100 word
Choose one of the Two options:
Option 1:
Identify and explain a policy proposal that you think is a really great idea that has not been adopted. This could be at the local, state, or federal level.
Explain why you think it has not been adopted.
Option 2:
Identify and explain a policy that is now law that you think is a really bad idea. This could be at the local, state, or national level.
Explain why you think that idea became official policy.
When the temperature ranges between 30 – 37 the fan will turn ON
Results output:
26.5 c
25.4 c
25.3 c
27.3 c
30.1 c
35.4 c
30.3 c
27.2 c
26.4 c
EE 3331
Laboratory for Electronics I
College of Engineering
name
Experiment performed on: August 30, 2018
Report submitted on: September 6, 2018
Table of Contents
Section Title Page
Table of Contents ii
List of Tables ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose 1
2.0 METHODOLOGY 2
2.1 Equipment 2
2.2 Procedure 2
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3
4.0 CONCLUSION 7
LIST OF REFERENCES 7
ii
List of Figures
Number Title Page
1. Cycles 4
2. Cycles 4
3. X-Y scale 6
4. DMM Error Vs. Frequency 6
LIST OF TABLES
Number Title Page
1 AC Coupling Values 6
2 DC Coupling Values 6
3 DMM Percentage Error 6
iii
Introduction
Background
In D.C. circuits the power delivered to a circuit element is given by the product of the voltage across the element and the current through the element. This is also true of the instantaneous power to a resistor in an A.C. circuit. For many applications the instantaneous power is of only minimal interest and the average power delivered over time is of primary interest. This is particularly true in power systems. In order to have an easy way of measuring power the effective or rms method of measuring voltage and current was developed. The effective value is defined as the value of the equivalent D.C. quantity that would deliver the same average power to the same resistor. Since power is given by p(t) = v(t)i(t) = v(t)2/R = i(t)2R, it is necessary to integrate to find the average value of the power.
For a periodic function t.
PANDITA RAMABAI- Indian political thought GENDER.pptx
100 word Choose one of the Two optionsOption 1Identify an.docx
1. 100 word
Choose one of the Two options:
Option 1:
Identify and explain a policy proposal that you think is a really
great idea that has not been adopted. This could be at the local,
state, or federal level.
Explain why you think it has not been adopted.
Option 2:
Identify and explain a policy that is now law that you think is a
really bad idea. This could be at the local, state, or national
level.
Explain why you think that idea became official policy.
When the temperature ranges between 30 – 37 the fan will turn
ON
Results output:
26.5 c
25.4 c
25.3 c
27.3 c
30.1 c
35.4 c
30.3 c
27.2 c
26.4 c
EE 3331
Laboratory for Electronics I
College of Engineering
2. name
Experiment performed on: August 30, 2018
Report submitted on: September 6, 2018
Table of Contents
Section Title
Page
Table of Contents ii
List of Tables
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Background
1
1.2 Purpose
1
2.0 METHODOLOGY
2
2.1 Equipment
2
4. Number Title
Page
1. Cycles
4
2. Cycles
4
3. X-Y scale
6
4. DMM Error Vs. Frequency
6
LIST OF TABLES
Number Title
Page
1 AC Coupling Values
6
2 DC Coupling Values
6
3 DMM Percentage Error
6
iii
Introduction
Background
5. In D.C. circuits the power delivered to a circuit element is given
by the product of the voltage across the element and the current
through the element. This is also true of the instantaneous
power to a resistor in an A.C. circuit. For many applications the
instantaneous power is of only minimal interest and the average
power delivered over time is of primary interest. This is
particularly true in power systems. In order to have an easy way
of measuring power the effective or rms method of measuring
voltage and current was developed. The effective value is
defined as the value of the equivalent D.C. quantity that would
deliver the same average power to the same resistor. Since
power is given by p(t) = v(t)i(t) = v(t)2/R = i(t)2R, it is
necessary to integrate to find the average value of the power.
For a periodic function the average is found by integrating over
one period and dividing by the period. For D.C. power the
average and the instantaneous values are the same since it is a
constant. Therefore, by setting the equivalent D.C. power for a
periodic function
If v(t) = Vmsin(t) then
Methodology
Equipment
Resistors: 10 KΩ, 15 KΩ.
Capacitor: 0.01 µF.
Oscilloscope.
Digital Multimeter.
Elvis II Breadboard.
Procedure
The student was asked to construct an electric circuit. The
6. students then were asked to set the signal generator at 2 kHz
and 1.8 Vrms, also set the DC power supply to 9 Vdc. The
student was required to connect channel one of the oscilloscope
and channel two to specific nodes in the circuit. The students
were asked to sit the oscilloscope for AC coupling then record
peak to peak and rms voltages of each wave form, and repeat for
DC coupling. The student was asked to determine the phase
shift on an X-Y scale and Y-T scale.
For the second procedure, the student was required to
connect the digital multimeter to the signal generator output.
The students were asked to set the voltage level at 1 Vrms and
multiple frequencies of (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500) kHz, and
note the readings on the oscilloscope and the multimeter. The
student was required to graph the error VS. frequency, and then
compare the error tolerance on the DMM spec sheet with the
results.
-Results & discussions
Procedures each one have different measurement, for the first
one the student started with measuring the values of the resistor
to make sure the values are identical for the give values and
then the student started constricting the circuit by connecting
the nodes 1 and 2 and 3, then we powered the signal generator
to set it up in certain frequency and it connected to node 1 and
set to 2 kHz with 1.8VRMS supping the power generator to 9V
and also was connected to node 3. by connecting CH1 of the
oscilloscope to the nodes then by setting both oscilloscope to
AC coupling and DC coupling to find the measurement.
The rms voltage for the above wave form can be derived as
follows:
7. By connecting CH1 of the oscilloscope to node 1 and CH2 to
node 2 to fine the time scale to display one or two complete
cycles.
Fig.1
At least one complete cycle of a waveform on the screen in
order for the oscilloscope or Wave star to calculate some of the
measurements:
Fig.2
Channel 1
Channel 2
Vp-p
4 V
4 V
1.36
1.36
Table 1: AC Coupling Values
Channel 1
Channel 2
Voltage Min.
8. 40 mV
560 mV
Voltage Max.
368 mV
3.52 V
Table 2: DC Coupling Values
frequency
Oscilloscope
Digital Multimeter
DMM error %
1 kHz
1.0 V
0.98 V
2.00
2 kHz
1.0 V
0.98 V
2.00
5 kHz
1.10 V
0.755 V
31.36
10 kHz
1.07 V
0.434 V
59.43
20 kHz
1.09 V
0.205 V
81.19
50 kHz
1.09 V
0.006 V
99.44
100 kHz
9. 1.09 V
0.001 V
99.90
500 kHz
1.10 V
0.001 V
99.90
Table 3: DMM Percentage Error
Switch back to ac coupling on both channels and set the Scope
to x-y mode and determine the phase shift between the ac
waveforms at node 1 and 2, using the elliptical pattern.
The phase shift on an X-Y scale and Y-T scale:
By comparing the data given the error tolerance was found:
Figure 3: DMM Error Vs. Frequency
-Conclusion
In conclusion, the student was measured the AC and DC voltage
by using the oscilloscope in sufficient frequency rather than a
DMM. The student observed the error tolerance by comparing
the data which makes the student well know leadable using the
instrument.
-References
-Arkansas State University Engineering Course Standards
bulletin
(http://www.astate.edu/college/engineering/files/EngineeringCo
urseStandards2014.pdf)
