Kinematics

Kinematics
Worksheet Kinematics 1. A body starts from rest and reaches a speed of 5 m/s after travelling with
uniform acceleration in a straight line for 2 s. Calculate the acceleration of the body.
2. A body starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration of 2m/s2 in a straight line.
a. Calculate the velocity after 5s.
b. Calculate the distance travelled in 5s.
c. Find the time taken for the body to reach 100m from its starting point.
3. An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the ground.
Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.
4. A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determine the skidding distance of the car (assume uniform acceleration). 12. A kangaroo is capable
of jumping to a height of 2.62 m. Determine the takeoff speed of the kangaroo. 13. If Michael
Jordan has a vertical leap of 1.29 m, then what is his takeoff speed and his hang time (total time to
move upwards to the peak and then return to the ground)? 14. A bullet leaves a rifle with a muzzle
velocity of 521 m/s. While accelerating through the barrel of the rifle, the bullet moves a distance of
0.840 m. Determine the acceleration of the bullet (assume a uniform acceleration). 15. A baseball is
popped straight up into the air and has a hang–time of 6.25 s. Determine the height to which the ball
rises before it reaches its peak. (Hint: the time to rise to the peak is one–half the total hang–time.)
16. The observation deck of tall skyscraper 370 m above the street. Determine the time required for
a penny to free fall from the deck to the street below. 17. A bullet is moving at a speed of 367 m/s
when it embeds into a lump of moist clay. The bullet penetrates for a distance of 0.0621 m.
Determine the acceleration of the bullet while moving into the clay. (Assume a uniform
acceleration.) 18. A stone is dropped into a deep well and is heard to hit the water 3.41 s after being
dropped. Determine the depth of the well. 19. It was once recorded that a Jaguar left skid marks
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Velocity and Smart Timer
Cruz, Romer Kevin C. Oct. 29, 2013
2010150921 Nov. 05, 2013
PHY10L/A11
Experiment # 2
KINEMATICS
Abstract – Kinematics of linear motion is defined as the studies of motion of objects without
considering the effects that produce the motion. This experiment will show how to determine the
linear motion with constant (uniform) velocity particularly the dynamic cart and linear motion with
constant (uniform) acceleration, (e.g. free fall of motion). At the end of the experiment we found out
that the velocity is a speed that involves direction of an object as well as the time. While for the
acceleration, it is directly proportional to the distance or height but inversely proportional to the
time. By close ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Adjust the track if the cart moves until it became stationary. We then attached the picket fence to the
cart. The first photo gate was set mounting at 25 cm mark and the second at 65 cm mark to the track.
We adjust the photo gates height so the picket fence attached to the cart will not touch the photo
gate. We securely placed the gates to the track perpendicular to minimize errors.
The phone plug of both photo gates are connected to the smart timer, photo gate 1 to channel 1 and
photo gate 2 to channel 2. We then set the mode of the smart timer to measure TIME, TWO GATES.
And press the third button on the smart timer to start/restart. The cart is placed at 0 cm mark on the
track. The cart was launched be pressing the trigger, we take the reading on the smart timer and
record this as the time interval for the first trial. The displacement is figured by subtracting the
distance of the first photo gate to the second photo gate. The cart is launch 5 times more, with each
launch adjusting the position of the photo gate 2 by 10 cm. Then we compute for the cart's average
speed. After the data gathering, we plot a graph with displacement against time.
Part B: Determination of Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Cart's Acceleration.
We set up the track with the 0 cm end elevated using a stand, with the end stop at the lower end and
record it as final position, Xf. The height, H of the track is adjusted to 10 cm as its initial height. We
placed the photo

Mechanics
UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN
|Centre |: Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS) |Unit Code |: FHSC1014 |
|Course |: Foundation in Science |Unit Title |: Mechanics |
|Year/ Trimester |: Year 1 / Trimester 1 |Lecturer | |
|Session |: 201605 | | |
Additional Tutorial 2: Vector and translational kinematics.
1. Find the x and y–components of: (a) a displacement of 200 ... Show more content on
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Tutorial 2: Vector and translational kinematics.
1. (a) Dx = 200 cos 30.0o = 173 km Dy = 200 sin 30.0o = 100 km (b) vx = 40.0 cos 120o = –20.0
km/h vy = 40.0 sin 120o = +34.6 km/h (c) Fx = 50.0 cos 330o = 43.3 N; Fy = 50.0 sin 330o = –25.0
N
2. [pic]
| Vector |x–component |y–component |
|F1 |–(21.0) sin30.0o = –10.5 N |+(21.0) cos30.0o = +18.2 N |
|F2 |+15.0 N |0 N |
|F3 |–(–10.5+15.0) = –4.5 N |–(18.2+0) = –18.2 N |
[pic] [pic]
3. Wx = 200 sin 300; Wx = 100 N, down the plane. Wy = 200 cos 300; Wy = 173 N, normal to the
plane.
4. The triple jump consists of a double jump in one direction, followed by a perpendicular single
jump, which we can represent with displacement vectors J and K and D = J + K. J = 4d and K = 2d
where [pic]. [pic] [pic]
5. (a) [pic] (b) When the faster car has a 15.0 min lead, it is ahead by a distance equal to that
traveled by the slower car in a time of 15.0 min. [pic] The faster car pulls ahead of the slower car at
a rate of

Front Facing Loops Research Paper
Now introducing the newest and most fascinating roller coaster of 2016, Tectonic Terror! This ride
features something no other has, frontal–facing loops! With this feature, riders will surely achieve
the ride of a lifetime, an aspect that patrons will never be able to experience anywhere else in the
universe. The atmosphere around you will set the mood to travel across the Earth; encountering a
waterfall of spring water, erupting volcanoes, and wind speeds that are impeccably fast. Traveling
through these elements will intrigue your mind and open you into a world of thrill and excitement.
As said before, one unique feature that almost no other ride in the world is frontal facing loops.
Therefore, at this specific point in time riders will be thrilled to the point of astonishment since the
g–forces acting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The work that is applied will then lead up to a great acceleration causing high amusement and high
wind speeds which is a key factor of the Earth. Now that you are aware of how you will be
traveling, here comes the most exhilarating portion of the ride, the end of the first loop! As soon as
you are twirled around, especially with the front facing loops, you will then be projected towards the
first spin of the roller coaster. During the time between your first pleasurable experience and the
turn, you will have the most amount of momentum. Without this factor you would not travel
anywhere, which would not create Tectonic Terror. Then, once you then reach the turn you will be
experiencing the greatest amount of centripetal acceleration since you are traveling in a curved path,
and not upside down. At this instant you will also weigh the largest since you are squished inside of
your seat as you are whipped around that first turn. (Which is also a large amount of fun since you
are traveling at such a

Designing A Rubber Band Powered Car Essay
Introduction The objective of this project was to construct a rubber band–powered car. This process
had two aspects: the assembly of the car and the analysis of the car. With trial and error, the car was
assembled successfully. Throughout the project, my partner and I used our knowledge of one–
dimensional kinematics. Completing the project with another person utilized both our collaboration
and communication skills. During the analysis process, we assessed the velocity and acceleration of
the car. The rubber band–powered car had to meet a set of specifications. The car needed to possess
three wheels, travel at least three meters in a straight line, have constant acceleration, move
dependably and easily, and look professional. Over the course of this project, my understanding of
one–dimensional kinematics increased by the hands–on creation of a rubber band–powered car.
Materials and Methods The rubber band powered–car was assembled with materials provided in the
classroom and supplemented with materials my partner and I had in our homes. The final product
has a strong cardboard base with a tube in the middle to thread the rubber band through. Connected
with hot glue, thin plastic dowels are attached to the wheels. Lightweight wheels lined with duct
tape are used to move the car. Bottle caps stabilize the CD wheels and dowels. A small plastic nub is
glued to one dowel. The rubber band is knotted onto the back dowel, stretched through the tube, and
placed over or under

The Green Spider Compare And Contrast
Numerous years ago, two men would leave their village for one reason and one reason only. That
reason was to meet in the dense forest west of their villages and race from the west end of it, to the
east end of it. Now these men weren't slow like other people are today. These men would run as fast
as the wind in a hurricane. Even after their demise, the men will still race each other in spirit in
every forest around the world today. Come relive their races today and ride the Rival Runners.
In fact, The Rival Runners coasters are boomerang style dueling coasters.Both of these coasters are
made of steel tubes manufactured in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Our coasters are named after the
persona of the two rivals. "The Green Spider" and "The Brown ... Show more content on
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As a result of the length of the ride, we have two different working trains stationed at the ride at a
time. The height restriction for this ride is a minimum of 48 inches (121.92 centimeters) and a
maximum height of 80 inches (203.2 centimeters).
Ultimately, considering the fact that such a copious amount of people can ride at once, you can take
the whole family to ride with you! After your experience, pick up a picture of your ride in the
picture booth for only $10.00–$20.00. There is the option of a 10 by 12 picture that is framed. A 2
by 3 snapshot for a keychain, or a 24 by 36 poster for your wall. Come here today to ride the Rival

Truck Acceleration Lab
Introduction Acceleration is the change in velocity. It is found through the equation, a=vt, the
change in velocity over the change in time. If a truck was to drive down a hill, how would its
velocity change? Would the truck gain speed or slow down? Now rethink this situation with the
truck loaded with heavy deliveries. How much of an effect would the heavy deliveries have on the
acceleration of the truck?
Figure 1: Truck Visual
That was exactly the focus of this investigation. In figure 1, the truck would represent the cart, the
heavy deliveries would represent the weights, and the hill would represent the ramp. This models
the relationship between weight and acceleration. Based on this example, a hypothesis was
constructed–as weight increases, the acceleration decreases. This is expected because more energy
is required to move. As a result, it would take longer for the truck to move, and therefore, the cart. ...
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The dependent variable was the acceleration of the cart. The constants were the books, angle of the
ramp, materials of cart, etc. The first step was to gather the materials and to set them up. The
materials included the cart, weights (gram), ramp, books, and motion sensor.
Figure 2: Sketch of Setup
As shown in figure 2, the setup consisted of stacking the ramp on top of textbooks, the motion
sensor at the top, and the cart about 15 cm away from it. The next step was to measure the
acceleration of the cart without any weights. After three trials, the data recorded by the motion
sensor was averaged. The slope of the line indicated the velocity. The previous steps were repeated,
with a 100g weight increasing after every three trials. This continued until there were 4 weights. The
results of the experiment were then recorded into a graph and data table.
Data Tables & Graphs
Figure 3: Data Table
Weight of Cart (g)
Acceleration of Cart (m/s2)
Trial 1
Trial

What Is The Last Step To Equalize The Linear Velocity...
The last step is to equalize the linear velocity vector of the standard wheel to that of equation 3. (
■(s(α+β)&–c(α+β)&–cβd@c(α+β)&s(α+β)&sβd@0&0&0) )( ■(x ̇@y ̇@θ ̇ ) )=( ■(rψ ̇@0@0) ) (4)
In case of the steerable standard wheel, equation 4 can be used in the same way, if the fixed angle β
is replaced by a function β(t). This equation could also be applied to the spherical wheel (because of
the forces which affect the wheel and change β(t), only a linear velocity in the rolling direction
exists). If the wheel is a castor wheel, the y–component of the velocity vector is depending on the
angular velocity β ̇ and the length of the rod (see equation 5). ( ■(s(α+β)&–c(α+β)&–
cβd@c(α+β)&s(α+β)&sβd@0&0&0) )( ■(x ̇@y ̇@θ ̇ ) )=( ■(rψ ̇@–d_c β ... Show more content on
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The vector q ⃗ describes the configuration (position and orientation) of the robot at any time. q ⃗=
[■(x&y&ϕ)]^T (7) where x, y are the coordinates of the robot (point o) in the inertial frame. If the
linear speed and angular velocity of the robot are v and ω, respectively, assuming no–slip on the
wheels, the velocity components can be written as x ̇=v cos⁡
ϕ (8) y ̇=v sin⁡
ϕ (9) ϕ ̇=ω (10)
The kinematics of motion of the robot can be written as follows: q ⃗ ̇= [■(cos⁡
ϕ&0@sin⁡
ϕ&0@0&1)]
u ⃗ (11)
Where, q ̇ is the time derivative of configuration q and u ⃗=[■(v&w)]^T is the control input given
to the robot for navigation. The angular and linear velocity of the robot can be written in terms of
the linear velocities of the right and the left wheel centers (v_r,v_l) ω=(v_r–v_l)/2d (12) v=
(v_r+v_l)/2 (13)
Here for the right wheel, the Newton–Euler equation is expressed as F_r – f_r = m_w x ̈_r (14) τ_r –
F_r .r = J_w ω ̇_r (15) where F_r is the reaction force applied to the right wheel by the rest of the
robot; f_r is the friction force between the right wheel and the ground; m_w is the mass of the
wheel; τ_r is the torque acting on the right wheel provided by the right motor; r is the radius of the
wheel; and J_w is the inertia of the wheel. Note that the Coriolis part had been deleted since it is
negligible due to the fact that the wheel inertia is much smaller than the robot inertia.
Similarly, for the left wheel we can write F_l – f_l = m_w

How The Ball With Your Foot
Introduction
In America it is called soccer, but in the rest of the world it is called football. This sport consists of a
ball being kicked with feet with the intent of getting the ball into the goal. The faster the ball moves,
the less time the goalie has to prevent a goal from being scored. If the ball is kicked directly at the
goalie with incredible speed, the ball will be deflected and not go into the goal. Occasionally a
player must direct the ball around many additional players to get a free shot which can be a lot of
hard work. Sometimes though, a player gets a free shot. This uninhibited shot doesn't necessarily
mean free points though. Most shots that score have a rapid velocity and are very accurate. There
are two main ways of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The approach includes the steps before the foot plant. This article found that the greater distance the
step is up to 1.6m the more powerful the kick will be. The biomechanical purpose of this phase is to
generate power by increasing momentum. The contact phase occurs after the opposite foot has been
planted and is the "beginning the forward motion of the kicking leg onto the impact on the ball"
(What... 2014). During this phase the flexion of the knee in the kicking leg increases to cause an
overall deceleration of the player but an increase in acceleration of the kicking leg to generate more
velocity. The follow through phase is where contact is made and the kicking leg comes closer to the
elbow on the same side of the body as the kicking leg. The leg essentially completes the path it
began in the forward swing of the kick. The article goes on to mention the main biomechanical
principles that influence a player's ability to achieve maximum velocity. They are the angular
velocity of the lower limbs, coefficient of restitution, and ground reaction force. In the research
article "Three–dimensional kinetic analysis of side–foot and instep soccer kicks" by Hiroyuki
Nunome, Takeshi Asai, Yasuo Ikegami, and Shinji Sakurai, they found "The average ball velocities
of the side–foot and instep kicks were 23.4 +/– 1.7 m·s–1 and 28.0 +/– 2.1 m·s–1, respectively"
(Nunome 2002). This showed how the instep kick was

Stone Heart Research Paper
My underwater coaster is called the Stone Hearts. When you walk to the entrance of Stone Heart,
you walk through a set of tinted doors (which keeps the inside room darker), leading you to the
main hall of the lines. When you first walk in there are holographic rivers above the riders' heads
with decaying mermaids swimming in them. At random a motion sensor will activate one of the
holographic mermaids to jump out at the set of riders walking towards the gate. On display there
will be stones with scripture carved into them; the scripture will be the legend of the lost love
between two very different lovers. Also on display will be items from the "shipwreck" including
items such as a shirt, a book, a necklace and a stone heart. The stone heart ... Show more content on
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This is also where the mermaids are swimming around the tube. Once out of the opening, the car
goes into the room made of glass, the riders will be able to see where the human lover died and by
the curse both of the lovers' hearts turned to stone. The legend of the two lovers' stone hearts will be
being told by a holographic crewman on the car. The legend will say that they had a human mermaid
mixed child. The riders will then see a boy with webbed fingers and toes, gills, along with a
nictitating membrane in both eyes (so she can see better). This figure will pop out at the passengers
throughout the ride. At the glass room the car makes a "U" turn furthermore coming down a separate
hallway which leads to the sleeping quarters of the crewman. There will be a holographic crewman
throughout this room with makeshift mattresses on the ground and clothes on the floor. The
decaying mermaids will be swimming freely within all rooms except the glass room. Once the car
gets back to the start the car will climb back up to the turn, and at the turn it will go in a separate
track that keeps a steady constant speed going up a hill back to the

Advantages Of Robots
What are the advantages of having robots in our lives? Today, some of the most boring and
repetitive jobs in manufacturing are done by robots. The military and police use robots for
dangerous jobs, such as manipulating explosive devices. Robots are used in inaccessible places,
such as exploring our solar system or the bottom of the sea. Robots also appear in entertainment,
research, medicine, and education. Mankind is only beginning to see the use and value of robotics.
With a great emphasis being placed on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in our
education system, robotics play an important part in motivating and exciting students about these
subjects. Robotics involve multiple types of design: physical design of structures and mechanisms
that building a creation using construction materials, motors, and gears, as well as computational
design of writing a computer program to determine how a creation should move and respond.
Robots engage students in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A revolute or rotary joint is capable of rotation but not extension. A simple hinge joint is an
example, as is a "lazy susan." A prismatic joint is capable of a sliding motion, but not rotation. A
drawer slide is a type of prismatic joint. Robotic arms are often divided into four types depending
upon the shape of the space that the arm can reach. This space is called the work envelope. For the
human arm, the work envelope is about three–fourths of the inside of a sphere whose diameter is
equal to the length of the arm when fully extended. A robotic arm with the same work envelope is
said to have a revolute or articulated configuration. Revolute robotic arms have a shoulder and an
elbow. The shoulder is mounted on a rotating base (like a "lazy susan") that allows the arm to rotate,
and has a rotary hinge joint that allows the "upper arm" to move up and down. The elbow of a
revolute robotic arm also has a rotary joint that allows the "forearm" to move up and

The Importance Of Walking Under Steady State Conditions
The current knowledge available from the literature on walking at different speeds assumes a direct
relationship between the level of activity of lower extremities muscles and speed. Several studies in
the past have looked into this relationship for walking under steady–state conditions. In this section
we review these studies and their findings and we highlight limitations of their approaches and
discuss the suggestions to expand the analysis to walking under transient conditions.
Hof et al. [21] were one of the first groups to measure surface electromyograms (EMGs) from
subjects walking at different speeds. Five speeds were instructed for over ground walking and
EMGs were measured for ten walking steps at each speed. Parts of EMG profiles showed
considerable changes with speed while other parts did not show any changes. The authors suggested
that the activity at any speed could be estimated through a linear interpolation of sum of the profile
at the lowest speed and a function that represents the increase in the activity per unit increase of
normalized speed. One limitation of the calculations here was lack of statistical tests. Because of
this shortcoming the linear interpolation model could be used to make reliable conclusions only
about the effect of speed on the activity in the vicinity of the peak of each signal. Without building
the confidence intervals we cannot infer the effect of speed on activation profiles over the entire gait
cycle. In addition to lack of

Who Cares Anyway
Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: Uniform Circular Motion
Vocabulary: acceleration, centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, Newton's first law, Newton's
second law, uniform circular motion, vector, velocity
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. A boy is whirling a yo–yo above his head in a counter–clockwise direction. At the exact moment
shown at left, he lets go of the string. In which direction will the yo–yo travel? Draw an arrow on
the image to show the yo–yo's direction.
2. Do you think the released yo–yo's path will be straight or curved? Explain. It will curve because
the yo yo is spinning.
Gizmo Warm–up
The Uniform Circular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How does this relate to the boy whirling a yo–yo given at the start of this Exploration sheet?
The boy whirling the yo yo has enough force so that even if he would have let go of the yo yo, then
it would move in the same direction it was spinning.
6. Think and discuss: If you are sitting in the back seat of a car that makes a hard left turn, you will
feel pushed toward the right side of the car. Why does your body move to the right?
Centrifugal force moves the body away from the center of rotation.
Activity B: Centripetal acceleration | Get the Gizmo ready: * Click Reset. * Set the radius to 2.0 m,
the mass to 1.0 kg, and the velocity to 10.0 m/s. | |
Introduction: The acceleration toward the center that keeps objects in uniform circular motion
(circular motion at a constant speed) is called centripetal acceleration. An understanding of
centripetal acceleration was one of the key elements that led to Newton's formulation of the law of
universal gravitation.

Question: How is centripetal acceleration related to radius, mass, and velocity?
1. Record: Select the BAR CHART tab, select Acceleration from the dropdown menu, and turn on
Show numerical values. The bar on the left shows the magnitude of the acceleration, or |a|. The units
of acceleration are meters per second per second, or m/s2.
What is the current magnitude of the acceleration?

Black Hands
I.
Motion
Motion
An object is in motion when it is undergoing a continuous change in position. – Position
Location of an object
– Reference point
– Measurement scale
Ex. table is about 3m from the door
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
3–2
Motion
Is described by using the fundamental units of length and time
Combining the length and time will give you the time rate of change of position
– Basis of describing motion in terms of speed & velocity
3–3
Speed & Velocity
In Physical Science 'speed' and
'velocity' have different (distinct) meanings. Speed – a scalar quantity, only magnitude – A car going
80 km/h
Velocity – vector, both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Section 2.2

2–9
Example #1
The driver of a car moving at 72 km/h drops a road map on the floor. It takes him 3.00s to locate and
pick up the map. How far did he travel during this time? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.
All rights reserved.
3–10
Acceleration
Changes in velocity occur in three ways:
– Increase in magnitude (speed up)
– Decrease in magnitude (slow down)
– Change direction of velocity vector (turn)
When any of these changes occur, the object is accelerating.
Faster the change  Greater the acceleration Acceleration – the time rate of change of velocity
Section 2.3
2–11
Acceleration
A measure of the change in velocity during a given time period change in velocity
Avg. acceleration = time for change to occur Dv vf – vo
(vf = final & vo = original)
a=
=
t t Units of acceleration = (m/s)/s = m/s2
In this course we will limit ourselves to situations with constant acceleration.
Section 2.3
2–12
Example #2
A bicycle moves from rest to 5m/s in 5s.
What was the acceleration?
3–13
Example #3

A race car starting from rest accelerates uniformly along a straight track, reaching a speed of
90km/h in 7.0s.
What is its acceleration?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin

The Performance Of The Car Under Test
The analysis of the performance of the car under test was completed using AVL Cruise software.
Various Graphs are obtained so that the actual performance of the car can be determined. Graph 1
(Abundance) prominently shows the torque of the engine at the respective engine speed along with
the specific fuel consumption at that speed. Approximately 230Nm is the maximum torque that can
be obtained at 4200 rpm, trailed by decrease in torque for the remaining speed. A cycle run was
conducted for three different periods of cycle in which the vehicle was accelerated then hold and
decelerated for certain time depending upon the requirement of cycle. Graph 2–A shows the change
in velocity upon change in acceleration for three different cycle times. Also the shift of gears during
the period can be observed. Graph 2–B illustrates consumption of the fuel during the three different
stages. It can be noted that when the velocity was about 50 km/h the fuel consumption was about 5.0
l/h. Also it significantly notifies that during idling the fuel consumption is 1.6 l/h. In this Graph it
can be inferred that the maximum operating pressure is 12 Bar for a speed of 4200rpm. Maximum
fuel is consumed during the start of the engine at 0.5 bar, fuel consumption gradually decreases with
increase in engine speed. Graph 3 speaks about the maximum operating pressure is 12 Bar for a
speed of 4200rpm. Maximum fuel is consumed during the start of the engine at 0.5 bar and also
between 0 bar and 1.6 bar at

Biomechanics : The Human Body And Structure Of Living...
Biomechanics refers to the movement and structure of living organisms. It allows for a better
knowledge regarding the human body and how numerous internal and external forces affect
movement. For those who participate in sport, biomechanics can greatly enhance performance by
improving both skills and techniques critical to specific sports. With the ongoing growth and
development of sport, biomechanics is continuing to become a significant focus. This paper will
focus on the biomechanics of soccer concerning the defining action of the game, kicking. It will
focus its attention on the biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with the preferred and the
non–preferred leg, the influence maturation has on the instep kick of female soccer athletes, the
kinetic comparisons of side–foot soccer kick between experienced and inexperienced players and
the kinematic instep kicking differences between elite female and male soccer players.
Soccer ranges from recreational to professional level. Those who participate at recreational level
tend to be of a younger age or unfamiliar and inexperienced regarding the sport. The professional
level consists of experienced athletes who are highly familiar with the aspects of soccer. One of
those defining aspects is kicking. This section will evaluate the kinetic comparisons of side–foot
soccer kick between experienced and inexperienced players. A study conducted by the University of
North Carolina's School of Medicine focuses on the kinetic

Descriptive Writing To Describe A Roller Coaster
When you see the roller coaster line. The entrance door has an amazing also a wacky art design with
many colors. As soon as you enter the roller coaster there is a decent sized room with multiple
mirrors that make you look like different things such as one mirror could make you look like you
are very tall also skinny or another could make you very chubby also short. Once you pass that
room you go into another room that is just glass above you with the glass to your sides too, so it
looks like you are in a tube under water which you practically are. As you look around you see
multiple species of fish also you also see the tube that the roller coaster goes through. So you are
practically going across the river under water. As soon as you go out the other side you are still
enclosed also you will see a staircase along the side of the staircase that you see have the roller
coaster's name on it, but as you walk up the stairs you start to feel excited as you know you are
getting closer to the roller coaster. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The entire theme of the walkway from the tube to the outside is an Ocean theme with loads of cool
paintings with awesome pictures for teens also for adults to look at while enjoying. As soon as you
reach the top of that flight of stairs you're out in the open then you will be right in line for loading
onto the roller coaster. As the roller coaster starts you're most likely going to start to feel very
excited. As soon as you hit the peak of the roller coaster you start to experience potential energy. As
you start to feel the G force was so powerful. As you speed down the roller coaster you can see the
you will go into a dark hole into the water. As soon as you FREE FALL down the roller coaster you
instantly feel WEIGHTLESS. As the thrill of going into a dark hole that leads somewhere in the

The Theory Of Training And Weight Training
Another method of training that has shown to be successful in improving acceleration is power and
weight training supported by research from (Chelly, 2009). Mansfield athletics club; Thomas;
Spinks and Tricoli.
The definition of power training is training is most commonly used to develop a muscle group's
ability to contract at maximum force in the shortest amount of time possible (McArdle, Katch &
Katch 2015). Weight training is defined as a system of conditioning involving lifting weights
especially for strength and endurance (Merriam and Webster 2015). Power is important to
acceleration as the runner's feet are in contact with the floor for longer than if they were at full speed
and so more power is needed to create movement and quickly (Mansfield athletics club 2012).
Research, by Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly (2009), showed the effect of back squat and other forms of
power training over a 2 months period (twice a week) on acceleration and other forms of explosive
movements by football players. They found that in the first 5 meters in a 40m sprint the velocity of
the players improved after using the power training techniques. This is specific to junior soccer
players and so may not be specific to other sports or those of different athletic standards. In the book
'strength and power in sport', it is noted by the author (Latif Thomas 2010) that "The use of training
methods involving, maximal and near maximal contractions, cause a remarkable increase in RFD
accompanied by an

Play Therapy
GROUP 4 " PLAY THERAPY " Acebuche, Zandra Angelica L. Bacongallo, Aries M. Briones,
Bernard L. De Grano, Jenna Lois A. Galac, Meliza S. Gonzales, Michelle O. Kalaw, Mary Joy L.
Lozano, Jenno S. Tabunan, Lousanie M. Romero, Czarina R. General: Play therapy is generally
employed with children aged 3 through 11 and provides a way for them to express their experiences
and feelings through a natural, self–guided, self–healing process. As children's experiences and
knowledge are often communicated through play, it becomes an important vehicle for them to know
and accept themselves and others. Play Therapy is the systematic use of a theoretical model to
establish an interpersonal process wherein play ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Virginia Axline (1950) expanded on her mentor's concepts. In her article entitled 'Entering the
child's world via play experiences' Axline summarized her concept of play therapy stating, "A play
experience is therapeutic because it provides a secure relationship between the child and the adult,
so that the child has the freedom and room to state himself in his own terms, exactly as he is at that
moment in his own way and in his own time" (Progressive Education, 27, p. 68). Filial therapy,
developed by Bernard and Louise Guerney, was a new innovation in play therapy during the 1960's.
The filial approach emphasizes a structured training program for parents in which they learn how to
employ child–centered play sessions in the home. In the 1960's, with the advent of school
counselors, school–based play therapy began a major shift from the private sector. Counselor–
educators such as Alexander (1964); Landreth (1969, 1972); Muro (1968); Myrick and Holdin
(1971); Nelson (1966); and Waterland (1970) began to contribute significantly, especially in terms
of using play therapy as both an educational and preventive tool in dealing with children's issues.
Growth of Organizations: In 1982, the Association for Play Therapy (APT) was established marking
not only the desire to promote the advancement of play therapy, but to acknowledge the extensive
growth of

Statement Of Purpose Of Robots
Statement of Purpose
Robots are going to be new citizens in the human society. Day by day it proved its capabilities and
capacity, starting from very sophisticated Medical Surgeries to versatile and simple pick and place
application. New and innovative concepts like Origami Robots, Spatial Manipulators, Biological
Robots and many such have justified their importance. The core aspect of all such robots and
families is their peculiar Kinematics and Dynamics. So, at the heart of all such innovation, it
requires fundamental excellence and knowledge in this field. Stanford University stands for legacy
in Innovation and Robotics. It is always a preference to work in kinematics in this university.
Various labs like Biomimetics and Dextrous Manipulation Laboratory and Stanford Robotics
Laboratory Inspires me a lot. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During master of technology at IIT–Bombay l took courses like kinematics and dynamics of
machines, which was an extension of an undergraduate course, a course of Computer Simulation of
Machines was an excellent exercise on developing our own code to simulate the mechanisms and a
course of advanced engineering Dynamics had provided an insight into Non–Linear systems. I took
a Seminar on Kinematics and Dynamics of Tensegrity Mechanism. During all these academic
exercises, I developed the sense of Kinematics and Dynamics. It was the parallel practice of
Physics, Mathematics, Imagination, and Art. Based on this only, in my master's thesis work a new
spatial parallelogram mechanism was invented and undergone intellectual property rights. At
Stanford, courses like Advance Kinematics(Me330) and Kinematic Synthesis of Mechanisms (Me
331) will be compelling with my

Hershey Park Persuasive Speech
This brand new ride is a one of a kind creation from its height to the loops and corkscrews. This
amazing ride is a brand new ride opening soon in Hershey Park in 2016. Hershey's designers spent
no time or little energy in creating a masterpiece in itself. This roller coaster was brainstormed when
Hershey decided to bring Great Bear, The Super Dooper Looper, and Sky rush together in one
amazing ride. If you thought you liked the Storm Runner, Sky rush, and The Super Dooper Looper
you will enjoy this I guarantee it. Now let's talk about the mechanics for this ride shall we.
This ride will be using a chain lift to pull you and the people around you up this ramp at a constant
speed up a, more than a couple meter sized, hill to the big drop. When you hit this drop time feels
like it stops when you look over that hill to what waits below. Then the net force of the roller coaster
pushes you back and a inertia jerk will accrue and shoots you down. When this takes place you are
accelerating at high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First as you hop on the ride a floor will come up from below just as Great Bear does so it is easier to
hop on and it will go back down so that the actual vehicle will not run or drag on the floor. Next a
chain will pull the vehicle up the hill and right as you reach the top like you are skydiving where it
takes a couple seconds to jump out or back up and leap out it will move back and the acceleration
,potential energy ,and Newton's 2nd Law all contribute. Finally you are shot down first you go
through one loop then another loop like you are doing flips in the sky. Next you move on to the
swirl that acts if you are with people in a circle spinning and centripetal force and centripetal
acceleration. Then finally you go over two humps and then go over two hills and then you finish
your ride. That is how the roller coaster feels like and looks

MP trial assignment
8/29/2014
Trial Assignment: Kinematics in 1D & Vectors
Trial Assignment: Kinematics in 1D & Vectors
Due: 2:00am on Friday, August 29, 2014
To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment.
Ballistocardiograph Conceptual Question
In a ballistocardiograph, a patient lies on an extremely low friction horizontal table. At each
heartbeat, a volume of blood is accelerated by the heart toward the head along the ascending aorta.
In response, the patient's body recoils in the opposite direction. This motion is detected by sensitive
accelerometers attached to the table. (The table is then brought to rest and returned to equilibrium
before the next heartbeat.)
A graph of acceleration of the table versus time, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will be much easier if you find
. Then, you may want to adjust the
and
first and set the car and dot
settings for the car at the same time to help
make the trajectory of the car more similar to that of the dot.
Express your answer in meters per second to three significant figures.
Hint 1. Recognizing differences in speed and acceleration
Matching
is relatively easy, because the dot is not moving. You can simply adjust the slider
until the car and dot line up. However, values for

and
can only be discerned based on the
motion of the car, and each contributes differently. To sort out differences in
and
between
the dot and the car, you must think about what velocity and acceleration mean.
Velocity is the rate at which the position of an object is changing. Acceleration is the rate at which
the velocity is changing. Thus, when you look at the position of the dot at times shortly after you
press the run button, the position will be determined almost completely by the initial velocity. If the
dot has a large acceleration, then the speed will change quickly and you will notice that the distance
covered by the dot in one second will change significantly from second to second. It is best to
change the initial velocity until the dot and the car seem to move roughly together immediately after
you press the "run" button. Next, adjust the acceleration so that their speeds seem to change in the
same way. Then, go back to get the initial velocities the same, and

Physics 1 Midterm Exam Review 2
PHYSICS 1 MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW #2
1. A 6.0–N force and an 8.0–N force act concurrently on a point. As the angle between these forces
increases from 0° to 90°, the magnitude of their resultant (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the
same
2. A car increases its speed from 9.6 m/s to 11.2 m/s in 4.0 s. The average acceleration of the car
during this 4.0–second interval is (1) 0.40 m/s2 (3) 2.8 m/s2 (2) 2.4 m/s2 (4) 5.2 m/s2
3. What is the speed of a 2.5–kilogram mass after it has fallen freely from rest through a distance of
12 m? (1) 4.8 m/s (3) 30. m/s (2) 15 m/s (4) 43 m/s
4. A machine launches a tennis ball at an angle of 25° above the horizontal at a speed of 14 m/s. The
ball returns to level ground. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compared to the horizontal component of the car's velocity at point A, the horizontal component of
the car's velocity at point B is (1) smaller (2) greater (3) the same
18. A force of 25 N east and a force of 25 N west act concurrently on a 5.0–kg cart. What is the
acceleration of the cart? (1) 1.0 m/s2 west (3) 5.0 m/s2 east (2) 0.20 m/s2 east (4) 0 m/s2
19. Centripetal force Fc acts on a car going around a curve. If the speed of the car were twice as
great, the magnitude of the centripetal force necessary to keep the car moving in the same path
would be (1) Fc (2) 2 Fc (3) Fc / 2 (4) 4 Fc
20. A 1.0 x 105–newton truck at rest on a hill that makes an angle of 8.0° with the horizontal. What
is the component of the truck's weight parallel to the hill? (1) 1.4 x 103 N (3) 1.4 x 104 N (2) 1.0 x
104 N (4) 9.9 x 104 N
21. A book of mass m falls freely from rest to the floor from the top of a desk of height h. What is
the speed of the book upon striking the floor? (1) (2gh)½ (3) mgh (2) 2gh (4) mh
22. A 0.149–kg baseball, initially moving at
15 m/s, is brought to rest in 0.040 s by a baseball glove on a catcher's hand. The magnitude of the
average force exerted on the ball by the glove is (1) 2.2 N (3) 17 N (2) 2.9 N (4) 56 N

23. Which body is in equilibrium? (1) a satellite moving around Earth in a circular orbit (2) a cart
rolling down a frictionless

Analysis Of Four-Bar Mechanion
Introduction
The four–bar linkage mechanism has been introduced in the early 1970's. Mechanical substitutes
(prosthesis) for human lower limbs have advanced from small tree trunks shaped into peg legs in
ancient times to today' s sophisticated prosthesis with controlled motion. Nowadays, the linkage is
implemented in persons with above–knee and through–knee amputations.
The goal of this project is to gather information based on the four–bar mechanism found in a
prosthetic leg with an artificial knee joint, and to use that knowledge to determine the forces and
movements that are present in the mechanism. Also, we are to determine how a joint clearance and
link flexibility can affect the overall performance of the mechanism. We plan on ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Four–bar knee linkage can still be improved, such as creating types of linkages that allow safe
stance phase, have low energy consumption and be light as possible. With all of these disadvantages
in mind, people who make prosthetics should be able to analyze and define the unique qualities of
the system in order to confidently create custom four–bar knees for specific customers.
A four bar knee mechanism with two joints having clearance can have a dynamic response. One of
the important factors that influence the dynamic stability and the performance of mechanisms is the
joint clearance. The clearances always exist in the kinematic joints and they are known to be the
sources for impact forces. These forces are the source of unwanted vibration that can cause a
decrease in the reliability and life of the mechanism. The dynamic behavior of a four–bar
mechanism with a clearance at any one of its connections can be described using a quasi–static
model. The results showed that, in the presence of clearance, the mechanism responses were greatly
influenced, and the coupler flexibility had a role of suspension for the mechanism. Kinematic
analysis of the mechanism includes the determination of displacements, velocities and accelerations
of the mass centers of moving links. As a practical implication, the proposed optimized values of the
design variables lead to a

Physics : The Back And Forth Motion
Introduction
In this series of experiments, we examined the back and forth motion. We analyzed the motion of
five objects which included a mass attached at the end of a spring, a swinging pendulum, a ball
thrown up in the air, a jumping student, and a cart rolling up and down an incline. Using the motion
detector and a computer we were able to come up with graphs of position VS time and Velocity VS
time from which it was possible to tell where the velocity or the acceleration were maximum, and
whether they were changing or not. Besides that, the graphs also helped to notice objects that
exhibited a similar type of motion.
Procedure
Description of the setup
An object was placed or hanged on the proper area, where it could sit at rest. That is to say an
inclined track for the cart, and a ring stand for both the pendulum and a mass attached at the end of a
spring. Hereafter, a motion detector was connected to a computer via a lab quest and was brought in
close proximity with the object. After that, the motion detector sensitivity switch was set to
ball/walk or track depending on the object's motion which is being studied. From here, the
appropriate file for plotting an object's graphs was opened on the desktop. Then, from here,
everything was in place for data collection. (Photos below).
Outline of technique
The pendulum was pulled to about 15 cm from the motion detector. In case of the mass on a spring,
the mass was pulled till just a few inches away from the motion detector.

Essay about Chapter 1 Lab
Name _ ___________________ Motion in 2D Simulation
Go to http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Motion_in_2D and click on Run Now.
1) Once the simulation opens, click on 'Show Both' for Velocity and Acceleration at the top of the
page. Now click and drag the red ball around the screen. Make 3 observations about the blue and
green arrows (also called vectors) as you drag the ball around.
1. The green vector moves in the direction of the mouse until the red ball catches up to it.
2. The blue and green vectors move in opposite directions as the red ball slows down.
3. The faster you move the mouse, the longer the blue vector becomes.
2) Which color vector (arrow) represents velocity and which one represents ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
5) What happens to the vectors when you jerk the ball rapidly back and forth across the screen?
Explain why this happens.
Both vectors lengthen when the ball is jerked quickly across the screen. This occurs because of the
speed at which it is performed causes the acceleration to increase. The velocity vector also lengthens
due to the large distance being put between the red ball and the destination at a fast rate.
6) Now click on 'Circular' on the bottom. Describe the motion of the ball and the behavior of the
two vectors. Is there a force on the ball? How can you tell? Be detailed in your explanations.
The ball is moving with a steady speed in a circle across the screen. The blue acceleration vector
points towards the center of the circle while the green velocity vector follows the edge of the circle
throughout the movement. Yes, there is a force on the ball. This is known because both acceleration
and velocity vectors are visible and the ball is moving at a constant speed and in a pattern.
7) Click on 'Simple Harmonic' on the bottom. Based on the behavior of the ball and the vectors,
write a definition of Simple Harmonic Motion.
The simple harmonic motion shows that both velocity and acceleration vectors move in harmony
when the speed of the ball is increasing in a linear direction. When speed is decreasing, the vectors
become

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Case Study
Investigating the Speech Kinematics of Hypokinetic Dysarthria Secondary to Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common idiopathic neurologic disease that affects nearly 1–2% of
individuals over the age of 50. It is a slowly progressive disease with a life expectancy of 15 years
following the initial diagnosis (Duffy, 2013). Having relatives diagnosed with PD increases the
likelihood of being diagnosed with PD. In fact, one third of individuals with two or more relatives
diagnosed with PD will likely acquire the disease (Duffy, 2013). Other possible causes may include
unidentified environmental toxins, such as herbicides and pesticides. Dysarthria is a movement
disorder involving the muscles needed for speech production (Wong, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The results overserved in this study supports previous studies that have reported comparable or
normal rapid syllable repetition rates in individuals with PD. This suggests that rapid syllable
repetition rate measurements may not be sensitive to differentiate individuals with mild hypokinetic
dysarthria secondary to PD from healthy speakers. This is a significant finding because, as
mentioned before, diadochokinetic tasks are often used in the assessment and evaluation of
dysarthria. Additionally, the results indicate an increased range of lingual movements and increased
speed parameters among both PD groups. The authors speculate this may be due to articulatory
hastening, potentially a large vocal tract in some of the participants with PD. Additionally, the
authors speculate the participants with PD may have increased articulatory effort due to the
increased distance required to be travelled by the tongue during diadochokinetic tasks. In other
words, the participants with PD may have been overcompensating in an effort to maintain
comparable lingual movement duration. Lingual Kinematics of Dysarthric and Nondysarthric
Speakers with Parkinson's

The Physics of Riding Bulls Essay
The Physics of Riding Bulls
Rodeo is a sport that came about by everyday work being made into competition.
Every event in rodeo has a practical purpose; all but one that is. There is no practical reason to get
on a bull; only the thrills, chills, and rush of excitement. It¡¦s more than a challenge between riders.
It¡¦s a challenge between man and beast. Legendary cowboy Larry Mahan had an even different way
of looking at it. He said, ¡§It¡¦s not a challenge with the animal but with the weakness in one¡¦s
self¡¨. At any rate, it¡¦s all about the challenge.
The challenge is simple; stay on the bull¡¦s back for eight seconds while keeping one hand fee from
contact with the bull or your own body. Well it sounds simple anyways. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This exerts a force in the opposite direction the bull is going. The force is the product of the bull¡¦s
mass and its acceleration. With a rider on the bull¡¦s back this force then becomes a combination of
the bull¡¦s mass plus the rider¡¦s mass times the acceleration of both which is attributed only by the
bull. All the rider needs to do in this case is hold on tight. There may be some air resistance, but it is
too small to notice. The bull further complicates the ride by bucking (a combination of raring,
kicking, and jumping). Each component of the buck is relatively simple. When a bull rares, it
creates a force pushing the rider backwards. When a bull kicks, it creates a force throwing the rider
forwards. When the bull jumps, it creates a force pushing the rider straight upwards. Each force is
once again the product of how fast the bull changes positions (acceleration) and it¡¦s mass. In each
of these situations the bull¡¦s mass is combined with the rider¡¦s. So, if the combined mass remains
the same, all the rider has to do to counter the force created by the bull is move in the opposite
direction as the bull with and equal acceleration. Acceleration equals the change in velocity divided
by the change in time. The velocity is the change in position divided by the change in time. Both the
bull and the rider can accelerate instantaneously. Therefore the velocity is the only variable the rider
needs to adjust to the counter the bull¡¦s force. If the distance change

Trebuchet Arm Ratio Hypothesis
Arm ratio
It was hypothesised for this variable that the longer the arm length, the greater the distance will be
because of the centripetal force formula:
Fc=mv2r
When rearranged,
Fc rm=v
Shows that a higher radius value will result in a higher final velocity.
Results obtained from testing showed that the longer the arm ratio, the further the horizontal
displacement will be.
During testing, videos were taken of the trebuchet in action. This was used to calculate the launch
velocity and various angles. The calculations for this, shown in Appendix 1, are somewhat reliable
but may be inaccurate in some areas.
The theoretical calculation for output force from the trebuchet arm was calculated (Appendix 3) and
the result was compared to the result from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast to this hypothesis, it was discovered that the experimental values deviate from the
theoretical values when the counterweight falls more than 20 cm. This is due to the trebuchet
shifting and rocking during launch which meant significant energy was lost during the launch.
The height of the counterweight was chosen as a variable because of the formula for GPE
(gravitational potential energy) is GPE=MGHwhich is all multiplication, meaning the greater the
height, the greater the GPE value will be. A higher GPE means higher energy input into the system
which, according to the law of conservation of energy, means that theoretically, the output energy
that ends up in the projectile is also greater. The law of conservation of energy which states that
energy can be neither created nor destroyed, instead, it is transformed from one type to another.
The range likely started to drop after the release height of 22cm because this is the point at which
the trebuchet shifts too much when launched which impacts the effectiveness of the

Paradise Run Research Paper
Summer Is Back, And Better Than Ever With The Paradise Run!: What is most vital when you are
on a special family vacation that you would want to last a lifetime? If it is not obvious, it's to spend
quality time together, and what not a better place to do so than to take a fun trip to dream paradise.
Come on down to the one and only roller coaster that will create wonderful family memories and
make dreams come true... Meet the Paradise Run! "Paradise Run" is an Atlantic adventure for
everyone. It has the thrill of its top speed of being 89.7 miles per hour, having a breath–taking,
flawless scenery and adds interest to many adults. The chain lift will force you up to skies and all
the weight carried in the vehicle up the mountain like track. The ride is 385.6 foot drop that has an
exhilarating acceleration that will want you to ride it multiple of times. Unlike those other rides in
the park, the "Paradise Run" has a long duration of time, so it's well worth waiting in a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We were able to now know that kids like combinations of tall hills, humongous loop–de–loops,
tunnels full of unique lights, twists & turns, and a great theme to create an awe–inspiring
background. Right from the start, you will experience thousands of potential energy when the chain
lift will transport you to the top of the skyscraper hill. Once you fall from the hill, you will
experience only one thing, and that is free fall. At that very moment you will have your picture
taken, so you could cherish the wonderful adventure in the Atlantic. The distance is a whooping 134
meters in length. Due to Newton's 2nd Law, you would keep going on a extreme adventure through
adventurous tracks and experience a true vacation! At the top of the loop–de–loops you would feel
weightlessness as you go through the twist of the loops because you will experience no

Biomechanics Of Pitching A Ball With Tremendous Velocity...
Biomechanics Of Pitching
What do biomechanics and pitching have in common? Pitching a ball with tremendous velocity and
accuracy is extremely difficult. The action depends on how the pitcher controls and uses his body to
thrust the ball from his hand. "Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of
mechanics and physics to human performance in order to gain a greater understanding of
performance in athletic events through modeling, simulation, and measurement." (Wood, 2010, p.1)
Biomechanics is the study that focuses on movement of the human body. In order to optimize his or
her performance, a pitcher must understand and utilize the biomechanic principles that contribute to
his or her success. In biomechanics, "the human body is viewed as a machine, or mechanical
system, subject to the restrictions of the laws of physics. The body is broken down, figuratively of
course, into a collection of body segments which include the forearm, foot, thigh, and so on.
Connected to one another by pivoting joints, they are moved by muscular and/or extremely applied
forces. The idea is to study the human body in action as it goes through some particular movement
in order to isolate the various individual motions that make up the activity, to measure the speeds of
body segments and the forces that act on them, and in general to acquire accurate data on all aspects
of the movement." (Brancazio, 1984, p.18) It has been estimated that approximately a hundred
different

Determining The Gravitational Acceleration At The Earth 's...
The gravitational acceleration depends on only the mass of the gravitating object M and the distance
d from it. Notice that the mass of the falling object m has been cancelled out."
(http://www.astronomynotes.com)
"To calculate its average speed you divide the distance travelled by the time it takes to travel that
distance. The speed is usually measured in kilometres per hours (km/h) or, in the case, metre per
second (m/s)." (Science World 10, Macmillan – P. Stannard and K. Williamson)
Hypothesis:
That the acceleration for a falling object towards the surface of the Earth is said to be 9.8 m/s/s. This
is justified by the research above.
Aim:
To determine the gravitational acceleration at the Earth's surface by calculating the acceleration of
an object as it is dropped from a surface towards the ground.
Variable:
Manipulated Variable: Time
Respondent Variable: Distance tape travelled
Controlled Variables:
Controlled Variable Method of Control
Height Experiment carried out at the same height
Width of ticker tape Same width of tape
Location Surface of the Earth and it fell through air
Clear Path There was nothing in the way of the object
Weight used to pull tape The weight was always the same
Procedure:
1) Cut a piece of ticker tape 1 meter long; make sure it fits your ticker timer.
2) Check that the carbon paper in the ticker timer is up the right way and that the ticker timer is in
the right settings.
3) Plug in the ticker timer and test it on a small piece of

Essay On Roughness Categories And Impact On Pavements
Roughness categories and impact on emissions. The roughness index for different roadway surfaces
is often classified into several categories, for example: very good (1–59 in/mi), good (60–96 in/mi),
fair (96–130 in/mi), poor (131– 169 in/mi), and very poor (170– 950 in/mi) according to the
Pavement Management Information System (PMIS) database of Texas Department of
Transportation (TxDOT) (TxDOT, 2005). A study in Baltimore County, Maryland showed that
improving IRI from poor to good condition on a road with a 40 mph speed with an average traffic of
1,000 veh/h will result in a decrease of (GHG) emissions by 4 kg per hour (Kalembo, 2012). In
addition, a recent study showed that road work zones can change the existing road layout and road
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Basically the existing emission modeling systems act as an interface between emission factors
model and travel demand models, pulling data from both model to calculate mobile source emission
estimates. They are different in scale, data input, types of emissions, fleet composition, and
prediction accuracy (Cappiello et al., 2002).
Macroscopic and microscopic scale models. Basic macroscopic emission models estimate emission
based on the travel demand models (TDM) or traffic simulation models (TSM) by quantifying total
travel distance and link–based average speeds as major variables (Frey and Liu, 2013). In these
scenarios, the models failed to involve more rigorous driving activities, such as: instantaneous
speed, acceleration profiles etc. to model on–road emissions. Typically, average–speed–based
models estimate the emissions and fuel consumption using the trip based average speed of the traffic
flow, disregarding the variation of the speed of the traffic flow (Ahn and Rakha, 2008). Most
emissions and fuel consumption models were developed with data from dynamometer testing which
are sufficiently accurate for macroscopic level emissions inventories. Since these testing are often
done under steady state conditions, and so cannot reflect the

How To Describe A Roller Coaster
In a park near you very soon a roller coaster will be drawing near...furthermore, not only is there a
roller coaster that has never been seen before but also the most magnificent coaster that you've seen.
The Looper...The Looper is one of the fastest roller coasters in all of Hershey Park. It speeds in
excess of 70 miles per hour. When you are riding The Looper you will feel countless different
feelings. As a matter of fact, you will feel not only ecstatic and delighted but also thrill and
suspense. Not to mention that as the experience of the unique exhilarating , unforgettable thrills
comes to an end, you will surely feel mourning. Be that as it may, you always have the privilege to
jump back in line and do it all over again. Riders will feel the anxious anticipation as they wait in
line. Not to mention, the force of the g forces as the train screams by the other rides nearby. You will
experience pure speed and adrenaline as your heart starts racing as the train accelerates before
plunging down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All the sudden there is another huge loop. Your body is taken over by lateral forces that are so
intense that even the most seasoned riders may be begging for forgiveness. With a high speed turn,
the track ascends into a sweeping g force filled turn high above the ground before entering the last
lateral before the brake run.
As the train hit the brake run, the brakes tighten with impressive force and speed, bringing the train
to a smooth stop. The combination of grace and power and its disorienting array of twists and turns
is impressive.
This roller coaster delivers fast twisted drops, exciting laterals and is extremely satisfying. In other
words, this roller coaster brings out powerful forces in nearly every twist and turn. It delivers a
superior ride experience while retaining the best elements of many roller coasters with additional
new elements that make it much more

What Is The Analysis Of The Ball And Ramp Experiment
Ball and Ramp Experiment Data/Analysis The experiment, performed earlier by a first grader,
consisted of a ball rolling down a ramp. Each time the initial height of the ball increased, and the
ball was rolled down to measure the distance (in inches) it travelled. The assigned task asked to
produce a mathematical relationship between the initial heights of the ramp to the distance the ball
rolled (a slope)–the data presented exhibits this relationship. The mathematical relationship between
the initial heights and distances proved to be y=17x. In Table 1, the initial heights and distances
were converted from inches to centimeters (the values were multiplied by 2.54) to showcase the data
through a graph. Figure 2 displays the heights and

Twizzler Research Paper
The Twisty Twizzler is a new and exciting thrill ride that is coming to Hershey Park in 2017. It was
named after the how many twists it has on this ride, but also it was named by the Twizzler candy
Hershey sells. This ride will twist you upside down, flip you, and throw you around in loops. Any
adventurous or thrill seeker would be crazy not to come ride this ride. As you start ticking up the
first hill you will get even more excitement in your body as you get closer and closer to drooping
down that hill. Twisty Twizzler isn't like most roller coasters in so many different ways. It is double
tracked, so this ride has two different, crazy, magnificent tracks that you can ride. When you first,
pull out of the station to go up Track A you will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While you are going up the first hill you will be traveling at a constant speed of 8 miles per hour.
The machine in the roller coaster has to use a certain amount of work to get the mass of the people
and cart up the first hill. Right before you start to spin down the first hill there will be gravity and
acceleration pulling you down the spinning hill. Once you stop spinning while going down that first
hill you will be at a spot right before the first hill where you will be experiencing terminal velocity.
After you finish that loop you are gonna get pushed right up another hill and as you are falling down
the hill you are gonna loop forward and be weightless while going through newton's 2nd law as you
near the bottom of the hill. You will start going up another hill like the one on Track A and twist
down in a corkscrew type way. During the twists you will experience very much centripetal force.
You will go around another little turn like you did on Track A then instantaneous speed will be
slowing you down right before you go back into the station.
The Twisty Twizzler is a very safe roller coaster. Even though it is throwing you around and
dropping you down hills no one will get injured while riding this ride. Every seat has a shoulder
harness that will clip on to buckle at the bottom of each seat so there is no way you can fall through
your seat. On this ride we use magnetic brakes to stop

Descriptive Essay On A Crazy Canoe Capper
Next year I am hoping for you to join me in my insane, adrenaline pumping ride called the crazy
canoe capper. This ride is based off a wicked canoe ride. You will be flung around the adventure of a
lifetime near rocks, sharks, hills, and water. The ride consists of a roller coaster, water ride, and a
creepy place to be. Plus, you should be ready to go fast and slow, up and down, and side to side.
When you are entering the building you will see a canoe in the water. Since it is called the crazing
canoe capper the cart is a canoe but on a track that is under water. This cart consists of bright neon
colors on the top with swirls and curvy lines. Only two seats will be placed in the cart, but on the
side will be all caps CRAZY CANOE CAPPER. When you come out of the building you will see on
your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As you are floating past the flags you have a lot of potential energy. Next, you are being propelled
up the hill by a force with a constant speed. As you are going up there is mist lying against your
face. When you do get up the hill the water track will start winding down the pole as you start to
gain momentum. The speed of your canoe going down the pole determines the mass of how much
each of the rider's weight so be careful about who you sit with. Centripetal acceleration along with
centripetal force are two of the many things you will be feeling. However, right before you stop
winding and go straight you will notice there is no more water. You then go down the hill and start
to go into free fall. A simple loop will be waiting for you at the bottom after you are done free
falling. In the middle of the loop, you will feel air resistance and also gravity pulling you down.
After the loop, you will go up another hill but you will have some potential energy. Additionally, the
coaster will turn into a water coaster as soon as you start going down. When you do go down the hill
you will start to free fall once more, but soon enough friction will

Lab Report On Projectile Motion
The purpose of this lab was to examine projectile motion and how the horizontal motion is
independent of the vertical motion. Data was used to calculate gravity given that the vertical
acceleration was only due to g. The data was collected by sending a ball down a ramp that had a
horizontal end. At the end of the ramp there was a monitor that recorded the velocity of the ball as
left the ramp. Carbon paper was laid on the ground where the ball landed; the spot that was left
behind was measured from the origin that was directly below the end of the ramp. The height of the
ramp was also measured, which was 0.757 m. The two balls diameter and mass were measured. Ball
one had the diameter of .0255 m and the mass of 0.0601 kg, ball two had the diameter of 0.0242 m
and the mass of 0.0209 kg.
Sample Calculation, for trial 1, Ball 2:
Flight time:
Vertical acceleration:
Rearranged kinematic equation to solve for acceleration given that the initial velocity is equal to
zero:
Ball 1 had an average vertical acceleration of –12 with a standard deviation of 0.20. For ball 2, it
had an average vertical acceleration of –11 with a standard deviation of 0.32 . The expected value
for the vertical acceleration was –9.80 . Using that, the percent difference for ball 1 was 18% and for
ball 2 it was 8.6%. Both average vertical accelerations were larger in magnitude then the expected
value; they were not very accurate. Though ball 2 was more accurate than ball 1 because it had a
lower

Acceleration Lab
Purpose: Analyze how Distance, Velocity, Acceleration are related and experimentally determine
Acceleration due to Gravity.
Background: The clicker speed in different countries vary because of differing voltage. It can be
visually observed with the dots on the carbon strip how fast you have pulled it. When the dots are
close to each other on the carbon paper means that you pulled the strip slowly. When the dots are
spaced far apart from each other this shows that you pulled the strip fast. During the experiment,
Gravity played an important role in accelerating the fall of the weight. The force and acceleration of
earth's gravity is 980cm/s/s.
Clicker, Acceleration, Gravity
Variables: Independent: Time Dependent: Distance, Velocity, Acceleration Constant: Acceleration,
Weight, Length of Carbon Paper
Hypothesis: If the time it takes for an object to fall increases, then the distance it takes for the object
will exponentially increase, the speed will increase linearly, and the acceleration will remain
constant without a slope, because the gravitational force of earth is 980cm/s/s ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One factor that may have impacted my results was the friction between the clicker and the carbon
paper. Although the clicker is extremely fast, I noticed that when I released the weight is was
slowing the decline of the weight. If the clicker rapidly clicked the carbon paper, it may not decline
regularly, therefore losing some of the acceleration it might have reached. A second factor that may
have impacted my results was how I recorded my results. As the investigation continued, I realized
that the interval between some group of dots were really close to each other. The reason of these
really close dots are because of the impediment of the decline of the weight. If the interval between
each dot is very small it might cause the measurement of inaccurate results, therefore skewing the

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