Thunder Rides A Black Horse, By Claire Farrer

Thunder rides a black horse, by Claire Farrer
I feel that what Claire Farrer means by living in the 'mythic present' is that although most Indian culture is perceived long to have been different, it is
in fact very live and active today. I will give specific examples from her book, Thunder Rides a Black Horse, to support my arguments of what the
'mythic present' actually means and list many examples of events that could be considered to be in the 'mythic present.'
First I will define the mythic present in the terms that Claire Farrer actually uses in
her book. She states, 'For the Indians I know on several reservations in theAmerican West and Southwest, life is lived in what I term the 'mythicpresent.'
What mainstream Americans consider to have happened longago, if it happened at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He explained how the Apache can look at the constellations and planets and determine what time it is, even though as the seasons change, so do the
times. This was difficult for the author to understand or learn even though she spent a great deal of time at the reservation over many years. She says,
'to be a competent star watcher at Mescalero requires years of watching until the sky becomes as familiar as the back of one's own hand' (99).
There are many other examples of the Apache ability to tell time using astronomical and instinctive methods. This process has been employed by the
Apache for hundreds of years and is an example of the mythic present involved in thought and application.
The second example of the mythic present is the Apache kin–system. Their method of tracing ancestry is matrilineal, meaning only traced through their
mothers. This method differs from that of the western world in which kinship is traced through both mother and father, called bi–laterally.
This system also applies to Apache customs. The Mescalero homes and their
contents belong to women; only sisters and brothers in ascending generations are allowed
to chastise or discipline children (30). Farrer also states, 'since sisters and brothers are
always in the same family, it is the mother's brothers who are the disciplinarians, those with
authority' (30). One's siblings and first cousins through their mothers are all called 'sister'

and 'brother' in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Navajo : A Southern Athabaskan Language
Navajo is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na–Dene family; it has similarities and is related to spoken languages across the western areas of
North America. The Navajo refer to themselves as the DinГ© or "People" and their language is known as DinГ© bizaad or "People's language". The
earliest recorded history appears to between the years 1581–1583 when the Spanish made their first contact with the Navajos. Nearly 200 years later
the Navajo were able to drive the Spanish settles from the Eastern regions off their land. 30 years after that in 1805, Spanish soldiers returned with a
vengeance and killed more than 100 Navajo women, children and elders hiding in a cave; this tragedy is known as the Massacre at Canyon de Chelly.
Nowadays, the Navajo language is predominately spoken in the Southwestern United States and currently the majority of the language is being used in
the Navajo Nation political area. Navajo is one of the most widely spoken Native American languages and according to an article titled, "Navajo
(DinГ© bizaad)" in 2011 it was estimated that there were nearly 170,000 Americans speaking Navajo. Though the number of speakers may seem large,
the language has had difficulties keeping a healthy speaker base. This was caused by an aggressive effort made on the part of the public and mission
schools on the western reservations, which taught young Native American students English. As referenced in Language, Culture and Society school
administrators used such

Essay On Geronimo
Geronimo was born in June 1829 in No–Doyohn Canyon, Mexico, that today is near Clifton, Arizona into the Bedonkohe Apache tribe. Having had
viewed the Geronimo video, it is apparent that he was a hero to some for being determined to be free at all costs. It is also fair to say that many of his
own Apache tribe feels to this day, that he alone is the reason the Apache lost their homeland and caused so many to die. Personally, I find him to be a
man who looked up to his Leaders and became a product of his environment. According to the film, Geronimo was raised to believe that it was
common practice to raid and steal food what ever you wanted as a young man. Considered a naturally gifted hunter, Geronimo was as a boy who
swallowed the heart of his first kill in order to ensure a life of successful hunter. Around the age of seven–teen, Geronimo fell in love with a woman
named Alope. The two married and had three children together. While out on a trading trip, Mexican fighters attacked his camp. Quietly that night,
Geronimo returned home, where he found his mother, wife and three children all dead. After, finding his entire family murdered, was the turning point
where Geronimo went from being a simple horse thief leader of his tribe to a vicious warrior with the life long intention of killing anyone who ... Show
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Foremost, would be to get the answer if Geronimo was actually a racist serial killer or a man who simply snapped and wanted revenge after the
death of his family. In addition, I would like to know, if the Chiricahaua felt that Geronimo was actually hurt the tribe as a whole, why did they not
try to stop him by death or imprisonment. It is very easy to look back at an event or period of time and make allegations about why things transpired
or why they were not stopped. But one thing is for sure, Geronimo is an Icon in American and Indian history and always will be know as the last hold

The Apache Indians Essay
The Apaches, like most Native Americans, have no written history other than that written by white men. But the story of the Apaches did not begin in
the American Southwest but in the northwestern corner of North America, the western Subarctic region of Alaska and Canada. The Apache Indians
belong to the southern branch of the Athabascan group, whose languages constitute a large family, with speakers in Alaska, western Canada, and
American Southwest. The fact that the Apaches originated in the western mountainous Subarctic region makes their nomadic behavior after the arrival
in the American Southwest more comprehensible; the tribes of the Southwest were highly mobile and moved from place to place depending on
availability of food. They... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Raiding had been something to Apache had only done once in awhile but now that they couldn't hunt buffalo any longer raiding became necessary for
their survival. The hostility between the Apache and the Spanish settlers increased whenNew Mexico became a Spanish Colony . From the time of the
Spanish colonization until 1886 they were noted for their warlike disposition. According to the written history of whites, Apaches have always been
hostile; in truth, serious warlike behavior could usually be attributed to belligerent behavior on the part of the whiteman, or misunderstandings between
the two peoples.
Since no single food source could support their people for any length of time the Athabaskan continued to move around. Because they were
accustomed to living in mountainous regions their migration southward followed the Rocky Mountain range until they eventually reached the
Southwestern us, probably in the 1500's. The reason for all this southward trek is not so clear but is most likely because of lack of game and food.
During the migration they broke into smaller bands that settled in various areas of the country. Those that landed in what are now the states of
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah adopted some of the culture of the Pueblo Indians and eventually came to be known as Navajos; others, who
became the Western

Subarctic Region Essay
Subarctic Region The people of Inuit, Yup'ik, Unangan, and other Native Americans Indians have lived in the harshest environment on Earth from
Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, and to the East of Greenland along the coast of the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. From Labrador to the interior of
Alaska the Athapaskan, Cree, Innu, and other Native's people lived in the subarctic region of the land. These people had the ability to depend on their
years of knowledge of the sky, ice, ocean, land, and animal behaviors in order to survive. Living in the area that was vast and dealing with seasonal
dynamic extremes these Native people of the Artic and Subarctic had a honorable endurance for an millennia of exchanged goods, ceremonies, and
shared feasts with neighboring goods that has help them throughout the years.
Research History: Chronology–period/Dates How the first Native people arrived has always been shrouded with mystery, yet there have been
theorists to suggest they came in one way or another. "Heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene epoch (Ice Age), the early prehistory of Canada
mirrors the withdrawal of the Ice" (Lightfoot 2009: 249). The Laurentide sheet and the smaller Cordilleran ice sheet had created floors of the Chukchi
and the Bering Sea, creating a bridge between Asia and Alaska. This bridge has been presumed to be the route in which our long ago ancestors first
entered the New World. It was then though Beringa, humans then begun to create settlements all over

Stereotypes Of The Apache Tribe
After visiting Arizona multiple times, and learning about the history of the Native peoples that once inhabited the area, I decided to do my research
paper on the Apache tribe. The Apache Indians are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, including
present day Oklahoma, Texas, and reservations in Arizona andNew Mexico. In the beginning of their time, the Apache Indians had migrated to the
Kansas plains, where they were not accustomed to living and farming on the plains, and eventually their weakness was overtaken by the Comanche
Tribe. After the Apaches were defeated and their land was seized, they moved onward to areas like New Mexico and Arizona and parts of Texas. The
Apache are distant cousins of the Navajo, with which they share the Southern Athabaskan languages. Apache Nations are politically autonomous, speak
different languages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So many people today have failed to understand the Native Americans in context of history, which includes conquest of land, forced relocation, and
organized efforts to eradicate native cultures. There shouldn't be any stereotypes toward Native Americans, they shouldn't be labeled as "blood thirsty
savages" for simply defending their own land from intruders. Whether they are portrayed as noble savages, environmentalists, drunken, living of the
government, Indian princess/squaw, casino–rich, they find an effort to be treated with a measure of respect and integrity, and that is something that I've
learned. They may have shown people how to throw knives and axes, ride horses, pass down stories to younger generations, but in today's society the
history of the Native Americans have taught us so much more than that, and to me, that is what's important about

Code Talkers Chapter Summary
Code Talkers was written by Chester Nez with the help of Judith Schiess Avila. Chester Nez, a Navajo WWII veteran, was one of the original
twenty–nine Native Americans who came up with and wrote the top secret Navajo code used during the World War II. This code was a turning point
in the war against the Japanese. Judith Avila is a cod talker scholar with theNew Mexico Endowment for the Humanities Chautauqua Program, she
conducted over eighty hours with Chester and his son Michael.
The beginning of the book starts off with Chester's early childhood on the reservation. During the 1920's life on the Checkerboard Area of the
Navajo Reservation was not an easy life for anyone to grow up on. There was no plumbing, electricity, modern housing nor any cars and the winters
were harsh and summers long and hot. However, the mesas had its own beauty and it offered plenty of land great for raising sheep and goats and the
land was ideal for the Navajo people to celebrate and keep in contact with their spiritual connects to nature. Chester treasured his memory growing up
there and described how in his early childhood he would follow his family around the reservation tending to their flock of sheep and goats. He never
had a worry in the world and took ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had always taken that part of WWII as more or less just part of history and it really didn't affect me, seeing as the war was over. This book has
given me an even greater respect for Navajos. Being able to read what Chester went though as a child and how he stepped up to the plate and
created a code using what once got him beat if he spoke it changed how I view the way. Being about to see it though the eye of Chester has put the
war in color for me and I have so much more respect for that part of history and it has made me more appreciative of what I use to take for granted. I
would recommend it to

The Navajo Nation Division Of Social Services
Intake Form Critique The Navajo Nation Division of Social Services (NDSS) intake form is used by three agencies under the NDSS umbrella for
various services including child welfare for reservation residents, Indian Child Welfare for ICWA/state collaboration, local and off reservation
adoption, as well as clinical treatment services. The intake form was developed in 2011 with the intent to gather and report Adoption, Foster Care,
Analysis Reporting System (AFCARS) data to the federal government and modified in 2015 to become more streamlined with NDSS' electronic case
management system. The latest revision incorporates various data elements needed to satisfy specific statistical requirements with NDSS' various
funding providers and grantees. To thoroughly complete the intake, a worker must answer a total of seventy–six questions: seventy–four by the worker
generating the initial intake, and four questions by the worker's supervisor to document what action is being taken in regard to service delivery. A
breakdown of the intake form depicts a total of 25 questions that are pertinent with NDSS protocol & policies, while 51 questions relate to the client
and the client's request/report for services. Of the 51 questions relating to the client, each field reports basic demographic information about the client,
the client's parents if the referred individual is a minor, and other household members. While I do understand the need for each of the required fields
coming from the

Authentic And Cultural Background Of The Apache
Authentic and Cultural Background of the Apache
The Athapaskan–talking individuals of the Southwest, whom the Spanish and the Pueblos would
call Apaches, initially originated from areas well north of the Canadian fringe.
They entered the fields at some point going before the Columbian voyage, most likely pursuing the
developing crowds of wild ox that rose after 1200, and they assembled another economy and social
structure tweaked to the necessities of the occasionally troublesome environment.
From there on Apache populaces developed, and by 1700 they ruled the western segments of
the southern fields and the mountains of New Mexico. Apaches, more than whatever other gathering,
tested the Pueblo Indian populaces and also the infringing Spaniards for control of
the political economy of the Southwest.
The Apaches made a place for themselves in the Southwest at an extremely troublesome time in
history, when other tribal social orders endured decrease and demolition.
The Apaches survived and flourished outside the Spanish frontier framework fundamentally in light of the fact that
they adjusted to the changing biological systems of the Southwest; they modified their economy by

making new techniques for generation and extending or contracting sociopolitical structures to meet financial requests.
Every now and again such changes incorporated the appropriation of specific parts of European culture, for
illustration, altered types of pastoralism. Apaches

the navaho code talkers Essay
THE NAVAHO CODE
TALKERS
A peaceable agricultural Native American people related to the Apache, population
about 200,000. They were attacked by Kit Carson and US troops 1864, and were rounded
up and exiled. Their reservation, created 1868, is the largest in the US 65,000 sq km/25,000
sq mi , and is mainly in NE Arizona but extends into NW New Mexico and SE Utah. Many
Navajo now herd sheep and earn an income from tourism, making and selling rugs,
blankets, and silver and turquoise jewelry. Like the Apache, they speak a Southern
Athabaskan language. Navajo speakers served the United States well during WWII. Groups
of young Navajo men were enlisted under a TOP SECRET project to train them as Marine
Corps radiomen. They are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also
knew that Native American languages, notably Choctaw, had been used in World War I to
encode messages. Johnston believed Navajo answered the military requirement for an
undecipherable code because Navajo is an unwritten language of extreme complexity. Its

syntax and tonal qualities, not to mention dialects, make it unintelligible to anyone without
extensive exposure and training. It has no alphabet or symbols, and is spoken only on the
Navajo lands of the American Southwest. One estimate indicates that less than 30 non–
Navajos, none of them Japanese, could understand the language at the outbreak of World
War II.
Early in 1942, Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding
general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, and his staff to convince them of the Navajo
language's value as code. Johnston staged tests under simulated combat conditions,
demonstrating that Navajos could encode, transmit, and decode a three–line English
message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job.
Convinced, Vogel recommended to the Commandant of the Marine Corps that the Marines
recruit 200 Navajos. In May 1942, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp. Then, at
Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, this first group created the Navajo code. They
developed a

Differences Between The Inuit And Aleut Indians
When the Native Americans lived in the Americas on their own and inhabited the land all to themselves, it required them to put a lot of effort into
making life as easy and efficient as possible. Many tribes decided to travel to different parts of the region and start a life there so they could correctly
adapt to their surroundings, while still having their own areas to call home. The land is now divided into different regions based on the climate and
weather of them called the Arctic, the Subarctic, the Northeast, the Southeast, the Plains, the Southwest, the Great Basin, California, the Northwest
Coast, and the Plateau. As different tribes took control of each area, their lifestyles changed and they developed a new culture that would be their...
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This land regions stretched from present–day Canada's Atlantic coast to North Carolina, and to the Mississippi River valley. Because this region was
very close to water, they used inland rivers and lakes to decide where they wanted their villages. They made a sustainable living by growing crops
like corn, beans, and vegetables, and fighting for their land when needed. The Iroquoian groups especially tended to be very aggressive and warlike,
and had no issue with banding together to stage raids. This aggressive behavior ended up costing them everything as the Europeans came to their
areas. The conflict ended up being so bad at one point that the Europeans decided to remove them from their homes and the rest of the tribes in the
area died off or

Human Nature And Culture Being Responsible For Warfare
There is little interpretation necessary when two groups of men are painted shooting arrows at one another or when skeletal remains are recovered
inflicted by human weapons that predate to when hunters–gatherers once lived. This goes against the philosopher, Jean–Jacques Rousseau's theory of
warfare, which opposes human nature and culture being responsible for warfare, but as being a result of civilization. Evidence says otherwise.
Warfare came before civilization had begun, but differently from the war we know today. The way of life was completely different, resulting in the
way humans fought to also differ; from tactics and weapons to the reasons why they even fought to begin with. Evidence such as our closest living
relatives, the chimpanzees, which contains a difference of two percent from our DNA (Dyer, 2005). Chimpanzees share a lot of similar characteristic,
which Jane Goodall has discovered though out her 40 years of research. I will also explore different pre–civilization tribes that also display
recognizable war like behaviour, and the different findings to support that. Lastly, that brings us to the physical evidence that archaeologists have
recovered over the years, such as human remains bearing weapons traumas suggesting death from these injuries were inflicted by human weapons such
as, fractured bones, spear wounds, and stone blade lodged between the ribs. But first, I will begin with how hunter–gatherers once lived to help you
better understand the way of

Native Americans : A Navajo Indian
Vanessa Atine is a Navajo Indian that was born in the United States. Her family resides mainly in Arizona and southern Utah on the Navajo
reservation. She was born and raised as a Navajo, but did not participate in her culture until she moved back onto the reservation two years ago. The
Atine family moved around frequently, they have lived all over Utah and Arizona. When Vanessa was in third grade they moved into the Kearns area
and stayed until she was in tenth grade. The constant moving was mainly due to financial instability and job searching. Native Americans do not have
all of the opportunities other Americans do when it comes to finding jobs. There is a lot of prejudice and discrimination towards Native Americans
dating back to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Athabaskan had two separate groups: the Northern and the Southern. Another theory is that Native Americans descended from the Tibetan and
Mongolian people because the Navajo people retain the same physical characteristics. This theory still uses the idea that they must have crossed the
Bering Strait. The Native Americans acknowledge these two theories, but they have their own origin stories. Schools teach Native Americans the
anthropological theories and at home they are taught the traditional stories. The traditional stories are about Changing Woman and how she created
the four clans and how they ended up at the Four Corners. The stories also mention how a group, called Dine Nahodloonii, split from the main group
of Navajos and if they meet again it will cause misfortune. None of the stories mention migrating from the north and they mostly emphasize
originating from their homeland which is the Navajo reservation. The four clans Changing Woman made are Hashtl'ishnii (Mud People clan), Kin
Yaa'aanii (Towering House clan), Honagaahnii (One Walks Around You clan), and To dich'iinii (Bitter Water clan). The Mud People clan are the
creative ones. They weave, craft, and farm. They were given the Black Jet Gish by Changing Woman which they used to get muddy water out of the
ground. The Towering House clan are the teachers and leaders. They were given the White Shell Gish by Changing Woman which they threw against a
canyon wall because it would not give them water. The

Thunder Rides A Black Horse, By Claire Farrer

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Thunder Rides A Black Horse, By Claire Farrer