Assignment 1: Write a 150- to 350-word summary of the differences between deductive and inductive arguments. Format APA guidelines. Assignment 2: 5.4 EXERCISES For each of the following examples of induction or analogical reasoning, decide whether or not the argument is valid in light of the standards discussed in 5.2 and 5.3. Explain your answer. (APA FORMAT. NO WORD MIN) 1. A random sample of 1,000 Oregonians found that 51% favored the war in Iraq. Therefore, 49% of all Oregonians are opposed to the war. 2. “Now if we survey the universe, so far as it falls under our knowledge, it bears a great resemblance to an animal or organized body, and seems actuated with a like principle of life and motion. A continual circulation of matter in it produces no disorder: a continual waste in every part is incessantly repaired; the closest sympathy is perceived throughout the entire system: and each part or member, in performing its proper offices, operated both to its own preservation and to that of the whole. The world, therefore, I infer, is an animal, and the Deity is the soul of the world actuating it, and actuated by it.” (Hume, 1779, 82-3) 3. Among the students taking the history of philosophy this term, John, Shane, Michael, Roberta, Ofelia, Louise, Abigail, Suzanne, and Flora prefer the philosophy of Kant to that of Hegel. I have yet to talk with Jennifer and Martin, but I suspect that they will prefer Kant as well. Assignment 3: 5.6.1. In each of the following decide whether the cause mentioned is a necessary condition, a sufficient condition, both or neither. (NO WORD MIN) 5. Carlos Rodriguez has U.S. citizenship because he was born in the state of New Mexico. 8. Attacking a sovereign nation for non-self-defense reasons and without an authorization for military intervention from the United Nations Security Council will cause a nation to be in violation of international law. Assignment 4: 6.7.1. Symbolize each argument using the letters suggested. Construct formal deductions for the valid arguments below. Each of these can also be proven using the method of truth-trees. 3. If the president of the university meets with the activists and he accepts their demands, then the diversity plan will be instituted. The president, in fact, accepts the demands. If the diversity plan is accepted, then both resources will be available and there will be no more protests. The president meets with the activists. Therefore, there will be no more protests. (P: The president meets with the activists. A: The president accepts the demands. D: The diversity plan will be accepted. R: Resources will be available. N: There will be protests.) 4. Everyone can tell right from wrong. But if moral judgment is a personal matter, then there is no moral law. Of course, there is a moral law, if J. S. Mill was correct. If everyone can tell right from wrong, then Mill was correct. Therefore, moral judgment is not a personal matter. (E: Everyone can tell right from wro ...

1. Assignment 1:
Write a 150- to 350-word summary of the differences between
deductive and inductive arguments. Format APA guidelines.
Assignment 2:
5.4 EXERCISES For each of the following examples of
induction or analogical reasoning, decide whether or not the
argument is valid in light of the standards discussed in 5.2 and
5.3. Explain your answer. (APA FORMAT. NO WORD MIN)
1. A random sample of 1,000 Oregonians found that 51%
favored the war in Iraq. Therefore, 49% of all Oregonians are
opposed to the war.
2. “Now if we survey the universe, so far as it falls under our
knowledge, it bears a great resemblance to an animal or
organized body, and seems actuated with a like principle of life
and motion. A continual circulation of matter in it produces no
disorder: a continual waste in every part is incessantly repaired;
the closest sympathy is perceived throughout the entire system:
and each part or member, in performing its proper offices,
operated both to its own preservation and to that of the whole.
The world, therefore, I infer, is an animal, and the Deity is the
soul of the world actuating it, and actuated by it.” (Hume, 1779,
82-3)
3. Among the students taking the history of philosophy this
term, John, Shane, Michael, Roberta, Ofelia, Louise, Abigail,
Suzanne, and Flora prefer the philosophy of Kant to that of
Hegel. I have yet to talk with Jennifer and Martin, but I suspect
that they will prefer Kant as well.
Assignment 3:
5.6.1. In each of the following decide whether the cause
mentioned is a necessary condition, a sufficient condition, both
or neither. (NO WORD MIN)

2. 5. Carlos Rodriguez has U.S. citizenship because he was born in
the state of New Mexico.
8. Attacking a sovereign nation for non-self-defense reasons and
without an authorization for military intervention from the
United Nations Security Council will cause a nation to be in
violation of international law.
Assignment 4:
6.7.1. Symbolize each argument using the letters suggested.
Construct formal deductions for the valid arguments below.
Each of these can also be proven using the method of truth-
trees.
3. If the president of the university meets with the activists and
he accepts their demands, then the diversity plan will be
instituted. The president, in fact, accepts the demands. If the
diversity plan is accepted, then both resources will be available
and there will be no more protests. The president meets with the
activists. Therefore, there will be no more protests. (P: The
president meets with the activists. A: The president accepts the
demands. D: The diversity plan will be accepted. R: Resources
will be available. N: There will be protests.)
4. Everyone can tell right from wrong. But if moral judgment is
a personal matter, then there is no moral law. Of course, there is
a moral law, if J. S. Mill was correct. If everyone can tell right
from wrong, then Mill was correct. Therefore, moral judgment
is not a personal matter. (E: Everyone can tell right from wrong.
P: Moral judgment is a personal matter. L: There is a moral law.
M: Mill was correct.)
5. Cindy can go to the coast this weekend or she can stay at
home; she cannot do both. If she wants to study, then she will
need to stay home. If she wants to pass the class, then she wants
to study. She definitely wants to pass the class. Therefore, she
cannot go to the coast. (C: Cindy can go to the coast this
weekend. H: Cindy can stay home this weekend. P: Cindy wants

3. to pass. S: Cindy wants to study.)
6.7.2. Prove the following problems for practice. Here the
uppercase letters indicate particular assertions that represent
arguments that could be given in ordinary language. Rather than
“translate” these arguments from ordinary language to start, we
will simply begin with them represented in standard form.
1. A | B ∴ ¬B ∨ ¬A
2. C | D, C ∴ ¬D ∨ E
3. (A ⊃ B) | C, C ∴ A
4. (F ⊃ G) | (¬G ⊃ C) ∴ F ⊃ ¬C
5. ¬(A ⊃ B) ∴ A
Space Age Furniture Company
The Space Age Furniture Company manufactures tables and
cabinets to hold microwave ovens and portable televisions.
These products are made in various sizes and with various
features, but all follow basically the same production and
assembly operations. However, two of these products—the
Saturn microwave stand and the Gemini TV stand—have a part
(no. 3079) that requires machining on a special lathe used only
for making that part. At present the machine is run by Ed
Szewczak, a machinist who also operates other machines in
Space Age's shop. Once set up and started, the lathe can run
nearly unattended. However, the machinist must be present
(even if not actually attending the machine) any time one of the
machines, including the lathe, is in operation. At present, Ed
works a regular 40-hour week. However, due to the workload
for producing part 3079, it has been necessary to schedule
frequent overtime for him in order to finish the necessary parts
on time.
Coral Snodgrass, operations manager for Space Age, has just

4. heard from Ed's foremen that Ed is becoming unhappy about so
much overtime. As Coral knows, Ed has been with the company
a long time and is an excellent, reliable employee. Skilled
machinists with Ed's experience and employment record are
extremely difficult to find. Coral wonders what can be done to
alleviate this problem.
Recently, Space Age began using an MRP system that has
helped reduce inventories greatly and improve on-time
deliveries. In fact, Space Age carries no finished-goods
inventory. Instead, everything in the master schedule is being
produced for customer orders, so all products are shipped
almost immediately. Previously Space Age had estimated that it
cost $1.25 per week to store each Gemini and $1.50 per week to
store each Saturn that wasn't shipped immediately. The master
schedule for producing these two items for the next six weeks is
shown below.
Master Schedule
Week
1 2 3 4 5 6
Gemini 600 400 700 500 400 600
Saturn 300 400 400 600 300 300
The part in question, 3079, is used in two different
subassemblies: no. 435, which is used in the Gemini TV stand,
and no. 257, which is used in the Saturn microwave stand. One
of part 3079 is used in each subassembly, and one of each
subassembly is used in each of the final products.
Part 3079 may be produced in any quantity since the lathe that
makes it is not used for anything else. However, both of the
subassemblies are produced using the same equipment. To
minimize change over time, Space Age has decided that these
subassemblies should be made in minimum quantities of 1,000
at a time, although there is no problem with capacity on the
equipment that makes them. In fact, an order for 1,000 of

5. subassembly 435 is due to be received in week 1, as is an order
for 1,000 of subassembly 257. Lead time for both these
subassemblies is one week, and no inventory is expected to be
on hand for either part at the beginning of week 1. There is not
any on-hand inventory of part 3079, and there are no orders in
process.
Ed Szewczak earns $22 per hour and gets a 50% premium for
any overtime work. Whenever part 3079 is made, there is no
set-up time, but processing takes 0.03 hour per unit. It costs
$0.25 per week to hold any of these parts over from one week to
the next. The cost of holding each subassembly in inventory is
$0.75 per unit per week.
What options are open to Coral to address this problem?
How would reducing the minimum quantity of subassemblies
help?
What are the costs of carrying excess items in inventory at each
stage?
What is the trade-off between overtime costs and inventory
costs?