Orkney Catastrophe Case Study

Orkney Catastrophe Case Study
The lesson of the Orkney catastrophe was not learned. Ten years after that, on April eleventh, 2001,
onlookers went to the Ellis Park Stadium for another match between the Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando
Pirates. There was at that point a 60,000 limit swarm in the stadium, yet reports recommend a
further 30,000 fans were all the while attempting to pick up section to the stadium. Reports likewise
recommend that 120,000 fans were conceded. As the group surged to pick up seats, they spilled into
the press boxes. The subsequent charge pounded 43 individuals to death. Clearly untrained security
gatekeepers let go poisonous gas at the group, exacerbating things. The role of the spectators is one
of the most important issues if not the most important one
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Compare And Contrast Frankenstein And Giselles
When Doctor Victor Frankenstein died, he left behind two beautiful twins daughters. The twins
names are Ingrid and Giselle they were seventeen when came to Frankenstein's castle to claim it as
their inheritance. The twins couldn't be more different, Giselle is a glamorous social climber who
plans on turning Frankenstein's castle into a center into a center of high society. Ingrid is quiet and
always is reading her father's mysterious notebooks that his left behind. As Giselle prepares for
luxurious parties and Ingrid finds herself falling for the sullen, wounded naval officer next door, a
sinister force begins to take hold in the castle. They are identical in looks, no one would ever
mistake Giselle for Ingrid, or vice versa. Giselle, who

How Did Australia Compared To America
From Japan to Australia to the countless places on this Earth, we have all heard and learned about
the richest, biggest, most powerful, and also the poorest countries in school, but there are many not
as well–known countries that many of us may not know about. This sparked my interest to look into
some countries that we have heard about but never took the time to learn about them. One country
that got my attention was Norway. We all know that Norway is the home of the Disney ice queen
Elsa and her adventurous sister Anna, but Norway has much more to offer then catchy songs and
flashy magic. Norway has had its up and downs through its early history, Norway if filled with
cultures, and compared to America living in Norway is completely different. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They first survived by hunting and fishing, but gradually began to farm the land and raised
livestock. The first farms were created around 500 BC. This period is known as the Bronze Age,
since bronze was the metal used to create weapons, jewelry and tools. The Bronze Age was followed
by the Iron Age, which lasted until around 1000 AD. During this time, better tools were made and
trade grew. The Viking Age lasted from around 800 to 1030 AD and was certainly an eventful
chapter in Norwegian history. The Vikings built fast, ocean–going ships and travelled across the
world raiding countries for their treasures and resources. However, many Vikings settled abroad, and
as well as being skilled sailors and explorers, they became traders who set up communities in
foreign lands. Around the year 1030, the lands of Norway were made into one kingdom and
Christianity was introduced. By the 13th century, Norway ruled over other countries including
Iceland, Greenland, Shetland, the Faeroes and the Orkney Islands. This rule, known as the
Norwegian empire, lasted until around 1350 when the plague known as the Black Death wiped out
more than half of Norway's population. From 1380 until 1814 Norway was in a union with
Denmark. When the union ended, it wrote its own national constitution. Later that year, Norway
entered into a new union with Sweden which lasted until 1905. Norway was then able to choose its
own king, and Prince Carl of Denmark, who became known as King Haakon VII, became the first
ruler of an independent Norway for 525 years. During World War II, Norway was under German
occupation. Britain was one of Norway's allies and King Haakon and his family lived in exile in the
UK until the war was over. Norway is a peace–loving nation and is a member of the United Nations
(UN) and NATO. Norway's belief in negotiation as a way of settling conflict makes them the ideal
country to award the Nobel Peace Prize each year. In

An Analysis Of Garwain's Poem Sir Gawain
James Madison High School students. DATE: March 16, 2018
Sir Gawain is in the late 14th century has in between English chivalric love it's written as a poem it
has Irish and English and French many languages to look upon and traditions that's new.
Garwain was the nephew and a knight of the Round Table in Arthurian. He is also the son of
Arthur's sister Morgause and king lot of Orkney. He has 4 brothers which are agravic, gathers,
Garett, and Mordred. He is known as the greatest knights honestly, he is trust worthy friend and
Running Head an overall good person and has a good name. Even though it's a central conflict it
deals with quests and challenges. Within this u find your ways and desires throughout the poem and
then at the end of the poem it completes the human society of Garwain. Garwain and the green
knight ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A concept of morality and the proponent's spiritual ideas. He was also a Christian and knightly
chivalry that's made up his symbolic shield he used. These knights were known for their "friendship,
generosity, chastity, and piety." Symbolizes by
Camelot and tested a lot in the poem. Truth is key to them. In this time, they challenged the courts to
try to reveal true feelings instead of choosing to believe the lies they have told. The seasons of this
state is psychologically in a form of pleasant weather to bleakness which is the winter. Five ages of
man which would be birth, young, growing into man, middle aged, and then death the life cycle.
Involving the games that went on it's not the normal games we think of its games to test your worth
of a person's true figures. This romantic tradition is over Gawain and how he discovers himself and
learns new things about himself and his cultures and while doing that he is doing what he wants and
making a great adventure happen. Over all this poem

Living Inside The Large City
Geneva
This is my home in Geneva. My family lives in a manor near a lake, and about a league outside of
the large city, because we don't like living inside the large bustling city, which currently has a
population of around 37000. [1] I am about to leave home to continue my education. I am going to
miss my family and friends here, but I need to pursue my dreams, and I could always visit home if I
miss it. Pursuing science and philosophy has been a dream of mine since I was a small child, and
saw a tree struck by lightning. [ch. 2] I can finally satisfy this lust more so than I had by reading
every one of those old books about the wonders of philosophy and alchemy.
Geneva
Elizabeth had fallen ill with Scarlet Fever. However, while she ... Show more content on
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[3] To put it in my own words, "Mont Blanc, the supreme and magnificent Mont Blanc, raised itself
from the surrounding aiguilles, and its tremendous dome overlooked the valley." [ch. 9] I had
thought I saw the monster, but the monster had seen me as well. He confronted me in the valley and
told me his life story of everything he could remember from after his creation. I can't help but feel
sorry for this creature that I had brought into life so miserable.
I am in England now, which is just a resting point on my journey. I am with my friend best friend,
Henry Clerval. I have decided to make a wife for the monster, and need to find a place to do so. But
I shall remain in London for a few months. It is nice to visit these places that I have heard of even in
Geneva, such as Greenwich, which has recently been established as the prime meridian for all maps.
[4] I wish I could be happy, at least for Henry's sake, but every time I come close to being happy, I
think of poor William and Justine, the deaths of whom I feel responsible for, and I cannot feel happy
knowing what I had done. [ch. 19]
At the advice of someone who once stayed in my family's house in Geneva, I have decided to go to
Scotland, where I will set up my lab and finish my goal, specifically in the Orkneys Islands, which
are small, fertile, remote islands. [5] I have picked a small island that is just a small rock with water
beating it on all

Erin Lashley. Kathryn Schroder. English Iv Honours. 6...
Erin Lashley
Kathryn Schroder
English IV Honours
6 December 2016
The Landscapes of Frankenstein
Gothic stories often display extreme landscapes, power struggles, and passionate characters, all of
which Mary Shelley includes in her novel Frankenstein. By including these in her writing, Shelley
has expanded her metaphors to help the reader gain extra knowledge about both of her main
characters, Victor Frankenstein and the Monster.
From the opening landscape, the reader begins to get the feeling that this will be an interesting story.
A man found wandering the North Pole, who the reader later learns is Victor Frankenstein, suffers
through sub–freezing temperatures, intense winds, lack of adequate food and water, and an
exhausting lack of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No matter how much he learns about the world and about himself, he will always be treated as an
outcast and as a monster. He no longer trusts humans, as his attempts at friendship were ruined due
to his hideous and intimidating appearance. He tries to befriend an old man, but the family chases
him off. He tries rescuing a little girl, but her father shoots him. He tries talking to a passerby, but
once he discovers he is the brother of his creator, he kills him in his rage and blames another.
Because of what he has learned since his creation, the Monster pleads with Frankenstein. He tries to
explain his loneliness, and feels as though a companion who would share the same disconnect from
the rest of the world would be the only one who could be able to understand him.
While working on his second Monster, Frankenstein moves to the Orkneys for solitude. He joins the
five inhabitants, rents out one of the three huts there, and begins to work. He soon realizes that
although his first experiment brought him enthusiasm and excitement, his new project sickens him
and fills him with dread. With the cold wind whipping around the small island, he decides that
bringing another Monster into the world is not worth it, no matter the consequences. The reader sees
the power struggle between the two – the creator versus the created. Frankenstein feels as though he
owes it to the world to never repeat his mistake, while

Edwin Muir Research Paper
Edwin Muir, a 19th century poet, lived a long and fairly pleasant life, despite his early years. Muir
came into the world on the 15th of May in 1887, on one of the Orkney Islands. (Poem Hunter) His
parents were farmers, but in 1901 his parents and siblings, 6 in all including Muir, were forced off of
their land for financial reasons, and so they traveled to Glasgow. Once there, two of Muir's brothers,
along with both of his parents, passed away. With half of his family gone, Muir and the rest of his
siblings parted ways. Young and on his own with so little formal education, Edwin Muir scrounged
for work doing menial jobs such as being an office clerk or a factory worker. Finally, in 1913, Muir
didn't have to wait long to be published for his

How Does White Show Loyalty In The Once And Future King
"Loyalty is the pledge of truth to oneself and others"(Valves–Boardley).In his novel, The Once and
Future King, T.H. White demonstrates many aspects of loyalty. He shows loyalty within the families
of Morgause and her sons, and through King Arthur and his court.Loyalty to King Arthur is a
tenacious issue with the Knight's Court throughout White's writing. Sir Lancelot even questions
where his loyalty should be placed: with that being with friends, his code of chivalry, or even with
the love of his life.With that being said even though loyalty can occasionally be an intricate topic,
White demonstrates the great disadvantages and advantages of strong and weak loyalty through his
many great stories.
Loyalty can be identified between the Orkney ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"He loved Arthur and he loved Guenever and he hated himself. The best knight in the world:
everybody envied the esteem which surely must be his."(Josh,par.12).Given the following quote,
you can conclude that Lancelot is trying to deny the passion and feelings he has for Guenever, but
he must be true to himself, and that would require going after the woman he loves."I love Arthur and
I can't stand it when I see him looking at me, and know that he knows. You see Arthur loves us"
(White, 542).This is spoken by Sir Lancelot to Guenever when he had asked her to come away with
him, but she refused because she does not want to leave Arthur even though Lancelot insists that
Arthur does not mind.You can see here that loyalty can become a factor when it comes in between
friends or even family, and the critical decisions made by the characters is a perfect example from
White about how choosing where to place loyalty can often become complex and create a
complicated

Shieldmaidens In The Battle Of Brávelliar
In the 12th – century a Danish historian wrote about communities of "shieldmaidens" dressed like
men and devoted themselves to learning swordplay and other warlike skills, and that some 300 of
these shieldmaidens held the field in the Battle of Brávellir in the mid – eight century. An example
of this was a shieldmaiden named Lagertha, who fought alongside the famous Viking Ragnar
Lothbrok in a battle against the Swedes, and so impressed Ragnar with her courage that he sought
and won her hand in marriage. It seems that women in the Viking society did take up arms and
fought, especially when someone threatened them, their families or their property. Norse women
traveled alongside the men on the Viking long boats. They also played an active

Themes in Sir Gareth
Sir Thomas Malory wrote Le Morte d'Arthur in the middle of the fifteenth century and it has now
become a paradigmatic representation of Middle English Literature. In this essay I am going to look
closely at a section of The Tale of Sir Gareth of Orkney; paying close attention to style, theme and
lexis used as well as looking at how this passage fits into the society of the fifteenth century. The
extract I am going to examine is situated close to the start of the narrative; hence it provides key
introductions to characters. Unquestionably one of the main themes of this narrative is chivalry.
Chivalry was a concept well known in the fifteenth century and it was seen as the absolute ideal way
to conduct oneself ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are insulting terms in a chivalric society; the reader sees Kay must be overcome in order for
the hero to succeed. In the lexicon used by Kay are the words '"browes"' and '"hog"'. 'Browes' can be
used to describe a hill and the word 'hoge' means hill also, this represents Kay as something which
must be conquered. Kay says that Gareth should have asked for 'horse and armour' showing that he
is the opposite of chivalric – the antithesis of a role–model. Gareth feels he must prove himself to
earn his horse and armour, it is not honourable to be gifted these things. Kay is also disrespectful, he
'scorned and mocked' Gareth, these words have connotations of being cheated or deceived again
highlighting Kay as an untrustworthy character. Kay shows contempt for Gareth and no mutual
respect, a cornerstone or chivalric value, by likening him to a '"porke hog"', an ugly, bestial
metaphor. The fifteenth century was a period where knighthood was in decline and the middle
classes were becoming prevalent within society. I believe it is possible Sir Gareth of Orkney was
written in order to provide a template of chivalry for the middle classes. It was a fear amongst the
aristocracy that the middle classes would rise up and usher in a new society. It is possible that
Malory's depiction of chivalry here is attempting to show the

The Queen Of Air And Darkness Analysis
**The Queen of Air and Darkness, a novel written by T.H. White, mainly follows the lives of King
Arthur and Morgause, as well as those around them. King Arthur is beginning his reign after pulling
a sword of a stone and discovering he is the rightful king of England while Morgause is living a life
of selfishness in the Lothian territories with her four sons. In The Queen Of Air and Darkness, White
uses diction and tone to express the importance of devotion in the world through the Orkney boys'
relationship with their mother, King Pellinore's love for Piggy, and Arthur's mission of making the
world a better place. Morgause pays minimal attention to her sons while also using their devotion
against them. Nevertheless, the Orkney boys are willing to spend their lives fighting against the
government of England, specifically Arthur. All of their lives Morgause has drilled into their minds
what she wants them to believe, especially the fact that her words are always true. A story that she
tells them often is the reason King Lot, the boys' father, has gone away to fight against the
Pendragons. She explains the lineage of Arthur, and that it is the Orkney family's obligation to get
revenge. Therefore, when the boys hear her tell her "favorite story" (210), they consequently accept
it as truth without a second thought. For no other reason except that she once told them to hate the
Pendragons, they are willing to lose their father and spend their entire lives "avenging their

Essay on The Collapse of the Greenland Norse
In Jared Diamond's novel 'Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed' he discusses many
civilizations that moved away from their homelands, grew in population, and then either failed or
succeeded in their new environments. Throughout this essay I will attempt to explain the Collapse of
the Greenland Norse, one of the many societies to rise and fall. The Greenland Norse faced multiple
challenges including economical, agricultural, and unfriendly neighbors. Alongside Greenland other
North Atlantic islands faced geographical challenges that lead to some of their falls as well. Yet, first
I will discuss why the Norse left Scandinavia in search of new terrain. Similarly to other expansions
the Norse, also known as Vikings, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
195). Next in line are the Faeroes which lies in mild oceanic climates, but has a shorter growing
season than Orkneys and Shetland Island (Collapse pg. 196). On top of that, the Faeroes were also
known to be wet, foggy, and rainy for over two hundred days out of the year. Perhaps the largest
island other then Greenland itself, was Iceland which was made out of volcanic fire, ice, water, and
wind laying on the Mid–Atlantic Ridge. Now that we've talked about the challenges faced on the
smaller North Atlantic islands, let's go over the problems faced on Greenland by the Norse.
Greenland agriculture was so minimal that most native Norse never saw wheat, bread, or beer made
from barley in their lifetime. In fact, if the Norse did grow any crops, they would have made only an
extremely minor contribution to the diet. Probably just as an occasional luxury food for a few chiefs
and clergy (Collapse pg. 227). As far as the Greenland Norse economy went it was vital that they
were able to work together for the greater good of the whole community. On page (235) of Collapse
it states, "Different Greenland locations produced different things, such that people at different
locations depended on each other for the things that they did not produce." Clearly that sentence
shows how interlinked Greenland Norse society was at the time. Unfortunately for the Norse even
though they were a strong society and interlinked closely

The Stone Circles And The United Kingdom
Stone circles are found all around the United Kingdom. These structures vary in size and meaning,
but are usually regarded as being sacred. Many theories have been crafted over time concerning
stone circles, however, their true known origins and uses are vague and open for interpretation,
which makes them a complex topic to discuss and research. By looking at stone circles throughout
the United Kingdom and examining the ways in which they connect to folktales, cultural practices,
and current ideas, we are able to draw information regarding their importance and expand our
understanding of a significant part of Britain and Ireland's ancient material culture. Stone circles are
found all over the world, but the most notable are found in Europe. The earliest known stone circles
were found in the United Kingdom during the Neolithic period and have been speculated upon for
many years. Archaeological evidence indicates that stone circles had several applications such as
religious ceremonies, agricultural practices, and solar and lunar observatories. While researching
this topic, I came across a large amount of information regarding Stonehenge and other well–known
stone circles, however, as I continued researching, I began to examine lesser–known stone circle
formations and was able to trace more connections to British and Irish folklore. The more obscure
stone circles of Marchrie Moore and the Orkney Islands, that I took a particular interest in echo the
importance of

Mental Discovery In Frankenstein
As a boy, Victor Frankenstein had always had "an eager desire to learn" (Shelly, 19). In his
childhood, he read the work of Agrippa and there his fascination manifested with the thought of
educating himself. As he got older, he decided with his family that he needed to further his
education by attending University, leading to him enrolling at the University of Ingolstadt. This
marks the beginning of the long journey of obsession he embarked upon. At the University, he met a
professor by the name of M. Waldmen, Victor's source of inspiration and his introduction to what he
says was his "sole occupation" (29), the reanimation of life. Victor seemed to have found his true
meaning of life and set out to make this discovery and wouldn't stop working until he reached the
answer. His curiosity of the psychical sciences increased everyday along with his obsession of
creating the creature and untimely starting a second one. Throughout the story, Victor encounters
two situations where he has to put everything on hold and create something that will forever change
his life. The place where Victor first begins his mental downfall begins in his laboratory in
Ingolstadt, a large town near the south end of Germany. Victor's laboratory was a "solitary chamber,
or rather a cell, at the top of the house, and separated from all the other apartments" (33). During the
time period of creating the creature, Victor's psychological state transformed from a happy,
intelligent man who's only desire

Who Is Margo Lanagan's Sea Hearts?
Margo Lanagan's novel, Sea Hearts, is set in a world that seems so close to our own and is at once
familiar despite its strangeness. The bulk of the novel takes place in Potshead, a small village
nestled away on the remote island of Rollrock. There, the bitter sea–witch Misskaella uses magic to
'sing' beautiful women from the bodies of seals that frequent the island. The selkie tale is an old one,
most common on the islands of Orkney and Shetland. Drawing on this ancient legend, Langan
skilfully blends myth and history to create a novel that is removed from our own world with its
mythic origins, and yet it is still firmly a part of it. The story is revealed through the eyes of six
first–person narrators, who tell the islands doomed history ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
One of the purposes of dialogue is to bring about a strong sense of time and place, which in turn
brings forth the world of the story. Setting affects the way a character speaks; so to craft a truly
immerse world in which a story will occur, the dialogue should be influenced by the place in which
it is set. Sea Hearts stand outs in it its careful amalgamation of speech and setting. The language of
Sea Hearts is distinctive in its style; the dialogue especially gives a unique flavour to the world.
Familiar words are tweaked by rearranging a letter or sound. Phrases both dated and imagined give
the characters and their world a voice that is from a place and time decidedly outside of our own.
Mums and babies are referred to as 'mams and babs' and descriptions such as '...', '...' and '...' are
used throughout. The poetic language shapes a community raised on sea tales and salt air. The
weather–beaten fisher folk off Rollrock are reminiscent of those from the North Sea, the region
where the selkie legends originated. With the Gealic inflection present in the islanders' speech,
Rollrock could be on one of the many islands that lie along the Scottish

Essay European Romanticism
Romanticism was a movement in art and literature that started in the late 18th century and continued
throughout the 19th century in Europe and America. The movement rebelled against classicism. The
basic idea in Romanticism is that reason cannot explain everything. This in contrast to the Age of
Enlightenment, which focused more on scientific and rational thinking, Romantics searched for
deeper appeals, emotional directness of personal experience and visionary relationship to
imagination and aspiration. Romantics favoured more natural, emotional and personal artistic
themes. Some of the most notable writers of Romanticism were Mary Shelley, Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe, Victor Hugo, Jean–Jacques Rousseau, and Friedrich von Schiller. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There meets Victor weakened by cold in a sledge. In the play, victor compares the landscapes of
Orkney with that of his native country as distinct. He describes Orkney as cold and rough whereas
Switzerland was colorful and lively. He explains the beauty of nature in his words as "It was a most
beautiful season; never did the fields bestow a more
plentiful harvest or the vines yield a more luxuriant vintage, but my eyes were insensible to the
charms of nature". Frankenstein is clearly a romantic novel striving against the
traditional boundaries. Victor was involved in developing a monster against the advice of his
professors. He was trying to be a perfect scientist. Not only Victor, the monster character too was
portrayed to strive against the traditional boundaries by trying to make a connection with the human
world and with other living beings. Because the monster could not succeed in making that
connection, it was asking Victor to create another monster for its company. The author makes the
characters to show deep desire and emotions even though those are not achievable which are
romantic.
Les Miserables is a characteristic romantic work in both theme and form. In theme the novel
assaults the traditional social structure, glorifies freedom of thought and spirit, and makes a hero of
the average individual. In this novel the several characters were portrayed as heros. It follows the
lives and interactions of several French

What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain
What impact did the Vikings have on North Britain?
Shortly before the ninth century, North–west Europe was exposed to raids and attacks from the
Scandinavians. They had discovered the wealth that could be obtained from the richer communities
of Britain and Frankia, both in currency and natural resources (the latter being found especially in
Ireland). As time went on, during the course of the ninth century, the leaders of the attacks on these
countries grew more ambitious and soon there were different motives for raiding these places. Many
leaders had become content to stay and settle permanently in these abundantly richer countries. This
process of Viking settlement led to the integration of two cultures, between the peoples of the ...
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Soon after, Orkney, Shetland and the majority of the western Isles had fallen to the new
Scandinavian settlers. In 839, the Vikings had enjoyed a major victory in which the King of Fortriu,
Eogan mac Oengusa and the King of Dal Riata, Aed mac Boanta were both killed in battle. In 867
the Vikings had seized control of Northubria forming the Kingdom of York . Which is also
mentioned in the Annals of Ulster; "The dark foreigners won a battle over the northern Saxons at
York." Approximately three years after, Dunbarton was also taken over as well, leaving a newly
combined Pictish and Gaelic kingdom which had been brought together by Cinead mac Alpin ( or
more commonly known as Kenneth Alpin), leaving the Kingdom almost entirely encircled by the
new Scandinavian settlers
The usual perception of Vikings plays reference to their role mainly as raiders, being disruptive and
destructive. However conquerors and colonists made a more positive contribution by encouraging
commerce, the growth of towns and re–shaping political structures. We can see this by the fact that
much of North England had been

The Romantic Movement Of Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein, And...
Frankenstein: Romanticism
The novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, demonstrates many different romantic ideals such as, the
adoration of nature, extreme location, nationalism and exaggeration of emotions. The romantic
movement was in response to the reason and logic dominated enlightenment era. Frankenstein,
contrary to the enlightenment, demonstrates romanticism through glorifying one's feelings and
straying from the classroom towards nature. Shelley's ideals paralleled that of: Edmund Burke, Jean
Jacques Rousseau, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Locke and the poem, "The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner", all of which express romantic ideals.
Nature is very important to romantics; it is a departure from the enlightened ideals of study and the
"classroom" environment. Dr. Victor Frankenstein shows a great appreciation of nature through
diction, especially through Edmund Burke's idea of the sublime. Burke's article, On the Sublime,
defines sublimity in relation to nature, "astonishing [...] with a degree of horror", which is a feeling
Dr. Frankenstein frequently describes when he is in nature. In one passage, Frankenstein uses the
words, "troubled", "awful majesty", "wonderful and stupendous", "vast" and "glittering" (Shelley
101). These words resemble the "sublime" by combining the beauty of nature and the terror it's
vastness brings, just as Burke illustrates. Shelley also uses imagery. Imagery portrays the beauty that
the character's see in nature to the reader. One instance of

The History Of Golf
A game that is now included in popular sports championships across continents has its roots deep in
history. We have heard of English royals playing the games in early 17th century especially in south
east of Scotland and beyond to the far north, to the remote Orkney Islands. But the historical
beginning of gold is even further that.
Since the earliest of times, man has used a stick and a rock to turn his drudgery into a game. There
was a phase when he swung the stick at the rock and propelled it towards some predetermined point.
This activity, it can be deduced, was the precursor of golf. Interestingly though, it was also the
precursor to just about all the sports that need a ball and some object (like a baseball or cricket bat
and even the billiards stick) to propel it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since there were no political boundaries in the earliest times, no definite answer can be given to this
question. And therefore, many countries invented it.
With the presence of sticks and the objects that could be hit with it, there was what we now call
'golf'. Although the names did not appear in those times there were many games of early man that
can be compared to or be termed as originators of golf.
Almost all geographical areas around the world have some claim to the beginning of golf. When we
look at these areas with their modern names, Scotland has the most cherished claim. And then there
are Rome, England, France, Holland, Belgium, and also Laos.
The name 'golf' is believed to have originated from the Dutch word ʹcolf,ʹ that stands for ʹclub.ʹ In
the medieval ages, golf was also called "spel metten colve,' that literally implied ʹgame with

Skara Brae- A Stone Age Village
Skara Brae is a Neolithic (stone age) village located on the Orkney Islands, found north of Scotland
(see image 1). Using radiocarbon dating, it has been discovered that Skara Brae was one of the
earliest farming villages in Britain having been inhabited over 5000 years ago. It was due to
isolation and minimal changes to the landscape that a village that was created between 3100 and
2500 BC is one of the best preserved villages in northern Europe today.
Due to Skara Brae being prehistoric, and therefore, writing had not yet been developed, any
evidence found on the site is archaeological. This includes any physical remains or artifacts that help
reveals anything about the settlement. An example of an obvious of evidence are the 8 huts ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ash found also reveals that the hearth was used for cooking and even the burning of rubbish.
During the excavation stone, box–like structures were discovered and are believed to be the beds the
house's occupants slept on (seem image 2). It is thought that bracken would have been used as a sort
of mattress and skins from animals would have been used for blankets. However, due to the lack of
evidence, this theory remains unsupported. Although evidence was found that, "The inhabitants
seem to have taken bones to bed with them to gnaw for supper and the broken remains of such
repasts are found on the beds' floors" (Childe, 1931). It was also suggested that the bed was a
personal place that was used to hide valuable as artifacts such as beads and paint pots were found.
Additionally, the inhabitants might have had a separate women's and men's sleeping area as
decorative beads were found only in a selected area of beds.
Another furnishings found include a dresser in each house (see image 2). It was positioned directly
across from the door (an unhinged block of stone) and, like everything else, was made from stone.
Due to the two horizontal slabs of stone, it was deduced that it was a dresser used to store and
display any personal possessions. Also found in each hut were

The Tragedy Of Macbeth By Raphael Holinshed
Do we really know all of the facts about Macbeth solely based on Shakespeare 's play? Shakespeare
took great liberties with the material in Raphael Holinshed's series called, Holinshed's Chronicles,
altering it to suit his dramatic purposes (McGraw, 306). Most of the information in the play, The
Tragedy of Macbeth is based off of Holinshed's books, therefore, Macbeth is portrayed extremely
different in the play than he actually was in reality. Macbeth was born in c. 1005 at Alba, Scotland.
His parent's names' are Findlaech mac Ruaidri and Doada. Macbeth's father was Mormaer of Moray
until he was killed by his cousin's, Malcolm and Gillecomgain, which was possibly brought on by
Findlaech being too close to Malcolm II. His mother was the second daughter of Malcolm II
(bio.com). Macbeth married Gruoch, also mentioned by the name of Lady Macbeth in the play, and
she had a son named Lulach, which made him Macbeth's stepson (Heydt, 55–7). Macbeth died on
August 15, 1057 at Lumphanan, Scotland. He was buried in the Holy Isle of Iony, which was where
many of the Scottish kings were buried (bio.com). When Macbeth's father was murdered, he
disappeared for a while because he was not mature enough to take on that kind of responsibility so
someone else took his place until he was able to make rational decisions on his own and until he was
mature enough to carry on his father's legacy by taking on the title of Mormaer of Moray (Heydt,
55–7). Around 1032, Macbeth returned, and was

Nature Vs. Nurture In The Once And Future King
What makes us who we are? Does the answer lie in our genes, our environment, or in the way we
are raised? For years, there has been an on–going debate between nature and nurture. T.H. White,
author of The Once and Future King, explores the debate through many of the book's characters.
The issue clearly appears in the relationship of Queen Morgause and her sons, the Orkney brothers.
The debate caused people to pick a side, to pick nature over nurture, or nurture over nature.
However, it does not have to be one or the other. Nature and nurture work together to determine who
we are. Nature does not simply determine our physical traits. In Alina Tugend's article, "For the Best
of the Best, Determination Outweighs Nature and Nurture," Tugend ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Environmental factors affect our actions and eventually our characteristics. "Top–notch musicians
are usually born into families where music plays a dominant role. The same is true with sports or
any other endeavor" (Tugend 7). Tugend makes it very clear that our environment influences talent
development. Our environment, as well as experiences, can affect our likes or our dislikes, or our
personality traits. Through the characters of the Orkney brothers and their mother Queen Morgause
in the novel The Once and Future King, T.H. White explores nature versus nurture. When T.H.
White first introduces these characters he explains that Queen Morgause had brought up her sons
"with an imperfect sense of right and wrong. It was as if they could never know when they were
being good or when they were being bad" (White 214). This leads you to understand the
questionable actions of Agravaine, one of the Orkney brothers. Because Agravaine was not taught
right from wrong, it did not seem bad, or good, that he aggressively kills an innocent unicorn. In his
article "Nature vs. Nurture Revisited," Kevin Davies, author of Cracking the Genome: Inside the
Race to Unlock Human DNA, revisits the debate between nature and nurture. Davies points out that
"even the most diehard geneticists acknowledge that the environment plays a major role in shaping
our behavior, temperament, and intelligence" (Davies 8). A child that did not grow up in an
educational

Satire and Tone in "The Once and Future King" Essay
There is a direct link in Book I and Book IV of the Once and Future King from the animation and
adventure that Wart experiences to the fall of King Arthur's reign. The shift is long and detailed but
in the end everything ties together. Although at points the plot is grim, White throws in a little bit of
satire throughout every book, for example in Book II when the Orkney environment is harsh but
then it is contradicted by the behavior of Sir Pellinore, Sir Grummore, and Sir Palomides. In Book
III, it is very descriptive and tedious with a darker tone, but then also is offset by Lancelot's
adventures. It is evident that the tone changes drastically from Book I to Book IV but what I noticed,
is that the same themes and ideas are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arthur is simple minded and optimistic and has hopes of things that are way out of his league to
even expect to happen. He takes on the same traits when he was a young boy in Forest Sauvage,
naïve and feeling strongly about justice. Although Arthur may have known about Jenny and
Lancelot, he didn't say anything because he didn't want them to suffer so he acted completely
oblivious to the entire situation. Because of Arthur's childlike attitude, it affected all three of them
tremendously and also Arthur's form of government. Another theme that is in effect in both books is
the importance of knighthood. The playfulness of this still appears in Book I and Book IV, for
example, King Pellinore's refusal to kill the Questing Beast is as pointless as the trials by combat
that happen in the fourth book. The Once and Future King not only revolved around knighthood and
chivalry, but it implied what was to happen in the future. It was easy to pick up on the
foreshadowing in both of these books. In the first book for example, Merlyn can see the future so
therefore he prepares the Wart for what is ahead of him. While Wart explores the animal kingdom he
realizes that "Might is Right" is unjust from what he saw from the ants, and Mr. P. While reading
book one I knew that Arthur was going to be king because there were insinuations leading up to the
point of his rein. Toward the near end of the book Thomas is presented and

Essay on the Works of George Mackay Brown
Controlled Assessment Task Unit 3 part a: Understanding Written Text Explore the ways the writer
presents relationships between characters in the text you have studied. ESSAY PLAN intro – what I
will be writing about, state author and title of 7 stories, expand on author and brief about his
characters and island life section on relationships character, family, husband and wife, immediate
family (son/daughter), friends, community, outsiders, animals eg, horse items eg, spade write about
language similes, metaphors, factual, poetic, powerful short sentences, humour, narrative, dialogues
*** use lots of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately further along in the story Howie has to go to war and meets his demise. As the
postman delivers the terrible news to Howie's family via a telegram, all the villages see the postman
on his journey. Nothing is ever really spoken but the community is united in their grief – 'Through
the window she (Betsey) could see people moving towards the croft from all over the valley. 'he
news had got round, The mourners were gathering.' A further example of community spirit and
relationships is highlighted in The Paraffin Lamp. Old Thomas is away in hospital and the villagers
rally together and arrange to have electricity installed in his home whilst he is on the mainland. They
are looking after their own and helping each other in any way they can, small or large. They want to
make life that little bit easier for Thomas when he returns home. He has no living relatives; his
family is the community and they take it upon themselves to look after him, whether he wishes it or
not. Friendship is also a very important relationship for the Islanders. Friendships tend to be lifelong
as Islanders of this time are more likely to stay where they were born and have general mistrust for
outsiders and 'town folk'. I have had personal experience of this when I first went to my husband–
to–be village. I had only been there one night and the

The Tragic Hero In William Shakespeare's Macbeth
In Shakespeare's tragedy "The Tragedy of Macbeth" Macbeth is a general in the army of King
Duncan. His character has a meeting with the three witches and in that meeting they declare that he
will not reign the throne but his children will. The power hungry soldier then seeks out numerous
other characters to murder so that he can taste the royalty for himself. While Macbeth is a fictional
character many believe that Shakespeare formed his character from the real Scottish king Mac
Bethad mac Findláich. The true Macbeth was born circa 1005 in Scotland to a mormaer of Moray
and the second daughter of Malcolm II. At a young age Macbeth was consigned to a Christian
monastery to be taught by monks which was a requirement for all chieftains' sons. Later at age
fifteen Macbeth's cousins murdered his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After six years of a mediocre rule, Duncan and his cousin's army were sought after by Thorfinn and
Macbeth's army for attacks on the Orkneys islands and southern Scotland. Though the odds were
stacked against the two rebels, they emerged victorious on August 14th, 1040. Macbeth defeated the
opposing army and killed Duncan as well. Soon after the fight, Macbeth was crowned king of
Scotland at the age of thirty–five. For seventeen years after Scotland was ruled peacefully by
Macbeth. In 1046, Siward, an of Northumbria, attempted to dethrone Macbeth. Although it cost
Macbeth's army three thousand troops he remained king. For three years following the initial attacks
by the invaders Macbeth were constantly being assaulted by Malcolm. Through all of this Macbeth
still proved to be resilient as king. Unfortunately, on August 15, 1057 Macbeth was killed at the
Battle of Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire by Malcolm's troops as he attempted to return to Moray.
Promptly after his death, his step son, Lulach was elected as high king only to be killed several
months later by the nefarious troops of

Income Inequality In The Uk Essay
Inequality in income became more noticeable since the early 1970s, when economic growth slowed
and the income gap widened. Like one famous American politician said, the great economic and
political issue of our time is the wealth and income inequality issue and it is the great moral issue of
our time, because it may lead to a range of negative social outcomes. The UK has seen significant
variation in inequality growth over the last three decades. Income inequality, for all measures, rose
strongly in the 1980s, with some further rise in the late 1990s (Blundel 2009). Wage inequality in
the UK grew rapidly during the 1980s and continued to increase during the 1990s, before slowing in
the 2000s and overall over the past three decades, wage gaps have increased more in the UK than in
most other developed countries (Lee 2013). In Scotland since 1997 disposal income increased by
74.8% (in 'cash' terms). However, there has been variation in the level of increase across Scotland.
The area that has seen the highest increase in disposable income is the Orkney Islands, having
increased by almost £10,500 or 141%, compared to Glasgow, which has seen the lowest increase of
around £5,500 or 63% (Aiton 2014). Hence, we can see that the growth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
There has been significant progress in reducing relative poverty since 1999 until 2004, when it
slowed down and the absolute poverty rates in Scotland have been broadly the same since then.
However, the difference between the absolute poverty rates before and after housing costs has
widened from 1 percentage point in 2007/08 to 3 percentage points in 2009/10. Material deprivation
varies more than low–income poverty, when comparing types of locality. In the poorest local
authorities between a quarter and a third of households are poor in terms of low income and/or
material deprivation. However, in rural local authorities in Scotland poverty levels are generally
lower (Bramley

How Does Shelley Use Supernatural Elements In Frankenstein
Gothic novels tend to explore the mysterious and unexplained supernatural phenomena and ghosts.
Frankenstein falls under the gothic genre because of the books general themes and context, Shelley
describes reanimating a dead body. Throughout the book Shelley builds suspense for the readers,
which is a distinctive feature for the gothic genre. Frankenstein combines ominous scenery,
mysterious characters, and the monster itself that creates the feeling of impending doom on
everyone. In Frankenstein, Shelley uses mysterious circumstances to have Victor create the monster
like, the cloudy circumstances under which Victor gathers body parts for his experiments and the
use of little known modern technologies for unnatural purposes. Shelley employs the supernatural
elements of raising the dead and gruesome research into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He himself felt horror struck when he looks at his own creation the yellow skin which barely
covered the muscles and arteries, watery eyes almost of the same color as dun white sockets, a
shriveled complexion and black–lips. The gigantic figure he creates horrifies him and he rushes out,
tries to get sleep finds the monster looking at him; the very sight shocks him and he rushes out to
spend the entire night walking about in the yard below. There is then the monster's attempt to
persuade the child William to befriend him and strangle him. Though the narratives come from the
mouth of the Monster to Victor and Victor to Walton, the effect is still uncanny and eerie. The same
feelings are shown by the long chase by Victor all through the wilds, hazardous terrains, then getting
a sledge, exchanging it with another to pursue the monster as he follows the words carved and
engraved on the bark of the trees and on stones, and finally, getting trapped in the ice. All of these
descriptions add on to the sense of fear and

The Once And Future King Analysis
Good ideas exist everywhere, but the bad news is that they can be used for the wrong purposes.
Even in The Once and Future King by T. H. White, this proposition eventually comes to pass by
King Arthur. King Arthur's idea for the Knights of the Round Table soon crumbled over time
because he became so entangled in preserving his idea that his optimism shielded him from the
reality of what was truly going on with his kingdom, knights, and the war. By the beginning of
Arthur's reign, he already started to fight wars against the opposing kingdom of, Orkney. Gawaine
mentioned in the story he and his brothers told each other that these wars had originated from what
King Uther had done to Orkney in the past. Pendragon had killed the Count of Cornwall

What Role Does Nature Play In Frankenstein
Nature is obvious in the novel "Frankenstein", and it plays a dominant role throughout the novel.
Nature has therapeutic powers for Victor Frankenstein. Shelley has pointed to its importance starting
with Victor's childhood until the end of the novel. Nature does not only affect Victor but it also
affects the monster. It becomes Victor's way of escapism. The monster escapes to nature when he
realises that people reject him as they think that he is extremely ugly and he knows that he cannot be
among people; therefore, he hides in the cave and he starts to observe the world. He also isolates
physically and emotionally, as goes to the end of the earth. Frozen area and ice are reflections to this
isolation. The murder of William and Justine by

Book Report: The Once And Future King
The Once and Future King is written by T. H. White in 1958. I choose this book because I loved
watching The Sword in the Stone as a child and thought it would be interesting to read the true story.
The book consists of four parts: The Sword in the Stone, The Queen of Air and Darkness, The Ill–
Made Knight, and The Candle in the Wind. Each part contains wonderful stories about King Arthur
and his round table.
The first part is named The Sword in the Stone and it serves as an exposition of the book. A little
boy named Wart is in the forest with his foster–brother Kay, the son of Sir Ector. They accidentally
lost a hawk in the forest trying to see if it would fly and Wart runs off to find it while Kay walks
back to their home not wanting to waste his time. Lost in forest finding the hawk Wart stumbles
across a cottage home to a warlock that is sitting waiting for him with his owl Archimedes. The
warlock, Merlyn, tells Wart that he will be his tutor. For the next six ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
H. White's The Once and Future King demonstrates that through the hardest times, the people
around you make it all worth it. Lancelot was in trouble for having an affair with Guenevere and
didn't know what to do but Guenevere helped him through it. Being exiled from the place you call
home isn't easy and Lancelot and Guenevere had to go through it. Being with each other made them
realize what they were fighting for and they were able to come up with a plan to get them out of the
situation. King Arthur had a hard time finding out that the mother of his child, Morgause, was his
sister. It took a toll on him and he didn't tell anyone for a while. His secret started to get to him and
he knew he had to tell someone so he told Lancelot and Queen Guenevere. Arthur having a child
with his sister made him think that the two people he cared about most would be disgusted but they
were supportive of him. That support made Arthur realize that he can get through the secret with
Morgause and live on with his

The Vikings : The Last And Most Dramatic Exodus
In 793 the monks on the island of Lindisfarne, off the northeast coast of England, are unpleasantly
surprised by the arrival of violent raiders from the sea. Their misfortune is the first clearly dated
event in the saga of the Vikings – the last and most dramatic exodus in the long story of migration
from Scandinavia, the original home of the Goths and Vandals.
The name Viking is thought to derive from vikingr, a word for 'pirate ' in the early Scandinavian
languages. It accurately describes the Norsemen who for two centuries raid the coasts of Britain and
of northwest France. But in many places the Scandinavians also settle – in the islands of the north
Atlantic, in the British Isles, in Normandy, in Sicily and in the very heart of Russia.
It is impossible to assign the various Viking groups at all precisely to places of origin. But broadly
speaking, adventurers from the coast of Norway raid the north of England and continue round the
Scottish coast to Ireland. Vikings from the same region later settle in the Scottish islands, Iceland
and parts of Ireland.
The Vikings invading eastern Britain and northwest France, and eventually settling in both regions,
come mainly from Denmark. The Swedes raid across the Baltic and penetrate deep into Russia as
traders.
The Vikings and the British Isles: 9th – 10th century
The coasts of the British isles are now dotted with monasteries, not yet rich by the standards of
medieval monasticism but with sufficient

Gordon Childe Research Paper
Let us begin by going back to a time before the Great Wall, The Great Pyramids, and even
Stonehenge. A time that could not even fathom the thought of metal tools and tall buildings. This
time is the Neolithic period between 3180–2500 BCE and the location is the west coast of the
mainland of Orkney in Scotland. There you will find the ancient ruins of Skara Brae. During the
winter of 1850 a massive storm hit the coast of Orkney. A combination of fierce winds and high
tides stipped the top layer of soil from the ground to reveal the outline of an old building. Intrigued
by the outlines the local laird, William Watt of Skill, started excavating the site too see what he
could find. In 1868 the site was abandoned for unknown reasons and in later ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This wall was to keep anymore debris from collecting into the site that Childe would have to clear
out. Now, once Childe got there in 1927, that is when the fun began. For the first building they had
to work fast because no work was done to try to preserve the building that was left exposed to the
elements. The first chamber was excavated they were amazed by what they found. The chamber was
filled with over three–thousand beads, animal teeth, and bone needles. All of the artifacts are
thought to of been a symbol of status because they would hand make jewelry. The second chamber
also had animals bones, called astragali scattered around but, it was also found with shells. Astragali
were thought to be used as dice and, being found with the shells, was used as a game. Chamber
number four was fascinating because of the the tools found. An ax–like bone tool that was most
likely used for skinning animals, a bone chisel, a tusk pendant, and an awl which is a tool for
marking wood were all found there. 1928 is when excavation on chambers 6 and 7 begun. These two
where were Childe found large deposits of midden or waste. In the midden was bones of multiple
animals, including whale, sheep, and short horned bull. Also, they found excrements that proved
useful in telling Childe about what they ate.
After excavations were over in 1929, Childe gathered all of his data for analization. He found flint,
pins,

The Creature's Personality In Frankenstein
In Frankenstein we see the creature's personality multiple forms throughout the reading. These traits
are constantly jumping around throughout the story . For example, On one of the remote Orkney
Islands, Frankenstein tears apart the mate he has verging on finished for his beast, he feels
something like regret. "I almost felt as if I had mangled the living flesh of a human being." ( Chapter
20) The monster demonstrates his humanity through his capacity for emotion and self–reflection, his
ambitious personality, and the human origin of his body. His aggressive actions are merely a result
of his isolation from society and do not stem from an innate predisposition to violence. The monster
is the pictured by victor to have a heart of gold when

Orkney Island
In 3200 B.C. a couple of Scotland farmers that lived in Orkney Islands decided they would build
something amazing. Everyday life in Orkney was way more cultured than we ever imagined. The
houses had hearths,beds,and even cupboards. Orkney had fertile soil and a warm climate. This made
the land more profitable for the farmers. The residents of Orkney Built complex buildings that that
they ever thought possible. The residents of Orkney used thousands of heavy Sand stones, then
carried them several miles to a grassland. The walls they built were like the ones roman would have
done to build the walls of Hadrian. One of the buildings was 80 feet long and 60 feet wide. The
buildings had paved pathways, carved stonework, and the roofs were built of either sod, ... Show
There were thousand of rune sites that for the most part were untouched. The archaeologists
discovered a stone age village. The village was known as Skara Brae and was thought to be build
around 3100 B.C.. The dwellings were connected to each other by covered pathways. The
beds,cupboards, and hearths were made out of stone. One of the biggest discoveries made in Orkney
was in 2002, when they discovered under the ground there were large man–made anomalies. The
archaeologist had not even started digging until the year 2008. Today only 10 percent of man–made
creations have be dug up. Some of the items there found were stone axes,mace heads,flint
knives,thumb pots,pottery, and more than 650 pieces of art. The art offers archaeologist and insight
of the people who had created the art. One of the structures created were thought of been a paint
shop, that was complete with different types of pigments from different rocks. The main paint colors
were red,yellow, and white. The farmers cleared away the woodlands that covered the landscape.
The estimated population of Orkney was over 10,000. The Orcadians had plenty of crops,sandstone,
and land for

Summary Of Addiction In The Free Market
Introduction
The essay Addiction in the Free Market by Bruce K. Alexander and Stefa Shaler argues that the free
market leads to mass addiction because it universally dislocates their members. The purpose of this
essay is to persuade the reader that there is a connection between the development of addiction and
the free market. Ultimately the free market is an unhealthy system that only benefits politicians and
free market leaders. It should be replaced for a system where each members support and protect
each other.
Summary
The authors explain that addiction is caused by people adopting excessive habit to compensate for
the painful void from lack of psychosocial integration. The lack of psychosocial integration is rooted
from the dislocation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that the definition and the idea of addiction has changed in order to financially benefit
politics, free market leaders, and institutions against crime.
This is a scheme to make the free market look more unappealing known as the ad hominem. It is a
logical fallacy that does not strengthen the argument through reasoning or evidence, but connects
with the reader emotionally to gain the reader's support. By saying that the free market benefits the
politicians, free market leaders and institutions against crime looks as if it operates on greed, thus
giving it a bad connotation. But this does not reinforce the idea that the free market is the cause of
addiction

The Impact Of Viking Raids On The British Isles
Coming from Scandinavian countries, predominantly Denmark and Norway, the Vikings began
raiding the British Isles in the late 700s (James). The Vikings primarily targeted monasteries,
because that is where most of the wealth was concentrated (Loughrey). These raids were very
violent, people were killed, and the survivors were sold into slavery (Loughrey). These violent raids
earned the Vikings the reputation of barbarians, much like the Mongols a few centuries later in Asia.
After some time, once the Vikings exhausted most of the wealth in the monasteries, they turned their
interest into settling the British Isles (James). By the late 9th century the Vikings had conquered
most of England (James). However, even though these Viking kingdoms did not last very long, the
Scandinavians who resided there stayed. These Scandinavians would go on to change the British
Isles in many ways. Despite the violent and negative impacts of Viking raids on the British Isles,
once the Vikings settled down, they had a significant and positive peaceful impact on the British
Isles culturally, politically, and economically. The first of these positive impacts was on the culture
of the British Isles. One of the ways that the Vikings influenced the culture is evidenced by how they
changed the English language. Since Old Norse and Old English are very similar, it can be very hard
to detect where Old Norse coincides with modern English (Treharne 3). However, a very obvious
influence is seen in the

Frankenstein : Underlying Tones Of Romanticism
Frankenstein: Underlying Tones of Romanticism
By Nishaat Rupani
Unlike the ideas from the period of Enlightenment, which were comparatively more scientific and
rational in nature, the ideas from the period of Romanticism aimed to elevate the role of emotion,
instinct, spirit and soul. Although a number of critics argue that Frankenstein does not conform to
the brighter themes and subjects of the works of Mary Shelley's contemporaries, many critics argue
that Victor Frankenstein's story "initiates a rethinking of romantic rhetoric" (Guyer 76). Several
central themes and characteristics from the Romantic era are highlighted in the text. Romantic poets
always seemed to capture the sublime moment and experience, comparing the beautiful to ... Show
For example, Victor Frankenstein notes that Switzerland was cheerful and lively, while the Orkneys
is cold and barren. He describes the Swiss landscape, whose hills are covered with verdant vines and
whose blue lakes reflect the blue sky, as well as the winds of Switzerland, which are like the play of
an infant. On the other hand, the Orkneys is rather gray and rough, while its winds remind him of
tormented sea squalls (Shelley 42). His description of the landscape shows readers that the location
he chose to create a companion for the Creature is symbolic due to the stark contrast between the
two places. The comparison between the beautiful and the grotesque is also depicted through the
differences between Victor Frankenstein's world and the Creature's world. Victor lives in a world
which is comparatively beautiful and colorful, while the Creature is forced to live in a world that is
comparatively bleak and dreary. These examples also showed readers how the meaning of sublimity
greatly varied between the period of Enlightenment and the period of Romanticism. As illustrated by
Harold Bloom and Lionel Trilling: "This sublimity is not a Sublime of great conceptions, before
which the self feels small, but rather of a hoped–for potential, in which the private self turns upon
infinitude, and so is found by its own greatness" (Bloom and Trilling

Many Of The Main Ideas Behind The Literary Movement Of
Many of the main ideas behind the literary movement of Romanticism can be seen in Frankenstein
by Mary Shelley. Although the dark motifs of her most remembered work, Frankenstein may not
seem to conform to the brighter tones and subjects of the poems of her husband Percy Bysshe
Shelley, and their contemporaries and friends, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
Mary Shelley was a contemporary of the romantic poets. Despite this apparent difference, Mary
Shelley was deeply influenced by the romantics, and the reader of Frankenstein can certainly
identify a number of characteristics of romanticism in this novel. Some critics have argued that
Frankenstein is actually more sophisticated than the prose of other romantic writers, as ... Show
This is one of the ways in which Shelley, then, both embraces and simultaneously contests this
particular romantic ideal. The moment which Shelley describes in Frankenstein is neither a moment
recalled from her personal experience, such as a contemplative moment in nature, nor is the
narrative voice her own, yet she is still portraying a particular quest to achieve the sublime. That
quest, of course, is Victor Frankenstein's effort to create a living being out of raw material in his
laboratory. It is particularly curious that this quest occurs within the confines of Victor's private,
secluded laboratory, which is unlike the natural, pastoral environments of so many romantic texts.
Yet, note the nature imagery in the following line, in which Victor expresses his feelings about the
undertaking in one of the important quotes from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley : "No one can
conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of
success," he tells the reader, recalling the heady project in his lab. "Life and death appeared to me
ideal bounds, which I should first break through.... A new species would bless me as its creator and
source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me" (Shelley 51). Victor
Frankenstein is aromatic character to the extent that he reflected the romantic writers' emphasis on a
new way of seeing. The romantics believed that it was individual and

Ushuaia Essay
USHUAIAAS A COMPLEMENTARY DESTINY OF ANTARCTICA The objective of this work
was to perform an analysis of the activities offered by tour operators, on the one hand, in Antarctica
and, on the other hand, in Ushuaia as a gateway, and to analyze how the destination can be
positioned as complementary destination of Antarctica. The province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica
and Southern Atlantic Islands is situated in the southern tip of South America in Argentina, and
comprises three different territorial areas: the eastern sector of the large island of Tierra del Fuego
and its adjacent islands, the Atlantic islands: Southern Falkland Islands, Southern Georgia and
Southern Sandwich Islands, and the Argentine Antarctica which also includes the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its name has a Yámana origin and means bay that penetrates towards the west. It is located at the
foot of the Martial Mountains, on the northern bank of the Beagle Channel. Taking into account the
preferences for new destinations away from the big urban centers and the geopolitical conflicts as
well as the need to get in touch with nature in places little altered by man, Ushuaia has become an
important point of attraction in recent years. Touristically Ushuaia is part of the Patagonian corridor
that includes Puerto Madryn and El Calafate. Of the total number of tourists registered in Ushuaia in
the 2003–2004 season, 77% of the visitors were foreigners and only 23% were locals. This is due to
the large participation of considerable size cruise ships. Ushuaia is included as a port of call in the
route of large tourist cruises that make trips around South America. In their routes the ports of the
South Atlantic Ocean are united with those of the South Pacific Ocean, crossing the Beagle Channel.
Among the ports of call we can mention Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Puerto Madryn, Falkland
Islands, Ushuaia, Punta Arenas, Puerto Montt and

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