The Structural Frame Model Of An Organization

The Structural Frame Model Of An Organization
The Structural Frame Twenty–first century societies could be characterized as the modern humanity
with Cutting–edge technology and multiculturalism, with extreme materialism and economical
drive. As a result, any modern organization, regardless of its size, type or nature, has to depend upon
the factual structures and best management paths to survive in today's civilization. Lee G.Bolman
and Terrence F. Deal's (2013) book "Reframing Organizations" presents most updated and
developed managerial approaches to leadership and structure for the organizations.
L.G. Bolman and T.F. Deal's (2013) bestseller provides four–frame model of an organization, which
incorporates the structural, human resources, political and the symbolic forms.
However, on account of organization 's structure, policies, particular roles and environments, each
body of the four–frame model has its own origin and rooted in specific aspects. Although, logically
connected every singular frame holds particular outlooks, accountability and influence. The first
construction of the four–frame model is structural frame and allegorically being addressed as the
machine of the organization. In existence of any establishment the structural frame is presumably
the most essential from four–frame model and concentrates on the uniqueness and singularity of
each institution, the structure cannot be the same for every organization. Therefore, the structural
frames have to be compatible with needs and
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Delegation in Business Organizations
Delegation is the assignment of authority and responsibility to another person; normally from a
manager to a subordinate to carry out specific activities. It is one of the core concepts of
management leadership. The delegated person remains accountable for the outcome of the delegated
work.
But how important is delegation and what role it plays in the success of business organization ?
Delegation empowers a subordinate to make decisions; it is a shift of decision–making authority
from one organizational level to a lower one.
Delegation is very important in business success; if properly done can save money and time, help in
building skills, and motivate people while poor delegation, on the other hand, might cause
frustration and confusion to all the involved parties. Being the delegated self motivated, it pushes
him from inside to give more to the company and accept more tasks to improve his ability to be an
ideal employee and builds a strong community in company in general and between the manager and
his delegate specially. It is a way of strengthen the loyalty of the delegate.
Delegating frees up managers to tackle the truly important aspects of business project. It saves time
as it allows concentrating on the on the big picture of the project instead of wasting time on small
details. Training someone will involve more time in the short term which saves in future working
hours for a manager. It's an investment in the future that will pay compound interest.
Additional

Identity : The Importance Of Identity And Human Identity
Imagine living in a world where one's identity was defined with an impression of who they are
trying to be and not who they really are accepting to be. Identity is something that someone is
constantly earning. It is just not who someone is but it is a process that a person must be active in. It
is about understanding yourself so you can become yourself. Our identity is based on who we are,
who we have been, and who we think we will become. Each person has a unique identity that
nobody else has which makes them stand out as individuals. Identity is important because we all
have different identities and personalities which makes us have an important role in this world that
nobody except oneself has. Identity is related to Human Body Systems by showing that each person
is different by varying from facial features, sex, race, and age. One's Identity is sculpted and
modeled by their physical and mental characteristics, facial features, and sex/age. One's identity is
not just physical characteristics but the culture and environment that they grow up with. For
example a physical characteristic would be how much adipose tissues(fat) a person has giving them
different body shapes. Also, the shapes of the bones in our bodies determining the overall
appearance of our bodies. On the other hand, a mental characteristic would be the things taught to
someone at a young age that they grow up with and becomes part of their identity. The environment
that a person grows up in impacts who they are. For example, if they grew up in an environment
where they have seen constant violence they might become violent and contribute to their identity.
Overall, a person's identity is not always in front of you but it deep beneath their skin. Every person
in this world has different facial features that makes us stand out. A major way we get our
appearance is by the shape of our skeleton which is determined by the distribution of our
tissues(what animals and plants are made of). For example some people have more muscle
tissue(aids with movement) than others which would make them stronger and more athletic. Nerve
tissues(sends, processes, and receives information throughout the body), which affect the way our
minds work and the way

The Effects Of Relation Social Intelligence As Leadership...
Global MBA
2014
Business Development Project
« The effects of Relation Social Intelligence as leadership style in Chinese hierarchy environment »
Author:
Sebastiano Mozzo
Front Cover
Submitted the "day / month / year"
Tutor: Prof. Yahia H. Zoubir Table of Contents
1. Abstract 3
2. Introduction 4
3. Problem statement 4
4. Turnover definition 6
5. Analysis of employee turnover 8
6. Reason for leaving, Literature review 10
6.1. Global analysis 10
6.1.1. Work environment related reason 12
6.1.2. Management style related factors 15
6.1.3. Salary / career advancement related factors 17
6.1.4. Personal reasons related factors 17
6.2. Meta–Analysis between Asia – Europe – US 19
6.2.1. Cross–Cultural Differences 19
6.3. The situation in China 20
7. Employee turnover cost 23
7.1. Hiring Costs 24
7.2. Training Costs 25
7.3. Opportunity Costs 26
7.4. Morale Costs 26
7.5. Bottom Line 27
8. Conclusion of whole literature review 27

9. Relation Systemic Intelligence (or Systemic coaching) 29
9.1. Emotional Quotient 29
9.2. Relation Systemic Intelligence (or Systemic Coaching) 35
10. How RSI was implemented 40
11. Methodology analysis 44
12. Analysis and discussion 52
12.1. Turnover ratio and analysis 52
12.2. Performances 53
12.3. Quality 59
12.4. Hiring cost saving 64
13. Conclusion 66
14. Bibliography: 70
Executive summary 73
Abstract
In this thesis we have analyzed the effects of implementation of Relation Social Intelligence (RSI),
in Chinese firm. A

Application Of Software And Hardware Essay
Uncertainty: the unknowns a leader can neither dismiss nor factor in even though the objective may
be known
Open Systems; in computer based operating systems it is a system that is open to changes and
modifications by anyone without any licensing requirements and is generally free to the public. In a
business sense, it generally allows easy transfer of information and resources between components
both within and outside the company.
Organizational Size: often determined by number of employees, extent of operations as well as the
breadth and scope of its market share; ie, Small, medium, and large are the generally accepted
classifications. Small companies strive to be larger and larger companies usually strive to more
efficient through economies of scale.
Technology: application of software and hardware that can be used to enhance productivity (ex.
PLC's and robotic warehouses), communications (ex. Internet, email, texting), and customer
interface (ex. online ordering).
Organizational Chart: official company document showing who reports to whom as well as general
responsibilities of senior management.
Organization Hierarchy: the organizational layout showing the general structural layout of with the
different levels of power and responsibilities, generally pyramidal shaped with different subordinate
and superior levels of the chain of command.
Departmentalization by: Geography: organizational division to address needs of customers based on
geographic location or

`` The Lord Gave Us Two Ends ``
The great Ann Landers once said, "The Lord gave us two ends – one to sit on and the other to think
with. Success depends on which one we use most".
(Laughter)
Who here thinks success is pre–determined? Okay. And who here thinks someone born into a family
of high economic status is more likely to be successful than the average? This is intriguing because
all of you with your hands in the air are facing your biggest enemy. Yourself. The paradox of who
society determines who will be successful has been embodied by society for as long as we have
sojourned here on earth. Such mindset which was found throughout the middle ages where everyone
was born into a social class is something I am present today to erase.
The definition of success is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Laughter)
Like the survival instincts alluring inside the hypothalamus of a lion, you must construct the
necessity of what you want. Napoleon Hill States "the starting point of all achievement, is desire", a
man who's personal literary success started purely from his desire and motivational outlook upon his
goals.
Some of you urge the question of how?
Mr. Speaker you've told us what success is and the foundation of success. But what is the road to
success where do I turn?
The investment of time is an inexorable element of success. Commit yourself and foresee a greater
reaction of roads linking to one another, travelling in alternative directions, however all alighting at
the top of the pyramid. Roam was not built in one day. Albert Einstein stated that he's not smarter,
he just spends more time on the problem.
What if I fall short or become side tracked?
The answer is within you. Literally within you. Dopamine is your answer.
(Laughter)

Did I not say within? Ladies and Gentlemen dopamine is your endless, free–access chemical to
success. But why release this in a concentrated mix at the top of the pyramid? Why not dice your
goal into pieces and mini goals that of which you can achieve along the way to success as well as
indulging in that oh so good dopamine throughout the whole

The organization structure of NJIT
Question 1: Using NJIT as an example, explain how its organizational structure influences how
work is organized, how people and groups communicate, and how decisions are made?
Before explaining how the organizational structure of NJIT influences the organization of work,
communication and decisions, it is essential to understand how the NJIT is structured.
Organization structure of NJIT
The organization structure of NJIT is complex and highly centralized and hierarchical. It is governed
by Board of Trustees and Office of the President reports to the Board. Various other Vice Presidents
like, the Human Resources, Academic support and student affairs etc., report to the President's
Office. Each of these Vice Presidents have their own ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The roles are loosely defined and everyone has the autonomy and independence to work. Rules are
often meant to be ignored.
Google is one such company which is a classic example of network organization structure.
How different it is to work in an organization like Google? How does it differ from a typical
bureaucratic organization? Here are some of the key differences.
1. No bureaucratic jungle. It is nice and easy to reach to the top management without wading
through the bureaucratic jungles of the corporate hierarchy. Google has a flat structure of
organization and there are very few layers between the top management and lower managements.
This is quite contrary to any centralized hierarchy.
2. Borderless: There are no pre–defined limits for an employee to work within and adhere to. The
focus is more on corroboration rather than working in isolation and taking directions from the
superiors. There are no predefined rules to be followed.
3. Empowerment: Every employee is empowered. If the employee has a passion he is empowered to
go and do it. An employee may be just new, yet he is empowered to crack a complex code if he has
passion to. No permissions required no need to wade through the hierarchy of authorities to get the
permission to do it. There is no micromanagement involved here.
4. No Rules: There are no rules for the employees to work at the desk. The employee can work
anywhere and do the work. The environment is more employee friendly and has no boundaries of

Powerful Women and Submissive Women in Njal's Saga and the...
Powerful Women V. Submissive Women by Sean Conolly
Ancient societies and their cultures traditionally provided women with no access to power. It was
nearly universal for women to be treated as subservient to men while being expected to behave
mildly and submissively. The New Testament makes no exception. The Apostle Paul explains that
through Christ, women are absolved of constraints that the social hierarchy imposes on them, but he
later goes on to explain that even in Christ a religious hierarchy still exists. By acknowledging that
women are inferior to men in both the social and religious circles, Paul presents women as
subordinates. This contrasts with Njal's Saga. Through the saga's characters Gunnhild, Hallgerd, and
Bergthora, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This suggestion is eventually confirmed when she successfully convinces the King to accept Hrut as
a bodyguard (Njal's Saga, 8). Even though the King is the superior, Gunnhild still possesses the
ability to influence him. Her influence demonstrates her ability to assume and exercise a degree of
power.
It is through her power that Gunnhild goes on to instigate a chain of events. After having Hrut as a
lover for several seasons, Gunnhild reasserts her power when Hrut asks to return to Iceland. Though
she lets him return, she sends a curse along with him. She says, "If I have as much power over you
as I think I have, then I cast this spell: you will not have sexual pleasure with the woman you plan to
marry in Iceland, though you'll be able to have your will with other women. Neither of us comes out
of this well, because you did not tell me the truth (Njal's Saga, 13)." The curse she places on Hrut
actually comes true (Njal's Saga, 16). Hrut cannot please his wife and Gunnhild's desire to hold a
degree of dominance over Hrut is fulfilled. Because Hrut wants to please his wife but cannot, his
desires are unfulfilled. This suggests that Gunnhild's demands and desires are superior to those of
men. It is the demands and desires of a woman that instigate events. The author immediately
presents Gunnhild in the very first significant

Strategic Management : Altex Corporation
Altex Corporation Strategic Management
Name
Institution
Date
Course
Introduction:
Background
Altex Corporation an American association is fused in California, America. . It one of the main retail
associations comprehensively which offers merchandise over the web. Altex Corporation was
secured in the year 2002 with 20 representatives. It is one of the key associations to offer products
over the web and is likewise one of the few ionic loads of the late 1990s website bubble. The
association produces client or purchaser hardware, for example, Altex Kindle digital book peruse,
brandishing materials furthermore the principle maker of electronic supplies internationally. The
organization has confronted a few doubts amid the Cold War and monetary breakdown. Altex has a
few sites in America, Germany, Australia, France, China, and Japan. This paper will depict the
centrality of key management in Altex and components that impacted to its development and
advancement.
There are numerous issues which are included in actualizing key change in an association. This is on
account of a change brings a probability of safety by numerous stakeholders. The management is
therefore left with the work of needing to manage the issues which can avoid safety in terms of
progress. The principal issue in executing change in an association is vital anticipating the change.
This includes distinguishing proof of the progressions which are needed in the association.

The Corporate Structure Of The Micawber Capital Essay
Executive Summary I would like to say that it is a pleasure to me for work as a consultant of
Micawber Capital for the reason that in this way I can recommend various strategies to solve the
issues. According to my point of the corporate structure of the Micawber Capital must include
organize by function, combine functions, create a chain of command and communicate your
structure. The corporate structure and the organization of the Micawber need some amendment in
their function, corporate social responsibilities. The corporate social responsibility will play a
significant role in the development of the Micawber Capital for the reason that without CSR the
companies did not survive. I will also recommend to Micawber that improve the human resource
management department for the reason that without the improvement and excellent working of the
HRM the organization did not survive. The Micawber must keep in mind the culture of the India for
the without recognizing the culture did not able to work.
Body
As mentioned in case that I have been hired as a consultant to the senior director at Micawber
Capital, one of India's largest microfinance organizations. As also mentioned in the case that my
fundamental task is to recommend a corporate structure and organization is for Micawber. It is a
pleasure to me for work as a consultant of Micawber Capital for the reason that in this way I can
recommend various strategies to solve the issues. According to my point of the corporate

How Food is Viewed in the American Culture Essay
Most people wouldn't deny that food is vital to everyday life, but perhaps it has more importance
than just simply nourishing our bodies. According to Carole M. Counihan, a doctor of anthropology,
food is so important that society has constructed rules regarding its consumption. Counihan
emphasizes in her 1992 Anthropology Quarterly article, "Food Rules in the United States:
Individualism, Control and Hierarchy," that these rules serve as the "means through which human
beings construct reality" (Counihan, 1992, p. 55). Counihan advocates for the importance of
studying food rules by explaining that knowledge about how food is viewed in our culture can do
three things: improve understanding of other culture's food rules, allow nutrition ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These rules stem from our desire to be recognized as an individual and to maintain self control,
which is evidenced by thinness. Both individualism and self–control are highly valued and
applauded in our culture. Counihan puts it best when she explains that "self– control is the ability to
deny appetite, suffer hunger, and deny themselves they like but believe fattening. Individual choice
involves determining for themselves what foods are acceptable and consuming or abstaining from
them when they wish" (1993, p.55).
Consequently, the quest for individualism and self–control perpetuates our current system of
organization: a social hierarchy. Basically, a hierarchy is a system of ranks given to parts of a
category that denotes worth relative to other parts of the category, and are notorious for being used a
justification for discrimination. The three main categories of discrimination mentioned in
Counihan's article are classism, sexism, and racism. Classism is discrimination against a person due
to their social class. Maintaining standards of thinness perpetuates this type of discrimination.
Counihan comes right out and explains how: "The higher one's class, the thinner one is likely to be"
(1992, p. 60). Now, consider how thinness is equated

The Bureaucracy Of The Industrial Revolution Essay
Be a leader is inspiring, managing and depending on the performance of the team to be promote.
That is why the theories of leadership evolve form bureaucracy to post– bureaucracy. The
bureaucracy style is the oldest model, created by Taylor and Ford on the begging of the industrial
revolution the leadership is more related with managerialism and autocratic() On the other hand and
the post bureaucracy is new model, it is more related with empower the employee and make him
make de decision. In this model the company cares and development the employee (asdasd). For a
leader it is necessary both characteristic to adapt to different situations. The differences between the
styles affect the behavior of the followers and the performance of the company ().What most
influences the leaders? Is the bureaucracy better than post bureaucracy for the employees? Is post
bureaucracy behavior more manipulative?
The leadership style from bureaucracy is more authoritarian than post– bureaucracy. One example is
Ford. He segmented the entire production in smaller steps to facilitate the production. On the other
hand he demanded the most of all labors. What the leaders say is one order, the order of a leader was
a wish and sometimes related as a god (article). There was no discussion about the resolution and
how it is going to be development. In contrast, the leaders from post bureaucracy express more
concerns about the effects of decision. The decision is make where is supposed to be done.(

Internal Structure and Functional Areas of the Trafford...
Aims, Objectives and ownership
In this assignment I am going to investigate the internal structure and functional areas of The
Trafford Centre and explain how its internal structure and functional areas have changed over time.
All businesses have organisational structures, even if they are small or big, they have some type of
structure so they can operate productively.
Types of organisational structures;
o Hierarchical structure o Flat structure
The Trafford Centre has an organisational structure.
The type of organisational structure the Trafford centre has is a hierarchical structure, large
organisations have organised hierarchies and The Trafford Centre has a number of layers of
management. Staff no their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The more people under the control of one manager – the wider the span of control. Less means a
narrower span of control.
The span of control of The Trafford Centre is that the managers of the different functional areas
have authority over subordinates in an organisation like The Trafford Centre manager's span of
control will be larger because of the size of the business.
An example of a narrow span of control is shown in the diagram below:
The advantages of a narrow span of control are: o A narrow span of control allows a manager to
communicate quickly with the employees under them and control them more easily o Feedback of
ideas from the workers will be more effective o It requires a higher level of management skill to
control a greater number of employees, so there is less management skill required
An example of a wide span of control is shown in the diagram below:
The advantages of wide span of control are: o There are less layers of management to pass a
message through, so the message reaches more employees faster o It costs less money to run a wider
span of control because a business does not need to employ as many managers
The width of the span of control depends on:
The type of product being made – products which are easy to make or deliver will need less
supervision and so can have a wider span of control

Skills of managers and workers – a more skilful workforce can operate with a wider span of control
because they will

Ellen Moore: Living and Working in Korea
Case Study
Ellen Moore (A): Living and Working in Korea
Carman Ka Man Leung
3924137
Operations Management 357
9th May 2008
Executive Summary
A Systems Consulting Group (SCG) Consultant, Ellen Moore, was sent to South Korea as a project
management representative for a Systems Implementation (SI) project involving forty Korean
consultants and a SI team. Joint Venture Inc. (JVI), formed between Korean Conglomerate Inc.
(KCI) AND Western Systems Inc. (WSI) was to implement the recommended systems into over one
hundred local offices and a government agency as end–users of the new system. Moore, appointed
by Andrew Kilpatrick to co–manage the SI project with Jack Kim strives to immerse herself into a
different work culture, where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During a SI team presentation, Kim described the details of a market research study to be conducted
which Moore knew nothing of. Once again, this clearly shows from JVI's poor and incorrect
information of Kim's position, it allowed him to carry out inappropriate actions which he believed
was acceptable whilst treating Moore as any other SI team members, rather than a co–project
manager.
Problem 2: Hierarchical issues and hesitancy to ask questions
The lack of understanding in cultural differences for the three North American consultants had
caused occasional disputes with the Korean consultants, and in many instances led the North
American consultants into confusion.
In the Korean environment where Confucian values are deeply implemented, clients are treated with
high authority from the hierarchical structure. When trying to manage the expectations of clients,
from the perspective of a North American consultant, this involves frequent communication and
interviews with the client to gain a thorough understanding of the client's system. However, due to
Korea's hierarchical structure, the Korean consultants refused to do this. It was common for the
Korean consultants to accept any form of work from the client, even if it was beyond the scope of
the project. Adams and Moore felt powerless to stop this activity and became deeply frustrated, due
to their lack of understanding in the Confucian culture.
Adam's minimum knowledge in the importance of hierarchical status

Avoid Vs Incentive Pay
"Year after year, as executive pay continues its inexorable climb, it's amusing to watch corporate
directors try to justify the piles of shareholder money they throw at the hired help (Morgenson 1)".
There are many employees that go the extra mile and produce more for their company, but they
often never receive anything extra in return. Due to this, they are less motivated to go the extra mile
in the future. In contrast, incentive pay is beneficial to an organization's overall production
efficiency and effectiveness.
Employees get bonuses based on incentive compensation of how productive they work. To begin,
"the 2011 Incentive Plan is designed to further and promote the interests of the Company, its
subsidiaries and its shareholders by enabling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, "a convenient starting point for an analysis of pay determination of team sports players
is the marginal productivity theory, which is the workhorse of modern labor economics (Bernd &
Simmons 1)".This connects with the claim because the marginal productivity theory includes that
performance ends up determining how much the athlete gets paid. This proves what I learned is true
because the theory shows how athletes relates to a worker on how if they work , then incentive
compensation is what is rewarded as a salary is for an athlete. Although salary is determined by
hardwork, "many fans may believe player pay to be arbitrarily determined, statistical studies have
shown that player salaries in team sports on both sides of the Atlantic depend on age, experience,
and ability (Bernd & Simmons 23)". The author's ideas that fans believe that players pay is
determined by age, experience, and ability is a useful belief but sheds light on the difficult problem
of realizing an athlete must be hardworking to be most of the characteristics that fans believe
provide the best compensation. By focusing on how fans believes salaries depend on age, ability,
and experience, the author overlooks the deeper problem of players who are very talented and
hardworking but old of age for an athlete which might affect their salary; I believe this is unfair
because age is just a number. In addition, " North American players' unions in European soccer have
been less effective in bargaining over salaries and employment terms (Bernd & Simmons 8)". This
connects with the claim because many North American soccer players can't be negotiated as much
due to the extra work that was put in by them. This proves what I learned is true because many
athletes that put in the extra effort can't be bargained as much due to the reasoning of their ability of
playing their sport very well. To wrap thing up,

Implementation And Reporting For Hedge Accounting Essay
Research Memorandum
To: CEO, Thomas Foods
From:
Date: December 12, 2015
RE: Implementation and Reporting for Hedge Accounting
Facts:
Thomas Foods wishes to insulate the company from the financial blow of large increases in the
prices of produce from local farmers. The main factor that would cause this unexpected change in
price that Thomas Foods should be concerned with is the possible fluctuation of weather conditions.
Thomas Foods is interested in determining whether or not hedge accounting would be the best
solution to protect the company's operating income. If the company elects to implement a hedge
accounting system, the Controller of the company must be informed of the accounting treatments
involved when dealing with cash flow and fair value hedge accounting, the two most common forms
of hedge accounting.
Issues:
1. Will implementing a hedging strategy help to alleviate the risks of price increases and benefit
Thomas Foods financially when it comes to purchasing produce from local farmers?
2. Which hedge accounting strategy or alternative method will be most beneficial to Thomas Foods
and ensure minimal loss in operating income?
3. How can the accounting treatments of the newly implemented strategy be best explained to the
Controller of Thomas Foods?
Conclusions:
1. Hedge accounting strategies are best implemented when dealing with transactions from the
original source. In this particular situation, the local farmer would be considered the original source
because he

Power In Lord Of The Flies Essay
The book Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, is about a group of boys who were in a
plane crash and landed on an island, along to survive. All over the world countries run on a
hierarchical system, and the people at the top establish rules and consequences to keep people in
line. Those important people use objects to give power, like a crown. The same concept was also
created by Ralph on the island, he attempted to create a hierarchy and essentially a government for
everyone on the island to stay humane,just like around the world. The novel is about power, as a
result of which the boys created a small government, as well as represent power through objects.
At the beginning of the novel the group of boys establish a chief of their group. They hold an
election and vote for Ralph to be the main chief and for Jack to be the main hunter. Ralph, Jack, and
Simon go on a expedition of the island, and figure out that they need to find food. They end up
coming across three pigs, and as Jack prepares to kill the pig he hesitates at the last minute. Ralph
calls a meeting in order to make rules for the island and the boys. Jack agrees with Ralph, and then
creates a punishment for those that break the rules. These steps for creating a "government" on the
island are very similar to the steps that people around the world follow to create their government. A
quotation from the text that explains this is, "'Shut up,' said Ralph absently. He lifted the conch.
'Seems to me we ought

The Classification Of Wine And Culture
distribution and inequality to a fairly high degree. French children are taught to be emotional reliant
on their parents. As they proceed through different stages of their life, they begin to depend on
teachers and superiors therefore creating acceptable standards of inequality. Wine and culture are
interdependent in the personal and professional cultural realm of France. Just like a "flawless bottle
of vintage wine, France displays perfection in the land and its people" (Gannon & Pillai, 2013, p.
229). As a result, wine has "shaped the country's disposition weaving a common thread through all
the varying walks of French life" (Gannon & Pillai, 2013, p. 227). The classification of wine has
contributed to the classification of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was completely responsible for my decisions" (Gouttefarde, 1996, p. 60). The manager also stated,
each person has a "defined responsibility", once you have completed your role you no longer have a
say in what happens to the project at the next level, thus "no one is individually responsible". Bad
choices are made because of the "blind following of power". Managers from the United States may
have the exact job in France however they have fewer tasks because of the hierarchical structure.
For that reason, managers have no authority to affect the final outcome of a project. The lack of
autonomy creates a lack of achievement and satisfaction which Americans value. From a business
standpoint, if a country such as France, scores high in power distance, there is a tendency to have
more male controlled traditions. As a result, managerial positions are typically held by men, and the
women who do hold leadership positions experience negativity. Considering the United States
scored a "40" in power distance indicates they are less accepting of unequal distribution and
inequality. As an American manager, working abroad in France I will face many challenges coming
from a society that is lower in power distance. In the United States I am accustom to briefing my
subordinates about task in great detail. I am also prepared for my authority to be challenged and to
answer questions pertaining to any information that was briefed. In fact, I encourage questions to

Essay about Organization Structures
Organization Structures The mechanistic view of an organization began with the industrial
revolution. The view is a reflection of society's radical change from a rural agricultural base to one
more impersonally based on centralized urban industry employing great numbers of people. The
first changes began in the late 1600's and early 1700's with rudimentary machines replacing manual
labor or accomplishing things not previously possible because of size, weight, or sheer numbers.
The greatest industrial growth was during the 1800's period, which was exponential at its end and
the outset of our century.
The view and metaphorical analogy of an organization as a machine was the result of the only frame
of reference available at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mechanistic structures are designed to induce people to behave in predictable, accountable ways.
Decision–making authority is centralized, subordinates are closely supervised, and information
flows mainly in a vertical direction down a clearly defined hierarchy. In a mechanistic structure the
tasks associated with a role are also clearly defined. There is usually a one–to–one correspondence
between a person and a task (figure 1 depicts this). Each person is individually specialized and
knows exactly what he or she is responsible for, and behavior inappropriate to the role is
discouraged or prohibited.
The mechanistic structure is the traditional or classical design, common in many medium– and
large–size organizations. Mechanistic organizations are somewhat rigid in that they consist of very
clearly delineated jobs, have a well–defined hierarchical structure, and rely heavily on the formal
chain of command for control. Bureaucratic organizations, with their emphasis on formalization, are
the primary form of mechanistic structures. According to Max Weber, bureaucracy is a form of
organization characterized by a rational, goal–directed hierarchy, impersonal decision making,
formal controls, and subdivision into managerial positions and specialization of labor. Bureaucratic
organizations are tall consisting of hierarchies with many levels of management. In a tall structure,
people become relatively confined to their

A Comparative Look At Space And Law Essay
A Comparative Look at Space and Law
Space means what we want it to mean. Defined by those who occupy it, giving it a purpose and
without it, it is nothing more than an empty area, blank and lifeless. The following two articles offer
different perspectives on the use of this space as it relates to law. In one article, space provides
certain function that determines how those who occupy it are to act, while in another it is a neutral
space and welcoming space representing choice and the freedom; a public stage used to put on a
performance and develop a professional identity.
In Norman Spaulding's article The Enclosure of Justice: Courthouse Architecture, Due Process, and
the Dead Metaphor of Trial, the focus is on adversarial space; the courthouse where confrontation
takes place and justice is administered. With little said about this space Spaulding searches for
deeper, unexplored connections between justice and the space in which it operates. Using a
historical overview, he shows how courtroom structure has become increasingly enclosed signifying
law's liberation from all political, commercial and social aspects. Furthermore, actual courtroom
trials are becoming a 'dead metaphor' as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) offer better options,
mass processing and immediate justice in private and fully enclosed settings. Spaulding concludes,
complemented by history, there exists a movement towards isolation of traditional courtroom space,
because it eliminates interruption the

Test Analysis : An Item Analysis
It's important to make sure that the assessments are accurately measuring what students know,
however, good test items are difficult to write. An item analysis can help improve assessments
because it shows which items are too easy or too difficult as well as how well a question
distinguishes between students at the top and bottom (Making sense of test analysis, n.d.). This
analysis is helpful to understand which questions need to be changed, removed or should be kept
(Making sense of test analysis, n.d.). In this way, it is designed to enhance the quality of each
question and therefore will help teachers increases the validity and reliability of the full assessment
(Making sense of test analysis, n.d.). Thus, item analysis is essential ... Show more content on
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Questions 3,4,5,7 and 10 has a difficulty index of 1 because all students answered those questions
correctly. The difficulty index rule states that if the item difficulty is more than .75 (Making sense of
test analysis, n.d.), then it is an easy question; thus, questions 1, 3,4,5,7, and 10 are all above .75 and
are therefore considered easy questions. It is important to determine when questions are too easy so
that they can be modified and better determine the student 's learning.
There is technically no difficult question in this assessment because according to the difficulty index
rule if the item difficulty is below .25 then the question is considered too difficult (Making sense of
test analysis, n.d.). In this evaluation, the question closest to .25 is question 2, which has a difficulty
index of 0.40. The score indicates that although the question was quite difficult, it is still an
appropriate question to use because it is not below the difficulty score range.
The poorest discrimination are questions 3, 4,5,7,9, and 10 because these questions have a
discrimination index of 0 and also are the same questions that were determined to be the easiest. The
discrimination score indicates that high achieving students performed the same way as low–
achieving students and it is logical that the least discrimination occurred in questions where all the
student got the correct answer. The same situation

Study Guide for you
What are the most important difference (art, science, religion) between people's lives in large
agricultural settlements such as çatal hüyük Jericho and Mesopotamia (manufactured trade) and
Egypt (military)?
In the
Economic (environmental) organization– farming, irrigation, domestication
Political and Social Organization–stratification and gender inequality, warfare, hierarchy
People's system of Ideas–writing, math, ethical codes, arts, religion
http://www.saylor.org/site/wp–content/uploads/2012/07/HIST101–1.2–OriginsofCiv–FINAL.pdf
What evidence might you give in favor of, or opposed to, the following claims.
You have a balanced and considered review of at least four the civilizations learned in unit 1:
a) The earliest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mesopotamia –
Archaeological evidence shows that sea trade connected Mesopotamia to the Harappan civilization
of the Indus valley.
As food resources grew faster, so did human populations.
Led in conflicts within communities
In Mesopotamia, women's inferiority to men was taken for granted, but they shared the social
standing of their fathers and husbands.
They benefited from some measure of equality. In both Sumer and Egypt women occasionally
served as rulers or held high office.
However, towards the end of the 3rd millennium, , an increasing emphasis on the importance of
armies and conquest and on trade and manufacture as sources of wealth meant that women were
increasingly excluded from the most valued occupations.
Laws increasingly defined them as dependents and restricted to the home. In one Sumerian city–
state, any woman speaking disrespectfully to a man was ordered to have her mouth crushed with a
brick.
During the third millennium, an estimated 80 percent of the population was urban.
Cities became centers of manufacturing.
New technologies were used such as alloying and casting metals for tools, weapons, and luxury
goods.
The wheel allowed for

Analysis Of The Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study
An Analysis of the Lincoln Electric Company Harvard Case Study by Arthur Sharplin
By: Lauren N. Ingram The Lincoln Electric Company was a legacy company from which the
families ' personal values were incorporated in the beginning and continue to be the fundamental
beliefs compromising the company 's culture. By creating and implementing a culture of service,
respect, and loyalty, the Lincoln Electric Company has become an institutional leader in American
business standards. Lincoln 's culture cannot be summarized by a single dimension of cultural
analytics because of its multifaceted culture that is innovative, outcome–oriented, people–oriented,
and team–oriented The founder, James F. Lincoln used his Christian upbringing as the basis for his
vision of how he defined entrepreneurial success. The customers ' needs are first priority, the
employee second, and the stockholders are last. Quality and cost efficiency are the two most
important factors considered in their product engineering and manufacturing. The hierarchy is
stringent, however, the culture of the company is greatly people–oriented. This company has a
strong culture that is instilled in new employees from the beginning and continuously practiced by
every member of every facet in the organizational structure. To understand the morals of the
founder, one must understand the basic fundamentals of the Christian faith. Christians believe that
the teachings of Christ, as found in the New Testament of the King

A Portrait Of A Killer
The National Geographic film, A Portrait of a Killer, examines the types of stress that living beings
can endure, and how it can thus affect the rest of their bodies. Severe chronic stress can lead even
lead to the destruction of brain cells. Dr. Robert Sapolsky is a neurobiologist of Stanford University
who has been researching stress for over thirty years. In order to study stress and its implications
upon nonhumans, he went to Africa to study baboons. This species has only three hours of stress
caused by eating, and the rest of their daily routine is consumed by about nine hours of free time.
Much like Western society, baboons socially stress out one another, as they have social hierarchies
to regulate how them interact with one another. When put under stress, both humans and baboons
have cortisol and adrenaline found in their blood. These hormones are critical for survival, and other
physical changes in the body such as a racing heart, increased blood pressure, and quickly
responding muscles are all present when the body is put under stress. However, in regard to humans,
these same physical responses can occur when the body is not in a life in death situation. Instead, it
is common for psychological stresses such as public speaking, taking a test, paying taxes, or driving
a vehicle to invoke the same physiological responses as someone in a critical situation. This can be
unhealthy for the human body, as many people can get worked up over multiple stressors in one day,

Teamwork Promotes And Establishes Effective Communications...
According to Kinlaw (1991), teamwork is the way in which people must work and cooperate
together in order to produce products or services that could not be produced by a single individual.
To this end, teams appear to have a synergy effect, which implies that the total outcome that is
produced by the team is by far more than the equivalent result which the sum of the team's part
would have had. By and large, the formation of groups is very useful for the organization and its
members, because they perform important tasks. Johnson, Kantner and Kikora (1990) support the
rationale of forming groups through the following arguments: 1. Individuals within the team know
each other well, thus deploying confidence and trust, which results in cooperation and support. 2.
Teamwork promotes and establishes effective communications channels within the members of the
team. Daft (1996) considers the formation of teams as critical and immense for the effectual
elaboration of a task, since teams: 1. Encourage and promote creativity and innovation. 2. Are more
effective problem solving devices as opposed to individuals. 3. Enhance the dedication and
commitment needed to implement the decisions 4. Provide greater opportunities for interaction and
5. Increase the coherence within their members. When an employee changes position within a
company, he or she ultimately changes ways of thinking, in accordance with the effects of the new
position and his or her moods change until they come closer to

Organizational Structure And Functional Structure
How do you think your chosen company created their organizational structure? How is the
organizational structure reflected in the company culture?
The company I have chosen is the Department of Navy created their Functional Structure which was
based of learned lessons from past military employment history. The Navy's functional structure
provides organization according to a jobs or an individual's purpose within the organization.
Departments that focus on a single function or goal most easily recognize functional organizations.
For instance, an organization with a marketing department, a human resources department, a
research and development department and so forth, operates according to functional organization.
The functional structure provides employees, as well as their appropriate departments, with a clear
objective and purpose for their work. As an example, employees within a marketing department
know that their job is marketing and, as a result, those employees can focus on improving their
marketing work and even specialize in a specific area of marketing. On the other hand, functional
structure can create divisions between departments if a conflict develops between departments.
How is the company able to keep all the employees up to date on company strategies and tactics
within the current company dynamics? Is it effective?
Management sets objectives and charts a course of action so as to be proactive rather than reactive
to the dynamics of the business

The Protest Of The Little India Riot
On the night of 8 December 2013, Singapore came face to face with the incident that put an end to
the riot–free track record we had been enjoying for over 40 years. The Little India riot was a wake
up call in our usually stable sociopolitical climate. Over 400 foreign workers, mostly under the
influence of alcohol, had violently attacked the police and destroyed government property after a
foreign worker had been killed in an accident. It is important to note that this incident had occurred
in the light of the formation of an increasingly complex society, where more than one fifth of the
population comprises foreigners. Various issues such as overcrowding and tensions between
foreigners and Singaporeans are among rising concerns. It also seems to be becoming a more liberal
society. These changes in society should be accompanied by respective changes in the government,
with the focus on conscientiously addressing the old, and the new concerns of the society. The riot
was indicative of the government's shortfall in its foreseeing of issues and decision making,
evidencing the need to learn new lessons.
Anticipation of a future problem before it occurs is something the government can learn from the
riot for better management of the society. Visitors and residents of Little India had been
experiencing frequent overcrowding, with crowds "numbering in the thousands" especially on
Sundays, when foreign workers get a day off. In addition, there were many cases of public

Organizational Management
Chapter 8 Job Evaluation
1. What is meant by internal equity? What is the relationship between internal equity and job
evaluation?
"Internal equity is a situation that results when people feel that performance fairly determines the
pay for each individual with a certain job or that relative difficulty results in appropriate differences
in pay rates between jobs. Worker dissatisfaction may arise when internal equity principles aren't
met.Internal equity studies analyze the nature of a particular position including: 1.Skill2.Effort and
3.Responsibility" (web).
2. What is a benchmark or key job? Why are these kinds of jobs so critical in various job evaluation
methodologies?
Bench mark jobs are highly visible jobs that common ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When using pure market pricing method, organizations allow the market to dictate the pay of the job
and relative worth

Cerujugo Hr Case Analysis Essay
Individual Case Assignment
MHR 505
Frank Miller
By: Benjamin Morgan
500 261 174
Symptoms
From the assigned reading it becomes clear that there are a number of symptoms which suggest that
beverage manufacturer and distributer Cerjugo SA is a company in crisis. The main signal that
Cerjugo is not living up to its expectations is that its forecasted sales and profit targets, for its juice
division, have not been met for two consecutive years this is especially troubling for a company
which in the past boasted a 98% share of the beer market in Latin America. Beyond the lack luster
sales numbers there are many other symptoms that Cerjugo's juice division is ailing, such as reports
that potential customers are not aware of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All four of the managerial positions which answer to Guzman are highly qualified for their position
and the tall hierarchy structure of the company appears to hinder their ability to work well as a team.
There were also reports of a generally unsatisfied and unproductive sales force, the root cause of this
is a lack of job specialisation. The sales force is organized geographically with each employee
controlling their own territory, however, each employee is responsible for selling both beer and juice
within that region. Furthermore, most of the sales staff where already employed by Cerjugo before
the acquisition of the juice business, accordingly despite being trained to sell juice as well, the sales
force is more experienced and comfortable selling Beer and this has bred a lack of motivation to
gain the expertise necessary to successfully sell juice to their clients.
Analysis of Root Cause & Consequent Recommendations
Although these problems seem expansive and varied in nature a few changes to the corporate culture
will likely remedy all of these complications. On the sales side job enrichment is of key importance,
a necessary step towards this is having the sales force divided into two market segments, beer and
juice. With each employee controlling a small set of clients who they will get to build a relationship
with, a relationship which is based

Self Assessment Life History Report
Self–assessment Life History Report
The identity of a person can be influenced by many factors depending on the environment in which
they live (Kuada & Chachah, 1999). I am a 23–year–old Ghana national. I came to this country in
2002 when I was ten years old, and I am a Christian by religion. Many factors have influenced my
current identity and described my values and beliefs. Such factors include gender, sexual
orientation, age, family, race and ethnic identification, religious identity, and socio–economic status
among many others. These factors have determined the person I am today, and it makes them
significant in my life
Ghana is a democratic state in which all people are expected to obey the Constitution. That is why I
believe in the rule of law and that all people within the country have their rights and freedoms.
Ghana has over 100 ethnic groups, which peacefully coexist. These groups vary in population with
Akan being the largest which I am a member. In this country, the different ethnic groups are known
to have diverse talents such as the craftworks of the Akan tribe in making products such as fertility
dolls and hand–carved stools.
Family is the basic unit of the society in Ghana, and it provides the primary source of people's
identity. It creates a sense of responsibility and loyalty among people. In Ghana, different ethnic
groups have different family values. For instance, the Akan believe that women in families possess
higher status, and they determine the

My First Year College Experience
First Year College Experience The first year of college comes with many changes and challenges.
These changes can include the food in the cafeteria, study habits, time management skills, and much
more. Every student has to find their own way to handle the first year and determine what works
best for them. For many the most essential change is living away from home. Campus life provides
opportunities to become a part of a unique, diversified community. With these opportunities come
challenges, such as having a roommate, being away from one's parents, and determining self–limits.
The Challenge of living with a new roommate one has never met before can be very difficult, but
need not be apprehensive. College is a lot about cooperating with others, and the first person they
should learn to cooperate with is their roommate. The majority of time will be spent with this person
over the year, so it is best to learn to work together from the start. When two people come from
different backgrounds, this can be a difficult thing to do. Both sides need to give and take so that
both are happy. To better get along with a roommate one must be understanding of what they want.
Everyone has their own way of doing things, and it is important that they respect and understand
how their roommate goes about doing things. Being flexible with their roommate will keep them
congruent, and it will make the year go by more fluidly. When getting to know one's roommate it is
a must

Active Reading In George Orwell's Shooting An Elephant
This lesson has three main objectives. These are to direct students in 'active reading' through George
Orwell's Shooting an Elephant. Determining the central idea of the essay and how it develops over
the text, different themes that are introduced, what the author's viewpoint. The final objective is to
give students time in class to read. I intend to do this through a lesson and demonstration on active
reading, class discussion, and through small group work. To start off what is active reading? Active
reading is simply thinking about what you read as you read it. Before this assignment I didn't know
the origins of active reading, but after research I had trouble finding the origin. Some sources give
credit to Reg Revans while others give ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I personally find this to be the most important step of the process. This point of this step is to have
students ask themselves" What was this text really about?" I am using this SQ3R method in my
lesson plan by having students skim the first two paragraphs, write a predictions, participate in an
active reading demonstration, actively read George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant themselves,
grouping backup the following day to talk about the text, and then having students work in a group
to reflect on the writing to summarize and reflect on what the text is really about. Moving onto the
second objective, students will be directed on determining the central idea, identify different themes,
and understanding the author's viewpoint. These tasks will be accomplished through the active
reading and group discussion components in class. I turn to John Dewey's theory on learning.
Dewey says "Learning is active. It involves reaching out of the mind. It involves organic
assimilation starting from within. Literally, we must take our stand with the child and our departure
from him. It is he and not the subject–matter which determines both quality and quantity of learning
(9)." This reminds teachers that learning is a social process that requires students to reach out with
their own thoughts and ideas to gain value from the assigned subject matter.
Through talking and discussing George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant, students are engaging with
the source material and

Observation To Becoming A Nurse As A Registered Nurse
On the first day of class, I had the pleasure of meeting Carol Robinett. One of the first factors that I
noticed about Carol when I talked to her was how she perceived herself. She had a great personality
and seemed trustworthy. She is caring towards others, a quick learner, and works at a fast pace. She
has been a Certified Nursing Assistant since 1997 and believes these attributes have helped her in
that career. One of her biggest regrets is not finishing school so; she is back in school to earn a
degree as a registered Nurse. For Carol to become a registered nurse, she will be obligated to spend
four years in college, for this reason, Carol has to engage in keeping her grades up. After
accomplishing her goal to become a registered nurse, she will hopefully make about 90,000 dollars
annually.
Being that she has been in the healthcare field for so long, Carol knows many friends and family
that are in the same practice she wants to work in; because of this, she will find it more easily to
discover work at Elkin Health Care and Pruitt. Carol lives in Boonville, North Carolina, where she
looks after six people that she cares for deeply. One of those six people is her thirty–six year old
husband. The others are her five children, the oldest child being her thirteen year old stepson. Three
out of the other four children are girls; their ages are five, four, and two. The youngest boy is three
years old. The four children are her biggest accomplishments; the reason being is that she was told
that she would never be able to conceive a child; in fact, Carol almost died after she gave birth to
one of the girls. She says she had to have a necessary procedure where she was given ninety units of
blood, a chest tube, and a hole that was punctured in her lung.
After tending to her family throughout the day, Carol does not have much time for hobbies; despite
her busy schedule, there are still chores to be done. Carol's least favorite chore is moving the lawn.
In Carol's free time, she does enjoy cooking, playing games with her children, watching television
and reading People Magazine. While watching T.V. she is open to any movie genre, with the
exception of horror movies. If she had to pick, she prefers to watch

Shakespeare Uses His Play 'the Tempest' to Depict a...
In his play The Tempest, Shakespeare uses the stage to present to the audience a microcosm of
society. He minimizes the ideologies of his society so that they are represented through the
characters and settings of the play. Through the use of dramatic conventions, the playwright
examines human behaviour and emotion on a smaller scale. The shipwreck and the island are a
world of their own; however, they are both representative of wider ideas. The play reflects how
human nature shapes a society. There is continual conflict between the rightful order of things and
challenges to it. The ship demonstrates power struggles and cements the presence of the hierarchical
structure that is applied in civilisation. The island explores colonialism and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both characters are enslaved and exploited by Prospero who represents a colonial force. However,
the different treatment of both of them presents to the audience two varying approaches to slavery of
the native folk.
Ariel is adopted by Prospero as his personal servant and is valued by him as a "brave spirit" even
though his freedom is not granted until the very end. He is repaying a debt to Prospero and is
faithful to him, yet displays subtle resentment that he is not free. Ariel is a typical personal servant
in his attributes. Caliban symbolises a native that the colonists viewed as savage and enslaved.
Prospero's harsh and intolerant behaviour towards him mimics what would have actually happened
in reality during colonising times. When Prospero fails as an educator in imposing his values of
civilisation on Caliban he regards him as a savage. He decides the only way to keep Caliban in order
is to give him "stripes", treating him worse then an animal. He is restricted to hard manual labour
and threatened and bullied by Prospero, suffering in a similar way that many New World Natives
did.
Caliban embodies many aspects of the idea Western society held regarding these natives. He lived
without a rigid social hierarchy unlike 'advanced' European countries and worshipped an alternate
religion to Christianity. His worship of the Patagonian god Sebetos justifies for Prospero to describe
Caliban as a "demi–devil" and

Initial Diagnosis And Treatment Plan Process
Initial Diagnosis and Treatment Plan Process
Listening to a client during an initial session and applying reflective listening techniques
can put you in the mindfulness moment with the client. By being a mindful listener as a therapist,
I believe it helps with being able to diagnose your client more accurate. It is important to have a
system or flow of questions during your intake process, so it can provide the clinician with viable
information regarding that client and their concerns, from there you can create a specific treatment
plan. Without a client rapport, it is difficult to effectively counsel someone because people don 't
like to listen or talk to other people they don 't trust, therefore, building a rapport with your client
is important. Not only is building a rapport important for a counselor, but we must rely on our
interviewing skills to obtain valuable information. From intake to completion of treatment, the
intake interview is typically when the treatment association begins between the client and the
counselor. At the same time during the intake process, there is a large amount of personal data
that can be collected thru a general checklist of question including symptoms that can help with
diagnosing the client. When initial meeting between the client and counselor one can start off with
the two basic greeting questions:
1. How are you feeling today?
2. What brings you in today?
According to Michael Hutchinson, MFT, Clinical

Principles of safe supervision of children in the home...
Assessment task 5
PRINCIPLES OF SAFE SUPERVISION OF CHILDREN IN THE HOME BASED SETTING AND
OFF SITE
As a home based child–minder the safe supervision of children both in and out of the home is
ultimately my complete and main responsibility. When considering the level of supervision required
it is important to remember that 'supervision' can be interpreted into 3 different level types– I.e. the
depth of supervision that you adapt, and that safety requirements outlined by Ofsted determines
supervision to be adapted at all times of children in my care primarily in the following activity
areas;
Arrivals and departures
Taking children to and from school/playgroup and pre–school
Meal and snack times
Sleep and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3) GENERAL SUPERVISION
General supervision would be when you are aware of what the child is doing and checking on them
regularly. This may be interpreted as keeping an attentive eye from a distance e.g when children are
playing on a carpet or when a baby is sleeping. The element of danger when adopting close
supervision would be less than in the other two levels of supervision.
Once the required level of supervision has been determined, it is important to consider the following
disciplines in order to ensure safe supervision and to make all other family members aware of them
also.
IN YOUR GARDEN
Do not let children play outside unsupervised
All tools equipment and chemicals must be safely stored away in a locked shed or garage
All paved areas must be safe
Fences should be sound
Equipment for outdoors must be checked daily and set up properly (use logs)
Gates must be securely fastened

Dustbins/wheelie bins/re–cycling bins must not be accessible to children
If pets are present then children's play areas must be free of pet food and waste
Areas of water including butts or ponds and sand pits must be securely fenced off or covered.
All plant life in the garden must be safe
Clothes lines/rotary driers must be safe and not trailing.
OUTSIDE OF THE HOME
By Car:
Use of seat belts for adults
Tax, MOT, business – use insurance
Seats/restraints for children
Child locks on doors
Getting in and out the car should be safe...
Driving

Top Of Form Governments Spying On Us
Top of Form Governments Spying on us According to the journalist Arthur Baxter "Technology has
brought great advances and conveniences, but it also comes with the cost of privacy" (TNW News).
We have seen many examples about governments spying on people or spying on other countries.
Perhaps the most important and the easiest way that enables governments to spy is by using people's
information on social media, bank accounts, by satellite surveillance, and help from some
companies. This, however, is a stain on all governments that pursue this approach, and to all
companies that help the governments spying on people. The government could spy on us through
our electronic devices. Bring up what mentioned on Washington blog "Even now after all of the
revelations by Edward Snowden and other whistleblowers spying apologists say that the reports are
"exaggerated" or "overblown", and that the government only spies on potential bad guys"
(Washington blog). However, the truth is that the government is spying on everyone. The
government has the ability to identify your location at any time by cameras scattered throughout all
over the state next to most of the traffic lights. Moreover, the government has the ability to turn on
your phone camera and eavesdrops on you. Furthermore, according to the journalist Howard Berkes
"As privacy advocates and security experts debate the validity of the National Security Agency 's
massive data gathering operations, the agency is

Sangha Act Of 1941 : An Overview
Sangha Act of 1941
The Sangha Act of 1941 followed the shift in Thai politcs toward a more democratic approach after
monarchy fell in 1932. A demonstration of two thousand monks from twelve provinces in Bangkok
in 1935 calling for greater democratization of the sangha represents this shift.
The sangha was also structured to reflect the modern government with a separation of powers into a
legislative, executive, and judiciary systems, with an ecclesiastical assembly, ecclesiastical cabinet,
and ecclesiastical courts. However, though the sangha had become more democratic, the
government continued to exert an increasing amount of influence over the sangha. Despite the
government holding significant influence over the sangha, the monarchy still valued the public
perception of the sangha as a legitimating power, with King Rama IX spending two weeks in 1956
at Wat Bowonniwet as a monk.
Sangha Act of 1962
Yet, the democratic policies of the Sangha Act of 1941 were not to last. The rise of Field Marshal
Sarit in 1958 signaled a return to authoritative rule.
Significance of the Act
The Sangha Act of 1962 rejected the principles of democracy and returned to a hierarchical
structure. This new hierarchical structure reflected the government structure creating multiple layers
down to the local level. This parallel structure allows the sangha to continue to operate in one of its
more significant roles as a channel of communication for the government.
A return to a more

The Structural Frame Model Of An Organization

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