Plant cell, animal cell, cell structure, cell organelles, and their functions. difference between plant and animal cells. Mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, chromosomes, chromatin, biology, zoology botany, life science. O level notes

1. Cell And
Structure Of
Cell

2. Plant Cell
Plant cell is any type of cell
that comes from an organism
belonging to kingdom plantae.

3. Structure Of
Plant Cell

4. Animal Cell
• Animal cell is any type of cell that
comes from an organism belonging
to kingdom animalia

5. Main
parts of
cells
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Chloroplast
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Chromosomes
• Vacuole
• Centrioles

6. Cell
Membrane
• A thin permeable membrane
that surrounds the cytoplasm
of a cell, enclosing its
content.
• Allow movement of material
or substances both inward
and outward.

7. Cell Wall
• Outer covering of cell
• Protective semi-permeable
membrane
• Give shape to the cell
• Made up of cellulose
• Present only in plant cells

8. Nucleus
• The nucleus is a membrane
bounded structure, that contains
cell’s hereditary information the
cell’s growth and reproduction.
• Parts of nucleus
• Nucleoplasm
• Nuclear envelope. Separates
nucleus from surrounding
cytoplasm
• Chromatin. Network of thread
like structure containing
hereditary materials.

9. Nucleus
• Chromosomes. Condensed and coiled chromatin.
• Nucleoli. Spherical structure within the nucleus. Plays part in building
proteins.
• Functions of Nucleus:
• Cell reproduction
• Essential for continuity of life
• Protein production
• Cells without nucleus die early

10. Cytoplasm
• Gell like substance within the cell membrane
containing:
• Water
• Enzymes
• Salts
• Organelles
• Various organic molecules
• Larger part of the cell
• It contains some important organelles
• Mitochondria
• Ribosmes
• Endoplasmic reticulum

11. What are organelles?
• This is highly organized
structure found with in a cell,
i.e; a subcellular structure
found with in a cell.

12. Mitochondria
• Small spherical or rod-shaped organelles
• Known as powerhouse of cells
• Released energy in the form of ATP
(adenosine triphosphate)
• Energy carrying molecules found in all
living things
• ATPs are like batteries in cells.
• Provide energy for vital activities

13. Chloroplast
• Sites of photosynthesis
• Contains chlorophyll

14. Vacuole
• A fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane.
• Animal cells may have a small vacuole, while plant cells have large
central vacuole.
• Provide support and participates in variety of cellular functions
including:
• Storage
• Detoxification
• Protection
• Growth

15. Vacuole
• Cell Sap in plant cells
• Contains dissolved
substances
• Sugar, mineral salts
and amino acids.
• Membrane surrounding
vacuole is called
tonoplast

16. Centrioles
• A pair of tiny structures close to the
nucleus
• Play role in cell divion
• Present only in animal cells.

17. Difference
between
plant and
animal cell
• Have cell wall
• Have regular shape
• Have chloroplast
• Have large central vacuole
• Do not have centrioles
Plant cells
• Do not have cell wall
• Do not have regular shape
• Do not have chloroplast
• Have small vacuole
• Have centrioles
Animal Cells

18. Specialized/Modified cell
• Root Hair Cell:
• To absorb water and
minerals.
• Finger-like projection
• Increases surface
area for absorption.
• Has a larger vacuole
to store more H2O.

19. Red blood cell:
• To carry/transport oxygen.
• Packed with haemoglobin (red pigment).
• No nucleus.
• Biconcave shape.

20. Xylem vessels:
• To transport H2O and
minerals.
• Supporting plant body.