2. • Denotation – a sign with a straight forward common meaning. Literally
what is shown in the image.
• Connotation – the extra linked meaning that goes with any sign.
• Indexical Signs – a sign where there is a direct link between the sign and
what it represents. Eg; a photo of smoke could represent
fire.
• Iconic Signs – a sign that is identical or looks like what it represents
• Symbolic Sign – a sign that has no ‘natural’ link to what it
represents, meaning its created by culture.
3. Sign (Signify)
Signify and Signifier, how
society takes in different types of media
and places their own judgements
and opinions on it.
Interpretent
(Audience)
(Signified)
Object
• Diegetic – sounds that are on screen such as dialogue
• Non Diegetic – sounds that are off screen that are used to add
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effect, such as musical effects that can add tension.
Juxtaposition – when you place one sign next to another. E.g. a sign
of a baby makes one think of life, purity, hope. Put the sign next to a
sign of an explosion it changes your original thoughts to life & death
and brutality.
Mise-en-scene – Everything in the frame including set
design, location, costume, actors, makeup, lighting, non-verbal
communication and colour and contrast, designed to look realistic.
Verisimilitude – the ‘believability’ of a media piece.
Realism – characters and narrative are plausible. They help to
convince audiences and provide the effect of reality.
Synergies – Benefits in funding through various media outlets. –
different companies working together to promote products.
4. Research Methods
• Deductive – an idea or theory hypothesis observation.
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Once investigated you can confirm or regret the theory.
Inductive – a big broad question starts off with an
observation, once a pattern is noticed a hypothesis is created
and then you can create a theory.
Primary Evidence (of a magazine) a magazine
Secondary Evidence (of a magazine) an article about
magazines.
Quantitative methods such as survey methods, facts and
figures, data, numbers. Trying to make reasons out of these.
Qualitative involves examining sources themselves. Textual
analysing for example asking ‘why’ someone buys a magazine.
