1. Building Services Group
Assignment
Group members:
Elissa Chang 0326909
Boon Li Ying 0323839
Michelle Tung 0324175
Alan Chung JiaZen 0321487
Calvin Wong Ping Ket 0322481
Kiew Chee Yuan 0323297
Tan Jia San 0322406
Lettitia Lois Hiew 0323908
Chin Ke Ni 0324021
Gillian Chong 0323941
5. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
• Achieve thermal comfort and better
indoor air quality
• Subang Parade Shopping Centre : 4
leveled with over 200 stores
• Requires large amount of cooling
load to distribute the stores evenly
• Centralized air-conditioning system
7. ROOFTOP - COOLING TOWER
• Function : to cool the warm
water pumped up by the
condenser
• Using the evaporation of water
to remove process heat
• Located at the rooftop level of
the shopping mall
• To fully utilize the natural
convection
8. ROOFTOP - COOLING TOWER
• Packaged cooling tower
• Pre-assembled in the factory by
Nihon Spindle
• Design is shaped like a box
• Subang Parade : 6 cooling towers
• Each cooling tower can hold up
to 800 tons of water
9.
10. ROOFTOP - COOLING TOWER
• According to MS 1525 code 8.8 :
“The system design should provide means for balancing the air and water
system such as but not limited to dampers. Temperature and pressure test
connection and balancing valves.”
Fan Stack
CDWR (Condensed
Water Return), from
chilled water loop
CDWS (Condensed
Water), ready to re-
circulate
11. ROOFTOP - WATER TANK
• Positioned across/opposite of the
cooling tower
• Connected together, installed in case
of water shortage
• To add on/make up the amount of
water lost
12. PLANT ROOM
• Located outside of the shopping mall
• Includes chillers, compressors, distributor
pumps, condenser pumps, and chiller pumps
• There is a control room inside the plant room
Control Room
Plant Room
Entrance
Door
14. PLANT ROOM - CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
• Chiller - Condenser (grey), Evaporater (black)
• Back-up tanks for evaporator
• 7 chillers altogether - 4 small (400 tons),
1 medium (800 tons), 2 large (1500 tons)
• According to MS 1525 code 8.11.1 :
“Chiller water pumps circulating chilled water through the
piping system external to the package, and cooling tower
pumps and fans circulating water or air through the condenser
and cooling tower are not to be included in the consideration
of the CDP for the component.”
15. PLANT ROOM - CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
• Connected with the evaporator
• Piping system that pumps to the
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
• Is covered/wrapped thick - hot
17. CONTROL ROOM - CONTROL PANELS
• Main air-conditioning control desk
• Manually controlled
• Shows the location of each system
• Able to detect which system is not
operating or damaged
18.
19. AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU) ROOM
• Device that regulates and
circulates air as part of heating,
ventilation, and air-conditioning
system
• Function : supplies cooled air
into the building
• Main components : Air Filters,
Coils, Dampers, Fans, Mixing
Chamber, and Humidifiers
20. AHU ROOM
• Locations of AHU in lower ground floor
• 67 units of manually operated AHU
• Each AHU controls the air-conditioning
of 5 shops
• The air supplied and return is
approximately 23℃
• AHU will shut down automatically
when fire emergency or manually
stopped by pressing a release button
located in the control room
21. AHU ROOM - THERMOSTAT
• The supplied air temperature is controlled
by a thermostat
• According to MS 155 code 8.6, Air handling
duct system insulation :
“All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on
buildings should be adequately insulated to prevent
excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with
vapour barriers may be required to prevent
condensation under some conditions.”
22. AHU ROOM - AIR FILTERS
• Removes impurities (allergens,
dust, dirt particles etc.)
• Prevent damage to coils and fan
23. AHU ROOM - COOLING COILS
• Coils are made of copper tubes,
copper/aluminium fins (to aid heat
transfer)
• Connected to chiller where water is
supplied through Chilled Water Supply
(CHWS) from chiller
• Warm water returned to chiller
through Chilled Water Return (CHWR)
24. DIFFUSERS - SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSERS
• Distributes equal amount of air
into the building
• Subang Parade uses 3 types
• Found on the ceiling of offices
and corridors
Multi-direction Diffuser
Linear Slot Diffuser
Cone Diffuser
25. RETURN AIR GRILLES
• Transports the air back to AHU room
• Covered with metallic grill to cover
the duct behind
• Prevent big objects from entering
the duct that causes damage to AHU
• Larger and lesser in numbers
compared with diffusers
27. Fire Protection System
-Active Fire Protection
• A component that detects and prevents fire by reacting to action or
motion efficiently
-Passive Fire Protection
• A group of systems that helps in contain or slow down the spread of
fire.
28. Active Fire Protection
-Smoke Detector
• Photoelectric smoke detector functions to
detect fire and sends off warning
• Located at the corridor within the mall
-Fire control room
• Functions to monitor actual situations and
controlling fire alarm system
• Located at ground floor of the mall
29. Fire Alarm System
-Manual Call Point
• Designed to function by raising the alarm bell manually
• Located at lift lobbies
-Alarm Bell
• Functions to give off warning during events of fire
• Located at lift lobbies
-Fireman’s Switch
• Functions to disengage power from electrical equipment
• Located at staircase and corridor of the mall
30. Fire Protection System
-Fireman Intercom Station
• Provides communication during emergency incidents
• Located at the emergency staircase and fire control room
-Sprinkler Pump Room
• Functions as main control room for water sprinkler system
• Sprinkler box consisting switches in pump room
-Water Sprinkler System
• Functions to suppress fire in buildings
• Two types which are pendent sprinkler and upright sprinkler
• Located within the corridor of the mall and fire escape stairway
31. Fire Protection System
-Smoke Extraction Fan
• Functions to extract smoke produced during the events of fire
• Located at the rooftop
-Portable Fire Extinguisher
• Functions to extinguish fires produced in small areas
• ABC dry powder fire extinguishers are being used
• Located at lift lobbies, electrical and machinery rooms, and corridor
within the mall
-Fire Hose Reel
• Functions to extinguish fire by ensuring supply of water
• Located at lift lobbies
32. Fire Protection System
-Fire Pump Room
• Consists of jockey pump, duty pump, and standby pump
-Jockey Pump
• Functions to control the pressure in sprinkler pipes
-Duty Pump
• Functions to generate enough pressure of water to
maintain the water pumping process
-Standby Pump
• Functions as the same as duty pump
33. Passive Fire Protection
-Fire Escape Plan
• Functions to show the location of
emergency staircases to provide
faster evacuation
• Located at lift lobbies.
34. Passive Fire Protection
-Emergency Exit Signage
• Assist occupants within the building to find the
emergency escape route
• Located above every fire door within the mall
-Fire Emergency Staircase
• A special exit that provides faster evacuation
when events of fire occurs
36. 3.1 Escalators
• In Subang Parade, there are 4 floors not
including roof top
• Two types of escalators in Subang Parade:
Crisscross and Parallel escalators
38. 3.1 Escalators
1. Crisscross
• 7 crisscross escalators in Subang Parade
• Minimize structural space requirements by “stacking“ escalators that
go in one direction
39. 3.1 Escalators
2. Parallel
• 2 parallel escalators in Subang Parade
• Required more floor space than the crisscross arrangement (less often
used)
40. 3.2 Elevators
-Gear traction elevator is used in Subang Parade
• Function: Carry passengers in a building with
more than 4 storeys
• Total 9 groups serving the whole mall (7 groups
connected directly to car park, 2 groups
connected floors in the mall)
• The major components: Motor (Machine Room),
Lift Car, Landing, Hoistway and Pit
• Travel speed: Up to 500 feet per minute
• Load carrying: Up to 30,000 pound (13,600 Kgs)
41. 3.3 Motor Room (Machine Room)
(a) Geared traction machine
• Function: Ensure high quality, accurate,
smooth ride for the elevator with an
appropriate drive and control system
42. 3.3 Motor Room (Machine Room)
(b) Controller / Control Panel
• Function: Controls and monitor the
operation of the lift which receive signals
from users through car operating panels
• Mounted against the wall
43. 3.3 Motor Room (Machine Room)
( c ) Overspeed Governor
• Function: Bring the car to stop when
car exceeding 40% of the rated
speed
44. 3.4 Lift cars
(a) Door Safety Devices
• It is the passenger detection
devices for the safety and
comfort of users
• 2 types of door safety
devices: Laser and touch
panel
• In Subang Parade, they are
using both devices for their
elevators
46. 3.4 Lift cars
( c ) Operating Panels
• A panel mounted in the car containing the car
operating control, such as call register buttons,
door open and close, alarm emergency stop and
whatever other buttons or key switches are
required for operation
47. 3.5 LIFT DOOR (LANDING DOOR)
The type of lift door used in Subang Parade is two speed, centre opening.
The elevator in Subang Parade.
48. 3.5 LIFT DOOR (LANDING DOOR)
-Key Switch Panel
• Located at the control room of Subang Parade
• Function: Control the car of the lift when there is an emergency or lift
breakdown occurs
• The passengers can contact the control room through the ring button
in the lift in case of emergency
• Technicians are able to know clearly when emergency or lift
breakdown occurs through the key switch panel
51. Blue = High Voltage Room
Green = Transformer Room
Red = Low Voltage Room
Electricity Supply System
52. The TNB Power Station then receives electricity flow then transfer to the Vacuum Circuit Breaker
in High Voltage Room.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker helps to protect the three phase transformer when it is overloaded
The transformers received 11kV voltage of power and further steps down to 415V before it
transferred to the Low Voltage Room.
The main switch board in Low Voltage Room received power supply and further distributed to
the rest of sub-switchboard in Subang Parade through riser.
Electricity Distribution
53. Plan view of High Voltage Room, Transformer Room & Low Voltage Room
54. High Tension Switchgear
Switch and control the flow of electricity
within the electrical system.
Provide protection electrical circuit and
equipment from current overloading,
short circuit current and insulation
failure.
Receive electricity from TNB and transfer
to Transformers Room
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
A device that interrupts and electric
circuit to prevent unwarranted
current, caused by a short circuit
27 set of Vacuum Circuit Breaker
High Voltage Room
55. Step- down transformers
stepped down high voltage current from 11kV
to 415V.
17 transformer in Subang Parade.
Receive voltage current from High Voltage
Room and distribute lower voltage current to
next room, Low Voltage Room.
Current temperature is 42˚c, had reached 60˚c
before. Once reach 80˚c the transformer will
start make noise and straight power trip once
reach 90˚c.
Transformers Room
56. Main Switch Board
A large assembly of panels which an
incoming-power supply divides into
separate circuits
Control the entire electricity supply
of the building, distribute power to
sub- switchboard and other system.
Contains switches, fuses, metering,
air circuit breaker and other
instrumentation.
Having 3 set of Main Switch Board
Low Voltage Room
57. Backup System
Provide sufficient electricity to the building
when there are power failure.
Using diesel fuel to run.
Repair once every 2 year
Maintenance cost about Rm22,000.00 each
time
58. For safety purpose, technician are
required to wear protective clothing
before maintenance.
Safety Issue in Electrical System Room
Fire protection system is
installed in each room with
using a bank of high pressure
spun steel cylinders contained
CO² .
59. Sub-switch board
Similar functionality of the main
switch board which is to connect
and disconnect the electric supply
from the main switchboard.
Located in lower ground level and
distribute electricity to each level
of building through electrical riser.
60. Red= AHU, 9 nos
Green= A/C, 3 nos
Blue= Elevator, 7 nos
Location of sub-switchboard in lower ground floor
61. Electrical Components: Electrical conductor(1), Electrical Conduit(2),
Raceway(3) & Electrical riser(4)
(1): Are commonly round cross-section and are
usually made out of metals either copper or
aluminium.
(2): Used to protect the enclosed wiring from
mechanical injury and damage from
surrounding atmosphere
(3): Enclosed component that forms a physical
pathway for electrical wiring
(4): To carry electrical wiring to upper floors in
orderly and distribute them to each floor
63. P1. Inappropriate Wire Installation
• The wiring in conductor pipe are
not sealed up and exposed to the
air
• It might cause rat gnawing the
insulating cover of electrical and
exposing the bare wires,
cockroaches and ants nesting inside
the place
64. P1. Inappropriate Wire Installation
• An excessive number of wires inside
the trunking make the wiring inside
trunking to be crowded
• The excessive wires in trunking will
build-up of heat inside the trunking
• Household pests and excessive wires
can harm the cabling, which can lead
to electrical faults, shocks or even
fires
65. R1: Inappropriate Wire Installation
• Connect back the exposed wire with using fire-proof flexible pipe to
protect the exposed wires
• Technician may need to inspect the condition of cable insulation before
connection
• Install additional trunking for the excessive wires in trunking
• Number of cables which drawn into a conduit or trunking should not
exceed 45% of space factor (less than half full of cable)
• The electrical systems require the periodic maintenance in addition to non-
scheduled maintenance in case there are some unpredictable events
• To keep the system operating at an acceptable level of service to the public
66. P2. Cleanliness of the HVAC System
• Low cleanliness level in HVAC systems will reduce
the life expectancy of the equipment
• Also impacting the indoor air quality and energy
efficiency of the HVAC systems.
• Cleaning should be undertaken whenever visual
inspections indicate that there is substantial visible
mold growth inside ducts
• Ducts are infested with rodents or insects
• They are clogged with excessive amounts of dust
and debris
Duct before cleaning
Duct after cleaning
67. R2: Cleanliness of the HVAC System
• Using a Rotobrush air duct cleaning
method combines physical scrubbing
to remove dust
• Sanitizing the ducts will help kill off
mold spores and bacteria
• Improve the indoor air quality and
the heating or cooling system is
more efficient
Rotobrush
68. P3. Condenser Fan Motor
• When it goes bad, the HVAC unit will
often work initially then stop
• A bad motor that suddenly start
working again and if not bolted in
place will spin out of control causing
damage
69. R3. Condenser Fan Motor
• Check the resistance of it using a meter, if shows high resistance it
should be replaced
• Regular maintenance and checking at least yearly especially in hot
and humid climates, make sure that every bolts in tighten up before
turning it on
• Fans should be checked for alignment and to see whether they are in
a good condition and function well or not
• Request cleaner to clean the fan motors and fan blades
