artificial intelligence

1. Philosophy of AI
Syed noman ali
Lecturer
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2. AI
• Souls are virtual machine implemented in bodies.
• able to interact with people through dialog
• How to train the robot to interact with environment.
• Self driving autonomous virtual machine are built.
• Enables function too see foresight with environment.
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3. Philosophy of AI
Brain just do x but it does not know what x is.
Brain causes the mind or not .
Is brain is working like C.P.U
How machine can think about itself.
A.I is impossible or immoral .
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4. What AI does?
– Knowledge Representation
– Reasoning
– Search
– Cognitive Modeling
– Planning
– Games
– Diagnosis
– Logic Programming
– Probabilistic Reasoning
– Genetic Algorithms
– Machine Learning
– Data Mining
– Natural Language Processing
– Information Retrieval
– Robotics and Perception
– Web Applications
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5. Academic Disciplines
• Philosophy Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical
system, foundations of learning, language,
rationality.
• Mathematics Formal representation and proof, algorithms,
computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability,
probability.
• Economics utility, decision theory, rational economic agents
• Neuroscience neurons as information processing units.
• Psychology/ how do people behave, perceive, process
Cognitive Science information, represent knowledge.
• Computer building fast computers
engineering
• Linguistics knowledge representation, grammar

6. Acting humanly: Turing Test
• Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence":
• "Can machines think?"  "Can machines behave intelligently?"
• Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
• Suggested major components of AI:
- knowledge representation
- reasoning,
- language/image understanding,
- learning
Can you think of a theoretical system that could beat the Turing test
yet you wouldn’t find it very intelligent?

7. Imitation game –Alan Turing
– A pretend to man while B pretend to be honest women
– C is in different room find out A or B during communicates
– C is an interrogator communicate by typewriter
– He provide result that man is replaced by machine
– If input /output behavior is equivalent we have same status of mind
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8. Man is machine –Hobbes
– All creature are nothing more than physical substance.
– All universe is corporeal.
– Everything is because of cause and effect of law of motion.
– He was influenced by Galileo in theory law of motion.
– Life is but a motion of limb.
– All that material is real in human nature.
– Sensation involves a series of mechanical process of operating.
– Human are bound by the rules of nature like machine
programming.
– Human have limit to their mind
– Training of thought is limitation of mental capabilities like animals.
– Speech is the only thing that separate us from an animals.
– True or false are the attribute of machines.
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9. Man is machine
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10. Ghost in machine –Ryle
– Mind as the ghost in machine is false concept.
– Reduced the empire of the mind
– All thoughts are not necessary in the form of languages.
– I can know other mind but not our mind.
– Concept of dualism mind and body is the cause and effect.
– Different sort of cause and effect are from bodily movement.
– Nothing is known about how bodily engine is governed.
– Mind and matter are not same, mind is a part of body.
– virtual machine act according to processing information.
– Brain is machine if intelligence are the result of physical process.
– Emotions are not tool of cognition process.
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11. Ghost in machine
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12. Mind ,Science and Program–
Searle
– Brain causes mind presented in Chinese room thought experiment.
– This experiment is based on intentionality
– Thought in your mind like intention ,dream and plan.
– If we understand the machinery of mind ,A.I develop more.
– Mental states are the implementation of modern programmed.
– But consciousness is different from biological phenomenon.
– Consciousness doesn’t require physical properties of brain.
– Human consciousness build intelligence which is understandable
– Super A.I is not possible.
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13. Mind ,science and program
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14. Questions on technology–
Heidegger
– Techne means art and craftsman to solve something effectively.
– Techne is a tool ,instruments and means to an end.
– If hammer broke ,it does not perform hammering.
– Techne is a human activity to be a master in it.
– Everywhere we chained to tehcnology.
– The essence of technology is not technological.
– The essence of technology is enframing.
– Enframing is destining of revealing
– When we apply technology ,tehcne becomes invisible to its users.
– The being of thing is its application.
– Hence, technology is neautral.
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15. Question on technoogy
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16. Philosophical debates
• Can machine act intelligently?
• Can machine have emotions, consciousness, empathy,
love?
• Input output is same as human being
• Is intelligent being and human being are the same?
• Is morality can built in robots?
• Is human behave as machine
• Is thinking or computing is same?
• Input /output is same as working of consciousness.
• Reason is nothing but reckoning.
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17. Debates
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18. A.I critical questions
• Machines cannot feel emotions
• Machines don’t have Human Quality
• Machines just do what we tell them to do
• Machines are digital; people are analog.
• Machines don't have right to life and freedom of thought.
• Machines don’t become better judge or doctor.
• Machines are better than human then we would replaced.
• Machine don’t have pain and pleasure instincts.
• Machine beat you in all virtual game with intelligent.
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19. Ethical behavior
• We should develop our intelligent systems to behave good
• Robot always provide security and benefit to human.
• If it will follow Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or allow a human being to
come to harm.
2. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where
such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
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20. Super A.I
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21. Intelligent being
• LET SUPPOSE (Strong AI) is built then
• Emotions are just an effect of behavior. E.g weeping when
sadness
• Attitudes of machine is quite silent.
• How does he know what should it does
• Lead materialist life who have only bodily pleasures
• Creativity is recognized as logical disintegration.
• Everything reduced to sound or words pass from the
mouth.
• Thought is just flow of information in biological neurons.
• Morality is judgments through well presented facts.
• Speak any language that they wants to communicate.
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22. AI pre-historical text
• Al-Khwarizmi (780-850) Invented algebra and the algorithm
• George Boole invented propositional logic (1847)
• Karel Capek coined the term “robot” (1921)
• Isaac Asimov wrote (I, Robot (1950) introduced the Laws of Robotics
• John von Neumann: computer architecture (1945)
• Alan Turing: universal machine (1937), Turing test (1950)
• Norbert Wiener founded the field of cybernetics (1940s)
• Marvin Minsky: (1951) AI founder, blocks world, Society of Mind
• John McCarthy invented Lisp (1958) and coined the term AI (1957)
• Allen Newell, Herbert Simon: GPS (1957), AI founders
• Noam Chomsky: analytical approach to language (1950s)
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23. Philosophical text
• Thomas hobbes – leviathan
• Ryle gilbert –the concept of mind
• John searle –mind ,brain and science
• Hiedegger –the questions concerning technology
• Jullien offray- man a machine
• Karl popper- of clouds and clocks
• Nick bostron –ethical issues in advanced A.I
• Margarent boden –the philopshy of A.I
• Raymond smulyan-Is man a machine
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24. To watch concepts of A.I
For public attention
•2001: A Space Odyssey
•Iron man –ultron
•2004:I. Robot
•Transformers
•Almost human –tv series
•Robocop
•Artificial intelligence
•Ex machina
•Forbidden planet
•Terminator
•Star track
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