1. Missing Persons - Call For Action
5th International Conference for Missing
Children and Adults
By: Maureen Trask
Advocate for Families
and the Missing
Puslinch, Ontario, Canada
On: Mon. July 5, 2021
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3. Call for Action: Questions to Ponder
What can we do for the missing?
What can we do for families, those left behind?
What can we do to reduce and/or prevent the
issue of missing persons?
Plus:
What research is lacking and needed?
How can we engage community?
Missing Persons From The Families Perspective (missingpersonsresearchhub.com)
by Maureen Trask, Apr. 7, 2021 3
5. National Centre for Missing Persons
and Unidentified Remains (NCMPUR)
Provides law enforcement, medical examiners and chief coroners with
specialized investigative services including:
national data sharing,
sophisticated analytical support,
liaison and coordination, and
development of investigation best practices.
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Resides within the RCMP's Canadian Police Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (CPCMEC).
National Centre for Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains (NCMPUR) | Royal Canadian Mounted Police (rcmp-grc.gc.ca)
Slideshow: National Centre for Missing Persons & Unidentified Remains - ppt download (slideplayer.com)
In addition, the NCMPUR also:
Coordinates the Nat. Amber Alert working group for Canadian police agencies.
Researches and compiles investigative best practices.
Develops training for police officers.
Authorizes the submission of DNA to the National Databank for missing persons
investigations.
7. What is Ambiguous Loss?
Dr. Pauline Boss, principal theorist of the concept of Ambiguous
Loss and Dr. Gloria Horsley, founder and president of Open to Hope
Fdn, discuss Ambiguous Loss at the annual Association of Death
Education and Counseling (ADEC) Conference, 2011.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2vYyefAgZ0
Resources | Ambiguous Loss 7
8. Call for Action - Legislation
A “Missing Persons Act”
is still needed in:
Quebec,
New Brunswick,
PEI,
NWT and
Nunavut.
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July 2019, Ontario Gov. Provides Police More Tools to Find Missing Persons Newsroom
9. Call for Action – Family Voices
Missing Persons - Recommendations Report
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Key Finding:
Canada needs a
National Missing Persons
Framework to ensure
Consistency
Transparency
Accountability
Fairness and
Equality.
Report: Missing Persons - Recommendations | Maureen Trask - Academia.edu Jan. 20, 2020
11. Call for Action: Possibilities
National Missing Persons Framework
National Missing Persons Day (Week or Month) in Canada
Missing Person Status for Guardianship or
Proof of Death (earlier than 7 years)
No Body, No Parole Legislation (Bill C-437)
Compensation for families (those left behind)
Support/Bill of Rights/Ombudsperson for families
and those missing or returned.
Tools, guides and kits to help family members and also
for those missing or returned.
Strategies/Education to prevent/reduce missing.
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12. From me to each of you:
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Maureen Trask trasker@rogers.com
Editor's Notes
Introduction
I will share with you my journey of “Missing” (the club that no one wants to be part of).
Why do I care?
What I learned, worked on
My Calls for Action
I’m here to share my journey of uncertainty, with having had a missing son for 3 ½ years.
Daniel had set me on this journey, which was new to me, but I a learned lots about strength, resiliency, and never giving up.
As a parent, no one prepares you for this type of loss..
Through this presentation, I will share my experience and what is needed nationally to help families with missing loved ones.
So, as a Mom left behind, living in limbo, frozen in grief, not knowing what I was grieving or how to deal with this loss. More questions than answers.
My journey was 3 ½ years. Many have endured this path on their own, for far too many years, some to their death.
There are 3 major lessons I learned through my experience:
- I can find meaning in this uncertainty by learning about Ambiguous Loss.
- The most important relationship is that with my assigned Police officer.
- Community needs to be part of the solution, missing is not just about a police response.
What is a Missing Person? (Definition on * Wikipedia, updated Jan. 24, 2020)A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as their location and fate are not known.
Who goes Missing? Potentially anyone
All ages: infant, child, adolescent, adult, seniors All races, sexes, locations, education, economicsAnswer Intentional or not? Crime or not? Alive or Dead? Unique situations and experiences
Where are the Missing? Potentially anywhere. All jurisdictions across Canada: Municipal, Regional, Territorial, Provincial, Federal, Provincial: Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), Quebec Sûreté du Québec (SQ), NF and LB Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC), RCMP, Indigenous Policing including Nishnawbe Aski Police Service (NAPS)
Other jurisdictions outside Canada: Cross border-USA, International (INTERPOL), Abroad (Consulates, Embassies, ICMP-International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), founded in 1996 at the G-7 Summit in Lyon, France. ICMP is the only international organization of its kind that addresses the issue of missing persons in all facets. https://www.icmp.int/
When are they “Found”? Most, within a week, older (with 6 months – 1 years), cold cases many years, decades, even after your lifetime. Adults: 62% of missing adult reports were removed within 24 hours, while 90% were removed within a week. Children: 63% of missing children/youth reports were removed within 24 hrs, while 93% were removed within a week. * Based on Occurrence Data, 2019 Fast Fact Sheet, National Centre for Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains (NCMPUR) of RCMP
Why do they go Missing? Many reasons, but little data or research. New Missing Persons Research Hub, 2021 by Lorna Ferguson, PHD Student, Western University, London Ontario, Canada.
How Many go Missing? Next, statistics, patterns in the data 70,000 to 80,000
Probable Cause Classification: (comes from CPIC)
Abduction by Stranger, Abducted by Relative,
Parental Abduction with Custody Order. Parental Abduction without Custody Order,
Accident, Wandered Off, Runaway, Presumed Dead, Human Trafficking, Unknown, Other
What about Homeless?
70,000 – 80,000 per year.
Dr. Pauline Boss presented the theory of ambiguous loss in 1999 (book). She has also applied her theory by facilitating support for families in numerous disasters including 9/11, Thailand tsunami, and Malaysian air crash. When I learned of her work, I read her books and immediately connected with what I was experiencing, it made sense. It wasn’t me, it was the situation. I contacted her to learn more and determine if support material or services were available for families such as mine, very little in Canada. This short clip is an excellent introduction to ambiguous loss.
Why does it matter? Ambiguous Loss will: - Freeze the grief process
Paralyze couple and family functioning - Change beliefs/values
Prevent “closure” but, “closure” is a myth (Need “the big answer”, physical evidence for Resolution)
Families can name it (Ambiguous Loss) - Families need support (Short and Long term)
There is no verification of death. There is no certainty that the person will come back.
Ambiguous Loss is one of the worst losses, with wild swings of emotions, ranging from extreme hopefulness to deep despair. Due to the ambiguity surrounding the loss, individuals, couples, and families remain confused. Without comprehension, they can’t make sense of their situation to cope. Without meaning, they can’t find hope to help them move forward with their lives. They are simply stuck.
Each person deals with loss in their own way. Ambiguous loss is no different, but the feelings associated may be more intense than with other types of loss. Some different coping strategies involve writing about the situation in a private journal, keeping extremely busy to avoid thinking about the situation, while others find comfort in humor. Ambiguous loss is one of the most difficult types of loss to deal with. Many experience wild emotional swings and coping may be difficult, especially if the circumstances are never resolved. Coping strategies can help deal with loss.
Myth of Closure: Ambiguous Loss in a Time of Pandemic and Change, W. W. Norton, Nov. 9, 2021, release
How do we begin to cope with loss that cannot be resolved? The COVID-19 pandemic has left many of us haunted by feelings of anxiety, despair, and even anger. In this book, pioneering therapist Pauline Boss identifies these vague feelings of distress as ambiguous loss. This is what we experience when a loss remains unclear and undefined, and thus lingers indefinitely. Now, with a pandemic that has upended the lives of people across the globe, we are collectively experiencing ambiguous loss—loss of trust in the world as a safe place and loss of certainty about our healthcare, education for our children, employment, and the rebuilding of our lives after so much loss.
Here, you will find guidance for beginning to cope with this lingering distress, and even learn how this time of pandemic has taught us to tolerate ambiguity, build resilience, and emerge from crises stronger than we were before.
As of Feb. 2020 “Missing Persons Acts” are still needed in Quebec, New Brunswick, PEI, NWT, and Nunavut.
Biggest roadblock from a Police perspective.
Police were limited in their ability to investigate reports of missing persons when there was no evidence of criminal activity.
Missing legislation gives police a tool to respond to missing persons investigations by allowing them access to personal information (health, banking, employment, social media, phone, travel, vehicle records) and locations to search while balancing considerations for an individual’s privacy.
In Ontario, the Missing Persons Act went into effect on July 1, 2019 (5 year effort) with regulations for process, annual reporting, and a full review after 5 years in use (July 2024).
Challenges with Police (from a Family Perspective)
Not being taken serious by police in the first instance
Making sense of the entire situation -understand the process and options
Lifestyle bias and assumptions of the disappearance
Lack of communications - not being kept up to date, short or long term
PREVENT: To introduce preventive measures to reduce the number of missing persons occurrences.
RESPOND: To respond consistently and appropriately to missing persons occurrences.
SUPPORT: To provide the best possible support to both missing people and their families.
PROTECT: To protect vulnerable missing people and reduce the risks of harm.
New technology is a factor that can help advance all key areas of the Framework.
Who Plays a Role? Families and their Missing Loved Ones (Victim or Survivor?)
Police (Reporting, Searches and Investigations)
Partners (SAR Teams, Private Investigators, Civilian Groups, Crime Stoppers, Coroners, Forensics, Psychics)
Media (Press Releases, Feature Coverage, Social Media)
Government (Policy, Legislation, Regulations, Funding, Inter-Ministry Committee, Minister or Oversight, Stats Canada)
Supports (Advocates, Agencies, Groups, Peers, Coworkers, Schools)
Public Health (Hospitals, Pharmacies, CMHA, Doctors) Financial (Banks, Trusts, Employers, CRA, Telecoms)
Friends (Faith/Spiritual, Lawyers, Social Services, Peers) Schools, Crime Prevention Councils, Experts
Why? To ensure Consistent, Transparent, Accountable, Trust, Fair, and Equitable processes, systems, supports and services. Canada needs a national Missing Persons Framework Families deserve this. Those who are Missing deserve this.
Let’s give them a voice, listen to them.
We urge the Government to recognize that focused and streamlined national services are an essential part of providing better outcomes to missing people and their families.
Bill C-437, introduced Mar. 1, 2019 by MP Dane Lloyd, Sturgeon River Parkland. (status 1st Reading).
Public and unified Movement for Change
Uniform Supports for Families
Ongoing Funding and Growth of NCMPUR
Regular Public Information Sharing(Progress, Tools & Techniques, Press, Podcasts)
Reciprocal collaboration with Police/Coroners
Share best practises and prevention ideas(how to make it better)