Men And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom By Leslie Bell Essay

Men And The Paradox Of Sexual Freedom By Leslie Bell Essay
Men and women face many social obstacles when faced within a community that has demanding
masculine and feminine roles. Men are projected to be extremely masculine and not allow fear,
anxiety, or vulnerability to show through. Women, on the other hand, are encouraged to be strong,
pursue their careers, and experiment with their sexuality. Although women are gaining power, they
are still left with a feeling of confusion about themselves. Leslie Bell author of, "Hard to Get:
Twenty–Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom", reveals the idea of women
experimenting sexually, but at the same time experiencing a sense of confusion and pressure to settle
down and marry in their twenties. The societal view is confusing for twenty–something women
which causes women to demonstrate either/ or thinking within themselves. Bell's patient, Jayantha is
splitting her desires by deciding to be bad and rejecting relationship and not showing signs of
vulnerability. Due to her confusion, Jayanthi chose an identity that she could fully control; the bad
girl. As mentioned previously, men are also exposed to certain morals within society which are
explored in Susan Faludi's "The Naked Citadel". All of the cadets live as "humans" behind the walls
of The Citadel, where they can express their inner humanity, escape from difficulties of being a man
in the real world, while still following the standards of manliness. The Citadel is a place that allows
men to detach from the societal
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Paul Berg Research Paper
My chemist is Paul Berg. Paul Berg was born in New York, June 30 1926. Paul Berg studied at
Stanford University California. Paul Berg also went to Pennsylvania State University for his
Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry. He graduated and received his Bachelor of Science in
1948. For Paul Berg's PHD he went to Case Western Reserve University. Paul's field was in
Biochemistry. Paul received his nobel prize for his fundamental studies of biochemistry of the
nucleic acids with the particular regard to recombinant DNA. Paul Berg received his nobel prize in
1980 along with two other scientist named Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The prize share
between the three nobel prize winners was Paul Berg got ½ of the prize and Walter Gilbert

Rosalind Franklin Essay
Rosalind Franklin
As hard as is it is today for women to succeed in the sciences, one must give kudos to those that
came before us. These are the women that paved the way for today's generation of women scientists.
One such woman is Rosalind Elsie Franklin, a chemist who had a great impact on the modern day
field of genetics.
Rosalind was the second of five children. She was born on July 25, 1920 in London. The Franklin's
were an upper–class family who lived a life of luxury. Rosalind never even had to go to school – she
would have been provided for from her family's wealth. As a child, she never felt like she was
understood. She hated pretend games and did not play with dolls. Rosalind had to find the facts
behind everything ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her Research at BCURA focused on how coal could be used most efficiently. Based on this
research, she earned a Ph.D. from Cambridge in 1945 (McGrayne, 1993). To better understand the
complex crystals in coal, Rosalind started using x–ray crystallography. She became an expert at
using this technology.
In 1947, Rosalind moved to France. These years were the happiest of her life. She traveled Europe
extensively and had fun with friends. While she was in the prime of her life and could have been
married with a family, she chose not to. Rosalind loved children and would not have someone else
raise them. This commitment was not enough to make her give up her true love – science.
Rosalind headed back home to England in 1950. A physicist, John Randall of King's College,
invited Rosalind into his research group. He told her that her sole project would be to "investigate
the structure of certain biological fibres," meaning DNA. This is where a man named Maurice
Wilkins first entered the picture. He was also a research associate in this group and played a
controversial role later in Rosalind's life (McGrayne, 1993).
While at King's, Rosalind discovered much about DNA. Working with her graduate student,
Raymond Gosling, she took the X–ray photographs that would eventually lead to the helix theory of
DNA. But she also made other key discoveries. First, she determined that DNA was found in two
distinct forms, the "wet" and "dry" forms. Gosling had photographed the dry

Why Is Rosalind Franklin Important
Ethan Rosales Period 6 Science paper
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was a British biophysicist and X–ray photographer who made important
discoveries to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal, and
graphite. Her DNA work was important because it furthered our understanding of DNA. DNA is
important because it plays a large role in our genetics and personal traits. Her discoveries helped
further the research of many other scientists even the ones she was working with. She was born July
25, 1920 and sadly died April 16, 1958. She's best known for her X–Ray pictures of DNA which led
to the finding of the DNA double helix. This was a very large finding in her time. She also has a
college named after her because of all of her great work. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
By concluding that substances left coal easier when the temperature increased. Franklin helped
closely predict the usefulness of some coal for machines such as gas masks. This work based her
Ph.D theory paper. Eventually, the university awarded her a Ph.D. in 1945. This paper largely helped
her gain this achievement. It also sparked the curiosity of several more papers. On January 1951,
Franklin started working as a research associate at King's College London in the Medical Research
Council's (MRC) Biophysics Unit. At this time a man named Dr. Randall was head of this
department. Although originally she was to have worked on X–ray diffraction of proteins in
solutions, Randall redirected her work to DNA fibers before she started working at King's since
Franklin was to be the only experienced experimental diffraction researcher at King's in 1951. He
made this reassignment, even before she started working at King's, because of the following
pioneering work by Maurice Wilkins and Raymond Gosling – a Ph.D. student assigned to help
Franklin. Even using crude equipment, these two men had obtained an outstanding

Rosalind Franklin Stereotypes
Throughout the ages, women have been have been subject to gender stereotypes, such as women
should be at home, taking care of children and hearth, and should not be out conducting business,
studying science, etc. If they were making progress outside the home, their work was often not
credited properly, such in the case of Rosalind Franklin, whose photograph "51" evolved the fields
of science, medicine and more. Rosalind Franklin was born in London, England in 1920 to a
wealthy Jewish family. Though, her family valued education and public service, some sources say
that her father did not believe in university education for women. Nevertheless, Franklin enrolled at
Newnham Women's College at Cambridge University to study chemistry and physics. Franklin was
part of a graduate fellowship, but she quit after one year, choosing to work at the British Coal
Utilization Research Association (CURA). Her work there, which included studies of carbon and
graphite microstructures, served as the basis for her Ph.D. thesis in physical chemistry at Cambridge
in 1945. In 1947, she decided to move to Paris, where she worked in the Laboratoire Central des
Services Chimiques de L'Etat, learning X–ray diffraction techniques from Jacques Mering, who was
the head of the lab and is best remembered for his influence on Franklin. Just a few years later, in
1951, Franklin returned to England to work in John Randall's laboratory at King's College, London
on a DNA project that had been untouched for

The Characteristics Of Rosalind Franklin
2. To what extent did the personalities of each of the three scientists affect the way in which they did
their research? (10)
Rosalind Franklin.
Rosalind Franklin was a very independent woman, and was very stubborn. This led her to be a loner
in her scientific research. She had some close friends in Paris especially, but she did not form the
argumentative relationships and did not benefit from the constructive criticism that James Watson
and Francis Crick could. (Robinson A, 2012)
Franklin was intelligent, assertive, and directly confrontational, which made it difficult for her to
work with other scientists should they make mistakes or be slower than her in finding solutions.
This was one of the reasons why her relationship with Maurice Wilkins deteriorated at King's – she
was highly critical and he was shy and submissive. (Elkin L, 2009)
According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How did the structure of DNA identified by Watson and Crick differ from the model previously? Do
you think Rosalind Franklin received enough acknowledgement for her work from Watson and
Crick? Give reasons for your answer. (5)
Linus Pauling proposed a structure of DNA before Watson and Crick, in 1952. He suggested that the
structure of DNA was a three chain helix, bonded with hydrogen bonds. His model had placed the
sugar and phosphate components of the nucleotide in the centre of the triple helix. He also believed
that the nitrogenous bases were facing out of the helix and not inside. (Paulingblog.wordpress.com,
2009) The problem with this model however, was that it was impossible to have so many negatively
charged phosphates in the centre of the helix without it blowing itself apart.
(Paulingblog,wordpress.com, 2009)
The Watson and Crick model of the structure of DNA differed from this in the sense that it was a
double helix, the nitrogenous bases were on the inside of the helix and the phosphate and sugar
groups were on the outside of the helix. These were all bonded with hydrogen bonds.
(Biography.com,

Rosalind Franklin Research Paper
Rosalind Franklin Is a lady who originally came up with the structure cells of DNA but her
information was stolen by people who got the credit. She was one of many female scientist robbed
for credit for a major discovery. Her work was stolen from James Watson and Francis
Crick, who was also trying to make the discovery of DNA structure. Her bestfreind Maurice
Wilkins leaked her photos that she took while looking at DNA cells under a X–ray. Wilkins showed
Watson and Crick, who used Franklins photo to use to "discover" it. Franklin's Image was used for
the credit of Watson and Crick who later got the nobel peace prize . Franklin also provided an article
that helped Watson and Crick "discover" DNA structure. Franklin published more info on the

The Competition for the Secret of Life in James D....
With a competitive spirit, people are driven to act in ways that they would not otherwise and the
results can be drastic. In the case of James D. Watson and Francis Crick, in Watson's novel the
Double Helix, this sensation of competition leads to one of the greatest discoveries in biology. But
the actions of Watson, Crick, and their competitors may or may not be justified for the results that
they yield; the powerful conflict of rivalry has beneficial, detrimental, and questionably moral
consequences that shaped the pathway to DNA's structure.
At times, regardless of the setbacks, rivalry can be advantageous by giving people the inspiration to
continue. Debating on whether to give up the race, Watson realizes the full implications this ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What could have been a successful collaboration becomes a large setback for Watson since he and
Crick now had to basically start from the beginning. As the search continues, each scientist in this
rivalry is finding a possible solution but then being disproved by another since they suspend crucial
pieces of the puzzle from each other. Although Franklin places them in a state of near defeat, Watson
and Crick find the information they need in a questionable manner.
As Watson and Crick become a few steps away from discovering DNA's structure, the actions they
take are arguably justifiable and they realize the significance of this rivalry. After Maurice Wilkins,
who works in the same lab as Franklin, gave away Franklin's work to Watson, and notes: "...that if
we could all agree where science was going, everything would be solved," (170). Maurice brings a
good point; if they worked together, DNA's structure could have been discovered sooner as well as
other important mysteries of science. However, certain events would not have occurred and there is
an equal chance nothing would have been uncovered. As everything falls into place, every action
taken in order for Watson and Crick to reach the answer is reasonable considering that it lead to
biology's greatest structures. In the end, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins receives the Nobel Prize but the
reality of what they did to get there is not as straightforward.
The race for DNA's structure was full

The Origin Of The Word Dna And The Science World Is Well...
Introduction The acronym DNA in the science world is well known. Many would even be able to
say what it stands for: "Deoxyribonucleic Acid". What is not as well known is who discovered DNA
and what went on behind the scenes. Early life and Education Born in London on July 25, 1920 to a
well–known Jewish family, Rosalind Franklin was noted for her cleverness and outspokenness. She
was sent to St Paul's Girls' School which was known for its strict and demanding academics, which
included amongst its subjects, physics and chemistry. School friends later recalled that she was "best
in science, best at maths, best in everything." http://www.livescience.com/39804–rosalind–
franklin.html Rosalind''s father wanted her to go into the line of social work, but at age fifteen, she
had decided to become a scientist. In 1938, aged 18, she graduated from Newnham College at
Cambridge. Career leading up to major discovery Rosalind's first job (1938) was with the British
Coal Utilisation Research Association. Her work there contributed to the war effort as she did
investigations into the structures as well as uses of graphite and coal. Her discoveries were used to
develop gas masks which helped in the safety of Britain's soldiers. In return for her efforts in this
line of study, Cambridge University in 1945 conferred on her a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry.
Rosalind next worked in Paris at the Laboratoire Central with Jacques Merling honing in on the
science of X–ray

The Double Helix Rosalind Franklin Essay
This story starts May 1, 1992. Rosalind Franklin is responsible for photo 51, a remarkable photo of
DNA taken with x–rays. It was a top view of a strand of DNA. Watson used this picture to write a
book called, The Double Helix. In the book he cast Franklin as an evil spirited women, but this is
the opposite of what she was actually like. Many scientist objected to Watson's book and one even
questioned, "Did you even say she died?" To start the film they talk about how the Franklin family
was wealthy, and full of philanthropist. Also from an early age she loved arithmetic and memory
games. She went ot St. Paul girls school (school to prepare girls for a career), then finishes year
early gets scholarship to go to Cambridge school. About this time the Nazi were on the march. She
graduates ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Franklin died before she was credited with her information, and still today she does not get her
credit that is due. The credit that Wilkins, Crick, and Watson received was hers. When they stole her
information and saw her findings they wanted to go straight and claim it as their own, but couldn't
right away because they didn't know how to explain it without Rosalind Franklin. You can take all of
the notes from her as you want, but if you don't understand it or explain it then it is obvious that it is
not yours. This happened to Crick and Watson, but eventually they overcame this slight twist in their
plans and stole all of her data. For these men to copy her data,not acknowledge her as the author,
plagiarized. Unfortunately at this time since Franklin herself didn't publish her data there was no
well known record besides her notes to back her up as the author, it was not an obvious enough
cause to say that Crick and Watson stole her notes. For these reasons it is why it is important to
credit research and

Aaron Klug Essay
On August 11, 1926 a Jewish couple Lazar and Bella, gave birth to their son Aaron Klug. By the
time Aaron was two, him and his family left Lithuania and moved to South Africa. His father was a
trained saddler and Aaron often helped his father rear and sell cattle during his teenage years. When
it came to education, Klug had a traditional Jewish education and secular schooling. In primary
school, Klug read Microbe Hunter by Paul de Kruif which inspired him to study medicine as well as
microbiology. Once graduating Durban High School,he went off to college and attended the
University of the Witwatersrand where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. He then
went to the University of Cape Town to study for his Masters. Following his PhD, Klug moved to
London in 1953 to where he attended BirkBeck College, which was an extension of the University
of London. Here he began working with Rosalind Franklin in John's Bernal's lab. Due to this
experience he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aaron Klug also received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1981, in
1985 he was awarded with the Copley Medal and knighted in 1988 by Elizabeth II. After receiving
his notable honors, Klug continued being a teacher at Fellowship in Peterhouse, Cambridge which
was offered to him in 1962. Klug continued as a teacher because he enjoyed the courses, and found
it very intriguing. He is married to his wife Liebe Bobrow whom he has been with since 1948 and
has two children.His son Adam is doing research in Econometrics while his other son David is
studying Physics. Aaron Klug accomplished a lot in medical science in the time frame of eighty–
nine years he has been alive, and has surely made a great contribution to the world of

Jean Watson Essay
Watson was immersed in the problem of genes at a very early age and wished to contribute to
solving it as it was the most pressed issue in post–war era. His main doctorate was in genetics and
he scantly had any training in chemistry or physics for that matter. The ineptitude to chemistry he
attributes to his own laziness. (Page 10).
Watson found the model building approach employed by Linus Pauling as "a sensational new
method" to solving the alpha helix as the structure for proteins (Pages 18–19
Watson's approach to solving the DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) was to employ model building as
done by Linus Pauling at Cal Tech for the alpha–helix structure of proteins. Watson was wary of the
fact that Pauling relied on "simple laws of structural chemistry" to solve his model rather complex
mathematical approach (Page 27). Such an approach meant that Watson who was trained in the arts
of Physics or Chemistry could dabble at the model for a DNA without having to spend an
extravagant time required to learn the arts of X–ray crystallography and in depth chemistry. This
approach suited Watson's ambition of a quick shot at the glory he so desired.
Watson also realised that X–ray data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Crick found flaw in V Vand's proposed theory of X–ray diffraction by helices, he consulted
his Cavendish colleague Bill Cochran. Both of the men, came up with a solution independently with
different methods and the result agreed with X–ray diffraction diagram's obtained Max Perutz
during his research (Page 36). This development further increased the knowledge and application of
the theory of how helices were supposed to look in X–ray photographs for Watson and Crick
coalition. Watson not able to follow the mathematical expertise required to understand the theory,
however, became well acquainted with the physical manifestation of helices on X–photographs of
crystalline

I chose Rosalind Franklin as my topic because i know a little bit about her and i want to learn more
about her. Also i think she would be a cool physicist to research about. Also she was a woman and it
was the 1950's so it was probably really hard and she probably got discouraged a lot. I wanna know
how she got through it and what other challenges she faced.
What i already know about Rosalind Franklin was she was a chemist and x–ray crystallographer.
Also she was born July 25th, 1920. Then died April 16th, 1958. She was only 37 years old when she
died. She sadly died from ovarian cancer.
Rosalind Franklin was born into a Jewish family on July 25th, 1920. She was born in Notting Hill,
London, England. Her family found out she was very intelligent when she was young. She knew she
wanted to be a scientists from the age of 15. For her education she went to North London Collegiate
school. Then she went to st Paul's girls school. Then for college she went to Newnham college,
Cambridge in London. She was awarded second class Honors in her finals. Then she went on to
work as an assistant research officer at the British Coal Utilisation Research Association. While she
was there she studied the porosity of coal. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was studying DNA structure with x–ray diffraction. One of her discoveries was with her student
Raymond Gosling, they took pictures of DNA and discovered that there is two forms of DNA, a dry
"A" form and a wet "B" form. That discovery is known as photograph 51. She probably would have
had a lot more discoveries but she was fighting ovarian cancer for 2 years and then later died when
she was

What Is The Role Of Women Reflected In King's College?
King's College: Franklin arrived at King's college in 1951. She worked at King's college and
discovered the structure of DNA at the college.
Gender: Being a female made her life difficult. Her colleagues would not associate with her at times
because she was a woman. Women weren't allowed to enter the senior common room to eat lunch,
only men were allowed.
Upper class background: Franklin was born into a socially well–connected family. Her father was an
investment banker and her mom was the daughter of a lawyer.
X–ray crystallography: Franklin used this technique to discover the 3D shape of molecules. She
started out using this on carbon and coal and then later moved onto biological subjects.
DNA: Franklin and Wilkins contributed to the discovery

Rosalind Franklin's Life And Accomplishments
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born on July 25, 1920 in Notting Hill, London. She went to school at
St. Paul's Girls School in London before going to the University of Cambridge to get a degree in
chemistry. After graduation, she stayed at the University studying gas–phase chromatology. She is
known for studying DNA structure, virus structure, and the structure of graphite and coal. Franklin's
most known scientific accomplishment is helping to discover DNA's helical structure. When she
moved to Paris in 1947, she worked at the Laboratoire Central des Services Chimiques de L'Etat
with Jaques Mering. He taught her about x–ray diffraction, which was important in discovering the
DNA structure. Using x–ray diffraction, Rosalind categorized carbon

Examples Of Existentialism In As You Like It
SHAKESPEAREAN PLAY PHILOSOPHY The play to be reviewed is As You Like It, written by
William Shakespeare. The prevailing philosophy throughout the play is existentialism. What is
existentialism? Existentialism can be defined through its ontology. Ontology is the study of the
nature of reality and is also called the theory of reality. The ontology of existentialism can be
discussed in under concepts of man and existence. In the concept of man, existentialists believe that
man is not bound by any antecedent human nature but rather free to determine its own nature. It
opposed those deterministic theories (ex. inborn talents, predestined path of life, etc.) and favoured
principle of indeterminism. To be a man is to be undetermined, to be free. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Heidegger, man can only reflect his real self to his self. Man cannot be what he is not.
He can be what he is already: his existence. He further says that humans were temporal beings. It
finds itself finite because he was bound in time and the space he was experiencing. And when man
finds itself finite, his existence would be doomed. But by his free will, he can overcome these
threats to his existence. For Heidegger, on the one hand man is creator of his own experience and on
the other hand, he is subject of his experience. If man accepts the responsibility for developing his
own being then he has true human aspects in his personality. In the concept of existence,
existentialists differentiate the verb "to exist" from the verb "to live". For them, existence means a
full, self conscious, responsible and growing life. Existentialists divided the concept of existence
between authentic existence, and inauthentic existence. A man can live in an unauthentic existence
by being a member of a group that is absorbed only in things and details of everyday life. But a man
can live in an authentic existence by living through his choices. As quoted from Marcel, 'to exist'
means not just to be 'present to my own aware–ness'

Vivien Case Study Summary
Before Vivien Thomas got his hands on that lab coat, he was a regular worker that worked for a
corporate boss that dealt with carpenting. After that day he was hired, Doctor Blalock gave Viven a
white lab coat that will make him feel respected not only for himself but to other higher medical
professions to prove that he is equal as them. But there were discrimination against his white lab
coat not only to the white but also to his own people as well. One example is when Vivien, was
setting up the lab for Doctor Blalock, Doctor Edgar came in and questioned him of who he is. And
after Vivien answered him, he ordered him to buy him a donut and coffee. Vivien refused to do his
task because even though with his lab coat on, the color of his skin

Vertigo and His Girl Friday
The films Vertigo and His Girl Friday, directed by Alfred Hitchcock and Howard Hawks
respectively, are good representations of classical cinema. A stigma associated with classical cinema
is the film's portrayal of women. Feminist film theorists believe that the male protagonist play a
more prominent role while women are only something to be looked at and acted upon. Both films
possess a male and a female protagonist. His Girl Friday casts Cary Grant as a cunning newspaper
editor named Walter Burns, as well as Rosalind Russell as former reporter and former wife of
Walter, Hildy Johnson. Vertigo stars James Stewart as a former detective named Scottie Ferguson,
and Kim Novak as Madeleine Ester, a woman Scottie is hired to investigate. Both films challenge
the feminist's hypothesis with powerful and intelligent women who have some control over men in
the film. Yet in both films the male protagonist ultimately has control over the female even though
the stigma is tested throughout the entirety of both films. In the film His Girl Friday, Hildy Johnson
is an ex–reporter whose goal is to settle down and have a normal life with her fiancé Bruce Baldwin.
She returns to tell Walter that she is finished reporting forever but Walter's goal is to make her a
reporter again and eventually remarry her. Hildy is a beautiful woman and steals every scene she is
in, other than perhaps the scenes involving Walter. In an early scene of the film Hildy enters in on
the reporters playing

DNA Controversy: A Narrative Analysis
The discovery of DNA consisted of one person, and three teams, and many people felt the credit was
given unfairly, which caused controversy to who should've really deserved credit. Crick, and Watson
were given credit, but a major part of their success came from the others. Wilkins created the camera
that would've later revealed the shape of DNA, and got credit, which he should, but other people felt
his partner Franklin should've gotten credit, however, without Wilkins she would've never got far.
Pauling didn't do much, and a man named Chargaff discovered the bases of DNA, which contributed
to Crick, and Watson's achievement. I believe Wilkins, and Chargaff deserved credit since Wilkins
created the camera that would've revealed the structure

Rosalind Franklin was born in 1920 in London, England and earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry
from Cambridge University. She learned crystallography (The science of determining the
arrangement of atoms) and X–ray diffraction, techniques that she applied to DNA fibers. One of her
photographs provided key insights into DNA structure, the double helix. Other scientists used it as
the basis for their DNA model and took credit for the discovery. Franklin died of ovarian cancer in
1958, at age 37.
British chemist Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born into an affluent and Jewish family on July 25,
1920, in Notting Hill, London, England. She displayed exceptional intelligence from early
childhood, knowing from the age of 15 that she wanted to be a scientist. She received her education
at several schools, including North London Collegiate School, where she excelled in science, among
other things. Rosalind Franklin enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied
chemistry. In 1941, she was awarded Second Class Honors in her finals, which, at that time, was
accepted as a bachelor's degree in the qualifications for employment.
In January 1951, Franklin began working as a research associate at the King's College London in the
biophysics unit, where director John Randall used her expertise and X–ray diffraction techniques
(mostly of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She displayed exceptional intelligence from early childhood, knowing from the age of 15 that she
wanted to be a scientist. She received her education at several schools, including North London
Collegiate School, where she excelled in science, among other things. Rosalind Franklin enrolled at
Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied chemistry. In 1941, she was awarded Second
Class Honors in her finals, which, at that time, was accepted as a bachelor's degree in the
qualifications for

Rosalind Franklin Biography
Rosalind Franklin was born in the year 1920 in London, England to a "socially well–connected,
upper class [Jewish] family" (Famous Scientists "Rosalind Franklin). The second of five children to
be born to Ellis Franklin and Muriel Waley (Elkin). Franklin was close to her siblings, David, Colin,
Roland, and Jenifer. Her brothers would teach her and show her activities that were typically
enjoyed by boys such as sports and competition, but she still showed a zeal and passion for the
debates and intellectual discussions that her family would engage in (Elkin). Jenifer, Rosalind's
sister, spoke about Rosalind, saying that she was " highly intelligent, logical, determined and
articulate" and did excellent in these debates and discussions (Elkin). Their father, Ellis Franklin,
was an investment banker, while their mother, Muriel Waley, was the daughter of a lawyer (Famous
Scientists "Rosalind Franklin). As their parents, Franklin and Waley encourage the five children to
think critically and put real effort and intellectual thought into the family debates, encouraging them
to think for themselves and have their own firm opinions (Famous Scientists "Rosalind Franklin).
Looking at her home life, it is not hard to believe that Rosalind Franklin excelled in her academic
pursuits. For high school, she attended St Paul's Girls' School, a prestigious private school, starting
at only 11 years old (Elkins). Her school friends described her by saying, "She was best in science,
best at

Jean Watson Influence On The Structure Of Dna
Sixty–five years ago, the structure of DNA was unknown. In contrast to other sciences such as
chemistry, which dates to around the time of the Egyptians, and physics, which came into vogue
during the 1600s, molecular biology is truly a modern phenomenon. Until 1952, many biologists
continued to believe that proteins carried genetic material. The next year, In 1953 James Watson and
Francis Crick published their findings on the structure of DNA. Their proposition states that DNA
consists of a double helix with alternating deoxyribose and phosphate molecules in the backbone.
While many may attribute the structure of DNA to other scientists, it was Watson who formulated
the model. To complete this, he synthesized data uncovered by his colleges, the most famous of
which was Rosalind Franklin. Her understudy, Raymon Gosling, captured the iconic Photo 51, an
X–ray diffraction photograph of DNA. This image confirms the double–helical structure of DNA.
Also seen in the image is the sugar phosphate backbone. Another influence on Watson's conclusions
was the work of Erwin Chargaff, who suggests that there are four ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Debates rage on whether Rosalind Franklin would have come to the same conclusion about Photo
51. Watson also brought in information from Chargaff, among others, to polish his formulation.
From his work and mindset, one sees that a scientist must be curious about an unsolved problem and
strive to complete it. For example, after meeting Maurice Wilkins and hearing about his X–ray
refraction technique, Watson believed in the possibility that he could deduce the structure of DNA,
and he pushed after his new–found goal. Of equal importance is the ability to integrate data from
different sources into a coherent argument. This integration is why James Watson was the most
influential in discovering the structure of

Polio History
Arthur C. Clarke once said, "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from
magic." Indeed, this has proven to be true. Technology has broken down barriers and has led to an
easier life, and thus has spread so widely and quickly. Technology has seen incredible growth since
ancient times; from the pyramids to the printing press to robots. The discovery of DNA and the
creation of the polio vaccine are both incredible discoveries of the 1950's that continue to impact the
world today.
In the year of 1896, a scientist named Friedrich Meiser discovered DNA. However, the actual role
and structure of DNA was still under question until Erwin Chargaff proved that adenine, thymine,
guanine, and cytosine are not equally present in DNA ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He said that during polio's peak in the 1940's, there were many precautions being taken by families,
not allowing kids to go to public places like the movie theater and avoiding soda cans (Weeks). To
help combat polio, The March of Dimes was founded to raise money for people suffering from
polio; they used posters showing pictures of children in crutches and iron lungs to help raise money
(Singer 741). The vaccine was a miracle that came to the American people, and greatly subdued
polio cases, as Morris remembers (Morris), and the numbers don't disagree either. In 1945, the total
number of reported polio cases in the United States was 13,624 and it rose to 42, 033 in 1949 ("PHI:
Incidence Rates of Poliomyelitis in US"). In 1955, the year the vaccine was declared effective and
put into use, the total cases dropped to 28, 985 then dropped to 8,425 in 1959 ("PHI: Incidence
Rates of Poliomyelitis in US"). The polio vaccine had certainly been influential since it brought
down the number of polio cases to zero by 2008 ("PHI: Incidence Rates of Poliomyelitis in US").
Everyone gets their vaccine today to prevent another outbreak, and this vaccine has spread abroad to
other nations that faced, or are facing a polio crisis. In fact, Nepal was introduced to the IPV about a
couple of years ago and Nepal was declared polio free soon after (Pokharel). If it weren't for the
creation of the vaccine, who knows how even more deadly polio would have become

Character Analysis Of James Watson In The Novel The Double...
James Watson– James Watson is both the narrator and author of the novel "The Double Helix." The
reader begins to understand this character by the actions and ways this character is treated. He is at
the time 19 years old and graduated from the University of Chicago. James Watson is a character the
reader can relate to with events such as James not just focusing on science, but enjoying parties and
meeting the girls at Cambridge University. He is portrayed as a very determined scientist as he
throughout the novel. He shows this when he studies RNA, bacterial sextuality and most importantly
DNA. He dreamed of achieving scientific glory through genetics and microbiology. Watson uses
most of his time working and struggling with Francis Crick to create a DNA model. Him and Crick
work well together even through some road blocks and bumps. Along the way Watson also works
with Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. Rosalind Franklin provides conflict because she has
difficulty at first working and getting along with the others. This group of scientist navigates a new
world of discoveries as they race other scientists to the DNA structure. They are motivated by this
competition and they use the mistakes of the other scientist to their advantage. For example when
they get hold of a draft of Pauling's most recent breakthrough on DNA. They are shocked and
disappointed to find out it looks as though he has cracked it, however it turns out he has made some
very noticeable mistakes. The

20th Century DNA Research
DNA has been titled the most important scientific discovery of the 20th century. DNA is cells which
contain chemicals and It carries the information that determines what you are like. Understanding
the structure of DNA allowed other scientists to work on the individual elements of the DNA helix.
The biggest research is the human genome project. Numerous number of people consider that the
two scientists James Watson and Francis revealed DNA in the 1950s. However, Swiss chemist
Friedrich Miescher was first to recognize DNA in the late 1860s. After Miescher's recognition of
DNA, it opened new branch to gain knowledge. Phoebus Levene and Erwin Chargaff passed out a
series of research determinations which revealed additional information about the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data in DNA is primarily read and then it is copied into a messenger molecule. DNA embraces
the code for proteins, which are complex molecules that do huge amounts of work around our body.
After, the information held in this molecule is translated into a language which the body can
understand. Amino acids build blocks of proteins. It is this precise language that commands how the
amino acids should produce a particular protein. Moreover, DNA plays an important role in
replication. It is vital for the reproduction to the maintenance and growth of cells, tissues, and body
systems. A DNA molecule result in a series of bases without pairs along the backbone of the
molecule. DNA has four bases all part of a nucleotide. The four bases in DNA are about the base
that they will attach to. This means that adenine only pairs with thymine and guanine will only pair
with cytosine. Since nucleotides attach with unpaired bases on the backbone of the DNA molecule.
it builds a new strand that complements. The result at last is a strand which is a perfect match to the
original. When cells replicate in the body it produces new skin and blood cells. If mistakes occur,
there are systems to repair the

Rosalind Franklin College
"Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated"; this seemingly simple statement is
found in a letter written by Rosalind Franklin to her father. Over seventy years after this declaration
was made, an abundance of people have proven its truth and unknowingly use this statement to
influence their education and life. Although Rosalind Franklin underwent various trials throughout
her life, generational research can attend that her persistence made her into the brilliant chemist that
is still remembered today. Rosalind Franklin's most recognized piece of work is her important
contributions in understanding the structure of DNA, a remarkable discovery considering her
unexpectedly short lifespan. When looking at the impact Franklin ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This opportunity made Norrish particularly unhappy and pessimistic, and because of which it, it can
be easily assumed that the work environment became dreadful, and therefore Rosalind left the lab
within a year. Even though Rosalind had a poor start to her scientific career, she continued to pursue
her passion; her direction of work slightly altered as her second job focused on helping the soldiers
at war. Rosalind joined the Coal Utilization Research Association and was assigned to explore in
great detail the density and porous nature of coal, more specifically, Rosalind focused on the
micropores which were found at a molecular scale. It was during this time that people began fearing
this war would be like the First World War in the sense of the rapidly–spreading poisonous gas.
Therefore, research into coal as filters for gas masks was urgent. This complex research proved to be
valuable for her following work positions which dealt with more microstructures. Cambridge
University awarded Rosalind a Doctorate based on her substantial research in this field of Physical
Chemistry. Two years after receiving her Doctorate she moved to Paris where she found a job using
X–ray diffraction; this was generally used to determine the structure of crystal structures, but use
began to explore the shape of structure–less molecules. In 1950 she was invited to build an X–ray
diffraction laboratory at King's College and because of her expertise gained over the years, Rosalind
was the lead researcher for specific X–ray efforts. When Maurice Wilkins returned to his laboratory
he immediately assumed that she was hired as an assistant to him. Both Wilkins and Rosalind started
off on the wrong foot yet both researched DNA, but did not collaborate with their efforts. Franklin
quickly learned of the drastic gender differences when she was instructed to eat in a

Argumentative Essay On Rosalind Franklin
The fact that many people probably have not heard of Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Lise Meitner, Esther
Lederberg, Chien–Shiung Wu or Rosalind Franklin, is not surprising. These women, among many
other female scientists, have been robbed of their recognition due to sexism. Female scientists have
a reputation of being ignored, in a sense that they did not receive enough, if not any, credit for their
ideas and work. If you ask people who were responsible for the discovery of DNA, most people
would answer Watson and Crick. However, there were some scientists that made key contributions,
and are not properly acknowledged. Rosalind Franklin is seen as one of the most discredited
researchers of all times. She had played an important role in the development of the model of the
DNA molecule, but the other male scientists took all the credit, and, received the Nobel Prize for
'their' discovery.
Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born in London, in July 1920. Her family was a wealthy and well–
connected British Jewish family. As a child she was already a very bright ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, today, she is more and more acknowledged – especially due to the recent rise of
passionate feminists. Also, historian's and archivist's work over the past few decades has promoted
Franklin and she has become more widely known. Numerous books and articles have been written
about Franklin and the lack of credit she has received. In 2004, a university in Illinois, US, was
renamed to Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in dedication to Rosalind
Franklin. The university states "One thing is certain – she died without ever knowing the true
magnitude of her contribution to the science of life". Finally, one could say Watson actually did
Franklin a favour, by portraying her almost villain–like in his book. Had he not done this, she might
had been forgotten

Rosalind Franklin Dna Replication
Because of her discovery of the B–form of DNA, recognition that two states of the
DNA molecule existed and defined the conditions for the transition, essentially being literally only
two steps away from discovering the structure of DNA herself, Rosalind
Franklin deserved to be a co–winner of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Prize in
Medicine for elucidating the structure of DNA in such a way that the mechanism for genetic
replication was revealed. The x–ray, or photograph that James Watson, Francis
Crick and Maurice Wilkins used, and was extremely viable in all three of their research, was a direct
result of work carried out by Rosalind Franklin while at King's College in
London. Instead, the three men received the recognition and Rosalind ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From these photographs, or x–rays, she was able to draw a logical conclusion to the basic
dimensions of DNA strands. Rosalind actually presented these findings at a lecture in King's College
at which one of the eventual Prize winners, James Watson, were in attendance. Franklin tried to
figure out how the double helix worked but wasn't able to. Without her permission,
Franklin's co–worker, Maurice Wilkins, secretly showed her photos to the American scientist
Watson. He and Francis Crick, his British research partner, were trying to build a DNA model.
When Watson saw the photographs, he realized that DNA is a double– stranded helix and the two
were able to complete the model.
In 1953, the same year Rosalind left Cambridge, both Wilkins and Franklin published papers on
their X–ray data in the same journal issue with Watson and Crick's paper on the structure of DNA.
Neither published paper gave credit to the photo that would eventually help, if not become the
breakthrough they needed in their

Research Paper On James Watson
Who Was James Watson?
Of the entire amazing scientist that changed our understanding of what we know, James Watson was
one of those scientists. James Watson, born on April 6th, 1928, discovered important unknown facts
about genes.
Who and What Did Watson Study With? James Watson studied zoology and biology. During his
studies, he worked with two men, first biochemist Herman Kalckar and then microbiologist Ole
Maaløe, as stated on https://www.biography.com/people/james–d–watson–9525139. Herman
Kalckar and Ole Maaløe helped James prove and discover the answer to his work.
The Discovery On the spring of 1953 Watson made a discovery of the double–helical configuration.
The double–helical configuration is a DNA molecule is a twisting ladder, which

Rosalind Elsie Franklin was a British chemist that discovered the structure of DNA, along with
many other things. Rosalind was born into her family on July 25, 1920, in London, and passed away
at the age of 38. Her mother's name was Muriel Frances Waley and her father's name was Ellis
Arthur Franklin. Rosalind was one of five children in her family, and her siblings names were
Jenifer, Colin, Ronald, and David. Ever since the age of 15, she knew that being a scientist was how
she wanted to contribute to the world. Her father disagreed because he knew that it was hard for a
woman to pursue a science career, and the cost of tuition was expensive. During Rosalind's studies,
she attended multiple schools, including London Collegiate School, Newnham College, and St.
Paul's Girls' School, where she was a stellar student. After her schooling was over, she began
working as an assistant research officer at the British Coal Utilisation Research Association. This is
where she researched coal. In 1946, she was taught about X–Ray diffraction, which is how her ...
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In 1951, she decided to take some pictures of X–Ray diffraction DNA, which showed a helical
appearance. The photographs that she took evidently showed that DNA was a double helix. This did
not match the theory that the formation was made of three chains. Other scientists such as James
Watson and Francis Crick contributed to the findings as well. Soon after Franklin made her
discovery, Watson and Crick used her data and information to benefit themselves, by producing an
accurate model, which they could not do before. Shortly after Rosalind Franklin passed away,
Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discoveries. There are many people that
believe Rosalind did not receive the amount of credit that she deserved, and that Watson and Crick
got unearned credit. In 1953, they published "their"

How Did Rosalind Franklin Contribute To The Structure Of Dna
Who really discovered the structure of DNA? Though there were many scientists with contributions
to understanding the structure of DNA one scientist stood out above all others; Rosalind Franklin.
Although some people believed Watson and Crick made the most contributions to the discovery of
the structure of DNA, I believe Rosalind Franklin made the most contributions. Rosalind Franklin
was the scientist who took photos of DNA to figure out its form, proved phosphates are on the
outside of DNA strands, and performed calculations on DNA to prove DNA's structure. First,
Rosalind Franklin was able to take photos of DNA that helped in the discovery of the structure of
DNA. Rosalind took photos of DNA in a dry and wet state that helped to discovered the structure of
DNA. When the DNA was dry, the strands thickened to form a sharp scatter. When the DNA was
wet the strands stretched to form a distinctive x. The dry DNA took the form of a helix which helped
her to conclude that the DNA has phosphates. When Franklin took photos of DNA it was a huge
milestone in the understanding of the structure of DNA. Without photos of DNA there would be no
evidence to prove any of the scientists theories. Franklin's photos were a major step in figuring ...
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Watson and Crick were able to figure out the pairs of nucleotides before Franklin was able to figure
it out. This made sense that the base pairs are on the inside of the strands while the outside holds
two sugar–phosphate strands. Watson and Crick, from looking at Rosalind's research, were also able
to conclude that DNA crystals could be flipped upside down and backwards, and still look the same
meaning the backbone to the structure must be identical and that they run in opposite directions. If
no one put all of the information together, we might not know everything about the structure of
DNA that we know

Rosalind Franklin Biography
It is certainly no doubt that Rosalind Franklin has made a huge mark in science through her
discoveries. Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born in July 25, 1920 in London. Even as a young child, it
was easy to tell that Rosalind was a gifted child. She was very clever for her age, and was eager to
extend her knowledge. Her father was also interested in the field of science, and dreamt of becoming
a scientist, but due to World War 1, he wasn't able to pursue his dreams. Her whole family was
mainly involved in social and public works, and Rosalind wanted to follow a different path. By the
age of 15, she knew that she wanted to pursue a career in science, but her family largely disagreed.
During the mid–1900's, a women to go into science was rare, and difficult because women did not
have the opportunity to go into such a hard field. Nevertheless, her mind was set, and was able to
accomplish many great discoveries using her courage and remarkable intelligence. Her early
education was at St. Paul's Girls' School and excelled as a student. She was taught chemistry and
physics which interested her. Not many schools during this time would teach such topics to girls.
Mary Bagley, the author of "Rosalind Franklin: Biography and Discovery of DNA Structure," has
reported that two of her early school friends have stated, "She was best in science, best at maths,
best in everything. She expected that if she undertook to do something, she would be in charge of
it." It became clear that Rosalind

Virtue Theory And Abortion By Rosalind Hursthouse
PHI 107 Essay Assignment 11/24/15 Katelalyn Miller Virtue Theory is one of many different moral
theories that exist today. It is based off of Aristotle's Virtue Ethics which focuses on having an ideal
character. The main focus of Virtue Theory is the role of one's character, which is closely related to
its roots in Aristotle. A Virtue Theorist would do things because it is who they themselves are, not
because it is good to do them or because they will get something good from doing them. In the
article, "Virtue Theory and Abortion", by Rosalind Hursthouse, she explains her view on abortion
without trying to solve the issue of if it is right or wrong. She, with the use of Virtue Theory, simply
says that an action is right only if a virtuous agent would do it were they in the same circumstances.
She goes on explaining how a Virtue Theorist needs to apply if actions are honest/dishonest and
charitable/uncharitable; without doing this then Virtue Theory would be of no use with real moral
issues because of a lack of argument. Hursthouse says that there are two main things taken into
consideration when speaking of the morality of abortion. The first thing is the status of the fetus,
meaning whether or not it is a conscious being and if it may or may not be killed. The second thing
is women's rights, if a woman has the right to choose what is best for her own body and mind over
the

Film Analysis : Iron Man
In the 2008 movie "Iron Man", the protagonist Tony Stark makes several decisions of ethical
importance. In the following paragraphs we will examine five of these decisions. After we will
analyze two of those decisions more thoroughly. The first noted decision, is Tony Stark's decision to
shut down the weapons manufacturing division of Stark Industries, after coming home from being
held hostage by terrorists. Terrorists who possessed weapons manufactured by Stark Industries. This
decision is important for many reasons. From an Aristotelian point of view this is was a very
virtuous act. Tony Stark has stated that he creates weapons meant to defend and protect Americans.
When he realized his weapons were being used to kill Americans he decided to shut down the
weapons manufacturing division of his company. The second important decision Tony Stark makes
is to not market his suit technology. This decision is one that supports his previous decision to stop
manufacturing weapons. Although he is still manufacturing a weapon, this is a weapon that he
intends to utilize himself exclusively. This decision is of great importance because had Tony Stark
marketed this new technology, not only would he be going against the virtue that led him to shut
down his weapons manufacturing division of Starks Industry, as stated in the previous chapter. He
would be marketing a weapon more advanced than all other, while knowing that will very likely fall
in the wrong hands. After Tony Stark return

James D. Watson's The Double Helix
James D. Watson's The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA
is his version of what happened between 1950 and 1953 and how he and his colleague Francis Crick
discovered the structure of DNA. In this essay I will establish how Watson presents himself, how he
describes his own personality and character as a scientist, the nature of science and the
characteristics of the scientific community. In particular, how he depicts the the character and
personality of other scientists specifically Linus Pauling and Rosalind Franklin. I will do this in
relation to Mertonian norms Communism and Organised Skeptism as well as Ian Mitroff's counter–
norms Secrecy, Passionate Commitment and Dogmatism for Watson's choice to indirectly make
reference to these norms and counter–norms aid us in the sense that they play the crucial role of
facilitating us in understanding the views and information he presents in his account. ... Show more
It is constantly recurring throughout his autobiographical statements as he recounts how each small
discovery by the scientists he encounters help find a simple explanation, model for the structure of
DNA from the complex ideas and evidence they began with. It is seen that each scientist had
something to contribute whether it was a discovery or knowledge in their area of expertise that was
beneficial in the discovery of the DNA structure. For example, when Crick saw Crystallographer
V.Vand's discovery of "a theory for the diffraction of x–rays by helical molecules" though he
thought the theory was invalid it peaked his curiosity in finding an accurate theory. Furthermore, in
Watson's interview it is seen that when it comes to science he thinks that if there is scientific
knowledge that will affect human beings', scientists, the scientific community should work to ensure
that they understand the knowledge and

A Viable Option?
A person they've never even met before? Out of self–defense the reader has every right to detach
themselves from the violinist because they have no obligation to him, they were forced into the
situation without consent in the first place. So, if birthing a child would be of some detriment to a
woman, as an act of self–defense, would abortion not be a viable option? Marquis FLO theory
would suggest otherwise. Simply because a fetus will have a brighter future than the mothers,
justifies why murder is immoral. But I must ask, if a mother plans an abortion because, either her
body is incapable of giving birth without serious detriments to her health, or for financial reasons,
what kind of life would that child live? Would a bright future include one without the guidance of a
mother because she died during childbirth? Or would it consist of hopping from foster home to
foster home because they have no permanent family to call their own? In America alone there are
approximately 400,000 children without a permanent home, on the premise that their future 'might'
be great? The FLO Marquis describes seems to be a rather brutal outlook upon the value of human
life. The odds of an orphan finding a suitable and safe home with a family that can care for them is
slim, so why is it still immoral to abort the child to prevent a fetus from a life of destitute if we are
certain that the life of the mother will remain prosperous without the child, would there be more
minimal value worth more

James Watson Honor Essay
The definition of honor is the regard with great respect. My definition of honor is to recognize those
who have helped people somehow in any way, shape, or form. James was involved in the co–
discovery of the double–helix structure of DNA along with Francis Crick. James Watson received a
Nobel Prize for it in 1962 and went on to do work in cancer research and mapping the human
genome. James found out the location of the DNA on a strand, and is the first person to even
identify what it looks like to the human eye. James Dewey Watson was born in Chicago, Illinois, on
April 6, 1928, and spent his youth there, going to Horace Mann Grammar School and South Shore
High School before winning a grant to the University of Chicago and selecting at age ... Show more
Also he helped with mapping cancer to help people or warn others, so they will be able to find if
they have it. James helped out everyone on this planet and those who are sick or are sick but don't
know it. To be recognized in the scientific community you have to do something amazing. Crick and
James Watson's first look toward taking in the structure of DNA missed the goal, but their second
look took place in the spring 1953 and brought about the match of the ladder helical look. Which
takes after a stepping stool. Their model added how the DNA particle could copy itself. Watson and
Crick had looked the work of English scientist Rosalind Franklin, a partner of Maurice Wilkins' at
King's College London, to land at their noteworthy disclosure, notwithstanding, her commitment to
their discoveries would go generally unrecognized until after her she died. Franklin had made a few
unpublished working papers talking about the basic characteristics of DNA, and with her understudy
Raymond Gosling had taken a X–ray diffraction picture of DNA, known as Photo 51, which would
get to be urgent proof in recognizing the structure of

Francis Crick 's First Impression
Francis Crick's first impression as per Watson's view, possessed a "quick, penetrative mind" and
frequently sought after for advice yet not oft valued. (page 3)
Watson also attributed Crick with fast paced and loud converser and possessor of such a
boisterous/buoyant laughter that "his location within the Cavendish was obvious". (Page 4)
Watson of opinion that anything that Crick would touch would eventually be regarded as the Gospel
of that field due to his brilliant insights into someone's work. (Page 4) This the very first impression
of Watson that Crick who was merely meagre in his own experimental work for his Ph.D as
represented by him flooding the hall way with water because he had neglected to prepare his
experimental equipment properly. Whereas he was extremely quick in intervening on other's lab
work and providing insights on as to how should the experiments proceed going further. This is my
opinion is the start of this coalition between sketchy Watson and intrusive Crick alliance that
obtained and used works of many prominent scientists such as Chargaff, Donohue, Wilkins,
Franklin yet failed to give proper credit due to each one of them with a marginal exception of
Wilkins.
Watson mentions British sense of fair play would not allow Francis Crick to move into the structure
of DNA that was the subject of his friend Maurice Wilkins.
Watson did not like Franklin from the very start as he painted a picture in his mind through the
portrayal of Maurice

Analyzing Mary Anning's Childhood
When one thinks of important scientific figures hailing from Europe, people such as Galileo Galilei,
Isaac Newton, or Marie Curie are the first to come to mind. Few are familiar with Mary Anning.
Although an obscure figure, Anning was one of the most significant contributors to paleontology,
known by some as "the greatest fossilist the world ever knew" (Torrens 257). Born on May 21,
1799, Mary Anning was born in the town of Lyme Regis, located in England. Her father, Richard
Anning, a carpenter, and her mother, Mary Moore, had a total of nine children. Among the nine,
only Mary and Joseph Anning reached adulthood; the rest had passed away while they were children
(Famous People – Mary Anning). Mary Anning is known to have had unique experiences as a child.
At the age of one, a woman holding Anning was struck by lightning and killed, along with two
others. Anning was rendered unconscious, but was brought back after a warm bath. After this event,
it is documented that the formerly dull and sickly Anning showed higher signs of intelligence, and
was livelier (Dickens). Although it is difficult to say whether or not this event truly affected her
intelligence because of her age as to when it happened, it is a remarkable story, nonetheless. As
Mary went through her childhood, she developed a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The area where Anning lived, Lyme Regis, was an outstanding place for fossil hunting.
Approximately 200 million years ago, the area was located the equator, underneath the ocean. The
reason the fossils are so abundant now is because marine animals, after dying, would sink to the
bottom of the ocean and would be buried in mud, resulting in preservation. To this day, Lyme Regis
is full of fossils, and now, amateurs are permitted to fossils along the beach. If they obtain a permit,
they are also allowed to dig along the cliffs

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