plant growth regulators

1. 1
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Subject : pharmacognosy
Prepared by : Urooj Umer
TOPIC :
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

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NATURAL GROWTH REGULATORS
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are the molecules that influence the development of
plants and are generally active at low concentrations Plant hormones control all
aspects of plant growth and development. These are also called plant hormones.
NATURAL
GROWTH
REGULATORS
ACTIONS USES FUNCTIONS
AUXINS Promote stem
elongation.
Inhibit the growth of
lateral buds.
Responsible for
phototropism
Play an important
role in apical
dominance.
Used in agriculture
and horticulture.
Commercially IAA is
used to promote the
growth of
adventitious roots
and detached
leaves.
Promote normal fruit
development.
Stimulate cell
elongation
Stimulate differentiation
of xylem and phloem.
Delay leaf senescence
Inhibit the growth of
lateral buds.
Promote root initiation
on stem cuttings
Promote lateral
development in tissue
culture.
GIBBERELLINS Acts by inducing the
activity of
glycogenic
enzymes.
Induces the
synthesis of
hydrolytic enzymes
e.g. alpha amylase.
Mobilizes seed
storage reserves.
Overcomes seed
dormancy.
Increase the malting
of barley.
Increase the
sugarcane yield.
Increase fruit
production.
Mixture of GA4 and
GA7 used to
enhance seed
production.
Stem elongation.
Bolting.
Seed germination.
Breaking of seed
dormancy.
Increasing fruit size.
Stimulate flowering.
Delayed ripening.
Malting.
Types of growth Natural growth regulators
Regulators
Synthetic growth regulators

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ETHYLENE
Involves in signal
transduction.
Involves in fruit
ripening .
Involved in shoot
growth.
Helps the fruit to fall.
Some fruits
produce ethylene as
they ripen.
Stimulates the
enzymes that
breakdown the cell
wall, chlorophyll,.
Convert starch to
sugars .
Make the fruit soft and
ripe and readyto eat.
Stimulates rootand shoot
differentiation.
Flowerripening.
Fruit ripening.
Floweropening.
Stimulates the release of
dormancy.
Role in adventitious root formation.
Stimulates leaves flower and fruit
abscission.
Involves the colordevelopmentof
fruits.
ABSICIC ACID
Produce in response
to stress.
Inhibits stimulatory
effects of other
hormones.
Inhibits cell division
in vascular
cambium.
Inhibits shoot
growth.
It is used in agriculture
Induces dormancyin
leaves , shoots and
underground stems.
Reduces the
transcription to greater
extend.
Conserves water and
reduce irrigation.
Inhibits the growth in response to
light and temperature
Maintains dormancyofseeds.
Controls the opening and closing
of stomata.
Inhibits seed germination and
development.
CYTOKININS Involved in cell
division.
Root
morphogenesis.
Regulate auxiliary
bud.
Increase mitosis.
Cytokinins are
used to preventripe
fruit from ageing
To control tissue
developmentin micro
propagation
Promotes cell division.
Morphogenesis
Lateral bud development
Delay the senescence
Stomatal opening
Rapid transport in xylem stream.

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SYNTHETIC PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
SYNTHETIC PLANT
GROWTH
REGULATORS
ACTIONS USES FUCTIONS
NAA
(naphthalene acetic
acid)
It induces uniform
flowering.
Causes fruit setting.
NAA is a synthetic is an
ingredientin many
commercialplantrooting
horticultural products it is
a rooting agentand used
for the vegetative
propagation ofplants
from stem and leaf
cuttings.
It is also used for plant
tissue culture.
Induces rooting of cutting
Involved in potato sprouting
Helped in natural fruit setting.
2,4-D
(Dichlorophenoxy
acetic acid)
2,4-D acts by
mimicking the action
of the auxin,which
results in
uncontrolled growth
and eventually death
in susceptible plants.
Primarily used as a
selective herbicide which
kills manyterrestrial and
aquatic broadleafweeds.
Unsustainable growth ensues,
causing stem curl-over, leaf
withering, and eventual plant
death.
REFRENCES
https://www.google.com/search?q=synthetic+plant+growth+regulators&sxsrf=ALeKk026N
BtpfUpzW9a4fs1NT_I9MAiTtQ:1589225412536&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2a
hUKEwj3h
https://www.google.com/search?q=synthetic+plant+growth+regulators&sxsrf=ALeKk026N
BtpfUpzW9a4fs1NT_I9MAiTtQ:1589225412536&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2a
hUKEwj3h
https://www.slideshare.net/SudheerKandibanda/plant-growth-regulators-56599895
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01abJ7dpVYDurt7h3x78ni9JUQbrw%3A158
9224864737&ei=oKW5XpDCLIWXlwTw6ILwBQ&q=commercial+uses+of+cytokinins&o
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