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Crime and Deviance
- 1. CRIME DEVIATION from FORMAL social norms and is subject to FORMAL penalties HOW ARE AGE, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS AND RACE/ETHNICITY RELATEDTO CRIME?
- 2. ■ WHAT DOTHESETWO SETSOF IMAGES SHOWYOUABOUTTHE CHANGINGVIEWS ON CRIME OVERTIME?
- 4. LIKELY OFFENDERS What do you think is the most significant factor associated with crimes/deviance?
- 5. AGE ■ Start to increase in early adolescence, peak in young adulthood, decline with age ■ Separate justice systems ■ In what province do you think youth commit the MOST crime?
- 6. GENDER ■ Correlates consistently with crime ■ Who commits the most crimes? ■ What is the most common type of crime?
- 7. Social Class* (most debated among social scientists) ■ ASSUMPTION: sociological theorists make the assumption that crime is economically motivated; poverty leads to criminal behavior ■ Evidence is not entirely clear WHAT DOES RESEARCH INDICATE? LOWER SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND = MORE LIKELYTO BEARRESTED FOR VIOLENT AND PROPERTY CRIMES CRIMES COMMITTED BY LOWER CLASS = MORE MEDIA ATTENTION
- 8. DO A LITTLE RESEARCH! FOR ONE OFTHE FOLLOWING CRIMINAL CASES, IDENTIFY: WHOWERETHEVICTIMS? WHATTYPE OF CRIMEWAS COMMITTED? WHATWERETHE SENTENCES? ENRON SCANDAL BERNIE MADOFF PONZI SCHEME SUBPRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS
- 9. WHITE COLLAR CRIME ■ More likely to be committed by upper class ■ VERY little research (interesting huh?) ■ Until recently, not even reported! (so can’t correlate social class with crime yet) CONCLUSIONS- DO DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE COMMIT MORE CRIMES? Minimal research into class and crime shows that economically, educationally, and socially disadvantaged people are OVER REPRESENTED in arrest and prison stats
- 11. Over-representation of FNMI inmates (what reasons are offered?)
- 12. CURRENT CANADIAN STATS ■ Close to 25% of all inmates are Aboriginal make up only 4% of the general population ■ Inmate population growth almost exclusively Aboriginal and visible minority groups ■ EXPLANATIONS??? • IMMIGRATION • DISCRIMINATION • FOCUS ON CRIME COMMITTED BY LOW-INCOME GROUPS = OVER- REPRESENTATION
- 13. TORONTO: RACE AND CARDING
Editor's Notes
- The Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the bankruptcy of the Enron Corporation, an American energy company based in Houston, Texas, and the de facto dissolution of Arthur Andersen, which was one of the five largest audit andaccountancy partnerships in the world. In addition to being the largest bankruptcy reorganization in American history at that time, Enron was cited as the biggest audit failure.[1] Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. Several years later, when Jeffrey Skilling was hired, he developed a staff of executives that, by the use of accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting, were able to hide billions of dollars in debt from failed deals and projects. Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastowand other executives not only misled Enron's board of directors and audit committee on high-risk accounting practices, but also pressured Andersen to ignore the issues. Enron shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit after the company's stock price, which achieved a high of US$90.75 per share in mid-2000, plummeted to less than $1 by the end of November 2001. Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff (/ˈmeɪdɒf/;[1] born April 29, 1938) is an American fraudster and a former stockbroker,investment advisor, and financier. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market,[2] and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered to be the largest financial fraud in U.S. history.[3] On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars. Madoff said he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s. However, federal investigators believe the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s[16] and may have begun as far back as the 1970s.[17] Those charged with recovering the missing money believe the investment operation may never have been legitimate.[18] The amount missing from client accounts, including fabricated gains, was almost $65 billion.[19] The SIPC trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $18 billion.[18] On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum allowed.[20][21] In a May 4, 2011, statement, trustee Picard said that the total fictitious amounts owed to customers (with some adjustments) were $57 billion, of which $17.3 billion was actually invested by the customers. $7.6 billion has been recovered, but pending lawsuits, only $2.6 billion is available to repay victims.[93] If all the recovered funds are returned to victims, their net loss would be just under $10 billion.
- although they account for about 2% of the population in Canada, Blacks make up 6% of offenders
- Increased immigration Discrimination by justice system against minority groups May be unintentional but nonetheless apparent Justice system focuses on types of crimes committed by ppl from low-income groups rather than on white collar crimes so members of low income are overrepresented in crime states
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=II-MGxnnOi0 Symbolic interactionist – socialized to accept inequality