This document provides an introduction to genetics. It discusses how genetics is the study of heredity and variation. Key figures who contributed to genetics are mentioned, including Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, and scientists who confirmed that DNA is the genetic material like Oswald Avery. The main branches and scopes of genetics are also outlined, such as cytogenetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and proteomics. Different methods for genetic study are described, including pedigree analysis, karyotyping, planned experimental breeding, and twin studies. The document concludes with discussing applications of genetics in fields like medicine, agriculture, and genetic counseling.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS
By:
Samantha Rose Bernardo
Vanessa Celine Gabaldon
AAPD2F

2. What is Genetics?
 It is the science that deals with the study of heredity
and variation.
 GENETICS came from the word gen, genetikos
meaning generative and genesis meaning
beginning.
HEREDITY: transmission of traits from parent to
offspring.
VARIATION: similarities and differences

3. Scientists Who Contributed in
Genetics

4. CHARLES DARWIN
Idea of natural evolution
Origin of Species
 Pangenesis Theory

5. ARISTOTLE
also contributed in
Pangenesis Theory
gemmules

6. GREGOR MENDEL
 Father of modern Genetics
 He used Pisum Sativum
(Graden Pea) in his study.
 There are 7 characteristics
of pea in his study
 LAW: Mendelian Laws of
Inheritance (Law of
Segragation and
Independent Assortment)

7. WHO DUPLICATED THE WORK
OF MENDEL
(1900)

8. CARL CORRENS

9. HUGO DE VRIES

10. ERICH VON ISCHERMAK

11. FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
 He said that within the
chromosomes, there is weak
acid.

12. WILLIAM HENRY SUTTON
 Affiliated the behavior of
chromosomes to the genes.

13. SCIENTISTS WHO
CONFIRMED DNA

14. OSWALD AVERY

15. COLIN MUNRO MACLEOD

16. MACLYN McCARTY

17. ROSALIND FRANKLIN
 Gave an idea that the structure of
DNA is a helical structure.

18. SCOPE AND BRANCHES

19. CYTOGENETICS
 Science that deals with the physical basic of heredity
(cell)
MOLECULAR GENETICS
 Chemical basis of heredity
 Newest and most advanced field of Genetics

20. BRANCHES OF MOLECULAR
GENETICS
GENOMICS
 Study of genes of an organism
PROTEONICS
 study of proteins coming from DNA replication.

21. CLASSICAL GENETICS
 Study of analysis of offspring to mating (parents to
offspring)
POPULATION GENETICS
 Deals with the transmission of trait with a large group
of individual through a passage of time.
BEHAVIORAL GENETICS
 Study of behavior of an organism.

22. BEHAVIORAL GENETICS
 Study of behavior of an organism.

23. METHODS OF GENETIC STUDY
1. Pedigree Analysis
 Transmission of trait through the use of
pedigree.
 Pictorial representation
2. Karyotyping
 Detect chromosomal abnormality
 karyogram/ karyotype (pictorial representation
of chromosomes)

24. 3. Planned Experimental Breeding
 Dominant trait- can be seen and manifested
trait.
 Recessive- hidden trait
 Homozygous- two identical alleles
 Heterozygous- two unidentical alleles
4. Twin Study
 Study of twins

25. Kinds of Twins:
Praternal- Dizygotic twin
Identical- Monozygotic twin
Concordance twin(praternal)- possess a trait
or do not or both
Disconcordance(identical)- if one possesses
the other is not.
5. Statistical Analysis
 Make use of several data
 Use for population data

26. 2 Kinds of Hypothesis
Null
 Negative guess
Alternative
 Positive guess

27. GENETIC ENGINEERING
Key factor for biotechnology
Come up with a desirable trait
Manipulating a certain trait

28. APPLICATION OF GENETICS
1. Field of Medicine
2. Agriculture/Food Production/Industry
3. Legal Application
4. Genetic Counseling
5. Genetic Code

29. The End