3. VENTILATION
• Ventilation is a process that replacing air in an enclosed space to
control the temperature. “A proportion of air within the enclosed
space should be continuously withdrawn and replaced by fresh air.”
(Greeno, R.,1997, Building Services, technology and design)
4. CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
• Relatively small building/mall
• requires lower service cost and easier for monitoring
• cost lesser by 10% -20% compared to individual system
• working hour 10am-10pm
6. DIFFUSER
• The purpose is to discharge chilled/fresh air into space/room
• Ducting system
• Different diffuser serve to direct air to different direction
• Few type of diffuser were observed
9. CARPARK VENTILATION SYSTEM
• Mechanical ventilation
• Input and extraction of air by air vents and the ducting system
• Vehicles will emit harmful gases pollutant, carbon monoxide, nitrous
oxides, fumes from vehicle fluids, oil and other fuels.
• Cause fire outbreak
11. SINGLE ZONE CONSTANT VOLUME
• Simplest system
• Most suitable (operation hours)
• Has an AHU
• Temperature kept constant by the thermostat setting on the
cooling load of AHU.
12. Fire protection system
Active fire protection method
• Requires activation. Can be
manual or automatic
activation.
• Examples: Fire alarms,
detectors, wet & dry risers,
hose reels, sprinkler system.
Passive fire protection method
• Integral component of the
structural fire protection
and fire safety in a building.
• Examples: Fire door, fire-
resistant walls, floors.
14. Fire extinguisher
• To put out small scale of fire to prevent
escalation into full scale fire.
• Amcorp Mall uses ABC dry powder fire
extinguishers.
• 5 fire extinguishers are placed in every floor in
the mall.
• Supplied by Fire Fighter Sdn Bhd.
15.
16.
17. Fire hydrant
• Consist of a system of pipe-work connected
directly to the water supply mains.
• Amcorp Mall uses 2 way fire hydrant.
• Distance between 2 hydrants is 70m.
• Supplied by Steel Recon Industries (SRI) Sdn
Bhd.
• Colour of body: Yellow. (Private system
hydrants connected to public water main.)
18. 2 Way Fire Hydrant
(Specification obtained from http://www.sri.com.my/hydrant3.html)
• Body material: Cast Iron to BS 1561
• Outlet: Copper alloy BS 1982
• Test pressure: 20 bar (300 psi)
• Working pressure: 15 bar (217 psi)
• Finishing: Yellow
19.
20. Hose reel
• Intended for occupant to use during early
stages of fire.
• Five hose reels are provided in each floor.
• Supplied by Unique Fire Industry Sdn Bhd.
• Made of PVC
• Diameter: 25mm
• Length: 30m
21.
22. Fire sprinkler system
• Designed to detect, control, suppress fire.
• Warn the occupants of the occurrence of fire.
• Automatic fire suppression system.
• Sprinkler head acts as fire detector and
discharge point of water.
23.
24. Fire alarm
• Provide warning to people through vision and
audio appliance when there is an outbreak of
fire.
• Can be activated through smoke detectors.
• Can also be activated from manual call point.
• Each floor has five fire alarms installed.
25.
26. Fireman’s switch
• Specialized switch disconnector.
• Enclosure is made of non-flammable
materials.
• Used to disconnect power from high voltage
devices.
• Prevent the equipments from exploding.
• Painted in red so can be spotted easily.
29. Fire Escape Staircase & Fire Door
• Fire escape staircase: Used for occupants of
the building to escape from the building in the
event of fire.
• Fire door: Used to reduce the spread of fire or
smoke between compartments.
• The rating of Amcorp Mall’s fire door is 1 hour.
30.
31. Fireman Lift
• Enable firemen to use in order to rescue
people during an event of fire in building.
• Typically a normal passenger or service lift.
• Has a toggle switch.
• When switch is toggled, the lifts are removed
from normal service.
• In fire service mode, the lift door will not
open/close unless the fireman holds the
button.
58. Installing of CCTV
• Using laser optic transmitter and receiver
• Associated with the observation DVR
utilizing cajole link
• If the light go deem, the system still can
operate
59. Advantages
• Saves high installation costs, quick and easy
installation, semi-permanent life span, real
time transmission, high quality (DVD quality)
video transmission and high reliability.
• Ensure security protection
60. Installing Thru-beam sensor
• These sensors can recognize objects free of
shading, reflectivity and are not influenced
by second surface reflections.
• When interrupting the light beam this will
cause a change in the output status of the
receiver. Through-beam sensors offer the
longest sensing range of up to 100 meters.
61. • Provides quick snap-in installation and is
very affordable
• Easily fit within a door frame or extruded
metal railing.
• Secure detection for automatic door and gate
systems, monitoring function in turnstiles and
closing edge monitoring in elevators.
62. 1.Number of openings
Amcorp mall does not seem to have sufficient
number of openings.
2.Harmful pollutant
Since the car park is not incorporated with
sufficient ventilation, there is possibility that
harmful pollutant such as carbon monoxide,
nitrous oxides, fumes from vehicle fluids, oil
and other fuels exist in large scale.
4.2 Ventilation
4.2.1 Problems of ventilation system
63. 3. Growth of mould and mildew
Destroy the general aesthetic of the building.
4.Rust
Affect plumbing or pipe work that may run
through various rooms in the building. In the
worst case, it may also cause venting straps to
malfunction.
64. 5. Poor air flow
Poor air flow is linked to respiratory diseases
such as asthma, and can also facilitate the
spread of diseases.
6. Unpleasant odour
The buildup of damp and humidity in a
building create an unpleasant odor. This
fragrance can be particularly difficult to get rid of,
unless the air quality in the building is improved.
65. 7. High expenses
All the problems above contribute to high
expenses to maintain the building at its finest.
Conclusion
When you consider all of the negative health
impacts and financial expenses associated with
poor ventilation, and then naturally, it is more
cost-effective to ensure a building is well
ventilated.
66. 1. Replace conventional ventilation system
with impulse ventilation.
• Impulse ventilation is a system intended for
the ventilation of enclosed and basement car
parks without the use of ducting within the
body of the car park
4.2.2 Recommendation for ventilation
system
67. 1.Cost savings on building and mechanical
equipments investment.
• Building height can be reduced due to the
flexibility of the installation of the fans. Thus total
air flow will decrease which help to reduce the
power of the main exhaust and makeup air fans.
Besides smaller mechanical fans, the gent set
sizes will become smaller also.
Advantages of Impulse Ventilation
68. 2. Energy saving.
• Depending on the pollution level, either more
impulse fans are activated to increase air mixing
thereby reducing the concentration of CO gases,
or the airflow rate is increased to extract the
polluted air more quickly. Lower airflow rates can
also reduce the amount of attenuation needed,
since the rate of extract overnight can be reduced
when there is very little, if any, traffic movement.
69. 3. Higher efficiency.
• Impulse ventilation incorporates a fully addressable fire
detection system. This provides early detection of a fire
and its location. Enabling the fire service to determine
the most suitable route to approach the fire. Then, the
impulse ventilation system will switch to smoke extract
mode, thus increasing the rate of ventilation through
the main extract fans and activating only the impulse
fans necessary to control the flow of smoke.
70. 4.Space and completion period.
• The smaller sized main exhaust and make up
air fans allow the use of smaller fan rooms or
eliminate the need altogether. With the
elimination of ductworks, the duration of
ventilation work will be reduced.
