Ubaid afzal (1)
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Plant tissue culture is a technique used to grow plant cells or tissues in sterile conditions with a nutrient culture medium. It is commonly used for plants that are difficult to grow from seeds, such as orchids. The process involves 3 main stages: initiation, multiplication, and root formation. In initiation, explant tissue is sterilized and placed in culture. In multiplication, the tissue proliferates into multiple shoots. In root formation, hormones induce root growth to form complete plantlets. Careful sterilization and media preparation are required for success.
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tissue culture hybridization
Plant tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, uses sterilized plant parts or seeds placed in sterile containers with nutrient-rich gel medium to propagate plants. The explants are prevented from infection by microorganisms during rooting or multiplying. Exact copies of donor plants can be created using this method, which is useful for cloning plants with desirable traits faster than traditional propagation. The process involves establishing an aseptic culture, multiplying propagules, preparing propagules for soil transfer, and establishing plants in soil. Tissue culture allows for rapid multiplication of plants from a single explant in a brief period.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
History of plant tissue culture
Cell and tissue culture refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or plant parts in a sterile nutrient medium in vitro. The history of cell and tissue culture began with Haberlandt in 1898, who first cultured single plant cells and proposed the concept of totipotency. Significant milestones included the discovery of growth regulators like auxin in the 1930s-1940s and development of the MS medium in 1962, allowing continuous cell growth and differentiation in vitro. This led to advances like anther culture in 1964, protoplast isolation in the 1960s, and the first regenerated plant from protoplasts in 1971.
Plant tissue culture
Callus and meristem culture are tissue culture techniques used to grow plant cells or tissues under sterile conditions. Callus culture involves growing an unorganized mass of cells from isolated plant parts on nutrient media supplemented with hormones. Meristem culture uses the apical meristem to regenerate whole plants and is effective for eliminating viruses. Both techniques require aseptically preparing explant tissues, using suitable growth media and hormones, and incubating cultures under controlled conditions to initiate cell growth. The cultured tissues can be used to regenerate plants, preserve endangered species, and produce plants resistant to diseases.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, and organs under sterile conditions. The history of plant tissue culture began in the 1830s with theories of cell totipotency. Significant developments included the discovery of plant growth regulators in the 1920s-1940s and the development of plant cell differentiation and somatic embryogenesis in the 1950s-1960s. There are several types of plant tissue culture including shoot culture, callus culture, embryo culture, and meristem culture. Applications include germplasm conservation, large-scale production, disease eradication, genetic engineering, and more. The advantages are rapid propagation, disease-free plants, year-round growth, and conservation of endangered
Source of Microbes & Enzyme Immobilization
Originally isolated from nature, but increasingly "improved" by genetic manipulation via mutagenesis and selection or recombinant DNA technology or protoplast fusion (fungi)
plant tissue culture ppt
Biodiversity refers to variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. Madhya Pradesh has high biodiversity with 30.72% forest cover across 17 forest communities containing 35 tree species. In Indore, most species are vulnerable, threatened, or of least concern while 14% of species are data deficient and 2% are extinct in the wild. Biodiversity loss is increasing due to human activity like habitat loss and climate change. Conservation methods include protected areas, tissue culture of endangered plants, reducing climate change impacts, and education. Tissue culture involves culturing cells or tissues in a nutrient medium and has principles of totipotency and plasticity. It is a method to propagate plants rapidly.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves culturing small plant pieces (explants) in sterile nutrient medium. The history of plant tissue culture began in 1902 with Haberlandt's experiments culturing single plant cells. Basic facilities for plant tissue culture include sterile equipment, media preparation and storage, aseptic manipulation of plant material, and controlled growth conditions. Sterilization of all materials, including glassware, media, instruments, and plant tissues, is essential to maintain aseptic conditions and prevent microbial contamination. Common sterilization methods include autoclaving, dry heat, filtration, chemicals, and surface sterilization of plant tissues.
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tissue culture hybridization
Plant tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, uses sterilized plant parts or seeds placed in sterile containers with nutrient-rich gel medium to propagate plants. The explants are prevented from infection by microorganisms during rooting or multiplying. Exact copies of donor plants can be created using this method, which is useful for cloning plants with desirable traits faster than traditional propagation. The process involves establishing an aseptic culture, multiplying propagules, preparing propagules for soil transfer, and establishing plants in soil. Tissue culture allows for rapid multiplication of plants from a single explant in a brief period.
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
History of plant tissue culture
Cell and tissue culture refers to growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or plant parts in a sterile nutrient medium in vitro. The history of cell and tissue culture began with Haberlandt in 1898, who first cultured single plant cells and proposed the concept of totipotency. Significant milestones included the discovery of growth regulators like auxin in the 1930s-1940s and development of the MS medium in 1962, allowing continuous cell growth and differentiation in vitro. This led to advances like anther culture in 1964, protoplast isolation in the 1960s, and the first regenerated plant from protoplasts in 1971.
Plant tissue culture
Callus and meristem culture are tissue culture techniques used to grow plant cells or tissues under sterile conditions. Callus culture involves growing an unorganized mass of cells from isolated plant parts on nutrient media supplemented with hormones. Meristem culture uses the apical meristem to regenerate whole plants and is effective for eliminating viruses. Both techniques require aseptically preparing explant tissues, using suitable growth media and hormones, and incubating cultures under controlled conditions to initiate cell growth. The cultured tissues can be used to regenerate plants, preserve endangered species, and produce plants resistant to diseases.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, and organs under sterile conditions. The history of plant tissue culture began in the 1830s with theories of cell totipotency. Significant developments included the discovery of plant growth regulators in the 1920s-1940s and the development of plant cell differentiation and somatic embryogenesis in the 1950s-1960s. There are several types of plant tissue culture including shoot culture, callus culture, embryo culture, and meristem culture. Applications include germplasm conservation, large-scale production, disease eradication, genetic engineering, and more. The advantages are rapid propagation, disease-free plants, year-round growth, and conservation of endangered
Source of Microbes & Enzyme Immobilization
Originally isolated from nature, but increasingly "improved" by genetic manipulation via mutagenesis and selection or recombinant DNA technology or protoplast fusion (fungi)
plant tissue culture ppt
Biodiversity refers to variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. Madhya Pradesh has high biodiversity with 30.72% forest cover across 17 forest communities containing 35 tree species. In Indore, most species are vulnerable, threatened, or of least concern while 14% of species are data deficient and 2% are extinct in the wild. Biodiversity loss is increasing due to human activity like habitat loss and climate change. Conservation methods include protected areas, tissue culture of endangered plants, reducing climate change impacts, and education. Tissue culture involves culturing cells or tissues in a nutrient medium and has principles of totipotency and plasticity. It is a method to propagate plants rapidly.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves culturing small plant pieces (explants) in sterile nutrient medium. The history of plant tissue culture began in 1902 with Haberlandt's experiments culturing single plant cells. Basic facilities for plant tissue culture include sterile equipment, media preparation and storage, aseptic manipulation of plant material, and controlled growth conditions. Sterilization of all materials, including glassware, media, instruments, and plant tissues, is essential to maintain aseptic conditions and prevent microbial contamination. Common sterilization methods include autoclaving, dry heat, filtration, chemicals, and surface sterilization of plant tissues.
Plant tissue culture general introduction
To achieve the target of creating a new plant or a plant with desired characteristics, tissue culture is often coupled with recombinant DNA technology. The techniques of plant tissue culture have largely helped in the green revolution by improving the crop yield and quality.
The knowledge obtained from plant tissue cultures has contributed to our understanding of metabolism, growth, differentiation and morphogenesis of plant cells. Further, developments in tissue culture have helped to produce several pathogen-free plants, besides the synthesis of many biologically important compounds, including pharmaceuticals. Because of the wide range of applications, plant tissue culture attracts the attention of molecular biologists, plant breeders and industrialists.
History of plant tissue culture
The history of plant tissue culture began with Gottlieb Haberlandt in the late 19th century, who was the first to experiment with isolated plant cells but failed to grow them. In the early 20th century, scientists like Haning and Laibach made progress growing plant embryos in culture. Major advances occurred in the 1930s-40s with the discovery of auxins, cytokinins, and vitamins important for growth. Scientists like Skoog, Miller, and Murashige developed defined media that enabled rapid progress in tissue culture techniques. Today, tissue culture is important for cloning plants, regenerating genetically modified plants, and multiplying stocks free of diseases.
Cultivation, collection,storage of crude drugs
The document discusses various methods for cultivating, collecting, processing, and storing crude drugs from medicinal plants. It covers topics like cultivation methods (vegetative propagation, sexual propagation, micropropagation), collection guidelines, drying techniques, and storage best practices. The goal is to obtain high quality plant materials and finished herbal products by following proper procedures at each step.
Introduction to: Plant Tissue Culture
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture techniques. It defines plant tissue culture as growing plant cells, organs or tissues in a sterile environment with nutrient media. The key requirements for plant tissue culture are appropriate explant tissue, a suitable growth medium, aseptic conditions, growth regulators, and frequent sub-culturing. Plant tissue culture has advantages over working with intact plants like enabling large-scale growth and genetic modification. The document discusses regeneration methods like shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis that allow developing whole plants from cultured cells or tissues. It also covers the stages of micropropagation including multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization of plantlets.
In vitro pollen germination in citrus
This document summarizes two studies on in vitro pollen germination in citrus plants. The first study examined the optimal temperature for pollen germination and stigma receptiveness in three orange cultivars. It found that 25C was the optimal temperature for pollen germination, and that two cultivars could be manually pollinated at the balloon stage while one cultivar was best pollinated at the open flower stage. The second study assessed pollen viability and germination in seven lemon varieties using TTC staining and in vitro culture. It determined that 20-25% sucrose concentration optimized pollen germination, and that staining tests only provide a rough estimate of viability while culture allows determining exact viable pollen amounts.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions. It allows for the mass production of clones of plants with desirable traits. The key aspects of plant tissue culture are maintaining sterile conditions on a nutrient medium, and providing proper aeration. Common types of plant tissue culture include callus culture, single cell culture, root tip culture, shoot tip culture, and anther culture. Plant tissue culture has many applications for plant conservation, breeding, and production of secondary metabolites.
Plant tissue culture
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including its definition, history, advantages, disadvantages, and procedures. Some key points:
- Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. It allows for the production of metabolites and regeneration of whole plants.
- The history of plant tissue culture dates back to the 19th century with early work on cell theory. Significant developments occurred throughout the 20th century, including the discovery of plant growth hormones and establishment of callus culture.
- Advantages include availability of raw materials, disease-free propagation, biosynthetic pathway studies, while disadvantages include requiring expertise, instability, and slow growth.
- Proced
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues or organs in sterile conditions on nutrient media. Some key points:
- Callus culture involves growing an unorganized cell mass (callus) from explants on auxin-cytokinin media, which can then be used for micropropagation.
- Cell suspension culture breaks up callus into single cells that grow in liquid media, allowing for easier scaling up than callus.
- Micropropagation is the process of rapidly multiplying plant materials like shoots, roots or embryos in culture to produce many clonal copies of plant materials like orchids or strawberries.
- Protoplast isolation and culture allows the transfer of genes directly into plant cells without the
Plant tissue culture
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture. It discusses the historical development of plant tissue culture, nutritional requirements for growth, different types of cultures including callus, suspension, and protoplast cultures. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy are described, such as micropropagation of endangered plants and production of secondary metabolites. Edible vaccines produced through plant tissue culture are also introduced.
Introduction of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture provides several benefits for studying plant growth and development. It allows scientists to isolate plant parts and culture them in vitro, simplifying the study of controlling influences. Some key applications of plant tissue culture include clonal propagation of disease-free plants, studying plant cells' ability to regenerate whole plants from cultured cells, producing genetic variability through somaclonal variation, regenerating plants from pollen to create haploids, and rescuing hybrid embryos. Plant tissue culture also enables fundamental biological research, production of high-value biochemicals, and generation of transgenic plants.
Tissue Culture
1. Plant tissue culture is a set of techniques used to propagate plants under sterile conditions on artificial nutrient media.
2. Meristematic cells have the ability to differentiate into all plant cell types and can be used to regenerate an entire plant through tissue culture techniques.
3. The basic steps of micropropagation include sterilization, establishment of explants on nutrient media, shoot multiplication, and rooting to regenerate whole plants that can be hardened off and transferred to soil conditions.
Cultivation, isolation, processing, and storage of the drugs from natural origin
1) Cultivation of medicinal plants ensures quality, purity and regular supply by maintaining uniform growth conditions and avoiding contamination. It also leads to related industries.
2) Medicinal plants can be propagated through sexual methods using seeds or asexual methods like cuttings, grafting and layering. Factors like temperature, soil type and fertility affect the cultivation.
3) Chemical fertilizers supply essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to increase plant productivity, while manures also fortify the soil. Proper cultivation techniques help produce high quality medicinal plants.
Plant tissue culture
Here, all information about Plant Tissue Culture
HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
THE TECHNIQUE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plantlet Regeneration and Transfer to Soil
A Classification of Tissue Culture Techniques
EMBRYO CULTURE
MERISTEM CULTURE
ANTHER OR POLLEN CULTURE
TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES
SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
PPT on Tissue Culture Class 10 CBSE Text Book NCERT.
This is a PPT Based on Class 10 Chapter How Do Organisms Reproduce, on a Small Topic of it That is Tissue Culture with easy and detailed explanation of each topic of tissue culture along with some pictures and some examples. Hopefully it Would Be Helpful To You. Thank You.
Plant tissue culture
This document provides information about plant tissue culture techniques. It discusses that plant tissue culture involves culturing small explant tissues in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. With the addition of hormones, new shoots and roots can be induced to grow from explants. Tissue culture is used for micropropagation to produce clones of plants. Single plant cells also have the ability to regenerate into whole plants given the right conditions. The document outlines the composition of solid and liquid culture media, different tissue culture techniques, types of culture, advantages, applications and nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture.
Plant tissue culture Pharmacy
This document provides information about plant tissue culture. It begins with definitions of plant tissue culture and its goals of producing metabolites or regenerating plants. It then discusses the historical development and different types of cultures, including static callus culture, suspension culture, and organ culture focusing on roots, shoots, leaves and flowers. The document emphasizes that plant tissue culture involves cultivating excised plant tissues in a defined nutrient medium under sterile conditions to produce substances or regenerate plants.
History Of Plant Tissue Culture
The document provides a history of major developments in plant biotechnology and plant tissue culture from 1902 to 1988. Some key developments include Gottlieb Haberlandt's discovery of plant totipotency in 1902, the development of plant tissue culture techniques in the 1930s-40s using nutrient solutions and growth regulators like auxin, the development of plant regeneration from tissue culture in the 1950s, and the first transgenic plants produced in the 1980s using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment methods. The history shows how plant tissue culture evolved from basic experiments isolating and culturing plant cells to applications in plant breeding, pathology, and genetic engineering.
Over Review on Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture has been widely employed in area of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and plant breeding. It is an applied biotechnology used for mass propagation, virus elimination, secondary metabolite production and in vitro cloning of plants. Recently, plant tissue culture has been used for the conservation of endangered plant species through short and medium term conservation also known as slow growth and cryopreservation also known as long term conservation. These methods had been effectively used to conserve plant species with recalcitrant seeds or dormant seeds and showed greater advantage over the conventional methods of conservation. At present plant cell culture has made great advances. Possibly the most significant role that plant cell culture has to play in the future will be in its association with transgenic plants. The ability to accelerate the conventional multiplication rate can be of great benefit to many crops countries where a disease or some climatic disaster wipes out crops. Mr. Rohan R. Vakhariya | Rutuja R. Shah "Over Review on Plant Tissue Culture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29619.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/29619/over-review-on-plant-tissue-culture/mr-rohan-r-vakhariya
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, involves growing plant cells, tissues or organs in a sterile nutrient medium. It allows for the fast commercial propagation of new plant cultivars. The first commercial use was growing orchids in the 1920s, but the field greatly expanded after Murashige and Skoog developed a reliable growth medium in 1962. The process involves taking an explant from a mother plant, growing a callus of undifferentiated cells in culture, and inducing those cells to regenerate into whole plants. Key components of plant tissue culture media include minerals, carbon and energy sources, growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins, vitamins, and organic compounds.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves cultivating plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It relies on the totipotency and plasticity of plant cells. Explant material is surface sterilized and transferred to nutrient medium containing sugars, salts, vitamins, and plant growth regulators. Under the right conditions, callus tissue will form and develop into shoots and roots, allowing for the regeneration of whole plants through micropropagation. Plant tissue culture has many advantages, including the ability to rapidly produce large numbers of genetically identical plants, recover healthy plants from diseased stock, and develop new varieties through genetic engineering techniques.
Tissue culture
Describes tissue and it's types. Animal tissue culture their procedure and applications. Plant tissue culture their procedure and applications.
Tissue culture terminology.pptx
The document discusses the history and techniques of plant tissue culture. It begins with early experiments in the 1830s culturing plant cells outside of their natural environment. Significant developments include the discovery of growth hormones auxin and cytokinin in the 1950s, and the development of the Murashige and Skoog medium in 1962. The document outlines the basic requirements and procedures for plant tissue culture, including selecting an explant, preparing sterile media, inoculation, incubation, sub-culturing, and transferring plantlets. Applications include rapid clonal propagation, inducing mutations, producing disease-free plants, and conserving rare species.
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Plant tissue culture general introduction
To achieve the target of creating a new plant or a plant with desired characteristics, tissue culture is often coupled with recombinant DNA technology. The techniques of plant tissue culture have largely helped in the green revolution by improving the crop yield and quality.
The knowledge obtained from plant tissue cultures has contributed to our understanding of metabolism, growth, differentiation and morphogenesis of plant cells. Further, developments in tissue culture have helped to produce several pathogen-free plants, besides the synthesis of many biologically important compounds, including pharmaceuticals. Because of the wide range of applications, plant tissue culture attracts the attention of molecular biologists, plant breeders and industrialists.
History of plant tissue culture
The history of plant tissue culture began with Gottlieb Haberlandt in the late 19th century, who was the first to experiment with isolated plant cells but failed to grow them. In the early 20th century, scientists like Haning and Laibach made progress growing plant embryos in culture. Major advances occurred in the 1930s-40s with the discovery of auxins, cytokinins, and vitamins important for growth. Scientists like Skoog, Miller, and Murashige developed defined media that enabled rapid progress in tissue culture techniques. Today, tissue culture is important for cloning plants, regenerating genetically modified plants, and multiplying stocks free of diseases.
Cultivation, collection,storage of crude drugs
The document discusses various methods for cultivating, collecting, processing, and storing crude drugs from medicinal plants. It covers topics like cultivation methods (vegetative propagation, sexual propagation, micropropagation), collection guidelines, drying techniques, and storage best practices. The goal is to obtain high quality plant materials and finished herbal products by following proper procedures at each step.
Introduction to: Plant Tissue Culture
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture techniques. It defines plant tissue culture as growing plant cells, organs or tissues in a sterile environment with nutrient media. The key requirements for plant tissue culture are appropriate explant tissue, a suitable growth medium, aseptic conditions, growth regulators, and frequent sub-culturing. Plant tissue culture has advantages over working with intact plants like enabling large-scale growth and genetic modification. The document discusses regeneration methods like shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis that allow developing whole plants from cultured cells or tissues. It also covers the stages of micropropagation including multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization of plantlets.
In vitro pollen germination in citrus
This document summarizes two studies on in vitro pollen germination in citrus plants. The first study examined the optimal temperature for pollen germination and stigma receptiveness in three orange cultivars. It found that 25C was the optimal temperature for pollen germination, and that two cultivars could be manually pollinated at the balloon stage while one cultivar was best pollinated at the open flower stage. The second study assessed pollen viability and germination in seven lemon varieties using TTC staining and in vitro culture. It determined that 20-25% sucrose concentration optimized pollen germination, and that staining tests only provide a rough estimate of viability while culture allows determining exact viable pollen amounts.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions. It allows for the mass production of clones of plants with desirable traits. The key aspects of plant tissue culture are maintaining sterile conditions on a nutrient medium, and providing proper aeration. Common types of plant tissue culture include callus culture, single cell culture, root tip culture, shoot tip culture, and anther culture. Plant tissue culture has many applications for plant conservation, breeding, and production of secondary metabolites.
Plant tissue culture
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including its definition, history, advantages, disadvantages, and procedures. Some key points:
- Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. It allows for the production of metabolites and regeneration of whole plants.
- The history of plant tissue culture dates back to the 19th century with early work on cell theory. Significant developments occurred throughout the 20th century, including the discovery of plant growth hormones and establishment of callus culture.
- Advantages include availability of raw materials, disease-free propagation, biosynthetic pathway studies, while disadvantages include requiring expertise, instability, and slow growth.
- Proced
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues or organs in sterile conditions on nutrient media. Some key points:
- Callus culture involves growing an unorganized cell mass (callus) from explants on auxin-cytokinin media, which can then be used for micropropagation.
- Cell suspension culture breaks up callus into single cells that grow in liquid media, allowing for easier scaling up than callus.
- Micropropagation is the process of rapidly multiplying plant materials like shoots, roots or embryos in culture to produce many clonal copies of plant materials like orchids or strawberries.
- Protoplast isolation and culture allows the transfer of genes directly into plant cells without the
Plant tissue culture
This document provides an overview of plant tissue culture. It discusses the historical development of plant tissue culture, nutritional requirements for growth, different types of cultures including callus, suspension, and protoplast cultures. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy are described, such as micropropagation of endangered plants and production of secondary metabolites. Edible vaccines produced through plant tissue culture are also introduced.
Introduction of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture provides several benefits for studying plant growth and development. It allows scientists to isolate plant parts and culture them in vitro, simplifying the study of controlling influences. Some key applications of plant tissue culture include clonal propagation of disease-free plants, studying plant cells' ability to regenerate whole plants from cultured cells, producing genetic variability through somaclonal variation, regenerating plants from pollen to create haploids, and rescuing hybrid embryos. Plant tissue culture also enables fundamental biological research, production of high-value biochemicals, and generation of transgenic plants.
Tissue Culture
1. Plant tissue culture is a set of techniques used to propagate plants under sterile conditions on artificial nutrient media.
2. Meristematic cells have the ability to differentiate into all plant cell types and can be used to regenerate an entire plant through tissue culture techniques.
3. The basic steps of micropropagation include sterilization, establishment of explants on nutrient media, shoot multiplication, and rooting to regenerate whole plants that can be hardened off and transferred to soil conditions.
Cultivation, isolation, processing, and storage of the drugs from natural origin
1) Cultivation of medicinal plants ensures quality, purity and regular supply by maintaining uniform growth conditions and avoiding contamination. It also leads to related industries.
2) Medicinal plants can be propagated through sexual methods using seeds or asexual methods like cuttings, grafting and layering. Factors like temperature, soil type and fertility affect the cultivation.
3) Chemical fertilizers supply essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to increase plant productivity, while manures also fortify the soil. Proper cultivation techniques help produce high quality medicinal plants.
Plant tissue culture
Here, all information about Plant Tissue Culture
HISTORY OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
THE TECHNIQUE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
Plantlet Regeneration and Transfer to Soil
A Classification of Tissue Culture Techniques
EMBRYO CULTURE
MERISTEM CULTURE
ANTHER OR POLLEN CULTURE
TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES
SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION
PPT on Tissue Culture Class 10 CBSE Text Book NCERT.
This is a PPT Based on Class 10 Chapter How Do Organisms Reproduce, on a Small Topic of it That is Tissue Culture with easy and detailed explanation of each topic of tissue culture along with some pictures and some examples. Hopefully it Would Be Helpful To You. Thank You.
Plant tissue culture
This document provides information about plant tissue culture techniques. It discusses that plant tissue culture involves culturing small explant tissues in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. With the addition of hormones, new shoots and roots can be induced to grow from explants. Tissue culture is used for micropropagation to produce clones of plants. Single plant cells also have the ability to regenerate into whole plants given the right conditions. The document outlines the composition of solid and liquid culture media, different tissue culture techniques, types of culture, advantages, applications and nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture.
Plant tissue culture Pharmacy
This document provides information about plant tissue culture. It begins with definitions of plant tissue culture and its goals of producing metabolites or regenerating plants. It then discusses the historical development and different types of cultures, including static callus culture, suspension culture, and organ culture focusing on roots, shoots, leaves and flowers. The document emphasizes that plant tissue culture involves cultivating excised plant tissues in a defined nutrient medium under sterile conditions to produce substances or regenerate plants.
History Of Plant Tissue Culture
The document provides a history of major developments in plant biotechnology and plant tissue culture from 1902 to 1988. Some key developments include Gottlieb Haberlandt's discovery of plant totipotency in 1902, the development of plant tissue culture techniques in the 1930s-40s using nutrient solutions and growth regulators like auxin, the development of plant regeneration from tissue culture in the 1950s, and the first transgenic plants produced in the 1980s using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment methods. The history shows how plant tissue culture evolved from basic experiments isolating and culturing plant cells to applications in plant breeding, pathology, and genetic engineering.
Over Review on Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture has been widely employed in area of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and plant breeding. It is an applied biotechnology used for mass propagation, virus elimination, secondary metabolite production and in vitro cloning of plants. Recently, plant tissue culture has been used for the conservation of endangered plant species through short and medium term conservation also known as slow growth and cryopreservation also known as long term conservation. These methods had been effectively used to conserve plant species with recalcitrant seeds or dormant seeds and showed greater advantage over the conventional methods of conservation. At present plant cell culture has made great advances. Possibly the most significant role that plant cell culture has to play in the future will be in its association with transgenic plants. The ability to accelerate the conventional multiplication rate can be of great benefit to many crops countries where a disease or some climatic disaster wipes out crops. Mr. Rohan R. Vakhariya | Rutuja R. Shah "Over Review on Plant Tissue Culture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29619.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/29619/over-review-on-plant-tissue-culture/mr-rohan-r-vakhariya
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, involves growing plant cells, tissues or organs in a sterile nutrient medium. It allows for the fast commercial propagation of new plant cultivars. The first commercial use was growing orchids in the 1920s, but the field greatly expanded after Murashige and Skoog developed a reliable growth medium in 1962. The process involves taking an explant from a mother plant, growing a callus of undifferentiated cells in culture, and inducing those cells to regenerate into whole plants. Key components of plant tissue culture media include minerals, carbon and energy sources, growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins, vitamins, and organic compounds.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves cultivating plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It relies on the totipotency and plasticity of plant cells. Explant material is surface sterilized and transferred to nutrient medium containing sugars, salts, vitamins, and plant growth regulators. Under the right conditions, callus tissue will form and develop into shoots and roots, allowing for the regeneration of whole plants through micropropagation. Plant tissue culture has many advantages, including the ability to rapidly produce large numbers of genetically identical plants, recover healthy plants from diseased stock, and develop new varieties through genetic engineering techniques.
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Cultivation, isolation, processing, and storage of the drugs from natural origin
Cultivation, isolation, processing, and storage of the drugs from natural origin
PPT on Tissue Culture Class 10 CBSE Text Book NCERT.
PPT on Tissue Culture Class 10 CBSE Text Book NCERT.
Similar to Ubaid afzal (1)
Tissue culture
Describes tissue and it's types. Animal tissue culture their procedure and applications. Plant tissue culture their procedure and applications.
Tissue culture terminology.pptx
The document discusses the history and techniques of plant tissue culture. It begins with early experiments in the 1830s culturing plant cells outside of their natural environment. Significant developments include the discovery of growth hormones auxin and cytokinin in the 1950s, and the development of the Murashige and Skoog medium in 1962. The document outlines the basic requirements and procedures for plant tissue culture, including selecting an explant, preparing sterile media, inoculation, incubation, sub-culturing, and transferring plantlets. Applications include rapid clonal propagation, inducing mutations, producing disease-free plants, and conserving rare species.
Tissue Culture its types and Applications By Samra Tahir
Plant tissue culture
Animal tissue culture
stages,types,summary,all facts and details of tissue culture.
https://www2.slideshare.net/Samratahir7/all-about-tissue-culture-by-samra-tahir
Micropropagation
1. Micropropagation is a process of rapidly multiplying plant materials using modern tissue culture methods. It involves 5 main stages - selection of stock plants, initiation and establishment of culture, multiplication of shoots, rooting of shoots, and establishment of plantlets.
2. There are 4 main approaches to micropropagation - multiplication by axillary buds/apical shoots, multiplication by adventitious shoots, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis. Each approach utilizes specific plant tissues and culture conditions.
3. Micropropagation has many applications including high rate propagation, production of disease-free plants, and generation of genetically modified plants. However, it also has disadvantages such as contamination, genetic variability, and vitrification of shoots.
Techniques of in vitro culture
1. The document discusses various techniques of in vitro plant tissue culture including organ culture, seed culture, meristem culture, embryo culture, ovary culture, anther culture, callus culture, cell suspension culture, and protoplast culture.
2. Key steps in in vitro culture include isolation of explant tissues, regeneration and callus formation, embryogenesis, and organogenesis.
3. Applications of these techniques include virus-free plant production, increasing seed germination efficiency, producing somatic embryos and haploid plants, enabling single cell studies, and facilitating somatic hybridization.
Plant disease management tissue culture techniques
In this presentation you will come about to know the various tissue culture practices which is present to eradicate the diseases which occurs in plants.
Ubaid afzal (11)
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile, nutrient environment. There are several types of plant tissue culture, including embryo culture (growing isolated embryos), callus culture (growing undifferentiated cell masses), organ culture (growing isolated organs like shoots or roots), and meristem culture (growing shoot tips to produce virus-free plants). Successful culture requires explants from in vitro plant sources or sterilized plant material and a nutrient gel or liquid medium supplemented with growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins.
Somatic embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis is the artificial process where an embryo develops from a somatic cell rather than a gamete. It does not involve fertilization or the formation of endosperm or a seed coat. The first observations of somatic embryogenesis were in carrot cells in 1958. Now it has been achieved in over 300 plant species. It is a valuable technique for rapid large scale propagation of plants, including for commercial and conservation purposes. The process involves four key steps - induction, maintenance, development and regeneration.
Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture and Propagation
This document provides an introduction to plant tissue culture and propagation prepared for third year biology students. It defines key terms related to plant tissue culture such as explant, callus, and nutrient medium. The document discusses the history and development of plant tissue culture techniques dating back to early experiments in the 1900s. It also covers the application of plant tissue culture for cloning plants, eliminating diseases, and producing metabolites, as well as factors that affect culture efficiency such as growth media, environmental conditions, and the explant source.
TISSUE CULTURE
This document summarizes plant tissue culture techniques. It discusses that plant tissue culture involves cultivating plant organs, tissues or cells in test tubes with artificial media. The basic requirements for plant tissue culture include aseptic conditions, temperature control, sub-culturing, and a proper culture medium. The techniques are grouped into embryo culture, meristem culture, anther or pollen culture, tissue and cell culture, and callus culture. Each technique has specific applications such as micropropagation, recovering virus-free stocks, and facilitating germplasm exchange and conservation. Crops that can be produced using these techniques include tomato, brinjal, potato, banana, orchids, and Chinese cabbage.
plant tissue culture.pptx
Plant tissue culture is a technique for growing plant cells, tissues or organs in a sterile nutrient medium. It relies on the principles of totipotency, where plant cells can regenerate into a whole plant, and plasticity, the ability of plants to alter their growth. Explants from various plant tissues are sterilized and placed on nutrient media like MS or B5 medium. Factors like genotype, explant source and media composition affect regeneration efficiency. Applications include commercial plant production, conserving endangered species, screening for traits and producing secondary metabolites.
Micropropagation
Micropropagation is the process of rapidly multiplying stock plant materials using modern tissue culture methods. It involves 5 main stages: selection of stock plants, initiation and establishment of culture, multiplication of shoots, rooting of shoots, and establishment of plantlets. The two main approaches are multiplication through axillary buds/apical shoots and adventitious shoots. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are also used, where organs or embryos are formed directly or indirectly from explants. Micropropagation is useful for cloning noble plants and providing sufficient plantlets from stock plants that do not produce many seeds or vegetatively propagate well.
MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 2, MPG, SEM 2.pptx
MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT 2, MPG, SEM 2. NOTES Different tissue culture techniques: Organogenesis and embryogenesis, synthetic seed and monoclonal variation
Protoplast fusion, Hairy root multiple shoot cultures and their applications.
Micro propagation of medicinal and aromatic plants.
Sterilization methods involved in tissue culture, gene transfer in plants and their applications.
basic principles and protocol in plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It allows for the rapid production of exact genetic copies of plants and is used to regenerate whole plants from genetically modified plant cells. The key requirements for successful tissue culture are appropriate explant tissue, a suitable growth medium, aseptic conditions to prevent microbial contamination, growth regulators, and frequent subculturing to provide nutrients and remove waste. The basic steps are selection of explant tissue from a healthy mother plant, sterilization of the tissue, establishment of the explant in a culture medium, multiplication through callus formation and shoot development, and root formation through manipulation of growth regulators. Benefits include providing pathogen-free plants
Cultivation pooja
Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs is important to ensure quality. Medicinal plants are cultivated and propagated through both sexual and asexual methods. They are collected at their peak quality times and processed through drying, cleaning, and other techniques. Proper storage in dry, pest-free facilities helps preserve the materials.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture involves growing tissues or cells separate from the original organism. There are two main types - plant tissue culture and animal tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is used to propagate plants using techniques like micropropagation that offer advantages over traditional propagation methods. It relies on the totipotency of plant cells. Animal tissue culture refers to culturing whole organs, tissues or dispersed cells in a nutrient medium and is used in research applications.
tissue culture hybridization
Tissue culture is a technique where small pieces of plant or animal tissue are cultured in a sterile medium outside of the organism. It was first developed in 1885 and has since been used extensively in medicine, agriculture, and research. It allows for the rapid duplication of plant materials while eliminating diseases and maintaining genetic traits. However, it requires specialized facilities and equipment and reduces genetic diversity.
Applications of plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture is a revolutionary technique in agriculture and plant biotechnology that allows for the genetic transformation of plants. Through precise cultivation methods and growth medium, plant cells, tissues, and organs can be induced to multiply and regenerate whole plants. A key application is clonal propagation, which uses totipotent cells that can regenerate entire plants for mass production of genetically desired traits. Common types of tissue culture include callus culture, cell suspension culture, protoplast isolation and culture, pollen/anther culture, and plant organ culture. Plant tissue culture has many applications including biotechnology research, horticultural propagation, production of secondary metabolites, controlling biological hazards, and increasing food production.
Tissue culture & applications
This document discusses tissue culture, which is the process of growing cells artificially in the laboratory. It can involve both plant and animal cells. The key requirements for tissue culture include appropriate tissue, a suitable growth medium, aseptic conditions, growth regulators, and frequent subculturing. For plant tissue culture, the main steps are selection of explant tissue, sterilization, establishment in culture medium, multiplication through callus formation, shoot formation, root formation, and hardening off planted shoots. Animal tissue culture differs in that serum is required in media and cultures pose biohazard risks. Uses of tissue culture include plant micropropagation, preserving endangered plants/animal cell lines, genetic modification, and providing cells for research.
Plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium. It allows for rapid multiplication of plant materials and production of genetically identical clones. Various types of explants can be used, including shoot tips, roots, leaves, and embryos. The explants are first sterilized and induced to form callus tissue on auxin-supplemented medium. Shoots and roots can be regenerated from callus using different hormone combinations. Somatic embryos can also be produced through tissue culture.
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Ubaid afzal (28)
This document discusses somaclonal variation, which is genetic variation seen in plants produced through plant tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements cause this variation. Somaclonal variation can be used by plant breeders to generate genetic diversity and develop plants with useful traits like stress tolerance or herbicide resistance. However, selected variants may be unstable or have undesirable side effects. The document provides examples of applying somaclonal variation to improve rice, wheat, maize, potato, tomato and sugarcane by selecting variants with traits like increased yield, disease resistance, or altered plant properties.
Ubaid afzal (35)
The document provides instructions for properly sterilizing work areas and equipment used for cell culture. Key steps include sterilizing the work area with 70% ethanol before and after use, sterilizing reagents and equipment via autoclave or sterile filters, and wearing proper protective equipment like gloves and masks to reduce contamination. Autoclaves use steam heat or dry heat to sterilize items at temperatures between 121-132C for 15-60 minutes depending on packaging. Sterile filters with a 0.2 micron pore size can sterilize heat-labile chemicals. Culture media can also be sterilized via microwaving.
Ubaid afzal (34)
1. Callus is an unorganized, dividing mass of cells that forms in plant tissues in response to wounding or tissue culture conditions.
2. The process of callus culture involves dedifferentiating explant cells so they begin rapidly dividing to form a callus, which then undergoes further differentiation and organization.
3. The document outlines the steps for inducing and maintaining carrot callus culture, including sterilizing and culturing explants on auxin-supplemented medium to induce callus formation over 4 weeks.
Ubaid afzal (33)
This document summarizes key developments in plant tissue culture from 1922 to 1983, including the first long-term culture of isolated plant tissues and organs, discoveries of nutrients necessary for growth, techniques for culturing single cells and tissues from various plant species, and the first production of transgenic tobacco plants through cell transformation.
Ubaid afzal (32)
Potato plants can be propagated in vitro using two methods: single node cuttings or shaken liquid culture. For single node cuttings, stem segments with a single node are placed on propagation medium and incubated to allow new plantlets to grow. Liquid shaken culture is more rapid, producing more plantlets in less time, by placing stem segments with axillary buds in a flask of liquid medium on an electric shaker. Tissue culture allows for the mass production of healthy potato plantlets for farmers and the testing of grower samples for pathogens.
Ubaid afzal (31)
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered using recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics. The process involves artificially inserting a gene or genes known as transgenes to provide advantages like improved yield, quality, pest resistance, and tolerance to stresses. Common methods are used to insert genes from bacteria like Agrobacterium and Bacillus thuringiensis to impart herbicide and insect resistance. This allows for benefits like longer shelf life, higher production, and protection from viruses and pests.
Ubaid afzal (30)
Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variations that can occur in plants produced through tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements are a major source of this variation, which can be genotypic or phenotypic. To minimize somaclonal variation, one should select high-quality parent material, minimize the number of transfers in culture, investigate stable families for micropropagation, keep subcultures to a minimum, regularly reinitiate clones from new explants, avoid long term culture, use axillary shoot systems, and regularly reinitiate clones from new explants. Avoiding the plant growth regulator 2,4-D in culture media can also help since it is known to introduce variation.
Ubaid afzal (29)
Plant tissue culture techniques involve two main methods: static culture using solid agar medium, which is easier for initial cell line maintenance and investigation of organ formation; and suspension cultures using liquid medium, which allows for higher growth rates and superior biomass control as cells are fully surrounded by nutrients. Key tools and techniques for plant tissue culture include sterilization using autoclaves, pH meters to monitor medium pH, laminar airflow benches for aseptic work, and various analytical tools like colorimeters and chromatography for biochemical analysis. Plant growth chambers are also used to control environmental factors like light, temperature, and humidity.
Ubaid afzal (27)
This document discusses plant tissue culture, which involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions using a nutrient culture medium. Plant tissue culture is used to produce clones of plants through a process called micropropagation. It describes how callus formation is induced from plant tissue samples by growing unorganized plant cells. The key equipment used includes conical containers, forceps, agar, sucrose, plant growth regulators, and an autoclave for sterilizing explants and equipment prior to culturing plant cells and tissues to form callus or entire new plants.
Ubaid afzal (26)
Somaclonal variations refer to genetic or phenotypic variations that arise in plants produced through tissue culture. These variations can be heritable or non-heritable. Heritable variations are caused by pre-existing mutations in somatic cells or new mutations during tissue culture. Non-heritable variations are temporary phenotypic changes caused by epigenetic effects. Somaclonal variations can arise due to physiological, genetic, or biochemical causes like exposure to plant growth regulators, changes in chromosome number or structure, gene mutations, changes in DNA or protein levels, or alterations in metabolic pathways. While somaclonal variations can help crop improvement, selected variants may be genetically unstable and require extensive testing.
Ubaid afzal (25)
Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells or tissues separately from the original plant, typically using liquid, solid, or semi-solid mediums. There are two main types of bud cultures used: single node culture and axillary bud culture. In single node culture, a bud with a small piece of stem is removed and cultured to develop into a new plantlet without added cytokinin. In axillary bud culture, a shoot tip containing axillary buds is cultured with high cytokinin levels, which stops apical dominance and promotes axillary bud growth. The optimal cytokinin to auxin ratio for axillary bud subculturing is typically around 10:1, but can vary depending on plant species and explant developmental stage
Ubaid afzal (24)
Root regeneration from callus can be achieved through tissue culture techniques. The process requires a callus formation from plant cells on nutrient-rich media supplemented with the appropriate phytohormones, especially auxins which play a central role in root regeneration. Upon the addition of auxins and cytokinins in precise concentrations, the callus undergoes de novo organogenesis to develop new roots through a process where adventitious roots regenerate from detached plant tissues.
Ubaid afzal (23)
Plant tissue culture is a technique to grow plant cells, tissues or organs in a sterile nutrient medium. It allows for cloning plants with desirable traits, rapid plant production without seeds, genetically modifying plants, and reducing disease. Explants are placed on solid culture media containing inorganic salts, organic nutrients, vitamins and plant hormones. Specific protocols describe sterilizing and culturing rice, sugarcane and cotton plant materials.
Ubaid afzal (22)
Heavy metals can cause toxicity and stress in plants. Some heavy metals like zinc and copper are necessary for plant growth, while others like cadmium, lead, and mercury have unknown biological functions. Heavy metals induce oxidative stress in plant cells, disrupting metabolism and growth. Plants can activate anti-oxidative enzymes to counteract reactive oxygen species and minimize the impacts of oxidative stress. Tissue culture is used to rapidly propagate genetically identical plants that can be grown in small spaces and used for phytoremediation strategies like phytoextraction and phytostabilization to reduce heavy metal levels or leaching in soil. Factors like plant species, soil pH, addition of chelators, and root zone absorption influence phyt
Ubaid afzal (21)
Plant tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, is the rapid multiplication of plant material using sterile tissue culture techniques. It allows for the production of many exact genetic copies of plants with desirable traits quickly and without the need for seeds or pollinators. However, it is an expensive and labor-intensive process, and there is a risk that diseases or abnormalities could infect or appear in the cloned plants.
Ubaid afzal (20)
In vitro propagation involves studying organisms or their components in artificial environments outside of their natural biological context. This allows scientists to isolate specific parts of an organism like cells or proteins to explore their basic functions. Some key advantages of in vitro studies are that they provide simplicity by removing complexity, allow for convenience through automation and high-throughput screening, and enable the mass production of cloned plants that are disease-free and genetically uniform.
Ubaid afzal (19)
Transgenic plants are created using genetic engineering processes to introduce genes from other species into a plant's genome. The tissue culture process is used because it allows a single transformed cell to be regenerated into an entire plant containing the transgene. A new gene is delivered into the nucleus of a plant cell and integrated into its chromosome. The transformed cell is then regenerated through tissue culture into a whole plant where the transgene becomes a permanent part of its genome, passing to its progeny.
Ubaid afzal (18)
Plant tissue culture provides a means to produce pathogen-free plants by eliminating contaminating bacteria. Bacteria that contaminate plant tissue cultures can originate from the explant tissue, the lab environment, operators, or ineffective sterilization techniques. Contaminants are identified and characterized using biochemical tests and purification methods to determine the source. Producing aseptic cultures involves indexing explants for contaminants, identifying and eliminating the contaminants, and maintaining pathogen-free plant stocks through tissue culture.
Ubaid afzal (17)
Limitations of plant tissue culture include: requiring sophisticated facilities and greater skill than conventional techniques; genetic instability and chromosomal abnormalities in some shoot-tip derived plants; expensive equipment costs for large-scale production; and variability in productivity dependent on species without trial experiments. The procedures also require special attention, infections may continue through generations, and decreased genetic diversity is possible if all plants are genetically similar.
Ubaid afzal (16)
This document discusses methods for screening plant tissue cultures for virus resistance. It introduces that plant viruses cause crop losses and that current protection methods are limited. It then describes that putative virus-resistant transgenic plants are usually screened in greenhouses but that the authors developed mechanical and graft inoculation methods suitable for tissue culture screening to reduce costs and time. The in vitro methods were validated by comparing results to greenhouse screens, finding two transgenic potato lines showed strong resistance to potato virus Y infection with both methods. The in vitro methods were also used to infect other plant species with different viruses.
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Ubaid afzal (1)
- 1. Plant tissue culture from seeds
- 2. Plant tissue culture Definition: Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. The production of plants from seeds that otherwise have very low chances of germinating and growing, i.e: orchids and nepenthes.
- 3. Tissue culture from seeds Seed Culture: Seed culture is the type of tissue culture that is primarily used for plants such as orchids. For this method, explants (tissue from the plant) are obtained from an in-vitro derived plant and introduced in to an artificial environment, where they get to proliferate. In the event that a plant material is used directly for this process, then it has to be sterilized to prevent tissue damage and ensure optimum regeneration.
- 4. Initiation phase (stage 1) The initiation phase is the first phase of tissue culture. Here, the tissue of interest is obtained and introduced and sterilized in order to prevent any microorganism from negatively affecting the process. It is during this stage that the tissue is initiated in to culture.
- 5. Multiplication phase (stage 2) The multiplication phase is the second step of tissue culture where the in vitro plant material is re- divided and then introduced in to the medium. Here, the medium is composed of appropriate components for growth including regulators and nutrients. These are responsible for the proliferation of the tissue and the production of multiple shoots.
- 6. Root formation (Stage 3) It is at this phase that roots are formed. Here, hormones are required in order to induce rooting, and consequently complete plantlets.
- 7. Media prepration • The appropriate mixture (such as the MS mixture) is mixed with distilled water and stirred while adding the appropriate amount of sugar and sugar mixture. Here, sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH - Contents used here will depend on the plant to be cultured and the number of tissues to be cultured. • Agar is added to the mixture, heat and stirred to dissolve