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England's Early Colonial Efforts in North America
1.
2. As the 17th century dawned, the face of much of the New World had already been
profoundly transformed. By 1600, the southern half of the New World was in the grasp
of Spain, but North America remained largely unexplored and effectively unclaimed by
Europeans.
European powers planted three
primitive outposts in N. America
– identify them.
3. ENGLAND’S IMPERIAL STIRRINGS
Why were England’s efforts in the 1500’s to compete with Spain in the New World so feeble?
Explain the turmoil between England, Ireland, and Spain. At present, does Great Britain
continue to be affected from the turmoil occurring in the 1570’s and 1580’s?
4. ELIZABETH ENERGIZES ENGLAND
Protestant Elizabeth ascended to the English
throne in 1558, Protestantism became dominant
in England, and rivalry with Catholic Spain
intensified.
5. What moves did Queen Elizabeth make to
become a key player in the imperialistic
game?
6. Who was Francis Drake? Did he have the
support of Queen Elizabeth?
7. Identify the site of the first English attempt at colonization. What happened to it?
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13. The pathetic early English failures at colonization contrasted embarrassingly with the
glories of the Spanish Empire, whose profits were fabulous.
14. King Philip II used part of his imperial gains to amass an
“Invincible Armada” of ships for an invasion of England.
What factors led to the stunning English victory over
Spain’s “invincible” armada?
How was this victory a turning point for England’s
failures (what did the turnout mean for England &
Spain?)?
15. ENGLAND on the EVE of EMPIRE
Key factors motivated English colonization:
1. Growing population
2. Depression hit the wool industry in the 1500’s
3. Laws of primogeniture
4. Countryside landlords “enclosing” croplands for sheep grazing
16. By the early 1600’s, the joint-stock company, forerunner of the modern corporation, was
perfected. It enabled a considerable number of investors, called “adventurers,” to pool
their capital.
Thus, many factors including peace with Spain, population growth, unemployment, a thirst
for adventure, for markets, and for religious freedom provided the motives. Joint-stock
companies provided the financial means.
