A Report On The Crash

A Report On The Crash
"I want to know what happened to my mother, I have a right to know" (MacDonald par. 5). This
quote from a grieving daughter came about in February of 2009. As 81 year old Marie Sachse was
traveling down highway 67 near St. Louis Missouri, her 2004 Saturn Ion veered off the road.
Unfortunately, when the car hit a tree head on, the airbags failed to deploy essentially causing her
life threatening internal injuries. Sachse was immediately taken to a nearby hospital where she
passed away approximately eight hours after the crash (McDonald par. 1–4). The only explanation
reporters gave was the well known flaw in various General Motor owned vehicles. Coincidentally, a
recently completed list of 13 deaths, including four Saturn Ions and nine ... Show more content on
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2). Results such as these just go to show that high fuel prices are impacting drivers on their future
considerations. According to Jeff Barelett, Consumer Reports auto editor, "While quality, safety, and
value are still important, this may be foreshadowing a market shift by folks seeking relief at the
pump" ("Consumer" par 2). Individuals are not only concerned about fuel efficiency, but also the
environmental benefit of an increase in fuel economy. In some cases, people were open to seeking
different ways of saving their money at the pump. This would include things such as downsizing,
hybrids, electric cars, or even models with diesel engines ("Consumer" par. 5). "When gas prices are
high, it's always tempting to rush to trade–in for a more fuel–efficient car to save at the pump"
("Consumer" par. 8). When it comes to choosing the most fuel efficient vehicle's, people need to
know just one thing. Foreign vehicles have been proven to support better a fuel economy than
American made vehicles. In recent years, the United States and the European Union have created
individual standards for vehicle fuel efficiency (Canis). Each of these regulations are expected to
affect the types of vehicles that are being sold within each market. In the past, countries have aimed
to regulate fuel efficiency by setting a certain number standard for fuel usage such as miles per
gallon (Canis). In recent times, the United States and
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Car Mpg Standards In The United States
CAR MPG STANDARDS THAT DONALD TRUMP WANTS TO OVERTURN
The car mpg standards that wants to be overturned by the sitting American president Donald Trump
includes the manufacture of vehicles that are fuel economy. This policies was put into action by the
incumbent president Mr. Barrack Obama in 2011. This move has been viewed as a few of the steps
that Donald Trump is taking to rewrite a few of the multitude policies that were enacted during the
era of Barack Obama. During the enacting of this car mpg standards policies, the president wanted
the Americans using the automobiles on a daily basis to reduce on the total costs incurred in the
purchase of energy, petroleum products. The car mpg standard aimed at acquisition of manufactured
vehicles that would consume averagely 36 miles per gallon unlike the previous vehicles that had a
consumption rate of 25 miles per gallon.
These fuel efficiency automobiles would aid the nation to save on the total energy consumed by the
citizens and also reduce on the energy expenses thus fostering growth through the transfer of
resources to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The policy was at that time commonly referred to as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ)
standards. The policy during its enactment by the American Congress in 1975, aimed at facilitating
the use of average fuel economy vehicles within America such as cars and light trucks. This policy
majorly targeted the automobile producers within America so as to facilitate purchase of
automobiles produced within the nation rather than importing from other automobile producing
nations yet they had adequate technology and vast available resources for effective and efficient
utilization. This aimed at ensuring that the automobile acquisition industry was not majorly
infiltrated by foreign automobiles. This would help boost the national economy as the balance of
trade would be fostered due to less importations and more

Wasted Green on Going Green Essay
The amount of energy it takes to produce a car can actually offset the amount of emissions emitted
throughout a car's lifetime. When thinking about energy efficiency, the ultimate "green car", the
Prius, is actually one of the sources of the worse pollution in North America! (Demorro). The
Toyota Prius, known as the most iconic "green" car, earns itself the most miles per gallon with the
efficiency of using two engines, one of them being an electric. Controversially, the electric engine
heavily relies on the use of "rare earth elements" which production comes almost exclusively from
China. Alongside with China's hazardous mining techniques and careless refining practices, the top
two rare earth elements used for hybrids are seen also as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Pooling together all of the accumulated energy it takes to drive and build a Toyota Prius, the head
honcho of the green movement, the Hummer H1 takes fifty percent less energy to manufacture and
maintain (Demorro). Adding onto the Hummer H1's durability, the added production costs, and
maintenance, the Toyota Prius is nonexistent in the green efficiency standards. The fragility of the
Toyota Prius, in comparison, reveals that the technology for hybrid cars are still in the infant stages,
requiring attention to detail on the "efficient" electric engine. Hybrid cars, such as the Toyota Prius
and the Honda Insight, offer two engines instead of one, a fuel efficient gas engine and an electric
engine that produces no emissions. "Hybrids are the most gasoline efficient of all cars–they
typically get 48 to 60 miles per gallon (claimed). Not bad, but only about twenty to thirty–five
percent better than a fuel efficient gasoline powered vehicle–like the Honda Civic, for example, that
gets 36 miles per gallon" (Dunn). In comparison to regular gasoline fueled vehicles, hybrid cars
only boast a measly twenty–five percent increase in fuel economy with the standard Honda Civics
cutting the closest with an average thirty–six miles per gallon. Although manufacture's miles per
gallon boasts great numbers, the actual claimed mileage by drivers is reduced roughly ten

Can Hybrid Cars Can Improve Fuel Efficiency And Save The...
Can hybrid cars can improve fuel efficiency and save the environment? A debate has recently arisen;
are hybrid automobiles that much more fuel efficient than the average car, and is the higher sticker
price worth the investment? Questions have also been asked about the hope of reducing
environmental pollution. Are government rebates and dealer incentives worth the additional
investment of purchasing these higher priced cars? What is the adoption rate among consumers to
these automobiles? Gas mileage can be defined as: how many miles a car or truck can travel on one
gallon of gasoline (Marland & English, 2015). As fossil fuels continue to be depleted, our
civilization must look at cost–efficient ways to accomplish daily tasks. Hybrid cars use a
combination of the gasoline engine with electronic motors to achieve a number of objectives. This
differs from the new totally electricity powered cars that run on charged batteries. According to
www.fueleconomy.gov; a vehicle that gets 30 MPG will cost you $545 less to fuel each year than
one that gets 20 MPG, assuming 15000 miles of driving annually and a fuel cost of $2.18 ("Save
Money", 2015). Over time this can lead to huge savings in fuel costs to the average consumer. As oil
prices continue to rise and fall, a more fuel efficient car could provide some comfort to the
financially stressed customer. A person must take into consideration if the savings in fuel costs are
worth the higher investment price of a hybrid. On average,

What Does It Strike The Right Balance?
In my opinion I believe that CCAP does indeed strike the right balance. With any plan as extensive
as this one, there needs to be a certain degree of regulation. With the implementation and revision of
many new policies, I think it will create a new standard for businesses and residents to live by. One
example is the strengthening of climate change policies in the municipal land–use planning process
through consulting on and proposing amendments to the Municipal Act and the City of Toronto,
which requires electric vehicle charging in surface lots. Another, example is setting lower–carbon
standards for new buildings which will be accomplished through the update of the Building Code.
Its clear to see that the government needs to set regulations in order for any change to take place. In
other words, they are the initiators that set an example for society. These changes may not happen
overnight, but with each person following these standards, it will produce long–term sustainable
benefits, which can then spur on more people to invest in sustainability in their own lives. I think
this plan does a realistic job at initiating but also facilitating and improving where possible. For
example, things such as home garages with the proper voltage outlets for car charging or retrofitting
residential buildings are great ideas to make part of new practices. Soon these modifications will
become the new normal until something better is developed. New and existing businesses will be
more

The Sport Utility Vehicle: Automobile Incarnation of...
The Sport Utility Vehicle: Automobile Incarnation of Irresponsibility
Drive down any city street in Portland, Oregon, and you will instantly be surrounded by massive,
gas–guzzling sport utility vehicles (SUVs). They will block your view of traffic, claim more than
their share of street parking space, and intimidate you with their monstrous size. And ironically,
though their tires have been manufactured to crash over only the roughest of terrains, these SUVs
will almost exclusively remain on paved city streets, serving as passenger vehicles for posh
urbanites who enjoy the rugged ambiance their monstrous automobiles emanate.
True, sport utility vehicles succeed in enveloping their owners in an aura of ruggedness. ... Show
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Car passengers account for 80 percent of the deaths that result from the collisions of cars and light
trucks. Incredibly enough, in the name of "safety," Ford Excursions have been installed with
"Blockerbeams," bars beneath their front bumpers that prevent them from riding over smaller cars in
head–on collisions (Welch, sc. 1). The mere fact that such an apparatus is necessary suggests that
SUVs pose unnecessary safety threats to other drivers. Furthermore, because they threaten other
vehicles, they raise a question of corporate responsibility. Is it ethical to drive a vehicle that so
blatantly endangers others?
SUVs may easily survive front–side collisions, but they are not free of safety risks. Though they
contain safety systems such as antilock brakes, independent suspensions, and computerized
monitoring systems (Gibney, sc. 1), they also have narrow tracks, soft suspension, and a high
centers of gravity. Such qualities make them unstable enough that they require a "High Rollover
Risk" warning brand from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
According to NHTSA statistics based on a "proportional comparison between a vehicle's center of
gravity and the width between its tires," the Ford Explorer, for example, registers a 30–40% risk of
rolling (Gibney, sc. 1). Together, SUVs roll as often as 240,000 times per year, causing 25,000
injuries and 10,000 deaths annually (Muller and Welch 51). NHTSA further estimates that as

Suv And Crossover Vehicles Of Cars
SUV and Crossover vehicles are starting to take over the US car market. 2016 is the year of the
SUV and pickup truck. Each month the car sales share of the market slips a bit (NPR, 2016). This
means that sales of your average car are starting to slip. If you pay attention while driving down the
road you may notice this. I believe there are several reasons why this is starting to be the case.
SUVs and Crossover vehicles sit higher than an average commuter or luxury car. They tend to have
more space inside for passengers and cargo. They are starting to rival the fuel economy of cars. Four
wheel drive is a feature available to all of them. Now before I get started I said SUVs and
Crossovers. While these two types of vehicles are broadly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is especially true if a person has to commute long distances to work. A new study by
TrueCar.com finds tooling around in a small SUV is no longer that wasteful. The sales–weighted
fuel economy average is only 2 miles per gallon apart (26.83 mpg SUV vs. 28.84 mpg sedan) SUV
owners typically will pay only another $3 more tankful to fill up their SUV compared to a sedan.
(USA Today, 2015). Granted those numbers are for a Crossover, However manufactures like Nissan
and RAM Trucks are starting to place small diesel engines in half ton trucks in order to gain fuel
economy without sacrificing payload capability. RAM is claiming to make up to 29 MPG with their
small diesel (I was not able to find fuel economy numbers for the Nissan engine). So it is likely fair
to assume that it is only a matter of time before traditional SUVs get engines of that type. Height is
also an apparent factor in the purchase of these vehicles. People reportedly like the fact that they sit
higher than an average car. It gives people the feeling that they have "command of the road". As
someone that drives a full size truck I can confirm that being able to see over the car(s) in front of
you does give you a certain commanding feeling. Driving a low sitting sedan just feels like you are
dragging your backside across the pavement. However I think there may be more to the height
factor.
As an individual that has long legs and knees that are not so great, getting in and

The Consumer Assistance For Recycle And Save Act ( Cars )
The Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Act (CARS), otherwise known as "Cash for
Clunkers", was a $3 billion U.S. program introduced by Representative Betty Sutton from Ohio.
Additionally, the bill was co–sponsored by Representative Bradley of Iowa and Representative
Miller of Michigan. The sponsors of the bill believed the initiative would "accelerate motor fuel
savings nationwide and provide incentives to registered owners of high polluting automobiles to
replace such automobiles with new fuel efficient and less polluting automobiles..." (Sutton).
The bill was introduced during a period of economic recession and was believed to be a boost to
American auto manufacturers who were, besides Ford Motor Company, struggling with high debts
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now that the program has ended, data extrapolated and calculated, and in conjunction with our best
presumptions regarding H.R. 1550, our primary focus is to evaluate said data and conclude whether
or not the policy should be implemented again. We speculate the Cash for Clunkers program was
successful and helpful to the consumer as a whole.
Cash for Clunkers was never intended to be a long–term solution to the economic recession; it was
meant to provide a catalyst for short–term recovery in an attempt to boost the economy through
spending and the creation of jobs. The economic theory behind the program was that by increasing
consumer spending, secondary factors would inherently improve as a result of increase in demand
via Trickle Down theory. The program was also meant to be a stimulus to the automotive industry.
According to The Economist, the intent was a "jump start the consumption of durable goods, a boost
the hard–hit car industry, and an improvement in the fuel efficiency of America's fleet" (The
Economist). But, many organizations, such as aftermarket parts suppliers and auto–body paint
companies, opposed the program. Organizations such as these would lose producer surplus since
new vehicles would be covered under manufacturer warranties. The older vehicles were required to
be disabled and the parts melted down.
Initially and throughout implementation, the economists responsible for the

Ethics of SUVs Essay example
Ethics of SUVs
We have all seen them rumbling around the highways of America, blocking the view of the road and
pounding the ground with their enormous engines. Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) have become a
part of our culture, as cars did before them and hoarse and buggies before that. Transportation has
always been a part of society's development as it continues to change and adapt to our needs as well
as our technology. In the beginning transportation was needed for making war on other villages, or
for getting between towns, but these same animals of old were also used to till the lands and to
cultivate crops. Automobiles on the other hand have changed this entire picture as they are used
primarily for transportation. However, as this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2700 were built by Bantam and then from 1941–1945 700,000 Ford and Willy Jeeps were built.(1)
It should be noted that four wheel drive technology has been around since the turn of the twentieth
century. From the 1940's to the 1980's these primitive SUVs changed little as they were rough
riding, back country vehicles used by the armies, campers, and hunters of the world to move easily
under the toughest of conditions.
In the early 1980's changes in the SUVs began to occur as family sizes grew, gasoline prices
dropped, and more people wanted to head out into the country on weekend excursions. The growth
of sales gradually increased until the end of the 1980's when a sudden change in car markets
occurred. People no longer wished to drive the family station wagons of days past, nevertheless they
still needed vehicles that could transport many people, but with a new style. The car market found
satisfaction in the sport utility vehicles. Though they were rough and not nearly as refined when
compared to car standards people like the concept. The idea of being able to go anywhere anytime
appealed to many as they began to drop thousands of dollars into these new vehicles.
Before 1980 SUV design as well as production had always been behind cars, however, it did not
take long for the car manufacturers such as GM and Ford to begin mass production of SUVs. With
the jump in sales of SUVs the demands of buyers became more and more upscale. No longer were
these

The Nissan Rogue : A Compact Crossover Sport Utility...
Fully redesigned for 2014, the Nissan Rogue is a compact crossover sport utility vehicle with
standard seating for five or available seating for seven. Now in its second generation, the Rogue
offers standard front–wheel drive with available all–wheel drive and can be had in one of three trim
levels. Product Overview, Test Model Nissan arrived late to the compact SUV market, having
jumped in as far more established models such as the Honda CR–V and Ford Escape dominated the
segment. But its late entry and subsequent update have made this model a strong competitor. It is
also a model offering an optional third row seat as part of a SV edition family package ($540)
upgrade that brings in run–flat tires as well. Right off, I can't recommend the package for the two
reasons given as the third row offers only token room and the run flats mean there is no spare tire to
be had. Indeed, it was an SV edition with that package and front–wheel drive that served as my
weekly driver. Priced from $24,490, upgrades such as roof rail cross bars ($290) and an SV
premium package ($1,500) put this 2015 model's final price at $28,170. Shop for a 2016 edition and
you'll find the Rogue S priced from $23,140, the SV from $24,590, and the SL priced from $28,540.
Add $1,350 to the price if you choose all–wheel drive. By the Numbers The Nissan Rogue sits on a
106.5–inch wheelbase and measures 182.3 inches long by 72.4 inches wide by 66.3 inches tall. In
the Nissan line up, the Rogue sits

American Auto Industry And The Environment Essay
American Auto Industry & The Environment
The American auto industry has faced several challenges in the recent years. GM was the world
leader in car sales for years. However in 2007, Toyota passed GM in market share to become the
automotive industry global leader. ("Toyota Passes General Motors to Become
World 's Top Auto Seller | Fox News", 2007) This was the start of issues for the American auto
industry. The start of the issues emerged with a sharp rise in gas prices. The rise of gas prices caused
the revenues of the American companies, who were heavily focused on trucks and
SUVs, to plummet. In addition, the high gas prices made consumer's focus shift to fuel efficient
cars. After years of poor sales, the federal government took over GM and Chrysler in March
2009. (Amadeo & Amadeo, 2016) Although gas prices fell, consumers continued to demand high
mpg cars and trucks. The most recent issues involve the environment. Global warming has created a
shift in global concern for the environment. This started the environmental issues for the auto
industry
Fuel Efficiency
In 1975, the United States government passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE).
The CAFE standard set fuel economy standards. In 2011, these standards were upgraded to force
automakers to improve fuel economy. The average fuel economy for cars must improve from the
current 27.5 mpg, where it has been since 1990, to 37.8 mpg by 2016. The truck standard has to rise
from 23.5 mpg to 28.8. ("How Automakers

Chevrolet Case Study
Evaluate the diversity of vehicle types and sizes that are sold under the Chevrolet brand name. What
strengths and weaknesses are evident in Chevy's product mix?
The Chevrolet product mix offers the company numerous strengths. First, it offers cars of different
sizes and price ranges that can cater to their customers' needs. Cars such as the Sonic, Spark, and
Cruze are smaller in size, but offer new styling and great gas mileage. The Malibu and Impala offer
a roomier interior and an iconic style. The Corvette and Camaro are sports cars that have both speed
and beauty. In the ever popular SUV market, Chevy offers the Equinox, Traverse, Tahoe, and
Suburban. It also offers the electric car, the Volt, and a solid line of trucks and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The company aspired to become a part of American culture and pushed its brand in that direction by
having a large presence with American sporting events. In particular, it is highly associated with
NASCAR and is currently driven by many famous sporting figures. Chevy's goal of being
synonymous with American culture can be seen with such slogans as "America's Best Seller,
America's Best Buy," and "Baseball, hot dogs, apple pie and Chevrolet." The company today
continues the same strategy that it has used for years by continuing to have strong roots and
marketing in America.
The corporation does have some opportunities and threats concerning its future. One opportunity is
the growing demand for fuel efficient cars. If Chevy can build cars that are superior to its
competitors and have sleek designs that customers want, then it can place itself in a very good
position. Also, the world now is a global economy. Where Chevy's America based marketing
worked well and still may work well in America, it needs to come up with campaigns to target its
growth in foreign markets. This is a huge opportunity considering the world's population is many
times what it is in America.
Chevrolet faces threats as well. These threat some from direct competition from companies such as
Ford, Toyota, and Honda. Also, the company faces the huge threat from recovering from its
bankruptcy. GM ended up discontinuing

How Hybrid Cars Use Our Energy Technology Adopted From The...
President Jim McDuff addresses that we as a company need to use our energy technology adopted
from the twentieth century as a foundation for the twenty–first century. In this portfolio I have
defined and suggested a few new methods of alternative energy to support the value we have in
clean renewable energy. The three main energy sources I considered are biodiesel fuels, hybrid cars,
and biking to work. The description on biodiesel fuels is meant to educate others that clean energy is
possible that will reduce greenhouse gases from petroleum reducing the risk of potential global
warming in the future. I've talked three different blends of biodiesel fuels that are most common and
effective against the war on global warming. Next I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Defining and Describing Alternative Energy
M–Global has an extreme passion for energy conservation and dedicates itself in finding alternative
energy sources that are innovative and constructive. Biofuel is the emphasis of our company and our
purpose for this pursuit. According to Green Choices of Cornell University, "biofuels are energy
sources made from living things such as plants or from waste that the living things produce".
(http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/energy/biofuels/) Biofuels will reduce greenhouse gases that
car oil and gasoline produce. Emissions enter the ozone layer trapping heat resulting in warmer
temperatures in each season. A first generation biofuel will consist of gasoline such as biodiesel,
which will be discussed in this portfolio.
"Biodiesel is a fuel that is produced from seed oil such as sunflower seeds or soybeans, fats from
vegetables and animals and microorganisms such as algae".
(http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/energy/biofuels/) Biodiesel has no petroleum, but petroleum
blends with biodiesel can be made where petroleum engines can run on. There are a variety of
blends that can be made with biodiesels and its efficiency depends on its blend. "B20, B5, and B100
are the most common blends used today".
(http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/afvs/biodiesel.html)
B5 blends are the lower level blends which are designed to operate normal vehicles that use regular
gasoline.

A Better Future with Green Technology
A Better Future with Green Technology INF 103: Computer Literacy Professor Robert Strain
February 25, 2012 We live in the 21st century which has been called the "century of the
environment". Our nation's leaders and individual citizens are coming to an understanding that we
can not assume any longer that problems such as pollution, climate changes and the dwindling
amount of natural resources can be put off for a future generation to deal with (Green Technology,
2010). There are many uses and reasons for green technology. However, with the use of green
technology we can have a healthier, cleaner and possibly longer future. In this paper, I will be
discussing just a few of those many uses. The term technology refers to the application of ... Show
The U.S. military has a goal to achieve 25 percent renewable energy by the year 2025. Fort Drum,
NY has one of the world's largest solar installations which currently heats the entire base (Lowman,
2011). The U.S. army and the U.S. Navy have both kicked off net zero programs which is aimed at
reducing not only energy use on bases and also on water use and waste. The U.S. Navy is aiming for
half of its bases to have net zero energy consumption by 2020. The Army is planning to install
rooftop solar installations in as many as 160,000 private military home in 33 different states to help
with energy costs (Westervelt, 2012). The Navy has commissioned a ship that is energy efficient. It
is called the Makin Island. It is the first amphibious assault ship to replace its steam boilers with gas
turbines. It is also the first Navy surface ship to be equipped with both gas turbinesand an auxiliary
propulsion system (Department of Defense, 2009) The trucking industry is also continuously
evolving to be be more green. Carriers are going with cleaner trucks to get better fuel mileage and
help cut out on harmful emissions. These days there are numerous opportunities for a carrier to turn
their fleet into a green fleet (Britton, 2010). California is becoming more of a green state. The state
of California passed new laws to where a truck driver can not idle there truck if it is not a clean
emissions truck. Now that the new clean trucks, Freightliner Cascadia and the

Economic Impact Essay examples
The Economic Impact of SUVs "The SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) is one of the most popular types
of vehicle to both own and drive. Last year, SUVs and minivans outsold conventional cars for the
first time. However, the SUV is increasingly coming under attack for its fuel economy, emissions
standards and safety record. Vehicle fuel efficiency across the US is now at its lowest level since
1980. However, former California governor Gray Davis signed legislation requiring the California
Air Resources Board to develop regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from passenger
vehicles. This includes SUVs. California accounts for 13 percent of the nation's auto market, so
manufacturers of cars, SUVs and trucks are sure to comply with the ... Show more content on
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SUV drivers are also more likely to be drunk. And SUV drivers are less likely to wear their
seatbelts. The Insurance Institute monitors actual driver deaths for Highway Safety, and as you can
see, the average driver death rates were lower in large vehicles but there was a significance overlap
between vehicles categories (Status, 2007).
|Model of Vehicle |# Of Models |# Of Fatalities (per million) |
|Small 4 door cars |14 |45–191 |
|Mid–size 4 door cars |17 |14–130 |
|Lrge 4 door cars |11 |57–118 |
|Md–size luxury |8 |11–54 |
|Lrge luxury |11 |14–85 |
|Lrge mini–vans |5 |36–97 |
|Vry large mini–vans

Kia Soul Advantages And Disadvantages
With all the advantages that comes with the Kia Soul, there are a few advantages that the company
should consider before making the purchase. The Kia Soul has a below–average fuel rating. It gets
24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway, which is not good fuel efficient for a car of its size
or when compared to the competition. The car only comes in front–wheel drive only, which can
make it hard to drive during the winter in Chicago. Finally, when it comes to the engine
performance, it comes with 1.6–liter four cylinder that puts out 130 horsepower, which can make it
feel weak for some driving situations. Below is the 2017 Kia Soul with some of its features. Hybrid
Vehicles Many consumers are becoming more environmentally conscious about the kind of vehicles
they drive and how they impact the environment, as a result, hybrid cars are becoming more
popular. Hybrid vehicles conserves fuel and produces less carbon oxide emissions, as a result, many
cities in the United States are switching their public transportation and other service vehicles to
hybrid cars. In addition to being environmentally friendly, hybrid vehicles have less dependence on
fossil fuels, has a regenerative braking system, they are built from light material, they have high
resale value, and they are financial benefits of having a hybrid vehicle. There are disadvantages to
owning a fleet of hybrid vehicles. They have less power, because the electric motor is low

Are Hybrid Cars Really More Cost Effective?
If you listen to the car companies, hybrid cars are the best invention since sliced bread. While there
are many reasons to buy a hybrid car, including a new tax incentive for US owners, it doesn 't hurt
to have a good understanding of how they work. This article explores the myths, benefits and
drawbacks of owning one of these new "green" vehicles. Are hybrid cars really more cost effective?
What is a hybrid car? Basically, it 's a normal, fuel efficient car that has two motors – an electric
motor and a gasoline powered motor. It also uses a special system to store braking energy in an
onboard battery. But why buy a hybrid? Why not buy a traditional gas or electric powered car? Keep
in mind, one of the basic rules of science is the more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
US car makers still are known for SUVs and trucks – Ford has even introduced a hybrid version of
its popular Escape SUV. Industry analysts say US hybrids are just token models, not a legitimate
attempt to get into the market. The reason for hybrid introduction has to do with Corporate Average
Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations. Current standards say that average mileage of the fleet of cars
sold by an automaker should be 27.5 mpg. This means that if an automaker sells one hybrid car that
gets 60 mpg, it can then sell four less efficient cars, like SUVs and trucks that only get a poor 20
mpg. To offset perceived reliability problems, companies are offering strong guarantees: The Honda
Insight has an eight–year/80,000–mile warranty on most of the power train, including batteries, and
a three–year/36,000–mile warranty on the rest of the car. The Toyota Prius has an eight–
year/100,000–mile warranty on the battery and hybrid systems and a three–year/36,000–mile
warranty on everything else. The motors and batteries in these cars do not require maintenance over
the life of the vehicle. The engine in a hybrid doesn 't even need any more maintenance than in any
other car. Due to the fact that hybrids have regenerative braking, brake pads may also last longer
than those of a normal car. So what 's a smart car buyer to do? Are the savings in gas worth the extra
headaches and

Elio Motors : An American Automotive Company
Elio Motors is an American automotive company founded by Paul Elio in 2009. Currently, Elio
Motors is producing a low cost personal transportation vehicle called an Elio, named after the
company and its founder. This automotive is a three wheeled, 84 mile per gallon, $6,800 vehicle that
is inexpensive and fuel efficient compared to those in this economy with high costing vehicles and
soaring fuel prices. Elio Motors is hoping to begin distribution of the product in late 2016. In terms
of organizational environment, Elio Motors has ranging factors of general environment. As stated
before, the company founded its organization on an economic factor. Seeing as American society
struggled with the prices of both personal transportation and fueling, the company structured their
product to fit the needs of their customers. Despite the market for IPO's falling, Elio Motors
managed to raise over $16 million. As prices for fuel and vehicles continue to rise, demand for the
product will increase. With technology advancing every day, Elio Motors has decided to design their
product with no new technology; by doing so, the company avoids any technological risk associated
with unfamiliar technology. Elio Motors has altered their product to fit different sociocultural
characteristics. The product is fit to accommodate most people who would like to buy the Elio. It is
designed to be suitable for a person of 6'1" 220 pounds, but has fit up as tall as 6'8", and as large as
365 pounds, as the

The Automobile and the Economy Essay
The Automobile and the Economy
The effects the automobile has had on the economy of the world are tremendous.
The major effects have came in many ways and include sales of the automobile, jobs provided to
sell and manufacture the automobile, gas/oil sales to run the automobile, and the start of auto racing
sport. The revolution of the automobile was the start of the most popular and successful industry in
the world.
The Effect of Gas/Oil
There is a great effect on the economy due to the sale of gas. The major effect of how much gas is
sold is how efficient the particular automobile uses gas and what automobile the people choose to
buy. Since the start of production of the automobile fuel efficiency has ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The current Fuel Economy Standards are as follows... ..................Model
Year..................Passengercars M.P.G......... 1978 18.0 1979 19.0 1980 20.0 1981 22.0 1982 24.0
1983 26.0 1984 27.0 1985 and future 27.5
(http//www.cnie.org/nle/air–10.html#summ 4)
The only problem with this chart is the lack of increase after 1985. This is due to several reasons
especially the 90's new kick with sport utilities vehicles which usually have a lower fuel efficiency.
Americans are also behind the rest of the world in fuel efficiency as the following chart shows new
car fleet fuel economy comparing federal standards, domestic fleet, import fleet, and the total fleet.
(http//www.cnie.org/nle/air–10.html#summ 5)
Some disagree that government regulations increase fuel efficiency. For example,
Michael Sykuta's report concluded that federal fuel regulations do not have a significant effect on
miles per gallons in automobiles. Production

Disadvantages Of Cars
When you start looking for a new car, it can be little daunting at first. There are hundreds of
manufacturers to choose from; each offering the latest deals on finance and upgrade packages. In
recent decades, there has been a lot of choices on the kind of cars to choose from, like hybrid,
SUV's, and compact cars. All the cars have advantages and disadvantages depending on how you
plan to use the cars whether it's for business or personal use. There are a lot of things you have to
think about before you decide which kind of car to buy. Gas mileage, impact on the environment,
what the automobile is going to be used for, and how much maintenance and upkeep will cost.
Safety, quality of engine, and driving convenience are some of the things to be taken into
consideration before making the choice, especially when the automobile is for business use.
As a business that delivers medical parts to patient homes and physician offices, it is important that
we have automobiles that are reliable, good quality, safe, easy to maintain, and good quality gas
mileage that should save the company money and at the same time good on the environment. We
have used SUV's and compact cars on our fleet before, but we have never had any hybrid cars. Both
cars have advantages and disadvantages, but we need to choose an automobile that the company is
going to use for the coming years and possibly the future. We are going to
Having a bigger car does not necessarily mean it is always better. There are

Environmental Challenges Of The Auto Industry
"The US auto industry directly employs 1.55 million Americans and impacting a total of 7.25
million US jobs, generates $500 billion in annual compensation." (1) With such a large industry
looming in the economy, it is inevitable that it will face environmental challenges. Environmental
challenges can be hard to control and are essential to the success of a company. The challenges that
the auto industry must contend with are many and complex, such as; global competition, consumer
opinions, and new technology, a difficult fight lies ahead. The globalization of the world has made
business markets even more competitive. The auto industry in The United States has not escaped
this. "Global competition resulted in less market share for U.S. car manufacturers and threatened
company profits as more foreign brands entered the U.S. market. The total market share of General
Motors fell from 28.2% in 2000 to 17.6% by 2014. The other two of the Big Three car
manufacturers also lost U.S. market share during this same period. Ford fell from 24.1% to 14.7%.
Fiat–owned Chrysler now holds only 12.7% after having 15.7% of the market in 2000." (2) It is
undeniable that a global market has infiltrated the US auto industry. There are many factors that
make a foreign car appealing to US consumers such as: new and unique products, brand appeal, new
technology (fuel efficient engines), safety features, allegiance to birth country, product quality and
reputation, reliability, cost, and the list goes

QCF642 Knowledge Questions
Unit Ref
QCF642
Title
Conforming to Productive Working Practices in the Workplace
Level
2
Credit Value
3
Learning outcomes
The learner will be able to:
Assessment criteria
The learner can:
1.2
Describe the different methods of communicating with line management, colleagues and customers.
Line management
Colleagues
Customers
1:Meeting
1:Discution,talking
1:Discution, meeting
2:Telephone
2:telephone
2:telephone
1.3
Describe how to use different methods of communication to ensure that the work carried out is
productive.
1:
Discuttion, meetings, questions, if you have a question or don't really understand whats going you
should always ask and make sure you understand everything fully, that all emplyers etc know
exactly what they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How to complete and how to maintain
Job cards Worksheets(snag list, instructions)

Your work sheets should come from your superviser, site manager, which you should be having it
with you , at all times. They should be checked before and after the work you was completing. Daily
work sheets, job records
material/resource lists (ordering material)
Goods received reports, despatched records, time sheets (hours worked)
Attendance records. Shift log books
3.3
Explain the reasons for ensuring documentation is completed clearly and within given timescales.
correct staff payments , legislative requirements accurate invoicing ,correct production recording ,
accurate stock holdings ,re–order level monitoring , audit requirements
4.3
Describe how to maintain good working relationships, in relation to:
– individuals
– customer and operative
– operative and line management
– own and other occupations.
How to maintain good working relationships with ...
Individuals
Customer and Operative
Operative and line management
Own and other occupations.
Communicating clearly
Communicating clearly, confirming tasks,priorities and responsibilities
Reporting problems, obtaining information,responding to requests
Requesting assistance,seeking feedback
4.4
Describe why it is important to work effectively with line management, colleagues

Battery Conditioning ( Auto Repair Shops
Battery Conditioning | Auto Repair Shops Lewisville, TX
The batteries for a hybrid are a source of dread for many owners, who realize eventually they will
require replacement with new or reconditioned batteries. Now you have an additional option in the
Lewisville area. Fifth Gear Automotive offers battery conditioning for your hybrid vehicles. Bring
your hybrid vehicle to Fifth Gear Automotive auto repair shops in Lewisville, TX for conditioning
of your battery pack by our certified experts.
You may not realize it, but many hybrids completely shut down if they run out of gas. It is a
protective feature on several brands of hybrid vehicles, with the intention to protect the costly
batteries. Not all hybrids have the mechanism, and those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Contact Fifth Gear Automotive hybrid battery specialists in our auto repair shops in Lewisville, TX.
Improving Your Hybrid 's Efficiency
You have probably heard how you drive affects your gas mileage, and its just as true with a hybrid
as any other vehicle. Accelerating and braking gently are essential for improved efficiency. In the
hybrid vehicle, accelerating gradually will ensure electric motor use only, maintaining efficiency
and possibly assisting you to surpass the EPA mileage estimate. This habit is especially beneficial in
heavy traffic conditions.
Factors Affecting the Battery Lifespan
A conditioned battery can provide reliable service for years properly conditioned. Fifth Gear
Automotive hybrid battery specialists are certified to provide batter conditioning. Trained to the
highest standards of the industry, you can rely on the conditioning of your hybrid battery in our auto
repair shops in Lewisville, TX. However, you should be aware of the following factors which can
affect the lifespan of a conditioned battery:
While battery packs can be reconditioned an unlimited amount of time, age is one of the factors that
can affect its length of service after conditioning.
Extreme temperatures in your location, the elevation and heavy use of the vehicle.
Operating the vehicle in a manner that places the battery in an extreme profound discharge state is
discouraged for old or new batteries alike.
Only use a certified hybrid battery specialist for service

A Website On Air Pollution
Our proposal is to create a website that encourages people to learn about how to use their car
efficiently. Our website is called Greenriding and there are some games and quizzes that teach you
about air pollution. During this game you earn points and you can trade it in for coupons and the
coupon is sent to the person by email, and comes in a printable PDF. These coupons can be traded in
for things that help air pollution (free smog checks, free tire inflation, free shuttle rides, and free
tune ups). The reason our proposal is mainly focused on learning lessons, to earn points, to get
coupons, is because actually keeping your car in good shape is a huge impact on the environment.
Also getting your car checked out, and fixed soon after your engine light goes on, can improve your
mileage by more than 30%. The second part of Greenriding is a car and shuttle system called
Greenrides. You can either rent a shuttle bus for multiple people, or you could rent an individual car
for just a few people. To become a member of the Greenrides program, you pay $25 per year. You
get the individual car rides for free, but would still pay $10 per shuttle ride. We the car manufactures
are concerned that the next generation of drivers will not be educated enough on air pollution. They
should be able to learn about air pollution for a small price. Your car is designed to run at an optimal
efficiency, however time, distance, and weather, contribute to decreasing that efficiency. Routine

Adjusting to the Policy of Energy Efficiency: Hybrid Cars...
New technology has been emerging to help the environment. There have been many different
inventions created in order to help protect our planet and to help people be more efficient with using
energy. A popular invention is hybrid cars. The question is should consumers invest in buying one?
Many people know about hybrid cars, but many people don't know exactly how they work, therefore
they find no interest in investing to buy one. Hybrid cars are extremely different than a gasoline car.
Gasoline cars run off only gasoline, which produces more pollution that goes into the air. A
gasoline–electric car, which uses both systems of gasoline powered and electric powered cars, emits
less pollution into the air (Nice). Many people find it to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Hybrid cars are built with a smaller body for a reason. Due to aerodynamic drag, (which is the work
the engine does pushing through the air) the body of the car is smaller, which doesn't make the
engine work as hard to move (Ajava). The tires of hybrid cars are designed to create less of a drag
on the road, making a smoother and more fuel efficient ride (Nice). When purchasing a hybrid car,
there are two different types of hybrids. One is a parallel hybrid, and the other is a series hybrid. A
parallel hybrid's fuel tank and gasoline engine are connected to the transmission. In the parallel
hybrid the electric motor and gasoline engine adds more force power. The difference with a series
hybrid is the engine is not connected to the drive train of the car. The engine in a series hybrid
doesn't turn the wheels when one pushes on the gas; instead it stores energy into the batteries which
the electric motor uses (Ajava). Although there are many advantages in purchasing a hybrid car,
many people can also find hybrid cars to be more dangerous. With the car being made out of lighter
materials, if ever in an accident, a person can be severely injured. Even though hybrid cars have
smaller tires, during bad weather conditions it can be harder to control the vehicle. Another major
concern consumers may have is to trust that by using alternative energy in cars, it will help them
save money. Energy

Essay on Why Hybrid Cars Should Not Be Purchased
As the gas price is rising up to 140 cents per litre in Canada, many people switch their vehicle to
gasoline–electric hybrid car to gain savings from the better fuel efficiency. Many potential
consumers for hybrid vehicle and hybrid vehicle owners think that the hybrid system is worth the
extra penny due to better fuel economy. However, the realistic is that it has higher maintenance
despite of its outstanding fuel economy figures. In fact, the hybrids cause more environmental
damage than conventional petro powered vehicles and there are better alternatives. Therefore,
hybrids should not be on consumers' shopping list due to a numerous negative facts that consumers
are unaware of.
Many Automobile manufactures want consumers to believe ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, consumer is forced to pay for the battery pack which costs around $4,000 from their
pocket, not manufactures'. When the battery pack is replaced, despite of good fuel economy, it costs
more to own hybrid than conventional vehicle.
Many people buy hybrid cars because they have been told that hybrids are much more eco–friendly
than any other vehicles out on the market and they feel proud for supporting the Mother Nature.
Surprisingly, it is a fact that a recent report announced that the Toyota Prius has a higher life time
energy cost than Hummer H1 SUV (kentlaw.edu). It also states, "There are, however, environmental
costs to mining and smelting (in Canada) 1,000 tons a year of zinc for the battery–powered second
motor, and the shipping of the zinc 10,000 miles – trailing a cloud of carbon – to Wales for refining
and then to China for turning it into the component that goes to a battery factory in Japan"
(kentlaw.edu). In other words, the hybrids emit less carbon dioxide and other gases but it releases
far more energies and toxic gases into atmosphere at production and disposal stage.
In addition, consumer must be aware that there are better alternatives to hybrids on market. Thanks
to advancing technology, many petro powered and diesel powered vehicle get similar EPA fuel
economy on highway. From German automotive manufacture, they have developed Clean Diesel
such as Blue Tec from Mercedes–Benz and TDI from Volkswagen which

Tom Boney Case Study
Fuel economy standards are changing. Tom Boney runs an automotive business for Novelis, which
is an aluminum. He seeing more people migrate to the lightweight metal. If Tom is disappointed that
Jeep did not select aluminum for the whole body of the next–generation Wrangler, then he is
certainly not showing it. He also does not seem concerned that Toyota, Ram, GMC and Chevrolet
are still selecting steel for most of their pickups. In 2025, the government will be setting a fuel
economy standard of 54.5 miles per gallon. Tom believes that more manufacturers will be turning to
aluminum so that they can meet that goal. Ford did something drastic to make the switch. They
spent over $1 billion tearing down plants so that they could convert from steel to silver. Tom
understands that not every company is able to do what Ford did. He will be happy if the body of the
car is made out of steel, but the doors, trunk lids and hoods are made out of aluminum. ... Show
Finding the right combination of elements is similar to baking a cake. Aluminum has two major
obstacles if it wants to replace steel. Aluminum will have to be stronger and thinner in the future. It
will also have to become more formable so that it is able to shape vehicles that come out in the
future. The steel industry suffered when Ford decided to use aluminum for the F–150. However, the
steel industry still has a variety of lightweight products. It also has a lot of advantages. Almost every
automaker manufacturing system is designed to be welded with steel. One of the first vehicles to
made out of a combination of aluminum and steel was the CT6. The combination of the metals
helped improve the fuel economy. It is estimated that 65 percent of the CT6's body is made out of
aluminum. The rest of it was made out of

Hybrid Vehicles : Are They As Good As People Think They Are?
Hybrid vehicles: Are they as good as people think they are? The hybrid vehicle is a popular choice
for many buyers when purchasing a new vehicle because of all the positives effects, but what buyers
don't think about when purchasing these vehicles is the negatives effects they have. Over the last
twenty years, manufactures have made hybrid vehicles look spectacular, but the truth is not what it
seems. The emissions of the vehicles are not as good as advertised, the initial cost is significantly
more than a normal vehicle, and the performance is compromised to compensate for better fuel
economy. The emissions of a hybrid vehicle are suppose to be low and better for the environment
than a normal gas vehicle, but the pollution created by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason these materials take more energy to create is because they need to be lighter materials to
keep the weight of the vehicle down to make it a effective hybrid. Hybrid vehicles can be effective
Another reason not to purchase a hybrid vehicle is the cost, most people know a hybrid vehicle will
cost them more money. In 2012 a brand new ford fusion base model would cost you $20,705 base
price and the hybrid base model costing significantly more at $28,775 roughly an $8,000 price
increase (George & Hall–Geiser). The difference in cost per year is only $450 if you take the
difference in price and divide it by the $450 it shows that it will take you roughly 17 years to
recuperate the difference in price of a hybrid vs. a gas powered model (Find and Compare Cars).
With the hybrid and gas powered vehicle having the same size gas tank and the cost to fill both
vehicles the gas the same, sill the hybrid has an average 41 miles per gallon in the city with the
same gas powered model averaging 22 miles per gallon which is a huge difference (Find and
Compare Cars). The average mileage per gallon on the highway is 30 miles per gallon in the gas
powered model and the hybrid model averaging 36 miles per gallon, which would show little
difference in distance where it

Environmental Impact Of Automobiles
The environmental impact of automobiles is becoming a major topic for the manufacturers. New
regulations have been created in order to enforce manufacturers to make automobiles that cause less
of an impact. These regulations resulted in an increased price for the manufacturers and the
consumers. The strict standards have resulted in higher priced automobiles than one would expect
(Furth, 2016). With the enhancements made in technology, one would expect the price of
automobiles to decrease, yet this is not the case due to the impact of the regulations. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that automobiles made after 2009 will have a higher
price than previous automobiles because of the new regulations that were put in place (Furth, 2016).
However, this belief has led to conflicts between academic critics and the EPA (Furth, 2016).
Further research is required to determine if the higher costs of automobiles is solely caused by the
regulations that are being imposed or if there is another cause. Either way, the price of automobiles
has increased in the last several years and this can be problematic for any company in the
automobile industry, but especially for newer competitors like Tesla.
The price of fuel is one reason why consumers are considering purchasing a smaller and more
environmentally friendly car. According to a Consumer Reports Survey, fuel economy was the main
consideration in purchasing a new automobiles to 37% of those surveyed (Consumers

Essay on Fuel Economy in American Automobiles
Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United
States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also
sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers
money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers
are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet
government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer. During the late
1900's, fuel efficiency was given very little thought by automakers. Instead, they competed with
each other by coming out with larger and more powerful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The first law that was passed to enforce this was the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which
was passed by Congress in 1975. This law established a Corporate Average Fuel Economy program,
commonly known as the CAFE program, and it required automakers to drastically increase the fuel
efficiency of their vehicles. Consequently, by 1985, the average fuel efficiency of automobiles had
risen to 27.5 miles per gallon, which is very close to what it is today (Bezdek 132,133). Because
CAFE did not change the fuel efficiency standard until years later, by the early 1980's most
automakers had met the fuel efficiency that was required for their automobiles, so they started to
pay more attention to the size and power of their vehicles. Instead of building cars with better gas
mileage each year, they built their cars bigger and with more power, while keeping the fuel
efficiency just high enough so that it met CAFE standards. Accordingly, the gas mileage of vehicles
has not increased significantly since the 1980's (Bezdek 133). In fact, the average fuel efficiency of
new passenger vehicles steadily declined from the 1980's until 2004. This was due to the loopholes
which car manufacturers found in the CAFE standards. CAFE treated "light trucks" much more
leniently than cars, and allowed them to have considerably less fuel efficiency than cars. This caught
the attention of car manufacturers, who then looked at how CAFE defined a light truck. They

Potential Environmental Impacts of Utilization of...
Potential Environmental Impacts of Utilization of ConocoPhillips Fuel Efficient High Performance
(FEHP) Lubricant Applications in the Automotive Industry
In some shape or form, nearly all aspects of American life contribute to unnecessary exploitation of
natural resources. The automobile is a staple of American life and culture, and perhaps best
exemplifies Americans' dependence on gross quantities of raw materials. On any given day, over
235 million vehicles travel 11 billion miles on U.S. highways, consuming nearly 20 million barrels
of oil daily 1,2,3. Worldwide, oil consumption has reached a 16–year high of 80.6 million barrels
per day 17. Most important of all, proven oil reserves around the world only provide roughly 40 ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Various serious environmental catastrophes may result from continued global warming, one of
which is rising sea levels due to the melting of polar ice caps. For the most part however, the global
climate system is far too complex to make accurate predictions, but this does not mean that such
issues should be ignored. Rather, we should proceed with caution.
Furthermore, rising consumer popularity and low fuel efficiency make for a lethal combination with
regards to SUV's and light trucks. In 1975, SUV's and trucks accounted for only about 13% of
vehicles purchased. The EPA has estimated that SUV's and trucks will make up nearly 4 times that
much in 2004 – 48% of total vehicle sales. Trucks and SUV's are less fuel–efficient than other
automobiles, getting an average of 17 miles per gallon compared to about 25 miles per gallon
attained by passenger cars 6. According to these fuel economy and consumer trends, fuel
consumption in the United States is only going to increase in the near future. In turn, global climate
change will likely grow accordingly with increased CO2 emissions from added gasoline
consumption.
Consumer demand for gasoline is an incredibly strong market force, strong enough that many
consumers continue to buy the fuel regardless of market price. As of May 10, 2004, average
gasoline prices are at an all–time high of $1.941 per gallon across the nation, and up to $2.21 in
California 7. Yet

The Government Expectations Through The Cafe Standards On...
The government expectations through the CAFE standards on consumer cost benefit analysis on
purchasing an eco–friendlier car is not realistic to what consumers truly value. If this were the case,
then why wouldn't everyone be purchasing a more economical vehicle? The problem with these
governmental standards is that they do not efficiently satisfy the needs of both the consumers and
manufacturers within the automobile industry. Although the data suggests that the net benefits
certainly outweigh the costs in the long run, what is not seen are the costs incurred to manufacturers
over time. Using the economic theories of the Keynesian Model, from "That which is seen, and that
which is not seen", and supply and demand, we will discuss the implications of these imposed
standards and suggest our own recommendations for solving this problem. Supply and demand is
the most basic principle of economics. Supply and demand have an inverse relationship to each
other for very simple reasons. When demand increases, people buy more of an item, thus lowering
supply. If supply increases, then items demand of an item is decreased unless the price is lowered.
The way that this case is affected by supply and demand is when the CAFÉ standards are enacted
the price of vehicles will go up due to the increased costs of production. The increase in the price
will lower the demand of new cars and increase the supply sitting in dealerships. Also the increase
in price of new fuel efficient

The Company President Of Peregrine Trucking
The company President of Peregrine Trucking has decided to make saving fuel, a primary focus on
the continuous efforts to become leaner and more efficient. Any type of fuel savings will have a
direct impact to the bottom line of profitability. This additional income can be better utilized
towards additional investments that will lead to sustainability and the goal of having a green supply
chain. Strict government regulations, customer requirements, pressure from environmentalists, and
requests by the general public have made being conscientious of creating an eco–friendly business
necessary. Several key process improvements and equipment upgrades have been identified that will
assist Peregrine Trucking in reaching the goal of continuous improvement on fuel savings. These
investments will not only impact fuel, but other added benefits will be realized as well. The speed of
service will be improved in addition to better focus on customer service and more reliable
equipment. The following proposed ideas are strongly suggested to obtain the desired outcome of
fuel savings: phase out the current trucks in use to more modern fuel efficient models, improve upon
the plan for scheduled maintenance, implement maximum allowable speed limits by installing
limiting devices, invest in new technology to better utilize the fleet and reduce the amount of wasted
time and space, and changing company policy in regards to rules and employee training.
Focus on Fuel Economy Does the

Cars And Truck Account For 20 % Of All U.s. Global Warming...
Cars and truck account for 20% of all U.S. global warming emissions, where more than 24 pounds
per gallon of carbon dioxide and other global warming gases come right out of the car's tailpipe
("Union of Concerned scientists"). This frightening statistic is part of the reason why the federal
government has put in place many policies and incentives such as the Clean Air Act, The National
Program for greenhouse gas emissions, Catalytic Converter Federal Laws, and incentives of
$12,000 in California to get people to upgrade to more fuel–efficient cars. With such programs and
incentives put in places, it is also important that car companies such as Toyota and Ford also take
action to further cut pollution rates. They have done so by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The pollutants that were controlled were carbon monoxide(CO), volatile organic compounds(VOC),
and oxides of nitrogen(NOx), where the NOx standard was 3.1 grams per mile (EPA). These three
pollutants can cause a wide variety of health issues, some of which include your brain not getting
enough oxygen, damage to the respiratory system, damage of lung function, cardiovascular
problems, and cancer ("Types of Air Pollution Caused by Cars"). Over the next couple decades' car
emission control became stricter and standards tightened and evolved to .07 grams per mile of NOx
in 2009 which is a 77% decrease from its previous standard of .3 in 1999. Alongside federal actions,
California has been leading the global fight against climate change.
California Governor Jerry Brown has a plan to put 1.5 million zero–emission cars on the state roads
in the next decade and has signed 11 bills related to global warming. Some of these efforts include
15,000 permits for clean–air cars to use car–pool lanes, requirements for counties to speed up
permits for residential solar–power installations, and rebates to lower income resident to buy more
fuel–efficient cars. He enacted a law that requires California power companies to get at least a third
of their electricity from renewable resources by 2020. One of the largest incentives that Jerry Brown
has put into place has been rebates for upgrading to more fuel–efficient cars, where the state of

How Technology Changed Cars Changed Over Time?
How has technology in cars evolved over time?
Technology in cars is important because cars are driven by all kinds of people throughout most of
their lives. People use their cars to travel near or far distances. You basically use your car to go
where ever you want, so wouldn't you want the technology in them to improve? There are three
main features when it comes to cars that I think are most important to consumers. Those features are
safety, performance, and comfort. All three of these come together to provide a better driving
experience.
Even though a balance of all of those things are important, some people look for different things
when they are trying to purchase a car. Some consumers want a car that has great performance, so
they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later on in the early 1900's, the first steel body was invented. This was made for increased
durability and safety, and was also more efficient to use. In 1908 ford made the model T. It could be
purchased for a price of $825, which would roughly equal $8,000 dollars now. That's still
considered extremely cheap for a brand new car. Now a days to get a brand new car, you would
need at least around $13k, and that's for very low models. However, even having a car back then
was an extreme luxury. The model–T had a 4–cylinder engine which produced about 20hp and could
hit a top speed of 40mph. That is actually really fast for those days. Even though it's barely faster
than a horse, it's obviously more comfortable.
When it comes to transmission, the model T had a 3 speed. It was really 2 speeds, and one of the
gears was used for reverse. The model T was a real–wheel–drive vehicle, which means that the
engine sends all the power to the rear wheels using the drive shaft which connects to the rear axle.
This wasn't always the best because a lot of the weight was in front of the car due to the engine. This
means the rear wheels wouldn't always have the best traction if the road was wet. Nowadays there
are rear–wheel–drive cars with 50/50 weight distribution and different types of traction control to
prevent the rear wheels to lose traction.
The suspension for the Model–t allowed a great deal of wheel movement to cope with the dirt roads
of the time. The suspension

A Framework Of An Action Plan
Literature Review
This section addresses various case studies regarding the importance role of education, policies,
incentive programs in motivating sustainable consumption all over the world. The aim of this paper
is to design a framework of an action plan to promote and motivate sustainable consumption in
Saudi Arabia. Also, the current study focuses on the role of education, incentives, and policies that
help in changing the current unsustainable consumption patterns. The United Nations Secretary
General's High–Level Panel on Global Sustainability recently wrote that "sustainable development
is not a destination, but a dynamic process of adaptation, learning and action. It is about recognising,
understanding and acting on inter– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the survey results show that the three crucial environmental issues in Saudi are: the
congestion problem and transportation systems, solid waste, and inefficient use of water and energy.
2. A Portuguese Case Study in Ownership and Regulation
According to a study conducted in the Portuguese region of Madeira, the study aims to find out to
what extent water bills service is educating and encouraging consumers about the importance of
consuming water sustainably and inform them with water shortage issues. A questionnaire was
distributed to 386 households in the Madeira Region. The results show that water bills are lack of
educational information. Also, the results suggest that redesigning the water bills may have a
positive change in the consumption behaviour. The majority of domestic users have an incomplete
perception about the items included in the bills. On the other hand, a small group of the participants
is aware of the amount of water they are consuming and how much money they are paying for the
service. This small group is more conscious in adopting environmentally–friendly behaviour and
more sustainable consumption.
3. Rural Residents in China
The study aims to discover the factors that affect the rural residents, environmental knowledge,
environmental responsibility, perceived behavioural control, response efficacy, environmental
sensitivity and also the contextual factors. The study

A Report On The 2015 Ford F 150 Lt Fx4 Edition
The 2015 Ford F–150 LT FX4 Edition is a truck that can run various off road terrains, tow like a
heavy duty truck, and still be able to be stylish and affordable. The LT FX4 edition is a special
model of the F150 that has four wheel drive and will apply to more off road and towing needs. This
review of the 2015 Ford F–150 FX4 Edition will go over the specs of the vehicle, the rugged special
exterior features, and the stylish interior features that separates this truck from the rest. The 2015
Ford F–150 LT FX4 is build will a 3.5–liter V6 ecoboost engine able to run 365 horsepower and 420
lb. per foot of torque. There is also the option to choose a 2.7–liter V6 engine which will top at 320
horsepower and 375 lb per foot of torque, and the last option is the 5.0–liter V8 engine which gives
390 horsepower and 440 lb. per foot of torque. People will choose what they feel is necessary for
the use of their truck. If someone drives the truck to get to and from places, a fuel efficient 3.5–liter
ecoboost will be the option. On the contrary, a powerful 5.0–liter V8 engine will give the power for
towing capability and driving in rough terrain. The F–150 has the gas mileage of 19 miles per gallon
in the city and 26 miles per gallon on the highway. It has the towing capacity of pulling 10,700 lbs.
These specifications are for the FX4 edition with the 3.5–liter ecoboost engine only and different
specification will result in different F–150 setups. The exterior of the F–150 is loaded

Dodge Charger Research Papers
The Dodge Charger has become an American classic. If you're in the market for a big, powerful
sedan that is roomy enough to hold the family, but flashy enough to give you street cred, the
Charger may be the right choice. Purchasing the 2010 model from ABC MotorCredit will help you
save money and build your credit without settling for less than the car you want. If you're not sure if
this is the right vehicle for you, read on to learn more about all of its features. Body styles and
options The 2010 Charger comes in five styles. Each model shares some features such as a four–
door design, 16 cubic foot trunk, long wheel base, and roomy cabin. Base: The base model is a rear
wheel drive vehicle that comes with a 2.7 Liter V6 engine. The basic trim package includes 17–inch
alloy wheels, power accessories, a CD player with four speakers, cruise control, keyless entry, and
other standard features. 3.5: The next step up from the base model is the 3.5, which includes a 3.5
Liter V6 and standard rear–wheel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Charger did not fare so well in side–impact crash tests, earning the second worst score
from IIHS. Safety features for the Charger include antilock disc brakes as well as standard side
curtain airbags. Fuel economy Gas mileage for the 2010 Dodge Charger will vary depending on
which model you choose. The base model, with its relatively puny V6, has surprisingly
unimpressive gas mileage, burning through 18 MPG in the city, 26 on the highway, and 21
combined. Compare this to the 3.5 and Rallye models which have standard ratings of 17/25/20 for
the all–wheel drive model, and only slightly worse for the rear–wheel drive. Stepping up to the V8
engines predictably decreases fuel mileage. The R/T has fuel economy ratings of 16/25/19 while the
SRT8 comes in at 13/19/15.

Hybrid Vehicle Research Paper
Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Their Advantages
'The HEV [Hybrid Electric Vehicle] concept goes back to 1905. On November 23 of that year,
American engineer H. Piper filed for a patent on a hybrid vehicle. Piper's design called for an
electric motor to augment a gasoline engine'(1, pg 2) and thus, the HEV was born. Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, otherwise known as HEVs are vehicles that 'combine the internal combustion engine of a
conventional vehicle with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle'(2).
In this day and age car manufactures are trying to out–compete one another in terms of car features
and sales. Technology has come a long way since 1905 but the principle is still the same: to produce
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those who may doubt the potential for HEVs may ask: ?Why HEVs?? The Office of Transportation
Technologies makes the following points about HEVs:
?The practical benefits of HEVs include improved fuel economy and lower emissions compared to
conventional vehicles?Hybrids will never be true zero–emission vehicles, however, because of their
internal combustion engine. But the first hybrids on the market will cut emissions of global warming
pollutants by a third to a half, and later models may cut emissions by even more?(2).
Although hybrid vehicles are not zero emission vehicles, they are a very good alternative to the
conventional vehicles that are on the road today. With the capability to have a higher fuel economy
and emit lower amounts of pollution, hybrids are strong contenders against such vehicles as SUVs
(sports utility vehicles).
Another advantage that HEVs have is that they are competitively priced with other vehicles on the
market today.
?The HEVs available for sale are very cost competitive with similar conventional vehicles. Any cost
premium that may be associated with HEVs of the future can be off–set by overall fuel savings and
possible incentives?(2).
As a result of not having a very high price tag, in comparison with standard vehicles, HEVs are

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