Religion And Politics In The Modern Period

Religion and Politics in the Modern Period
What is distinctive about the relationship between religion and politics in the modern period?
"I esteem it above all things necessary to distinguish exactly the Business of Civil government from that of religion." As John Locke makes evident in
his Letter Concerning Toleration, it is most important and fundamentally essential to define the limits of bothreligion and politics – their proper places
in civil society. Only with government–sponsored toleration is religion allowed to prosper in the modern period; it fits neatly within the mechanisms
of modern politics. As human beings, we are inclined to be in a constant state of competition and conflict. Equality and a limited supply of goods make
this conflict inevitable, and it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both situations are dangerous for an unstable sovereign. In modern society, our lack of toleration is not rooted in religion. For us, toleration becomes
questionable when such practices as marriage, pornography, animal sacrifice and bigotry are called into question. At what point does a government
need to intervene? Should the government not protect all of these under its mission of liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? These questions cannot be
answered. I believe that a government will not intervene until its own foundations become threatened. When it does feel threatened, as Hobbes will
suggest, it might embrace such an element. Religion, once a significant part of society, played a large role in government. Rulers who feared the power
of religion frequently embraced it, gaining much support and littler resentment: These [religious institutions] have developed to such a pitch of strength
they can support their rulers in power no matter how they live and behave. Only ecclesiastical rulers have states, but no need to defend them; subjects,
but no need to govern them; their subjects, though they do no govern them, do not resent them, and they neither think of replacing their rulers nor are
they in a position to do so.
In a
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Rise Of Islam Research Paper
The utilization of religion as a political tool to persecute individuals is a problem consistently faced in history. Placing religion and politics in one
category, leads to problems such as confusion of authority, divination of rulers and political warfare. These problems can be seen in certain political
religions such as Islam. In the Islamic religion, there is no official voice of Islam. This is partly due to the fact that the history of Islam is a history of
ever changing claims to religious authority. Meaning that multiple figures and institutions become the authoritative leaders that delegate which
principles of Islam become ever–present in their ruling period. For instance, Osama bin Laden was an authoritative leader that utilized ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The original Islamic sources, the Quran and the Hadith, had very little information about the formation of government. Therefore, after the death of the
Prophet Muhammad, Muslims were left to improvise and form a governmental structure. This structure was based on a hierarchy system that delegated
more power to the caliphate. In other words, the Islamic State was ruled by a series of caliphs based on the divination of power from the Muhammad
lineage, which allowed each successor to be chosen by the previous ruler. This system of structure greatly benefited the Muslim community who
received economic and political rewards, such as, guaranteed financial incomes and military/administration positions. Non–Muslims, who remained
from conquered lands, were not treated so justly. The Islamic State placed a poll tax (jizya) on Non–Muslims which lent benefits to the Muslim
community. Having a ruler placed into power by divination, such as in the case of the Islamic State, leads to general persecution and exploitation of
the people who do not follow the religious beliefs of the ruler. This is seen with the Non–Muslims, who were exploited to provide benefits to the
Muslim community. Therefore, the problem with divination of power in a political religion is that the voice of the religious is commonly expressed
while those who have opposing ideals are subjected to

`` Witnessing And Testifying : Black Women, Religion, And...
When we hear the term activist from the Civil Rights Movement, we associate that term with Black, religious men from the twentieth century that we
most commonly learned about in our classes growing up. Those men were known for fighting against social injustices and impacting the lives of black
citizens; they include Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X. If someone like Rosa Parks were mentioned in class, we would focus
more on her gender than her achievements. It was easy to assume that only men were leading and participating in the Civil Rights Movement. In her
book, Witnessing and Testifying: Black Women, Religion, and Civil Rights, Rosetta E. Ross focuses on key women in the Civil Rights Movement who
exercised their faith, despite the injustice that surrounded them, to improve the lives of others. Ross argues that Black women activists expressed their
religious beliefs, which included concern for the Black community's survival and addressing society's inequality. To support her thesis, Ross examines
the lives and work of seven activists; they include six exemplary Christian women and one Muslim woman. The seven women share many things as
they have come from different circumstances and contributed to the Civil Rights Movement in different ways: influences from their early lives, values
that motivated their activism and their aspiration to improve life for not only other African Americans, but for the larger society. Ross emphasizes that
the women she

Uniform Civil Code And Indian Secularism
AN ESSAY ON
UNIFORM CIVIL CODE AND INDIAN SECULARISM
By: Saurabh Kulkarni (2011A3PS056G)
Chaitanya Modak (2011A3PS078G)
Prasoon Mehta (2011A3PS235G)
Vyankatesh Asktekar (2011A4PS270G)
Faiz Ilahi Kothari (2011A8PS366G)
Chirag Bansal (2011A4PS145G)
Secularism is a value our country closely associates with. Our Preamble clearly states that India is a "sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic,
republic". Secularism according to Merriam Webster is 'the belief thatreligion should not play a role in government, education, or other public parts of
society'. But it is never clearly stated what the relationship between religion and state, here in India should be. Hence secularism in multicultural and
pluri–religious country like India is very different from Western practice of secularism. Indian concept of secularism recognizes that people from
different religions are culturally different from each other and is not based on separation of religion and state but equal treatment of all religions and
religious tolerance. Secularism is a multivalued doctrine with a unique implementation in India, in other words "secularism is not an Indian ideology,
but there is an Indian ideology of secularism" (Madan 1993, pp. 668). And this value is articulated on the concepts of equality and democracy and not
on Western ideology of denying religion any space.
Religion in India continues to assert its political authority in certain matters like the personal law of where the

Comparing Locke And Marx's Manifesto Of The Communist Party
From its primal adaptations to the specialized, highly sophisticated systems in which they currently operate, religion and politics has been inexplicably
linked to humanity, with each playing a significant role in sociopolitical development since man's very inception. As humans have become increasingly
more interconnected and interdependent, the now commonplace societal entities of politics and religion were borne into fruition, servicing as an agent
of communal advancement and moral betterment. Despite thousands of years of co–existence, the relationship between religion and politics has been
one of consistent animosity, with perpetual jockeying for power often resulting in social unrest and public dissent that has sent philosophers scurrying ...
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Locke too comments on religion's tendency to foster social dissension and the impossibility of determining religious correctness: "If the religion of
any church becomes true and saving because its leaders, prelates, priests, and others of that tribe mightily extol and praise it, what religion can ever be
reckoned erroneous?" (19–20). Locke's excerpt lends credence into the fact that religion's very premise–attempt at explanation of supernatural
phenomena–renders it incapable of communal harmony, as human inability to gather empirical evidence on supernatural occurrences leave it open to
infinite possibility, a degree of ambiguity that has led religion to become an enterprise that is being constantly created and modified. The underlying
mystique and profound uncertainty ultimate culminated in a wave of "religious liberty and freedom of conscience" that ultimately "gave expression to
the sway of competition within the domain of knowledge" (26). Marx's excerpt provides insight into the fact that the very identity of religion as a

Religion And The Civil Rights Movement
The struggle to obtain gay and civil rights has been directly influenced by religion, either in a positive or negative way. More specifically, religion
has served as a disadvantage to achieving gay rights and an advantage to those that participated in the civil rights movement. Contrary to the recent
successes of the gay rights movement, there have been a lot of obstacles along the way and most of them have been due to religious beliefs and
practices. Religion opposes gay rights, especially gay marriage on the basis that it immoral and unnatural, it is against the word of God and it is
incompatible with religious beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups(Eskridge,15). On the other hand, religion more directly
influences the outcome of the civil rights movement by providing a basis for unity among African Americans. The concepts and strategies of the civil
rights movement alluded to Biblical stories and admonitions. The church provided a physical shelter for African Americans to congregate and organize
marches, sit–ins and protests, but also a spiritual overlook that guided them to the freedom that they always deserved. In the 65–year history of LGBTQ
activism in the United States, the present moment stands out on the basis of gay marriage being legalized. At no other time would an observer have
imagined that the LGBTQ movement was likely to succeed in such a manner that any gender can marry any other gender with the permission by the
law (Stewart–winter

Civil Liberty Definition
Choose one civil liberty and one civil right that you feel is most often violated or most unequally applied for or against a particular group in the United
States today. Give examples (general and more specific/current examples from the media) and explain what you think allows for the violation to occur
more frequently?
One example of civil liberty is the right to practice whatever religion. One example of civil right is the right to vote. In 2016, North Carolina and some
other states tried to implement new voting restrictions. The Supreme Court stricken some of the new restrictions. It was a means of voter suppression
rather than "voter's fraud". This will in fact affect the elderly, the young, the poor, and minorities. The right to practice whatever religion is a civil
liberty that Muslims in US often violated. For example, discrimination and attacks on existing and potential Islamic centers. I believe the new voting
restrictions occur because of the election that was about to take place. For example, in North Carolina, the state legislature passed voting restrictions in
2013. The state eliminated reduced early voting period, eliminated pre–registration for 16 and 17 years old, instituted a strict photo requirement, and
other numerous restrictions. However, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some countries that does not allow you to practice your religion unless it is the state's religion. Everyone has the right to freedom of religion.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations in 1948. However, with the help of tv and social media, we all know that
individuals are torture due to their religion. However, there are countries that are adhering the law and little is done about it. For example, Pakistan is
one of the many countries that still show violence other religious groups. These laws are put in place by the United Nations to protect the human rights
around the

What Role Does Religion Play In The Civil Rights Movement
The popular picture of what the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and the 1960's is of a hopeful crusade, where African Americans were able to use
reason and moral arguments to illustrate to the country the immortality and injustice of segregation. This picture also assumes that African Americans
were successful in this movement despite white southerners' diehard devotion to segregation and white supremacy. In A Stone of Hope, Chappell
challenges this narrative by shedding a light on civil rights protestors uncertainty of the movement's success and how coercion and religion also played
into the success of the movement, as well as how segregationists lack of support and action played an important role in its success. One of the major
points that Chappell touches on throughout the book is that the civil rights activists,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Religion played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement in getting good public relations for the activists and as a source of strength for them.
Activists were going to be facing many hardships and needed an "emotional dimension" to deal with it, so religion was used to "inspire solidarity and
self–sacrificial devotion to their cause." For many people this emphasis on religion during this time was the primary event while the political and social
aspects were more secondary in their mind. Activists often remember the movement as "a life–transforming era touched with divine significance" with
many widespread cases of "extraordinary religious experiences" through, what they believed were, miracles. These miracles "played a direct functional
role in the political strategy" by being excellent PR for the movement. The protestors "nonviolent, prayerful appearance" had them "playing the role of
innocent lambs" which earned them the title of "dignified" in press

Is Marxism Still Relevant Today
"Money," writes Marx "is the jealous god of Israel, beside which no other god may exist. For Marx, society has become "Jewish." "The god of the Jews
has become secularized and has become the god of this world. The bill of exchange is the real god of the Jew, and his god is only an illusory bill of
exchange" (Tucker, p. 50). It is not the religion of the Jews that Marx is attack but what Jews have come to stand for in society that he is attack. The
Jews remain subject to an external power, be it religion or money, even if in their alienated way they embrace it as their own. In fact, because politics
has failed to create a home for the human spirit, the only sensible thing to do is to hang on to one's private good. However, Marx does discover ... Show
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The Civil society, the sphere of human needs, reflects both the negative and the positive evaluation. Civil society is a realm of pure self–importance.
Within it, each person is only an individual separated from the community, withdrawn into him–self, wholly preoccupied with his private interest and
acting in accordance with his private caprice (Tucker, p. 43). If the political state fails to provide universal freedom, civil society never aspires to it.
Marx specifies that he means by civil society "the sphere of human needs, labor, private interests, and civil law" (Tucker, p. 46). From human needs,
the other elements follow. Since Marx assesses human needs in two distinctly different ways, he also holds two opposed evaluations of civil society,
neither of which, however, can stand without the other. Human needs are first of all for Marx a type of deprivation, a lack which frustrates human
powers and stunts the development of the species (Fischman, p.765). At the same time human invention open up unrealized capacities, and, in short,
advance human development. In fact, acquiring new and more sophisticated needs is part of what Marx thinks progress is all about. Marx goes

What Role Did Religion Play In The Civil Rights Movement...
The unity and determination that made the civil rights movement of the 1960s one of the most successful movements in American history, was
constantly challenged by the different conflicts arising within the movement, which divided the black community in a time when unity was crucial.
The difference of opinion and beliefs of two very influential leaders created two strong sides within the movement, that had a completely different
approach on God and violence. Religion played a major role in this movement, and its interpretation became one of the reasons that caused this
internal conflict: Malcolm X believed God was in favor of his violent way of restoring the American pride with revenge against whites. His opponent,
Martin Luther King, saw God as a peaceful protector of the nonviolent... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They both portrayed God as a source of hope and motivation during their speeches and interviews, and as a protector for all nonviolent protestants. John
Lewis was very attached to the bible since childhood, and he kept this attachment during the years, that in his belief helped him gain the strength
necessary to lead nonviolent movements. During the march on Selma in 19––, the leader of the movement John Lewis suggested to Hosea: "we shall
knee and pray" (Lewis and Aydin 199) once they were stopped and ordered to disperse by the police. By making everybody kneel and pray once he
saw no option other than a violent encounter with the police, he restored the hope and motivation of facing violence that the people might have lost
when they were stopped by the police. Because of the use of God and prayers during the movements, nonviolent leaders attracted more and more
people, and thanks to the support from the church, their beliefs spread rapidly in the black community. The increasing popularity and the success of
this type of movement made this the definitive movement on which the movement was based

The Pros And Cons Of The American Revolution
The American Revolution was a war of independence between 1775 and 1783 caused by a myriad of political, economic, social and religious disputes
between British and American colonies. Political representation for colonists was put into question when economic factors such as taxes came into
play. A major factor that drove reform during the American Revolution was the freedom ofreligion. People were being limited in their participation,
were forced to pay taxes on the official church and had to obey church laws. Colonists began to fight against these restrictions and eventually gained
rights for people of different religion and as a result of the American Revolution, religious minorities experienced benefits such as the liberty of religion
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another benefit that religious minorities saw was that they no longer had to take a religious test as prompted in the constitution. The No Religious Test
Clause of the United States Constitution is a clause within Article VI. It basically states no federal office holder or employee can be required to
accept any particular religion as holding a federal office or a federal government job (Elliot 1). In all reality it was foolish for the government to test
and make sure that their workers are one specific kind of religion in order to be in a government position. Honestly what was the point of the
government having the test anyway? It did not do them any good with only having Christians or in some states just Protestants at those jobs.
Consequently, all they have to do is take an oath to support the Constitution and that is the way it should have been from the beginning.
As well as other religious minorities, Jews and Catholics were forced to pay for and abide by church laws for the official church, but after the
American Revolution, they were able to freely express their religion and partake in government and they gained rights that the people of the official
church had. These rights became known as natural rights. When Thomas Jefferson drafted the bill for religious freedom he declared, in Section III, that
all people have natural rights which

How Did Religion Influence The Civil Rights Movement
Many people tend to not fathom how religion plays such a powerful role within our world today. It even played a powerful role in the beginning of
the United State hundreds of years ago when it was founded. Religion intertwined in the social development in America since the very beginning. We
see religion animatedly in World War II, when many religious leaders risked their own lives to fight in a war that hurt so many people. In the book
"The Religious History of America" by Edwin Gaustad and Leigh Schmidt, it is publicized that even two decades after the war,religion helped with
sparking one of the most influential parts of America's history. The Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Everyone knows this name, because this name belongs to the man who switched the racial colored lenses that the face of America once wore.
King was a man who was influential through his persuasive and compelling words. King was courageous and valiant, giving the minority this
bravery as well. He spoke for those who did not possess a voice. He spoke for those who had a voice, but did not know exactly how to use it. He spoke
to transform the world. The Civil Rights Movement was a hard time for many Americans, especially African Americans. Racism was ready to beat at
the flesh of people and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Baptists, African Americans, protestants, Catholics, priests, nuns, rabbis, and Jews marched along with Martin Luther King, speaking of the words
that they believed Jesus would speak if he were there in that era. Their beliefs and religions inspired them to have the bravery to help change the
social issues of that time period. However, many of them were abused, arrested, attacked by dogs, received beatings, and even death. But each
continued to march and declare in what they believed in, because they believed their religions would contribute to a better and peaceful world

Is Religion Become An Outdated Policy?
Religion is the guiding force of human morality and through many centuries it has shaped our perspective of the world and each other. While religion
and faith have had a substantial impact on their communities in a spiritual way it has also helped to construct our modern society. The question is has
religion become an outdated policy means, and has our society grown past the need for the moral compass that faith provides us? Today religion might
be dividing us more than ever before, political parties used to be secular organizations that dealt with political issues and now they have become the
battleground for religious relativism. On one side you have the religious conservatives, and on the other, the secular progressives, these ... Show more
policy. Arguably the third great awakening of christian evangelicalism falls in the 1960's with the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. leading a charge
against segregation and in favor of civil rights for people of color (Bellah pg. 252). He himself was an baptist minister, but held the same beliefs as
evangelicals which is never formally recognized by the "white Christian evangelicals" of the bible belt (Hankin pg. 141–142). He lead his movement
with the scripture in which so many evangelicals derive their faith and divine right from. This was the introduction of religion taking center stage in
politics. After the civil rights movement the newly coined "New Religious Right" took over the political scene over it's stance on the morality of the
newly administered sex educations in certain schools and the possible federal education laws that would follow. The previous accepted method of
political liberalism, blocking religion as a major influence in government and public policy had now become null in the minds of the conservative
right. Ironically enough, after this mass of evangelicals flocked to make up the new republican far right, Jimmy Carter was elected President as an
openly born–again evangelical (Hankin pg. 141). The general rule of not mixing religion and politics in America still stood, but with the surge of
religious animosity over public policy issues

Southern Religion, During the Civil War
The battle at Fort Sumter sparked the birth of the Confederacy. Eleven states joined together to stand up for their viewpoints; forming the Confederate
States of America. They believed each individual state should have the power to govern itself; second, the belief that slavery was ordained by God
and evidence of support could be found in the Bible. The Christian religion had its part in shaping the Civil War.
Both the North and South believed that religion was one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Both sides believed that God was on their side.
Ministers, generals, leaders, and editors confessed that God ordered the Civil War, decided how long it would last and decided the length, the
damages that would be endured, and how it would come to end. The winner of the war, would show which side God supported and represent Gods
chosen people.
The south believed they were a Christian nation, different from other nations. On February 8, 1861, the Confederacy joined together, and created the
Confederate Constitution. In this document, they ask God to guide and help them. "We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its
sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity – invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God – do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
Confederate States of America."

Abraham Lincoln And The Civil War
In the mid–1800s, in the second Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln identified the civil war as religious war: it is a will of God. He
stated, God "gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe"; therefore, "with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us
strive on to finish the work we are in" (Lincoln). Opposite to Douglas ideas that slavery is natural, secular, and constitutional right, Lincoln asserted
anti–slavery, linked to Evangelical Protestantism (Magagna). Against evolutionism, he appealed the religious morality, thoughts, and behaviors in order
to demolish institutional slavery in the United States (Magagna). In his biblical terms, Lincoln justified the civil war as the providence of America, the
punishment of the sin of slavery, and the promise of national redemption. That is, Lincoln asserted "no bargain with the South and Slavery" through the
religious languages (Magagna). It is religious politics that Lincoln showed and succeeded during the Civil War. Rooted in the individual faith in
Evangelical Protestantism, Lincoln emphasized religious morality and changed it into social responsibility by using biblical terms. People responded to
Lincoln's language, and people brought their faith to bear on political action, participating in the Civil War (Magagna). In this way, anti–slavery issue
became religious politics. Likewise, based on the personal religious belief, when a specific issue creates the incentives for

Religion And The State Of Rousseau
Moran Levi
2/11/2016
Paper Proposal #1
Professor LeMoine
Peer Draft
Religion and the state
Rousseau
Every person has religions beliefs that inform their point of view. This affects how one acts in the world. For that reason, it is believed that a nations
prevailing religious belief system affects its politics. this is accurate in countries that attempt to maintain the separation between the church and the
state as well as countries that are openly theocratic. in order to get a better understanding of how a society functions it is essential to understand how
religion impact the politics and governance of a society.
Rousseau starts off his writings about religion by informing us that he believes that there are two types of religions (that later turn into three). The
first religion is the religion of the man, this religion is the "personal" religion which links the individual to god, and it is centered on the morality
and worship of god. Rousseau praises this type of religion and has also confessed to practicing it but he states that this religion by it self will harm
the state as a pure Christian is solely seeking spiritual and other blessings and there fore will happily endure hardships and failures for the sake of
heavenly rewards. Rousseau gives the example of the Christianity of the Gospels.
The second religion that Rousseau states is the religion of the citizen which he likes to call the "civil religion" this religion is the religion of the
country or nation, this

What Does Milton Use Of Figurative Language
John Milton was an author who was a strong believer in the use of faith and expressed that through his personal experiences in his sonnets. Not only
did he try to argue the importance of freedom of religion but also the influence of important leaders on his views. Milton used figurative language and
personification to show the negative impact that the disturbance of freedom of religion had on people not only politically but also personally. Milton
shows these characteristics in the following sonnets: On the New Forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament, To the Lord General Cromwell,
and How Soon Hath Time. John Milton used figurative language through his sonnet "On the New Forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament" to
emphasize ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Like Milton, Cromwell was a fervent advocate for liberty of conscience against the "force" of civil power (Lobo 781)." Milton used figurative
language to describe the sacrifices that Cromwell had done in order to be recognized as a leader. "Praising Cromwell's martial victories, Milton
also recognizes that Cromwell's reputation has suffered "detractions rude" from both satiric royalist accounts and Presbyterian attacks on his
toleration (Lobo 785)." General Cromwell's actions towards saving religion toleration are what brought Milton the use of personification to be able
to describe his character. Milton asks for the help of Cromwell when he says "Help us to save free conscience from the paw" and uses the word
conscience to refer to the battle within his mind to fight for the freedom of religion. Milton is praising Cromwell as a God figure that came and saved
those from the dominance of the Presbyterian system. On verse 3 "Guided by faith and matchless fortitude" (Milton 1941) Milton used figurative
language by stating that Cromwell was the figure that was guided by

A Catholic Socialist
In Dreadful Conversations: The Making of a Catholic Socialist (2003), John C. Cort quoted Irving Babbitt saying, "Rousseau abandoned his five
children, one after the other, but had, we are told, an unspeakable affection for his dog."1 Irving Babbitt certainly had no love loss for Jean–Jacques
Rousseau not only because of his abandonment of his children but because Rousseau was the antithesis of Babbitt. Even though both Babbitt and
Rousseau offer revolutionary ideas that affected their societies, their educational and religious philosophies differed in many ways.
On education, Babbitt and Rousseau exhibited contrasting ideas. Rousseau's views on education centered upon human liberty in educational pursuits.
However, Babbitt was more about structure in educational pursuits. Babbitt wrote, "[Bacon and thereby Rousseau] do not have the humanist's passion
for wholeness, for the harmonious rounding out of all the faculties."2 In contrast to Babbitt, Rousseau and Bacon believed that one should "burrow ever
more and more deeply into his own specialty."3 Babbitt continued, "The scientific and sentimental naturalist are sharply at variance on many points, but
in their views on education they often coincide curiously."4
As opposed to Bacon and Rousseau, Babbitt was the opposite of a scientific/sentimental naturalist. Babbitt believed in the value of a classical education
and the foundation that came through those offerings. He wrote, "Classical literature, at its best, does not so

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (CRA)
In 2008, Samantha Elauf was denied a sales clerk position at Abercrombie & Fitch because her hijab violated the company's "look policy" (Levinne,
2015). The policy prohibited employees from wearing head coverings but Ms. Elauf claimed that she was not informed of the policy. She filed a claim
with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) who then filed suit against Abercrombie & Fitch on her behalf. The company denied
that its policy was discriminatory because it prohibited all types of headwear. It also contended that Ms. Elauf did not request religious
accommodation; therefore, they did not know she needed it (Levinne, 2015). When the case was argued in the Supreme Court in February 2015,
Justice Sotomayor declared this claim unusual... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These characteristics include are, disability, ethnicity, gender, marital status, national origin, race, religion, and sexual orientation. Thus, religious
discrimination involves treating an individual or group differently because of their religious beliefs or practices. As previously mentioned, the CRA
was originally created to protect the civil rights of certain groups based on certain characteristics. Religion differs from those groups because it involves
observances and practices that may interfere with an employee's work (Ghumman et al., 2013). Therefore, the CRA was amended in 1972 to protect
such accommodations. Within the scope of the amendment, religious discrimination can be claimed on the grounds of (1) disparate treatment (2)
religious harassment (3) failure to reasonably accommodate religious beliefs and (4) retaliation against a claimant (Ghumman et al.,

Essay on Rousseau on Civil Religion
Rousseau on Civil Religion
Religion is a component of almost every society.
Knowing this, one might look at the function it serves. For Jean–Jacques Rousseau, religion, specifically a civil religion established by the Sovereign,
is an instrument of politics that serves a motivating function. In a new society people are unable to understand the purpose of the law.
Therefore, civil religion motivates people to obey the law because they fear some divine being. For a developed society, civil religion motivates people
to maintain the habit of obedience because they grow to understand and love the law. First of all, it is necessary to clarify Rousseau's ideas on religion.
In Chapter Eight of On the Social Contract, Rousseau ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, this type of religion has the potential to make men superstitious and intolerant.
When the boundary between Church and state is clouded, men may begin to "believe they are performing a bold action in killing anyone who does not
accept its gods"
(SC, Bk IV, Ch 8).
Rousseau points out a third type of religion, which in his own words is "more bizarre." He calls this "religion of the priest" and states "in giving
men two sets of legislation, two leaders, and two homelands, it subjects them to contradictory duties and prevents them from being simultaneously
devout men and citizens." An example of this type of religion is Roman Catholicism. Roman Catholics are subject to the law of the Church as well
as the law of the state. They are subject to the authority of the pope as well as the authority of the leader of the state. Also, they are commanded
subject to the rule of the Vatican as well as the rule of their homeland. For Rousseau, "religion of the priest" is "so bad that it is a waste of time to
amuse oneself by proving it. Whatever breaks up social unity is worthless. All institutions that place man in contradiction to himself are of no value"
(SC, Bk IV, Ch 8).
Because Rousseau finds serious faults with the first three types, he calls for people to adhere to a fourth kind of religion. He defines this as "civil
religion."

He asserts that it is the Sovereign's duty to require a "purely civil

Religion Vs English Civil War Essay
One similarity between the English Civil War and The French Wars of Religion was that both events were trying to incite change to government
through politically ambitious men.The English Civil War was an ongoing conflict between the royalists and parliamentarians over the setup of the
government. Cromwell, a member of the parliament, defeated and executed the King Charles I with his New Model Army and created the
Commonwealth, a republic that was really run as a military dictatorship under his power. Cromwell and his supporters attempted to establish a new
form of government, since the monarchy and parliament wasn't solving any of the long–lasting political conflicts. The French Wars of Religion
demonstrated that the civil wars were part of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In England, the nobles and commoners had established power through parliament. The monarchy run by Charles I was bound to fail because the
government had no money, and therefore authority, when he refused to tax because the parliament would only let the monarch use the tax money if
they could have representation in government. After having a long–lasting power–struggle that didn't establish a proper relationship between the king
and parliament, England needed a radical change of government that would stop the cycle. The English government didn't establish a proper
relationship between the king and the parliament, dating back to 1215 when the Magna Carta was signed: It limited the monarch's power, but didn't
establish how much representation the parliament and king got in government. Parliament realized that they needed to strengthen their power by doing
away with the monarch. In the French Wars of Religion, the Estates–General didn't really meet and didn't have much representation in government.
Unlike the English, the idea of a body ruling was too radical, and the three aristocratic families sought to increase power by becoming new monarchs.
They tried to gain power by becoming king or hoping that a weak monarch would allow them to

Civil War Religion
From the first settlers in the New World, religion had a place in this country. While Puritans had a foothold, it wasn't until the mid
–eighteenth century
that religion became tightly woven into the fabric of the fledgling Nation. This essay will address the rise of Methodism in the United States; the
growth of the evangelicals and the highlights of the politically charged aspects of religion in America from the mid–18th century to the Civil War.
While there have been many events occur around politics and religion in America, the two that hold the most significance were African Americans
being brought into the fold of the evangelical Church and the Civil War.
Methodism was a readily accessible religion, giving rise to its vitality and growth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the eighteenth century on we can find numerous elements that can be considered significant to the turning points of religious and political
development. The first significant development was the growth of Methodism and the circuit riders that allowed accessibility to the people. Secondly,
the great camp meetings also known as revivals and their emotional nature that drew vast crowds. Thirdly, whether or not African American's should
be allowed in the churches, with one side saying that it was the Christian thing and others worried about upsetting the delicate balance of the social
order and last but not least, the Civil War. Considered by some to be Armageddon, the Civil War was considered by most to be a war full of religion.
Consequently, the South saw their fallen hero, Jackson as a martyr, and many felt that when he fell, the South fell. While many revolutionary historical
events occurred from the eighteenth century on, the aforementioned events hold enormous significance as they are the ones that the biggest debates
were centered around and thus, the word of God spread more rapidly than ever

Pros And Cons Of Unveiling Secularism
Unveiling Secularism
"I swear by my religion. I will die for it. But it is my personal affair. The state has nothing to do with it. The state would look after your secular welfare,
health, communications, foreign relations, currency and so on, but not your or my religion." (Gandhi). When debating the word "secularism", many
people will dispute that the public has become less religious and stopped believing in God. They assume that a secular government is an anti–religious
one; a government that aims to reject religions. In fact, "secularism is the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public
education."(YourDictionary). In other words, secularism is the belief that government and religion don't influence ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of secularism appears a little bit strange for some people and some countries. At first, fanatic people refuse to make any change to their
lives and consider this concept (secularism) illegal and will separate them from God: they think that secularism will abolish religions and decrease
the number of religious people. They believe that the only law is the law of God. For example, homosexual couples are free to do whatever they
want (they become able to marry for instance) due to the law of secularism. Thus, those religious people take this example to oppose secularism
because for them homosexuality is a sin. In addition, separating religion from the state is a difficult task as Elizabeth Shakman Hurd mentioned: "The
creation of the category of religion and its demarcation from politics is a highly politicized decision that is not subject to a final settlement, and the
pretense of a final settlement exacerbates international conflict rather than diminishing it." ( Hurd 235). The most difficulty that faces secular people
is that they are assailed by all the religions because those secular people are minorities and cannot afford the pressure imposed on them. In view of this
fact, each secular human being will be neglected and considered as enemy which is not the case. Therefore, being a secular person may lead to
different hitches. On the other hand, some secular people try to trigger problems and conflicts between religious people and themselves. So even in
secularism you find extreme positions that lead to conflict like the militant secularism. As Simone Chambers said that we have three types of
secularism: militant, restrictive and open secularism. What makes secularism difficult is the Militant secularism because it is mistrustful and
suspicious of

Freedom Of Religion And The American Civil Liberties Union
Freedom of religion has been a right guaranteed to individuals in society. However, it is ultimately just an idea put in place that is disregarded as
something insignificant. The workplaces of many people choose to deny employees the right to express their religion freely, for fear it may leave a
bad image for the company. It is apparent that freedom of religion is not a strong right as many people may have originally thought it was. The limits
of this right have been tested for decades and continue to be an issue for people today. Freedom of religion may go on to exist as a right in society, but
when investigating deeper into this privilege, it is evident that it is merely an idea taken for granted. The First Amendment to the... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Another item to take into consideration when talking about freedom of religion is the Establishment Clause. This clause does not allow for any
portion of the government to choose to acknowledge a particular religion. As a result, the population is scrutinized for acknowledging religions
practiced throughout the world. The government may not support a specific religion, but ultimately owes individuals the respect they deserve, even
if they do associate with a particular belief. This happens in order to make religious freedom only a minor idea instead of the greater meaning of it as
a right. Many schools and other religious organizations are ultimately not supported by the government, in order to maintain the separation of
government agencies and religious doctrine (Your). Another important part of the First Amendment, is the recognition of the Free Exercise Clause.
This gives individuals the right to select whether or not they want to be involved with a religion of their choice. This clause also gives security to
those who want to be able to express their religion, without fear of harsh punishments inflicted by others. Unfortunately, many people do not express a
specific religion due to the view society has. Since many people see the freedom of religion as only an idea, there is not much emphasis placed on
protecting a right that should be the most

Rhetorical Analysis Of Civil Religion
Through the use a newspaper front page, it was possible to express the ideas of civil religion and lead the audience to the rhetorical purpose. This
was the main form of allowing news to be spread in the 1800s which played an enormous role in the acknowledgment of the USS Maine. This genre
convention was chosen to explain civil religion because it brought forth the opportunity to present a tragic event while still having the opportunity to
relive the past and present civil religion. Robert Bellah coined the term civil religion as a way to describe how the nation follows traditions and ideas
that could be attributed to a private religion. This newspaper is dated to have been published a day after the battleship Maine exploded in the port of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speech itself was given by President Monroe who is seen as important figure as one of the founding father. In civil religion, the Founding Fathers
are often idolized for their contribution to the creation of the nation in similar manners that God is idolized in the Judeo–Christian realm. The image of
James Monroe was included as a reminder of his strong demeanor and once again use pathos to build trusting relationship with the audience. The
rhetorical purposes of James Monroe and the rhetorical purpose of the newspaper are different which supports the rhetorical purpose that the newspaper
is trying to radiate. The inclusion of the speech represents the rhetorical purpose of Monroe which is to approve the Western expansion along with
protecting the borders of the Northern Hemisphere from eastern powers. The speech took place in Yorktown which was the location of the last great
battle in the American revolution and therefore this place can express the origin story of our nation and thus has an importance to convey the audience
of the importance of the matter. Monroe also mentions the responsibility to follow the ideals of the Founding Father had when constructing the
Constitution in efforts to continue to uphold the values that the nation was built upon. The mention of God also signifies the important role that a
greater being has on the success of the

Religion During The Civil Rights Movement
The civil rights movement was made up to give African Americans freedom that white citizens loved and took for granted, like eating in specific
restaurants, voting, and going to churches that they wanted to worship in. African Americans suffered from beatings and arrest as a part of their
everyday lives. The church gave African Americans hope and was a religious safe haven. During the time of slavery ancestors of African Americans
looked to God for freedom which is why the love of religion is so strong. African American Christians saw the church as a safe place where they could
be during the civil rights movement that provided moral and spiritual support. Most of the black communities had at least one church that provided
them with spiritual,

Consumer Vs America
Business America Vs the New American Consumer
Recently, there have been multiple situations in which privately owned companies and small businesses have been in court, the defendants in civil
suits for discrimination based on their religious beliefs. This paper will address four main topics; are these companies? religious rights protected by
legislature? Is a company entitled to be religious and to provide or deny services based on their religion? At what point does the organization?s religion
override legislature and vice versa. Finally, how does an ethical issue affect the business, the performance of the business, and the stakeholders of the
business?
Are companies? religious rights protected by legislature? The First Amendment states ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/gov/10b.asp Court
Rules Bakery Illegally Discriminated Against Gay Couple – ACLU – Colorado. (2013, December 06). Retrieved from http://aclu–co.org
/court–rules–bakery–illegally–discriminated–against–gay–couple/
Masterpiece Cakeshop – ACLU – Colorado. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://aclu–co.org/court–cases/masterpiece–cakeshop/ Court Rules Bakery Illegally
Discriminated Against Gay Couple – ACLU – Colorado. (2013, December 06). Retrieved from http://aclu–co.org
/court–rules–bakery–illegally–discriminated
State of Washington v. Arlene's Flowers | Ingersoll v. Arlene's Flowers | Arlene's Flowers v. Ferguson
– Alliance Defending Freedom. (n.d.). Retrieved
from http://www.adfmedia.org/News/PRDetail/8608
What is Discrimination? – FindLaw. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil–rights–overview/what–is–discrimination.html
SUPREME COURT RULES THAT RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM RESTORATION ACT EXCEEDS CONGRESS' POWER. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.civilrights.org/monitor/vol9_no2_3/art6.html
Constitutional Topic: The Constitution and Religion– The U.S. Constitution Online – USConstitution.net. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:/
/www.usconstitution.net/consttop_reli.html First Amendment Center.

The Jewish Religion Summary
The Jewish Question examines the criticism of Karl Marx against Bauer and his theory on the emancipation of the Jewish people. Bauer proposes the
question of the "relationship of religion to the state, examining religious prejudice and political emancipation" (p. 48). In this context, Bauer addresses
the need for emancipation for both the Jewish people and the state. Ultimately arriving at the idea that Jewish people must choose between a political
life and a religious one. However, Marx criticizes Bauer's argument due to its failure to address the varying degrees between political emancipation and
human emancipation.
Marx's argument against Bauer and his theory of political emancipation is correlated with the continued existence of religion.

A Common Source Of Conflict Essay
A common source of conflict in India is the lack of a Uniform Civil Code. This argument stems from the discrimination Indian women face under
religious personal laws. A Uniform Civil Code replaces patriarchal personal laws with a common set of laws that would govern each citizen and cover
matters relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption and maintenance. While India is a democracy, Indian leaders recognize that there are
several religious groups living within their borders so they strive to be a pluralist country, a country where there is more than just one center of
power, which in India 's case are Muslims, Hindus, and Christians. While this approach looks good in theory, it leaves critical matters such as
marriage, dowry, and property rights solely in the hands of religious leaders. This approach allows for the subjectivity ofreligion to be exploited and
removes the checks and balances system that many countries thrive on. The discriminatory nature of these laws is a direct antithesis to the equality that
the Constitution grants all of its citizens. While religious leaders argue that changing these laws is an assault on the rights provided to them, it 's also
critical to note that they directly assault the laws granted to Indian women. While Articles 25 through 30 of the Indian Constitution protect religious
freedom and cultural rights of minorities, Articles 14 through 24 ensure an individual 's rights to equality and freedom. This forces the question: why be

What Role Did Religion Play In The Civil Rights Movement...
What role did religion play in the civil rights movement? Were the African American churches a provoking force in the call for equal rights or were
they a calming eddy? Most Americans in today's society have very little knowledge of what exactly occurred during the civil rights movement or what
sparked undeniable passion of African Americans for change. In this paper, I will be analyzing the influences of black religion on the civil rights
movement through the themes of the three books; The Black Church in the African–American Experience, Black Church in the Sixties, and The
Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. The first book I analyzed, The Origins of the Civil Rights
Movement: Black Communities... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through Morris's analyzation of the modern black condition, he argues that black American's have always fought for the rights possessed by others that
they believed were due to them as well. He argues that churches played a critical role in the organization and implementation of this belief within the
civil rights movement. Morris argues that "local movement centers" (the black church) were leading cause for the rapid development of continuous
struggles in southern communities. In Morris's view, the modern black struggle for equality was made possible not by universal discontent among
African Americans but by black institutions, especially black churches. Morris also argues that the movement's leaders benefited and were influenced
by religious institutions such as Highlander Folk School and The Fellowship of Reconciliation. Morris wrote that these institutions funded and
supported many of the movements' leaders by helping organize and plan protests. Furthermore, these institutions helped the movements' leaders gain
publicity by helping spreading each of their messages across the

Philosophy of Rouseau and Lord of the Flies by William...
Living in modern societies, it can be difficult to decipher what person would be like in a natural state; without civilizations, rules, and punishments for
misbehavior. Does society corrupt our morals or does it keep us civil? The philosopher Jean–Jacques Rousseau believed that people are inherently
good. Without civilizations, humans are good beings with empathy, kindness, and well–developed morals. However, he believed that societies corrupt
our morals and are what make the change in us to become "evil" or "bad". The author of the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding, however,
believed that in a primitive environment, humans are evil. Without a society watching over us, humans will become barbaric brutes. Jean–Jacques
Rousseau (born 1712) was a philosopher whose beliefs were that humans, in a natural, primitive state without the influence of any societies, are
good beings. People's "uncorrupted morals" are not washed away when they are without societies. Rousseau also believed that a society is what
corrupts a human. He believed "ownership" of land or property is a lie, because the products of Earth are for all humans to share, saying: The first
man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and found people naГЇve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil
society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the
stakes, or filling up

Hegel 's Views On Religion
Religion for Hegel was something that was discussed throughout some of his different writings, and was something that he had strong views on. It
can be argued that his view on religion in the state for the citizens creates the most liberal society when comparing with that of Locke or Hobbes for
those who desire to practice their faith. He gives the choice to be involved in religion, or not, and shows how religion can benefit the functioning of civil
society.
Hegel's views on religion in the state cannot be sufficiently aligned with that of Hobbes or Locke, and Hegel's views are very much his own. In a
sense, he combines elements of both of these two writers, and takes aspects that make it difficult to draw a final conclusion that his ideas are more
like one than the other. Hegel's views on religion in relation to politics greatly differ from that of Hobbes and Locke, but he believes that religion can
play a vital role in creating ethical political communities. Practicing your faith can provide information on morals to live by, ad create a stronger society.
Hegel believed that Christianity is able to become a public religion that all citizens can become a part of. He thinks this religion is important because
it aligns itself closely with his views on the way of living an ethical life, and he believed that you can only become ethical by having this religious
support and faith in something. Christianity can be argued to be a religion of Sittlichkeit. This religion ultimately

Diversity Training Manual (Part 2)
IV. Religion Discrimination
Religion is a subject of discussion in recent years because different religions are being introduced to the world. Many people are raised in a particular
faith from when they were little but more than a quarter of them have since left their faith. About 44% of those people have switched faiths. People
who are unaffiliated with any faith make up about 16% of people today. One in four Americans, ages 18–29, say they are not affiliated with any
particular religion. 51% of Americans say they are members of the Protestant denominations. One in three Americans were raised Catholic and only one
in four describe themselves at Catholics today. In today's America, there are 1.7% of Mormons, .7% of Jehovah's Witnesses,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2. 3 Religious Groups
Orthodox Jewish
Two easily accommodations are dietary laws by allowing some more time for lunch on order for these employees to go get lunch, and traditional
prayers by allowing an office specifically for prayers for all employees with different religions. Two difficult accommodations are gender segregation
because the workplace will include both genders and daily worship if this worship would take the employee away from work from a certain time to a
certain time because it could cause their work to be transferred to another employee to get done (Orthodox Judaism, 2012).
Hindu
Two easily accommodations are allowing small religious images inside the cubical at work and allowing the Hindu women to wear their attire at
work. Two difficult accommodations are allowing for the employee to come in after dawn and leave before dusk in order to perform their rituals
because working hours may not fall in such a manner, and finding an office big, private, and appropriate enough to erect a small shrine that will also
allow incense and candles to be burned (Hinduism, 2012).
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter–Day Saints
Two easily accommodations are allowing the employee to wear their sacred garment to work and allowing employees to carry the Christian Bible
and other holy texts to work. Two difficult accommodations are allowing an elder to leave work if called to bless or

Did Religion Cause The Civil War
To what extent was religion the most important cause of the Civil War? In 1642, Civil war broke out in Britain. On one side was Parliament. On
the other side was the King. Ever since the beginning of his reign, there was unease between the king and the parliament. The reasons for this were
money, religion and power. Money was an issue for Charles because he was a very flamboyant person and spent large amounts of money
unnecessarily. This lead to him running out of it and Parliament did not approve. Religion was an issue as Charles was obliquely trying to change the
country back to Catholicism. This wasn't a good thing to do because the nation had finally settled on Protestant beliefs. Power, and who gets it, was an
issue as Parliament believed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, had the king not dissolved parliament, he wouldn't have run out of money or have to introduce the ship tax . However, contrary to the
statement made in the question, religion was not the most important cause of the civil war. Power was. To my understanding, this period of time, this
reign, in specific, this reign was a continuous battle for power between King and Parliament. Both parties clearly believed that they had more
influence. This went on to cause what we know now as the Civil

How Religion Influences In The Civil War
Religions influences in the Civil War
Throughout history, religion has shaped individual's lives for many different reasons. The Civil War is commonly known to be fought over the issue
of slavery, but religion did play a major role before, during, and after the war. People who's religion was against slavery believed they needed to fight
for what they believe in and stop slavery no matter what it takes. During the Civil War,religion inspired people both to go into battle and help free the
slaves. Motivation is the key behind any movement. The Civil war was fought over slavery but
Religion inspired a lot of people to go into battle. ("Influences from religion during the Civil
War"). Soldiers in battle would pray for protection over them and that God would deliver them a safe victory. ("Influences from religion during... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who's religion was against slavery helped build the
Underground Railroad to help slaves get out.("Underground Railroad"). People from religious groups also held meetings and conferences and also
gave speeches for their cause.( "the African American odyssey"). Members from religious groups were one of the first people to protest against the
African American slave trade.( "Religion during the Civil War"). People not only protested but they also sent petition to stop slavery with thousands of
signatures to Congress. ("the African American odyssey")
Religion played a major role before, during, and after the war. It may not have been the initial reason for fighting but it certainty became a central
aspect in the lives of people involved in the war. It helped the people shape why and how to help the slaves. People in the community read and wrote
books about religion and the inspiration it gave them. It would be interesting to know what stories and books people read that inspired them to make
the decisions they

American Civil War and Religion Essay
One of the important subjects during the civil war was Religion even though it received minor attention until recent years. Historians have
considered civil war an important story of war; however, religion rose as an important factor with many publications. For example "Religion and the
American Civil War" is a collection of essays and poems by various writers (Harry S. Stout, George Reagan Wilson, etc.1) A survey of the civil war
history from around 1970 to the present provides a very extensive context in terms of historical attention to the civil war and religion. These days,
modern historians have taken the approach to this topic of religion and the civil war in many distinct categories and sub–categories, which follow, in
the next... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Goen, the church breaks the bond of unity, established as a model for independence, alienation among sections via images, and elevating
the level of moral outrage each section felt towards the other. American churches' overemphasized on individualism, inadequate social theory and
rejecting ecclesiology. According to Goen, it failed to provide a proper leadership in the issue of slavery, as a result, it forced the nation to turn to
politics in order to confront this slavery issue, which in fact also led to war.1 Richard J. Carwardine examines in more detail the actual relationship
between religion and politics in "Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America" Carwardine makes the assumption that evangelical Protestants were
among the shapers of American political culture in the years before the civil war began. According to Carwardine, the decrease in power of revivalists
led the evangelical Protestants to ally with political parties to further their agendas. The political parties, in fact, made special efforts to win the
evangelical Protestant's vote. Carwardine maintains that evangelical Protestants created the ecclesiastical sectionalism, leaving their mark on
Republican politics. The Republican Party heavily moved from evangelical Protestants of the North. On the other hand, Southern evangelicals resisted
the injection

Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement
Influence of Religion on the Civil Rights Movement
Religion has had a profound effect on numerous events throughout the course of American history. The Civil Rights Movement was not withheld from
the influence of religion, particularly Christianity and Islam. Many of the key players such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, who were
devoted to the cause of justice and equality for African Americans, gained their passion from their spiritual roots. Through these religious leaders
organizations were established to fight for civil rights. It was through these religious men and the religion of blacks that the fight for equality gained
enthusiasm and courage to fight oppression and discrimination. Opposition also came from religion, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Schwerner, Chaney and Goodman were not civil rights workers. They were Communist Revolutionaries, actively working to undermine and destroy
Christian Civilization" (Mathisen 576). Later on in the interview the KKK affiliate declared that Lyndon B. Johnson, a president known for his
support of the Civil Rights Movement, "is a communist sympathizer" (Mathisen 576). This member was clearly discussing the Civil Rights activists.
He proclaims that they were tainting the Christian religion, which is why they were killed and are "missing." This notion brings up religion as a
contributor to their own views against African Americans. "The KKK uses words from the Holy Bible and teachings from Protestant Reverends to
support its cause and justify its actions" (Fisher 1). They truly rationalize their superiority complex and their brutality to blacks by the Christian faith.
By using Christianity, they too obtained unity against the Civil Rights Movement.
The Ku Klux Klan was not the only notorious adversary of civil rights. A prominent opponent of the fight for African American equality and was the
Baptist minister, Jerry Falwell. Falwell was a strong supporter of segregation and believed that based on the bible, "Africans were the cursed
descendants of Ham, and worthy only of subservience to white people" (Kimberley 1). In Genesis of the bible Ham was cursed by his father, Noah, for
disrespecting him. Through this,

Rhetorical Analysis Of Robert Bellahs Civil Religion Essay...
Rhetorical Analysis of
Civil Religion In America by Robert H. Bellah
Robert N. Bellah "Civil Religion In America" was written in the winter of 1967 and is
copyrighted by the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from the issue
entitled "religion in America". In his writings Bellah Explains the idea and workings of Civil
Religion in the United States; this chapter was written for a DГ¦dalus conference on American
Religion in May 1966. It was reprinted with comments and a rejoined in The Religious Situation.
Civil Religion is the idea that our own government has its own Devine right of worship and is
parallel to the writings of the Bible. It's the concept that the United States is its own religion as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And of corse like any new emerging idea it's main antagonists are Christian
followers who that see no connection the bible and the US at all. The idea of Civil religion is
enforced by the fact that throughout the history of the US every president has made some
reference to God is speeches, in writings, even in their dedication to their own religion. Also the
hundreds upon thousands of writers and speakers that have written or spoken on the tragic and
monumental evens in the life of the US are pulled in to help amplify the importance and

existence of pivotal events in the Civil Religion's time line.
Robert Bellah's intentions for writing this are simple, he has found a faith that he
believes in and is defending it against those who wish to discredit it. As he states in the end of
his writing, "Civil Religion has often been used, and is being used today as a cloak for petty
interests and ugly passions. It is in need– as is every living faith– of continual reformation of
being measured by universal standards. But it is not evident that it is incapable of growth and
new insight". Bellah's motive is to inform about what civil religion is and what it means to
follow it's faith hoping to bring others into the fold and even bring in insight and new ideals that
can help to adapt it to the modern world. Robert Bellah doesn't belittle other religions and say
that following the divine government is

More Discourteous Than Savages Summary
"More Discourteous Than Savages": Civility in Contemporary Political Discourse Civility as a virtue is commonly invoked in contemporary political
discussions, given modern political America's highly partisan interactions and the reemergence of battles for civil rights. However, many argue that
civility, while an admirable virtue for the individual, is not easily applied on a larger scale and should not be considered to be acivic virtue. Civility as a
civic virtue may hinder our chances of genuine and productive political interactions and serve as an impediment to honest communication. If civility is
considered to lie on a sliding scale–seen as an aim for political correctness on the right and the goal of silencing dissent on the left–what ... Show more
The Black Lives Matter movement has been renowned for being a shamelessly disruptive movement–and for good reasons. While America was most
certainly built through the labors of black bodies, it somehow still needs to be said that 'yes, black lives do matter'. In a 2015 article for the
Huffington Post, Kelly Wickham sarcastically states that "if the Black Lives Matter movement would just be convenient and not disruptive, we
wouldn't be in this turmoil" (Wickham). However, she brings up a very valid point. The entire article addresses points in history in which civil speech
has gotten black lives no where–and while there is certainly a time and a place in which to moderate the way in which you speak to others, it's very
easy to see why the Black Lives Matter activists feel as though they "don't have to ask nicely for anything that is guaranteed to other Americans"
(Wickham). Unfortunately, this has had the effect of making many people outside of the movement view the Black Lives Matter movement as
aggressive and inappropriate. President Obama, in a town hall meeting in London on April 23, said that those involved in the movement "can't just
keep on yelling at [elected officials]" if they want to see change occur that would act in their favor

Religion And Politics In The Modern Period

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