6. Figure No.1 Proportion of seats held by women
Philippines South Korea
Proportion of
seats held by 21.4% 14.7%
women
in the national
government
*based on 2010 World Bank data
7. Hypothesis
• Ho: Taking South Korea and the
Philippines as case studies, this paper
argues that industrialization
empowers women to run for a
government position and thus
purporting gender equality.
• H1:Taking South Korea and the
Philippines as case studies, this
paper argues that industrialization
hinders women to run for a
government position and thus
purporting gender inequality.
8. “Performativity cannot be
understood outside of a
process of iterability, a
regularized and constrained
repetition of norms. And this
repetition is not performed by
a subject; this repetition is
what enables a subject and
constitutes the temporal
condition for the subject…”
(Butler 1993, p. 5)
14. Figure No. 2 Number of Korean Women who Run for a Government
Position
*From Madhabi Bhatta’s article in OhmyNews International Korea
(September 25, 2006)
Position Women Men
City Mayor and Provincial 8 124
Governor
District Governor 46 1650
Proportional Representation 272 150
of Municipal and Provincial
Assemblies
Member of Municipal and 214 3,922
Provincial Assembly
24. FOCUS:
1. Factors that hinder or empower
women to run for public office
2. Motivation of students who
want to enter politics
3. Perceived hindrances of
students in running for public
office
4. Correlation of industrialization
and political involvement of
women
25.
26. 7
6
5
4
3
2 Positive
Negative
1
0
Is industrialization How do you think How are women Do you want to
advantageous for industrialization treated in the enter politics in the
your country? affected the stature workplace? future?
of women in your
country?
27. 12
10
8
6 Positive
4
2 Negative
0
Is How do you think How are women Do you want to
Both
industrialization industrialization treated in the enter politics in
Positive and
advantageous for affected the workplace? the future?
Negative
your country? stature of women
in your country?
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. “Industrialization in Korea has brought women in the
workplace where various prongs of discrimination are
rampant. Discrimination in the workplace is reflected in
the government as well.”
34. “Industrialization in Korea discouraged women to join
politics because this social and economic change has
stereotyped women as the weak and the “lesser”
gender.”
http://www.greens.org/s-r/16/16-07.html
35. “The political party system of Korea provides a
significant venue for women to participate in
politics.”
Enables women to be indirectly elected by
the voters
http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20120125
-323840.html
36. “South Korea, a highly industrialized country, can learn
from the experience of the Philippines, a developing
country, in terms of encouraging women to join
politics.
37.
38. Time Day1
8:00-9:00 Registration and Breakfast
9:00-9:15 Opening Remarks
9:15-10:30 Team Building Activity (Self
Introduction)
10:30-12:00 Cultural Presentation
12:00-1:30 Lunch (Boodle Fight)
1:30-6:00 I am Woman: 여자 and Babae
6:00-7:30 Dinner
7:30-9:00 My Dream for my Country
9:00 Sleeping Time
39. Time Day2
6:30 Wake Up Time
6:30-9:00 Bath and Breakfast
9:00-10:30 Lecture from a Korean
Politician
10:30-12:00 Lecture from a Filipino
Politician
12:00-1:30 Lunch
1:30-3:00 Crafting Projects and
Legislative Proposals
3:00-4:30 Presentation of Projects and
Legislative Proposals
5:00 End
Editor's Notes
Park Geun-hye (박근혜; 朴槿惠) is a South Korean politician. She is a member of the Korean National Assembly and was the head of the conservative Grand National Party. She is now in her fourth parliamentary term, having first been elected in 1998. Her father was Park Chung-hee, president of South Korea from 1963 to 1979. She is considered the favorite to be elected to be the next president of South Korea, with a 40% of approval rating in 2009[1] and currently as the most influential politician in Korea.[2]Maria Corazon SumulongCojuangco-Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office in Philippine history. She is best remembered for leading the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppledFerdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She is considered an icon of democracy, and was titled by TIME Magazine in 1986 as its 'Woman of the Year'.
18.5% are proportional reps (300 Legislative Assembly = 244 Single seat constituencies + 56 proportional reps
Based on my preliminary research, my alternative hypothesis seems to have more potential that the other. However, as I gather more data from my survey, interviews and further research, either of my hypothesis might emerge stronger than the other.
“…Korea shows: the highest rate of non-wage employment (self-employment or employment in small family enterprises) for women; the greatest gender gap in wages among paid employees; the greatest monopolization of managerial and administrative jobs by men; and the lowest rate of labor force participation for women of childbearing age among the three societies” (Lee and Chang 2006, 311) “… presence of subtle barriers imposed by men keeps women out of male-dominated jobs” (Stromberg, Larwood and Gutek 1987, 188)
Parcel and Mueller (1983) found that the women in their study were largely employed in three services industries: retail trade, medical and dental services and educational services. Smaller percentages of the women were found in personal services; finance, insurance, and real estate; and government… women have tended to be in the less unionized, lower-paying “peripheral” service industries” (Stromberg, Larwood and Gutek 1987, 188-189).
“Korea today presents incomparably more opportunities to girls and women than it did a generation ago...Korean women are shedding many aspects of second-class citizenship but they remain subject to rigid controls and expectations. Their lives are directed toward the goal of marriage and family, and whatever work or career they pursue takes second place to that" (Clark 2000, 160).According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2011, the Philippines ranked 16 in political empowerment for women while South Korea ranked 90 among all the countries surveyed (World Economic Forum 2011).
To encourage women to consider running for public officeSpeakersTeam Building Activities: Learn from each otherMy research question is important so that I can form the module and invite speakers according to the strengths of Korea and the Philippines.Industrialization/Level of Education
