Dr. Dan Anderson, Iowa State University - Manure + Cover Crops Research & Experience
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Manure + Cover Crops Research & Experience - Dr. Dan Anderson, Iowa State University, from the 2020 Iowa Pork Congress, held January 22 - 23, 2020, Des Moines, IA, USA.
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Dr. Dan Anderson, Iowa State University - Manure + Cover Crops Research & Experience
- 1. Soil Health and Manure Daniel Andersen Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
- 2. Benefits of livestock manure • Less need for purchased fertilizers • Add micronutrients to soil • Improve soil health ü Increase soil organic matter ü Improve porosity & aggregate stability ü Reduce soil bulk density ü Increase microbial activity & nutrient cycling 2
- 3. Manure and Carbon • How much of the carbon we add ends up as soil organic matter • Research suggests for all manures it is about 12%
- 4. Manure and Carbon Manure Type Total Solids Volatile Solids Organic Carbon Application Rate Carbon Added Change in Soil C Content Years for 1% increase (%) (%) (%) (lb/acre) (ppm/year) (years) Deep-pit Swine 8 6 3.5 3,500 gpa 1,041 62 160 Dairy Slurry 6 4 2.3 15,000 gpa 2,933 176 57 Layer Manure 40 34 19.7 4 tons/acre 1,576 95 105 Turkey Litter 50 40 23.2 10 tons/acre 4,640 278 36 Beef Feedlot 67 30 17.4 20 tons/acre 6,960 418 24
- 5. Poultry Manure Study Fertilizer Source Total Soil Carbon (SOC) (g/kg soil) Total Soil Nitrogen (g/kg soil) C:N ratio POM POC High PM 23.0 (3.7) A 2.0 (0.3) A 11.8 (1.0) AB 6.7 (1.4) A 4.6 (1.1) A Low PM 21.9 (3.4) A 1.9 (0.3) A 11.4 (0.4) B 6.1 (1.1) A 3.6 (0.8) AB UAN 20.8 (3.5) A 1.8 (0.2) AB 11.7 (0.5) AB 4.6 (0.7) B 2.5 (1.2) BC None 17.9 (2.9) A 1.5 (0.2) B 12.4 (0.7) A 3.7 (0.4) B 1.7 (0.3) C • Near Ames, Iowa • 20 years of treatment
- 6. Manure injection: Effect on cover crop Rye cover crop growth with visible streaking at NERF April 6, 2016 6
- 7. Cereal rye cover crop N uptake 7 Research funded by Iowa Pork Producers Association and Calcium Products Inc.
- 8. Corn phase yields -26 bu +27 bu +5 bu +64 bu 8 +16 bu +29 bu Research funded by Iowa Pork Producers Association and Calcium Products Inc.
- 9. Monthly nitrate-N levels in corn phase 2016 - 2017 9 Research funded by Iowa Pork Producers Association and Calcium Products Inc.
- 10. Research design • Research design: • 36 soil columns, divided into 6 treatments • Treatments: 6 columns each • Soil Only • Cover Crop Only - cereal rye • Manure Only • Cover Crop + Immediate Swine Manure Application • Cover Crop + Two Week Delay Swine Manure Application • Cover Crop + Four Week Delay Swine Manure Application
- 11. Methods: PREPARATION AND LEACHING • Cover crop planted at 75lb/acre (aiming for 10 plants in each column) • 30 mL liquid swine manure applied to designated columns by pipette • Columns leached every week with 150 mL water for 8 weeks • Subsample of 50 mL was analyzed for nitrate concentration
- 12. Results
- 13. Results
- 14. Results