The document discusses various topics related to language learning and teaching, including definitions of language, learning, and teaching. It also discusses principles of language learning such as cognitive, affective, and linguistic principles. Additionally, it covers language learning strategies and challenges, approaches to language teaching, and specific teaching methods.

2.  What is language?
 “Language is a complex, specialized skill,
which develops in the child spontaneously,
without conscious effort or formal
instruction”.
 "Language is a system of arbitrary
conventionalized vocal, written or gestural
symbols that enable members of a given
community to communicate with one
another”.

3.  What is learning?
"Learning is acquiring or getting a
knowledge of a subject or a skill by study,
experience or instruction”. "Learning is a
relatively permanent change in a behavioural
tendency and is the result reinforced
practice“.
 What is teaching?
"Teaching is showing or helping someone
to learn how to do something giving
instructions, guiding in the study of
something, providing with knowledge”.

4.  Cognitive principle
 Affective principle
 Linguistic principle

5.  Automaticity
 Meaningful learning
 Anticipation of rewards
 Intrinsic motivation
 Strategic investment

6.  People are wired to learn languages
 Aptitude can speed up learning
 Some learners take on a different persona when speaking
another language
 Some learners resist sounding and acting differently
 Some learners have a higher tolerance for ambiguity than others
 Learners who use learning strategies effectively are more
successful
 Learning in your preferred learning style increases motivation and
effectiveness
 Motivation affects the time spent learning a language
 Learner attitudes affect motivation
 If you expect to succeed, you will be more likely to succeed
 If you have unreasonable expectations you may get discouraged
 Certain kinds of anxiety can interfere with your language learning
 Fear of making mistakes can inhibit your learning

7.  Language ego
 Self-confidence
 Risk taking
 Language culture connection

8.  Find ways to relax and get away from the language
for short breaks.
 Believe that you can learn a second language.
 Find ways to express your personality.
 Accept the fact that you sound like a child, even
though you are an adult.
 Remind yourself of your motivation.
 Learn to take risks wisely.
 Expect to make mistakes, and learn from them.
 Be patient with yourself and persevere.
 Learn to laugh at your mistakes.

9.  Native language effect
 Interlanguage
 Communicative competence

10.  Use all your resources to communicate
 Coin words to help you communicate, but be careful
 Rehearse what you want to say ahead of time
 Learn responses to keep the conversation going
 Use memorized phrases at the beginning to get people to talk to
you
 Check out the meaning of words, before you add them to your
active vocabulary
 Give and get feedback to check comprehension
 Look for people who have time to talk with you
 Make friends with some monolingual speakers
 Find people who speak clearly.

11.  Grammar translation method
 Direct method
 The audio-lingual method
 The communicative language teaching
approach

12.  Translation of a literary passage
 Reading comprehension questions
 Fill-in the blank
 Memorization
 Use words in sentence

13.  Reading aloud
 Question and answer exercise
 Student self correction
 Conversation practice
 Fill in the blank exercise
 Dictation
 Paragraph writing

14.  Interact with people
 Listen to other learner talk with native speakers.
 Make a culture friend who will tell you when you act or
speak inappropriately.
 Try to find pen-pal.
 Find good language role models.
 Show your interest in the language and culture.
 Learn appropriate varieties of the language.
 Ask for help and you will learn as well as make friends.
 Look for people who have time to talk with you
 Participate as fully as possible in the culture

15.  Dialog memorization
 Repetition drill
 Chain drill
 Single Slot substitution drill
 Questions and answer drill
 Grammar game
 Complete the dialog

16.  New material is presented in dialog form.
 There is dependence on mimicry, memorization of
set phrases, and over-learning.
 Structures are sequenced by means of contrastive
analysis and taught one at a time.
 Structural patterns are taught using repetitive drills.
 There is little or no grammatical explanation.
 Grammar is taught by inductive analogy rather than
deductive explanation.
 Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in context.

17.  There are many different types of language
learning method through which we can easily
understand the language in batter way.
 Community language learning
 The silent way
 Suggestopedia
 Total physical response
 The natural approach

18.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPcBPN
RTjm
 http://www.slideshare.net/JorgeRengifo3/prin
ciples-of-language-learning-and-teaching

19. Thank you...