This document discusses gender inequality in the management sector. It defines gender as a social construct that differentiates females and males and assigns them different roles and expectations. Gender inequality means receiving unequal treatment based solely on gender, with women most commonly facing discrimination in the workplace. Historically, women have played a supportive rather than leadership role in economic value creation. Several studies highlight barriers faced by women entrepreneurs and disparities in pay and career advancement compared to men. However, policies and changing social attitudes are helping to reduce gender gaps in management over time.

1. GENDER INEQUALITY IN
MANAGEMENT SECTOR
Presented by-Shikha,Anam Suraiya &
Tabish kamran

2. Introduction
 Gender has been defined as “ The commonly shared
expectations and norms within a society about
appropriate male and female behavior ,
characteristics and roles. Gender can be considered
a social and cultural construct that differentiate
females from males and thus defines the ways in
which females and males interact with each other.
These roles and expectations are learned and they
can change over time as well as vary within and
between cultures”.
Gupta GR.

3. Gender Inequality
 Gender inequality, which is sometimes called sex
discrimination, means receiving unequal treatment based
solely on gender.
 Women are most commonly the subject of gender inequality
in the workplace. The contribution of women in Management
sector is essential for the success and prosperity of nations
across the world. In spite of many odds, women across the
globe continued to make incredible progress. However the
role of women in economic value creation has not been
recognized universally rather they are playing a supportive
role in economic value creation.

4. Historical perspective of Gender
Inequality
 Babylonian civilization
 Greek civilization
 Roman civilization
 Egyptian civilization
 Pre-Islamic Arab
 Ancient India

5. Gender Inequality in Management Sector
WHY?
 The world historically has been male dominated
 Women were considered just as means to glorify men.
 They were meant to be married off as soon as they attain
maturity
 They were not allowed to work or do job to earn livelihood
Women are traditionally considered by the society as weaker
sex. She is exploited ,degraded , violated and discriminated
both in our homes and in outside world.
The most unfortunate part in our society of gender
inequality is that the women too have accepted their
subordinate position to men and are part and parcel of
the same patriarchal system.

6. Reasons…
 Gender Stratification
 Patriarchy
 Sexism
 Hegemonic Masculinity
 Anticipatory socialization
 Extreme feminism
 Thought Process

7. Types of Gender Inequality In
Management Sector
 Sexual Harassment and Molestations
 Discriminatory hiring practices in favor of men
due to beliefs that women would be less
committed to work after marriage.
 Glass Cliff/Glass Ceiling job
 Stereotypical Mindset while delegating
responsibilities

8. Few Studies related to Gender
Inequality in Commercial Sector
A 2011 study published by
Tarakeswara Rao et al. in
the Journal of Commerce
indicated that almost 50% of the
Indian population consists of
women, yet fewer than 5% of
businesses are owned by
women. In fact, in terms of
entrepreneurship as an
occupation, 7% of total
entrepreneurs in India are
women, while the remaining
Another 2011 study conducted
by Colin Williams and Anjula
Gurtoo, published in
the International Journal of
Gender and
Entrepreneurship describes
women entrepreneurs face
several barriers in the
development of their work due to
different factors, some of these
are like facing gendered
violence due to their more open
presence in society.

9. Few Data relating to Gender
Inequality in Management Sector
 In 2012, an international consulting and management firm
called Booz and Company released "The Third Billion", a
global ranking of the level of economic empowerment
attained by woman on 128 countries. The indicators used
included equal pay for equal work, non-discrimination
policies, the male to-female-male employee ratio, and
equality in terms of female managers and senior business
leaders. India rated quite poorly at spot 115.
 Further, the International Labor Force recently reported that
the rate of female participation in the total labor force in India
has fallen from 37% in 2004-05 to 29% in 2009-10, leaving
India at the 11th lowest spot out of 131 countries.

10.  According to world
economic forum-The
global gender gap
report- “Women earns
62 % of what her male
member earns for
performing the same
work”

11. Women % in
managerial
and
administrativ
e posts is
33% in the
developed
world..
13% in Asia

13.  According to industry
estimates, IT companies in
India employ 20-25%
women while BPOs employ
over 50%
 The flipside is that only 6%
reach senior levels.
 Women today comprise
only 2% of the total
managerial strength in the
Indian corporate sector.

14. Provisions to Remove Gender
Inequality in Management Sector
 The Companies Act,
2013: This act
stipulates that every
publicly listed
company has to
appoint a women
director on its board.
 The Sexual
Harassment of
Women at workplace
(prevention,
prohibition, and
Redressal) Act,
2013:The act also
expanded the
definition of the
workplace to cover
different kinds of work

15. Measures to be taken…
 Defined Sexual Harassment policies,
prevention system, procedures and service
rules.
 Internal Complaints Committee
 Regular Gender Sensitization and Awareness
activities
 National Level Support Organizations
 NGOs

16. But things are changing now…
 Women are matching up men in
every field
 Women have even taken up tasks
which were strictly for men e.g.
pilots, real estates, manufacturing,
top level management
 The gap between the number of
men and women joining
management as a career is
declining.
 A large number of women are
pursuing management education
(e.g. HR )

17. Widescreen Test Pattern (16:9)
Aspect Ratio
Test
(Should appear
circular)
16x9
4x3