Potassium is heralded as a nutrient critical for turfgrass stress tolerance – heat, cold, traffic, and water stress are all associated with potassium fertility. In this webinar, experts will discuss the role of potassium in plant physiology and cover the basics on understanding soil and tissue test interpretation for plant available potassium. They will also review the relevant scientific research on potassium and explain why many managers may be using potassium incorrectly.
New application technologies for lawn care operatorsChuck Bowen
Dr. Eric Miltner from Koch Turf & Ornamental's technical staff outlines new solutions to perennial agronomic problems. He discusses advancements being made in application technologies and how LCOs can incorporate them into their operations.
In this webinar you will learn what new chemical fertilizer technology is available to LCOs in 2015, how these products can make your company more profitable and an example fertilizer technology program from a successful landscape operation.
How does agriculture, especially animal agriculture, impact greenhouse gas emissions? What is adaptation and mitigation and how are these different? For more materials on this topic visit http://www.extension.org/pages/63908/greenhouse-gases-and-animal-agriculture
New application technologies for lawn care operatorsChuck Bowen
Dr. Eric Miltner from Koch Turf & Ornamental's technical staff outlines new solutions to perennial agronomic problems. He discusses advancements being made in application technologies and how LCOs can incorporate them into their operations.
In this webinar you will learn what new chemical fertilizer technology is available to LCOs in 2015, how these products can make your company more profitable and an example fertilizer technology program from a successful landscape operation.
How does agriculture, especially animal agriculture, impact greenhouse gas emissions? What is adaptation and mitigation and how are these different? For more materials on this topic visit http://www.extension.org/pages/63908/greenhouse-gases-and-animal-agriculture
Bill Arman and Ed Laflamme, from the Harvest Group, outline the nuts and bolts of how to set prices so you make money and don't end up in the red at the end of the year.
Taylor Milliken runs Milosi, Inc., and uses a suite of powerful technology systems to maintain a highly profitable landscape operation. He walks you through how to set up your own systems and use the data you gather effectively.
L&L columnist Marty Grunder is an award-winning landscaper who runs one of the Midwest's most successful landscaping companies. He has also helped hundreds of other landscapers grow their own businesses as a consultant and adviser.
His consultancy, Marty Grunder! Inc., is the go-to choice for landscapers across the U.S. and Canada. On Jan. 6, Marty will host a free webinar that will reveal three key things any landscaper can do to grow and beat their competition in 2014.
This webinar will show you what those three things are and how you can do each of them in the simple, clear fashion Marty is known for.
Inside the Top 100: Maldonado Nursery and LandscapingChuck Bowen
Jerry Maldonado, CEO at Maldonado Nursery and Landscaping in San Antonio, hosts you for a virtual tour of his $26 million operation. He’ll share his insight on how his company operates and how he’s grown it to this size, and how he and his team manage it. It’s an exclusive opportunity for L&L readers look behind the scenes at how one of the largest companies in the landscape and lawn care industry operates.
10 ways to boost your company's local search rankingsChuck Bowen
Chris Heiler of Landscape Leadership shares the top 10 things landscapers, lawn care operators and other small businesses can do to improve their local search rankings.
How to build a recruitment and retention program that worksChuck Bowen
Brock McRea and Angela Talocco from Swingle Lawn Tree & Landscape Care in Denver outline how landscapers can build employee recruitment and retention programs that work.
How landscapers can improve local search rankingsChuck Bowen
The local search landscape is always changing. Landscapers and lawn care operators who are able to keep up and adapt to the changes put themselves in a highly visible position, ready to be found by consumers searching for their services. In this special webinar, Chris Heiler covers the most important tactics you need to know to ensure your business appears higher in local search rankings.
Your new job: water management adviser Chuck Bowen
Peter Estournes, principal at Gardenworks in Northern California, explains how he's improved the profitability of his company by positioning himself and his technicians as water management advisers.
Jennifer Lemcke, COO at Weed Man USA, is in charge of operations for one of the largest lawn care franchises in the world. She outlines how LCOs and landscapers can manage their days effectively and productively.
Jason Craven at Southern Botanical outlines how landscapers can improve the quality of their client base and work only with customers that are profitable and match their company's culture.
4 Keys to Grow Your Landscape Business in 2015Chuck Bowen
Lawn & Landscape columnist, consultant and award-winning landscaper Marty Grunder reveals four simple things any landscaper can do to grow and beat their competition in 2015. Specifically, you’ll learn: how to sell tons more work to existing clients, how to attain, train, retain and entertain a modern-day green industry work force, how successful landscapers make more money and have more fun.
How to keep and develop the best lawn care technicians Chuck Bowen
Brad Johnson, CEO and founder of Lawn America in Tulsa, Okla., shares his 30-plus years of experience on how to retain and develop the best employees at a lawn care company.
How to make 2015 the best year for your landscape companyChuck Bowen
Ready? Set? GROW! In this free webinar, industry-leading teacher, coach and landscaper Marty Grunder will give you six ways to make 2015 your best year ever. Marty will share with you ways to run your business better in all areas: sales, production and even your front office.
You’ll leave this hour-long presentation with some concrete ways to improve your company, your team and your leadership to make 2015 one of the best yet.
Steve Glennon, CEO of Cagwin & Dorward in Novato, Calif., shares the story of this $31.2 million landscape company and how it has grown during the last 50 years into one of the largest in the United States.
Bill Arman and Ed Laflamme, from the Harvest Group, outline the nuts and bolts of how to set prices so you make money and don't end up in the red at the end of the year.
Taylor Milliken runs Milosi, Inc., and uses a suite of powerful technology systems to maintain a highly profitable landscape operation. He walks you through how to set up your own systems and use the data you gather effectively.
L&L columnist Marty Grunder is an award-winning landscaper who runs one of the Midwest's most successful landscaping companies. He has also helped hundreds of other landscapers grow their own businesses as a consultant and adviser.
His consultancy, Marty Grunder! Inc., is the go-to choice for landscapers across the U.S. and Canada. On Jan. 6, Marty will host a free webinar that will reveal three key things any landscaper can do to grow and beat their competition in 2014.
This webinar will show you what those three things are and how you can do each of them in the simple, clear fashion Marty is known for.
Inside the Top 100: Maldonado Nursery and LandscapingChuck Bowen
Jerry Maldonado, CEO at Maldonado Nursery and Landscaping in San Antonio, hosts you for a virtual tour of his $26 million operation. He’ll share his insight on how his company operates and how he’s grown it to this size, and how he and his team manage it. It’s an exclusive opportunity for L&L readers look behind the scenes at how one of the largest companies in the landscape and lawn care industry operates.
10 ways to boost your company's local search rankingsChuck Bowen
Chris Heiler of Landscape Leadership shares the top 10 things landscapers, lawn care operators and other small businesses can do to improve their local search rankings.
How to build a recruitment and retention program that worksChuck Bowen
Brock McRea and Angela Talocco from Swingle Lawn Tree & Landscape Care in Denver outline how landscapers can build employee recruitment and retention programs that work.
How landscapers can improve local search rankingsChuck Bowen
The local search landscape is always changing. Landscapers and lawn care operators who are able to keep up and adapt to the changes put themselves in a highly visible position, ready to be found by consumers searching for their services. In this special webinar, Chris Heiler covers the most important tactics you need to know to ensure your business appears higher in local search rankings.
Your new job: water management adviser Chuck Bowen
Peter Estournes, principal at Gardenworks in Northern California, explains how he's improved the profitability of his company by positioning himself and his technicians as water management advisers.
Jennifer Lemcke, COO at Weed Man USA, is in charge of operations for one of the largest lawn care franchises in the world. She outlines how LCOs and landscapers can manage their days effectively and productively.
Jason Craven at Southern Botanical outlines how landscapers can improve the quality of their client base and work only with customers that are profitable and match their company's culture.
4 Keys to Grow Your Landscape Business in 2015Chuck Bowen
Lawn & Landscape columnist, consultant and award-winning landscaper Marty Grunder reveals four simple things any landscaper can do to grow and beat their competition in 2015. Specifically, you’ll learn: how to sell tons more work to existing clients, how to attain, train, retain and entertain a modern-day green industry work force, how successful landscapers make more money and have more fun.
How to keep and develop the best lawn care technicians Chuck Bowen
Brad Johnson, CEO and founder of Lawn America in Tulsa, Okla., shares his 30-plus years of experience on how to retain and develop the best employees at a lawn care company.
How to make 2015 the best year for your landscape companyChuck Bowen
Ready? Set? GROW! In this free webinar, industry-leading teacher, coach and landscaper Marty Grunder will give you six ways to make 2015 your best year ever. Marty will share with you ways to run your business better in all areas: sales, production and even your front office.
You’ll leave this hour-long presentation with some concrete ways to improve your company, your team and your leadership to make 2015 one of the best yet.
Steve Glennon, CEO of Cagwin & Dorward in Novato, Calif., shares the story of this $31.2 million landscape company and how it has grown during the last 50 years into one of the largest in the United States.
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
Soil biological Response to BMPs - Alan Sundermeier, OSU Extension, and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Daniel Andersen - Getting the Most from Your ManureJohn Blue
Getting the Most from Your Manure - Dr. Daniel Andersen, Iowa State University, from the 2016 Missouri Pork Expo, February 9-10, 2016, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-missouri-pork-expo
Lystek Biosolids Newsletter spring edition 2015Lystek
We are excited to share that 2014 was another exciting year!
In September of 2014, we celebrated our fi rst eighteen months of successful operations of the Southgate Organic Material Recovery Centre (OMRC) with an Open House event. It was attended by over 130 representatives from
Ontario municipalities, agricultural associations, soil and crop advisors, local businesses, politicians, OMAFRA, the MOE, and area growers. We have now surpassed our second, full year of fertilizer production at the OMRC.
Presentation by Julie Doll, Michigan State University, for the Climate Change and Midwest Agriculture: Impacts, Challenges, & Opportunities workshop held by the USDA Midwest Climate Hub on March 1-2, 2016.
Jason Haines (@PenderSuper) and Larry Stowell (@paceturf) MLSN and Growth Potential slides from the 2017 Golf Industry Show (#GIS17).
MLSN (Minimum Levels for Sustainable Nutrition) guidelines are a new way of determining what types and amounts of fertilizer are necessary, without compromising turfgrass health and quality. Growth Potential (GP) aids in fertilizer budgeting by estimating nutrient needs based upon local climate. Turf professionals can realize significant cost savings and reduce environmental impacts by taking a fresh look at fertilizer inputs.
Regenerative Agriculture as a Farming SolutionNelCoetzee
By: Jay Fuhrer. Rebuilding and maintaining life in the soil is directly linked to the longevity and reliability of our future agriculture; recognizing plants, animals, and soils evolved together over geological time
Barrier applications for mosquito suppression in the suburban landscapeChuck Bowen
With recent national attention on mosquito-borne viruses such as the Zika virus, an Integrated Pest Management approach to mosquito control is more important than ever. Dr. Grayson Brown, professor at the University of Kentucky’s Department of Entomology, offers his expertise and insight on how to best manage mosquito populations on your customers’ properties.
Professional and Consumer Landscape and Lawn Care Insights for 2015Chuck Bowen
At the GIE+EXPO in Louisville, Ky., in October, DIY Network and Lawn & Landscape presented an executive-level sneak preview of new information developed jointly by their research teams to help suppliers better understand the needs of customers in the consumer and professional markets. DIY Network and Lawn & Landscape are working to develop new content and research that will help both homeowners and professional landscape contractors learn about new trends in outdoor living, and how these projects can increase the value of a home. Consumers and professional contractors can look forward to seeing the first fruits of this collaboration in 2015.
Chad Forcey at the Irrigation Association outlines the current state of water law across the U.S., and what irrigation contractors can do to stay up to date on their local regulatory environment.
Mike Garcia of Enviroscape L.A. presents an update on how he's integrated drip irrigation into his business, and how landscapers across the country can take advantage of this product category.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
4. • 2nd Most abundant mineral nutrient
• Does not have any structural role
• Important in turgor and water relations,
cofactor for enzymes, “stress” tolerance
Potassium in the Plant
Sponsored by:
8. Adam Moeller @AdamMoeller
Mar 16
Rutgers Poa plots with < 50 ppm soil K
much more damaged from freeze injury
compared to those with higher soil K
Sponsored by:
9. • Improved Wear Tolerance:
– Shearman and Beard (1973)
• No Effect on Wear Tolerance or Recovery:
– Hawes and Kecker (1977)
– Carrow et al. (1987)
– Carroll and Petrovic (1991)
– Trenholm et al. (2001)
– Hoffman et al. (2010 a and b)
Wear Tolerance?
Sponsored by:
12. Drought Tolerance?
• Delayed Wilting:
– Waddington et al., 1978
– Escritt and Legg, 1970 –
took 20 years to show up
– Huang, 2001
• Faster Recovery:
– Schmidt and Breuninger,
1981
– Grady and Dickens, 1997
• No effect:
– DiPaola and Engel, 1976
Sponsored by:
15. K & Recovery from
Snow MoldPercentsnowmoldincidence
From Woods et al. 2006
K2O applied – lbs/M
0 3 6 10 13 16 19 0 3 6 10 13 16 19
Sponsored by:
16. Percentsnowmoldincidence
0 3 6 10 13 16 19 0 3 6 10 13 16 19
K & Recovery from
Snow Mold
Sponsored by:
From Woods et al. 2006
K2O applied – lbs/M
17. Potassium fertilization affects psychrophilic
pathogen susceptibility of annual bluegrass
David R. Moody and Frank S. Rossi
Cornell University
November 1, 2010
Sponsored by:
19. Inoculation
0 d 90 d 180 d 208 d 236 d 316 d
Establishment K Treatments ‘Hardening’ ‘Mid-winter’ ‘Early-spring’
Greenhouse Low Temperature Reefer
Inoculation
Sponsored by:
21. Grey Snow Mold
Tissue K Content (g kg-1
)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Mean days to 50% necrosis versus tissue K content
at time of inoculation with T. incarnata
Daysto50%Necrosis(Day50)
r2 = 0.98
Pr > F = 0.0009
n = 5
Sponsored by:
22. Pink Snow Mold
Tissue K Content (g kg
-1
)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
Mean days to 50% necrosis versus tissue K content
at time of inoculation with M. nivale
Daysto50%Necrosis(Day50)
r2 = 0.69
Pr > F = 0.08
n = 5
Sponsored by:
23.
24. K Research at UMASS:
– Gray Snow Mold increased 40% as K rate increased from 1
to 9 lbs/M
Ebdon et al., 2006
Sponsored by:
27. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
10 20 30 40
Areaunderdiseaseprogresscurve
Tissue K content (g kg-1)
Critical value = 19.6 g
kg-1
R2 = 0.723
From Charles Schmid, Bruce Clarke, Jim Murphy
Sponsored by:
Rutgers Anthracnose Data 2012
28. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10 20 30 40
Areaunderdiseaseprogress
curve
Tissue K content (g kg-1)
Critical value = 19.4 g
kg-1
R2 = 0.834
Rutgers Anthracnose Data 2013
Sponsored by:
From Charles Schmid, Bruce Clarke, Jim Murphy
29. Soil Test Interpretation
Two main philosophies:
– Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN)
• Feed the Plant
– Base Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR)
• Feed the Soil
Sponsored by:
30. • “Ideal” ratios of the major exchangeable cations
• CEC central to use of BCSR
Base cation saturation ratio
Sponsored by:
32. • The “Ideal” Soil
–65 to 85% Ca
–6 to 12% Mg
–2 to 5% K
–Remaining H+, NH4
+
33. Reasons I Dislike the BCSR Approach
1. Ignores differences in nutrient needs among plants
– Genetic aspects
– Ecological aspects
2. Scientific literature does not support the claims
3. Results in inefficient use of resources
Sponsored by:
34. #1: BCSR Ignores the Plant
• Different plants prefer different soil pH
• BCSR results in a very narrow range of pH 6.0 – 6.5
• Many turf managers attempt to favor bentgrass over annual bluegrass by
modifying root zone pH
Sponsored by:
37. Summary
• Potassium is an essential nutrient that plays varied roles in the
plant
• Research on how to best manage potassium in turfgrass is
evolving
• Evidence for potassium affecting wear tolerance is weak
• Potassium plays an important role in drought tolerance, winter
injury, and disease pressure
Sponsored by:
38. Managing Potassium:
• Focus on N: K Ratios and Soil Test Levels
• N: K2O in the plant is about 1.5 : 1
– Apply 1.5 : 1 to maintain soil K levels when soil K is
adequate (according to research-based soil testing
guidelines)
Sponsored by:
39. Managing Potassium:
• For bentgrass– follow tissue testing for optimum results
– Keep K above 2% in tissue in summer
– Allow K to drop to 1.5% or lower in fall
• Keep tissue levels above 2% in situations where snow mold
is not a concern.
Sponsored by:
40. What Counts When it Comes to
Potassium Source?
Mark Davis, Senior Agronomist
Sponsored by:
41. Considerations When
Selecting a K Source
• % K2O
• Other nutrients in the fertilizer
• Dry or liquid
• Salt index
• Particle size
• Uniformity Index
Sponsored by:
42. The Right Source
Evaluate nutrient content and associated other nutrients
High chloride may be
injurious to some crops
43. Potassium Fertilizers
and Salt Index
• Salt index provides a relative scale to compare the impact of
fertilizer on soil water
• In cases where fertilizer is concentrated, or on salt sensitive crop,
salt index is critical
Salt Index
Potassium Fertilizers Salt Index Salt Index/unit of K2O
SOP 46.1 0.88
KNO3 69.5 1.216
MOP 116.2 1.936
KMS 43.2 1.96
KTS 64 2.56
Sponsored by:
44. Salt Tolerance of
Common Turf Grasses
Salt Impacts
• Water imbalance in the Plant,
creating physiological drought
• Ion imbalance, increase energy
consumption to maintain
metabolic process
• Toxicity from specific ions,
Sodium, Chloride and Boron
• Salt impacts plant growth,
stunting, darker green leaf color,
leaf burn and reduced yields
Grass
*Rating
Bermudagrass T
Zoysiagrass MT
Creeping bentgrass MS
Perennial ryegrass MT
Rough bluegrass S
Tall fescue MT
Kentucky bluegrass S
Annual bluegrass S
*T=tolerant, S=sensitive, M=moderately
Sponsored by:
45. Particle Size
• Particle size is defined by the size guide number (SGN) value. The
SGN is determined by calculating the average particle size of the
product granules in millimeters and multiplying by 100.
– Materials and products used on turfgrass generally have an SGN
range of 75 to 350.
– Greens products range from 75 to 100,
– close cut turf from 125 to 150 and higher
– cut turf like lawns 150-240.
– SGN is important for fertilizer efficacy because it reflects the
number of particles applied per square inch. Estimated particles
per square inch for SGN values of 100, 150, 200, and 240 are
14-16, 8-10, 6-8, and 4-6, respectively
• Make sure your potassium source is sized to the right
application and the other fertilizers in the blend
Sponsored by:
46. Uniformity Index (UI)
• Uniformity Index (UI) is a value representing the relative particle
size variation of the granules within a product.
– A UI of 50 means that the ratio of the smallest particles is one-
half the size of the largest particles. A UI of 100 means that all of
the particles within the product are equal in size.
– UI values range from 35 to 60 and a value of 50 is considered
acceptable for good uniformity of spread.
– UI is important because with rotary spreader equipment larger
granules travel a greater distance than do finer granules.
– A low UI value increases the likelihood of a poor uniformity of
spread.
• Make sure your potassium source has a high UI to ensure good
spreadability
Sponsored by:
47. Key Facts About
CMP’s Protassium+
• CMP is the only North American
producer of sulfate of potash.
• Our SOP from the Great Salt Lake is
all-natural, produced in OMRI
approved organic and non-organic
forms.
• Our SOP is virtually chloride free
which enhances quality and yield for
chloride sensitive crops.
• SOP is a unique dual nutrient,
containing both 50% Potassium
(K2O) and 17% Sulfur (S).
Sponsored by:
48. Protassium+ (0-0-50-17S)
• High K2O analysis 50%
– Cost benefits per unit of nutrients
• High S 17%
– Sulfur in the sulfate form, immediate plant available form
• Low Cl less than 1%
– Balanced plant nutrition total 67% potassium and sulfur
everything you need and nothing you don’t
• Low salt index
– Flexibility in application and timing
– Safety for the plant and soil systems
• pH neutral
– Will not change soil pH or require liming materials over time
Sponsored by:
49. Turf Protassium+ Product
Turf Granular
Suitable for blends used by the turf and ornamental markets. Ideal for
roughs and fairways Typical SGN 220/UI 58.
Turf Blend Greens-Grade
SOP Turf Blend™ GREENS-GRADE is best used for micro-sized blends or
direct applications on short cut golf greens. Typical SGN 90/UI 59.
Turf Blend Mini-Granular
Ideally suited for mini-size turf blends. Mini-Granular has the highest uniformity
index of all the granular SOP's. Mini-Granular can be used on fairways and tees.
Typical SGN 140/UI 66.
Soluble Fines
Fine screened for rapid dissolution in making liquid fertilizer solutions and
suspensions.
Sponsored by: