Full report Final Year Project ( SMART TISSUE DISPENSER)

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SMART TISSUE DISPENSER
NASIRUDDIN BIN ZAMAN HURI
SHARIL BIN SAZALI
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Diploma of Electrical Engineering (Industrial Electronics)
Department of Electrical Engineering and Science
Faculty of Engineering
College Poly-Tech MARA
NOVEMBER 2016

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“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in
terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Diploma of Electrical
Engineering (Industrial Electronics)”
Signature :
Supervisor :
Date :

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“I declare that this report entitled “Smart Tissue Dispenser” is the result of my own group
research except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree
and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.”
Signature :.
Name : Nasiruddin b. Zaman Huri
Date :
Signature :.
Name : Sharil b. Sazali
Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all those who was helped me to made
my thesis possible. Thank you for all the assistance that Sir Aizat and to my supervisor
Madam Hasmizar that has help me in proofreading my thesis. Your commentary and
ideas helped a lot in improving my overall work. To my thesis chair and supervisor,
Madam Hasmizar, your guidance during my thesis and beyond has been invaluable.
Thank you for all the encouraging word, guidance and your patience with me throughout
this entire process. To my committee member Mohd pazli and Amiruddin, thank you for
your assistance throughout the process. And mom and dad, I could not have done this
without both of you. Thank you for being my distressed, my assistant and my forensic
accountant. To all of my friends, teachers and family, thank you for everything you have
done for me over these past three years at College Poly – Tech MARA.
Thanks to all of you, May ALLAH bless.

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ABSTRACT
SMART TISSUE DISPENSER is a project that fix the problem that exist in
environment such as wasting tissue in the toilet, restaurant and other that related in this
project. The objective of this project is to control the rolling of the tissue whether it
dispense in or out of the tissue box. This project present a simple tissue dispenser based
on sensor and motor. The sensor will detect the hand and the tissue will go downward
while the motor rotating the tissue with the minimum of speed. The motor will stop after
it rotate for 2 seconds. If there have a waste tissue, the user can press the button to reverse
to motor so the tissue will go upward. However, the red led will on when the tissue is
empty. Besides that, the green led will operate when the tissue not empty and show that
the ‘SMART TISSUE DISPENSER’ can useful for now. This is how the smart tissue
dispenser operate.

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ABSTRAK
‘SMART TISSUE DISPENSER’ adalah projek dimana ia boleh membaiki masalah
yang wujud di sekliling seperti pembaziran tisu di tandas, restoran dan yang berkaitan
dengannya. Tujuan projek ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengawal pengeluaran tisu sama
ada tisu keluar atau masuk ke dalam kotak tisu. Projek ini dihasilkan dengan mudah yang
berdasarkan alat pengesan dan motor. Alat pengesan itu akan mengesan tangan dan tisu
akan keluar sekaligus motor berpusing dengan kelajuan minimum. Motor akan berhenti
selepas ia berpusing selama dua saat. Jika tisu yang dikeluarkn berlebihan, pengguna
boleh menggunakan punat tekan untuk menarik semula tisu ke dalam.
Walaubagaimanapun, lampu merah akan menyala apabila tisu habis. Selain itu, lampu
hijau akan menyala apabila tisu masih ada dan menunjukkan ia boleh berfungsi. ini
adalah bagaimana ‘SMART TISSUE DISPENSER’ berfungsi.
‘

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii-ix
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF APPENDICES xii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background Of The Project 1
1.2 Scope Of The Project 1
1.3 Objective Of The Project 2
1.4 Statement Of Problem 2
1.5 Scope Of The Report 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.0 Resistor 330 Ohm 3
2.1 Dc Motor 12v 4
2.2 Infrared Sensor (IR) 5
2.3 Pushbutton 6-7
2.4 Proteus Software 8-9
2.5 Arduino Software 10
2.5.1 Sketchbook 10

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2.5.2 Uploading 11-12
2.5.3 Third-Party Hardware 12
2.5.4 Serial Monitor 12
2.5.5 Preferences 12
3 METHODOLOGY 13
3.1 Approach Or Method 13
3.2 Block Diagram 14
3.3 Branching And Control Of Flow Chart Symbol 15
3.3.1 Flow Chart 16-17
3.4 Procedure 17
3.4.1 Planning 17
3.4.1.1 Data Collection 17
3.4.1.2 Hardware And Software Requirement 18
3.4.2 Implement 20
3.4.2.1 Testing And Troubleshooting 20
3.4.3 Analysis 21
3.4.3.1 Analyzed The Circuit 21
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 22
4.1 Measuring Length of the Sensitivity Sensor 23
4.1.1 Measuring Length of the Sensitivity 23
Sensor of the Project
4.1.2 Measuring Maximum Length of the 24
Sensitivity Sensor of the Project
4.2 Measuring Length of the Tissue 23
4.2.1 Tissue Dispense Out 26
4.2.2 Tissue Dispense In 27

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5 CONCLUSION AND DEVELOPMENT 28
5.1 Conclusion 28
5.2 Future Development And Recommendation 28
REFERENCES 29

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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE
3.1 Branching And Control Of Flow Chart Symbol 15
3.2 List Of Components 18
3.3 Input And Output Voltage 21
4.1 Measuring Length Of The Sensitivity Sensor 22
4.2 The Length Of The Tissue 23

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE
2.1 Resistor 3
2.2 Motor 4
2.3 Infrared Sensor 5
2.4 Pushbutton 6
2.5 Proteus Software 8
3.1 SLDC Phase 13
3.2 Step of Methodology 13
3.3 Block Diagram of project 14
3.4 Flow Chart diagram 16
3.5 ISIS Proteus simulation 19
3.7 Schematic Diagram 20
4.1 Led On 23
4.2 Measure the Sensitivity in (cm) 23
4.3 Led On 24
4.4 Measure the Sensitivity in (cm) 24
4.5 To Measure the Tissue 26
4.6 The Length Of The Tissue 26
4.7 Measure The Tissue Dispense In 27
4.8 Shows The Result Of The Tissue 27

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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
1 Circuit 30
2 Coding 31-34
3 Gant Chart 35
4 Slideshow 36-39

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
The design of the SMART TISSUE DISPENSER is an engineering solution to fix the
problems that exist with typical tissue dispenser, while adding convenience with the
automated features.
This project proposed to tackle the following issues with the typical tissue dispenser
such as it a waste time and require more effort due to lack of storage for rolls, to avoided
wet tissue from wet hand, create both cost and environmental problems due to wasted
toilet paper and are not well constructed or structurally durable. This project will solve
these problems by creating a smart tissue that has a built-in no-touch sensor .With
additional paper storage, a warning mechanism when you are short on paper , and an
aesthetically pleasing and user-friendly.
This design will require technology and design. This project will be using ISIS to
create a circuit and the Arduino to create a coding based on the propose of this project.
Using ISIS, it will be able to create the mechanics, which it will include sensor, a motor, a
battery and led. Beside that this project function when the sensor was detected and the
motor will roll the tissue. When the tissue stop roiling, the tissue will cut by the user.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
In this world of modern technology, all applications is been upgrade to make easy
and fast for people. Smart Tissue Dispenser is a very alternative and a way to save money
and cost by using a little amount of tissue. Smart tissue paper also good to apply in Rest
& Relaxation (R&R) toilets, mall, home and restaurant. It is very useful to apply in those
place because those place is very busy and by using smart tissue dispenser it can save cost
for using too much tissue paper.

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1.3 OJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The smart tissue dispenser is designed to control the length of the sensor with the
user to use and produce warning mechanism when you are short of tissue paper. The
objectives are also including to save money and cost.
1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Nowadays, there are many wasting tissue and broken because it dispose to water
that are done by user at certain area such as at toilet, RnR and restaurant. This project is to
solve the problem and design standard SMART TISSUE DISPENSER that leaves the
toilet paper roll exposed to the air so that the toilet paper can and will be touched by any
previous user in home.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE REPORT
There are five chapters consisted in this project report. First of all, Chapter One is
about the project background, scope of the project and the aim of the project. Besides,
problem statement and limitation of this project are also included. All of these are
explained briefly in this chapter.
Chapter Two consist of theory about Smart Toilet Tissue. In this chapter, all
components that was used are briefly explained one by one.
Methodology of the project will be explained in Chapter Three. Block diagram,
flowchart and schematic diagram of the project will be included.
In Chapter Four, the results of the project are covered. All of the results and
discussions that were obtained are shown in this chapter. The testing and troubleshooting
while conducting this project are also included.
Lastly, Chapter Five comprised of conclusion and the future development of the
Smart Toilet Tissue. There is also a few attachment comes together with this chapter for
references purpose.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 RESISTOR 330 OHM
Figure 2.1 Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors may be used to reduce
current flow, and, at the same time, may act to lower voltage levels within circuits. In
electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal
levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses. High-
power resistors, that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as
part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating
voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or
chemical activity.
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and
are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete components can be
composed of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also implemented
within integrated circuits.
The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance. The common
commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of
magnitude. The nominal value of the resistance falls within the manufacturing tolerance,
indicated on the component. In this project, the resistor is use to flow the current to the
pushbutton, sensor, led and other.

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2.1 DC MOTOR 12V
Figure 2.2 Motor
A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal
mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor
directly produces force and motion in a straight line.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled
over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of
current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for
portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric
vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many
applications. The function of dc motor in this project is to roll the tissue upward and
downward.

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2.2 INFRARED SENSOR (IR)
Figure 2.3 Infrared Sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and or detects infrared
radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure
the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors only
measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are known as passive infrared
(PIR) sensors.
All objects emit some form of thermal radiation, usually in the infrared
spectrum. This radiation is invisible to our eyes, but can be detected by an infrared sensor
that accepts and interprets it. In a typical infrared sensor like a motion detector, radiation
enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at the center of the device. This part may be
composed of more than one individual sensor, each of them being made from pyro
electric materials, whether natural or artificial. These are materials that generate an
electrical voltage when heated or cooled.
These pyro electric materials are integrated into a small circuit board. They are wired
in such a way so that when the sensor detects an increase in the heat of a small part of its
field of view, it will trigger the motion detector's alarm. It is very common for an infrared
sensor to be integrated into motion detectors like those used as part of a residential or
commercial security system.
Most motion detectors are fitted with a special type of lens, called a Fresnel lens, on
the sensor face. A set of these lenses on a motion detector can focus light from many
directions, giving the sensor a view of the whole area. Instead of Fresnel lenses, some
motion detectors are fitted with small parabolic mirrors which serve the same purpose.
In this project, infrared sensor is use to detect hand.

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2.3 PUSHBUTTON
Figure 2.4 Pushbutton
A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a
simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons
are typically made out of hard
material, usually plastic or metal. The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate
the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed or pushed. Buttons are most often
biased switches, though even many un-biased buttons (due to their physical nature)
require a spring to return to their un-pushed state. Different people use different terms for
the "pushing" of the button, such as press, depress, mash, hit, and punch.
The "push-button" has been utilized in calculators, push-button telephones, kitchen
appliances, and various other mechanical and electronic devices, home and commercial.
In industrial and commercial applications, push buttons can be connected together by a
mechanical linkage so that the act of pushing one button causes the other button to be
released. In this way, a stop button can "force" a start button to be released. This method
of linkage is used in simple manual operations in which the machine or process have no
electrical circuits for control.
Pushbuttons are often color-coded to associate them with their function so that the
operator will not push the wrong button in error. Commonly used colors are red for
stopping the machine or process and green for starting the machine or process.
Red pushbuttons can also have large heads (called mushroom heads) for easy
operation and to facilitate the stopping of a machine. These pushbuttons are
called emergency stop buttons and are mandated by the electrical code in many

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jurisdictions for increased safety. This large mushroom shape can also be found in buttons
for use with operators who need to wear gloves for their work and could not actuate a
regular flush-mounted push button. As an aid for operators and users in industrial or
commercial applications, a pilot light is commonly added to draw the attention of the user
and to provide feedback if the button is pushed. Typically this light is included into the
center of the pushbutton and a lens replaces the pushbutton hard center disk. The source
of the energy to illuminate the light is not directly tied to the contacts on the back of the
pushbutton but to the action the pushbutton controls. In this way a start button when
pushed will cause the process or machine operation to be started and a secondary contact
designed into the operation or process will close to turn on the pilot light and signify the
action of pushing the button caused the resultant process or action to start.
In popular culture, the phrase "the button" (sometimes capitalized) refers to a (usually
fictional) button that a military or government leader could press to launch nuclear
weapons. In this project, pushbutton use as to switch the motor reverse and as reset button

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2.4 PROTEUS SOFTWARE
Figure 2.5 Proteus Software
The Proteus Design Suite is an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool including
schematic capture, simulation and PCB Layout modules. It is developed in Yorkshire,
England by Lab center Electronics Ltd with offices in North America and several
overseas sales channels. The software runs on the Windows operating system and is
available in English, French, Spanish and Chinese languages.
The first version of what is now the Proteus Design Suite was called PC-B and was
written by the company chairman, John Jameson, for DOS in 1988. Schematic Capture
support followed in 1990, with a port to the Windows environment shortly thereafter.
Mixed mode SPICE Simulation was first integrated into Proteus in 1996 and
microcontroller simulation then arrived in Proteus in 1998. Shape based auto routing was
added in 2002 and 2006 saw another major product update with 3D Board Visualization.
More recently, a dedicated IDE for simulation was added in 2011 and MCAD
import/export was included in 2015. Feature led product releases are typically biannual,
while maintenance based service packs are released as required.
The Proteus Design Suite is a Windows application for schematic capture, simulation,
and PCB layout design. It can be purchased in many configurations, depending on the
size of designs being produced and the requirements for microcontroller simulation. All
PCB Design products include an auto router and basic mixed mode SPICE simulation
capabilities.

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Schematic capture in the Proteus Design Suite is used for both the simulation of
designs and as the design phase of a PCB layout project. It is therefore a core component
and is included with all product configurations.
The micro-controller simulation in Proteus works by applying either a hex file or a
debug file to the microcontroller part on the schematic. It is then co-simulated along with
any analog and digital electronics connected to it. This enables it's used in a broad
spectrum of project prototyping in areas such as motor control, temperature control and
user interface design. It also finds use in the general hobbyist community and, since no
hardware is required, is convenient to use as a training or teaching tool.

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2.5 ARDUINO SOFTWARE
Figure 2.6 Arduino Software
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment or Arduino Software (IDE)
contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with
buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and
Genuino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches
are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension. The editor has features
for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback
while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by
the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other information.
The bottom right hand corner of the window displays the configured board and serial port.
The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open, and save
sketches, and open the serial monitor.
2.5.1 SKETCHBOOK
The Arduino Software (IDE) uses the concept of a sketchbook, a standard place to
store your programs (or sketches). The sketches in your sketchbook can be opened from
the File > Sketchbook menu or from the Open button on the toolbar. The first time you
run the Arduino software, it will automatically create a directory for your sketchbook.
You can view or change the location of the sketchbook location from with
the Preferences dialog.

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2.5.2 UPLOADING
Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from the Tools >
Board and Tools > Port menus. Theboards are described below. On the Mac, the serial
port is probably something like /dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for an Uno or Mega2560 or
Leonardo) or /dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB board),
or/dev/tty.USA19QW1b1P1.1 (for a serial board connected with a Keyspan USB-to-
Serial adapter). On Windows, it's probably COM1 or COM2 (for a serial board)
or COM4, COM5, COM7, or higher (for a USB board) - to find out, you look for USB
serial device in the ports section of the Windows Device Manager. On Linux, it should
be /dev/ttyACMx, /dev/ttyUSBx or similar. Once you've selected the correct serial port
and board, press the upload button in the toolbar or select the Upload item from
the Sketch menu. Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the upload.
With older boards (pre-Diecimila) that lack auto-reset, you'll need to press the reset
button on the board just before starting the upload. On most boards, you'll see the RX and
TX LEDs blink as the sketch is uploaded. The Arduino Software (IDE) will display a
message when the upload is complete, or show an error.
When you upload a sketch, you're using the Arduino bootloader, a small program that
has been loaded on to the microcontroller on your board. It allows you to upload code
without using any additional hardware. The boot loader is active for a few seconds when
the board resets; then it starts whichever sketch was most recently uploaded to the
microcontroller. The boot loader will blink the on-board (pin 13) LED when it starts (i.e.
when the board resets).
Libraries provide extra functionality for use in sketches, e.g. working with hardware or
manipulating data. To use a library in a sketch, select it from the Sketch > Import
Library menu. This will insert one or more #include statements at the top of the sketch
and compile the library with your sketch. Because libraries are uploaded to the board with
your sketch, they increase the amount of space it takes up. If a sketch no longer needs a
library, simply delete its #includestatements from the top of your code.
There is a list of libraries in the reference. Some libraries are included with the
Arduino software. Others can be downloaded from a variety of sources or through the
Library Manager. Starting with version 1.0.5 of the IDE, you do can import a library from

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a zip file and use it in an open sketch. See these instructions for installing a third-party
library.
2.5.3 THIRD-PARTY HARDWARE
Support for third-party hardware can be added to the hardware directory of your
sketchbook directory. Platforms installed there may include board definitions (which
appear in the board menu), core libraries, boot loaders, and programmer definitions. To
install, create the hardware directory, then unzip the third-party platform into its own sub-
directory. (Don't use "arduino" as the sub-directory name or you'll override the built-in
Arduino platform.) To uninstall, simply delete its directory.
2.5.4 SERIAL MONITOR
Displays serial data being sent from the Arduino or Genuino board (USB or serial
board). To send data to the board, enter text and click on the "send" button or press enter.
Choose the baud rate from the drop-down that matches the rate passed to Serial. Begin in
your sketch. Note that on Windows, Mac or Linux, the Arduino or Genuino board will
reset (rerun your sketch execution to the beginning) when you connect with the serial
monitor.
2.5.6 PREFERENCES
Some preferences can be set in the preferences dialog (found under
the Arduino menu on the Mac, or File on Windows and Linux). The rest can be found in
the preferences file, whose location is shown in the preference dialog.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 APPROACH OR METHOD
In this chapter, we will cover the details explanation of methodology that is being
used to make this project complete and working well. In this chapter also is use to achieve
the objective of the project that will accomplish a perfect result. In order to evaluate this
project, the methodology is referring to System Development Life Cycle (SDLC),
generally three major step, which is planning, implement and analysis.
Figure 3.1 : SLDC Phase
This final year project used four major steps to implement project starting from
planning, analysis, design and implement.
Figure 3.2 : Step of Methodology
Planning DesignAnalysis
MaintenanceImplementation
Planning
Analysis
Hardware and software
requirement
requiremen
Analyze the circuit
Data Collection
Implement Testing and troubleshoot

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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 3.3 : Block Diagram of project
From the block diagram above, the power supply is used to ON the project. The
project will be operate when the infrared sensor is detect a hand and the infrared sensor
will send a digital input to the Arduino. As a brain for this project, Arduino will send an
electrical signal to relay to move the motor FORWARD. Next, the motor will turn
REVERSE if the push button is pressed. The green LED will turn ON when the tissue is
load meanwhile the red LED will turn ON if the tissue is empty.
POWER
SUPPLY
LED
GREEN/RED MOTOR
ARDUINOINFRARED
SENSOR/ PUSH
BUTTON

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3.3 BRANCHING AND CONTROL OF FLOW CHART SYMBOL
Table 3.1 Branching And Control Of Flow Chart Symbol
SYMBOL SYMBOL NAME SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Terminator
(Terminal Point)
START and END symbol,
usually containing the word
“Start” and “End” or another
phrases signalling the start or
end of a process.
Process Use it to represent an event
which is controlled the
process. Usually this will be a
step or action which is taken.
In most flowchart this will be
the most frequently used
symbol.
Decision Use to represent a decision
point in the process. Usually
the symbol will required a
“YES” or “NO” response and
branch to a different parts of
the flowchart accordingly.
Flow line
(Arrow, connector)
Showing what is called “flow
of control” in computer
science. An arrow coming
from one symbol and end to
another symbol represents
that the control passes to the
arrow points to.

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3.3.1 Flow Chart
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
Figure 3.4 : Flow Chart diagram
START
TISSUE
OUT ?
RED LIGHT
REPLACE
TISSUE
END
TISSUE
DISPENSE OUT
PRESS
PUSHBUTTON
TISSUE
DISPENSE IN
OVERLOAD
TISSUE ?
GREEN LIGHT

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From the flow chart that shown figure 3.4, the user must switch on the power
supply to apply or start the project. Then, if the tissue were out and green, the tissue will
overload and dispense out. If the tissue overflow, the tissue will dispense in by pressing
the pushbutton. However, if the tissue cannot out and LED RED on, it mean the tissue
was empty and must be replace it.
3.4 PROCEDURE
3.4.1 PLANNING
3.4.1.1 DATA COLLECTION
To identify all the information and requirement such as hardware and software.
Planning must be done in the proper manner. The planning must be done in the proper
manner. The planning phase have two elements such as data collection and the
requirements of hardware and software.
Data collection is a stage in any area of study. At this stage, we had planned about
the projects resources and requirements, observation from surroundings and get more
information in this study. All the materials are collected from notes and Internet.
Within the data collection period, I have found the study about the Smart Tissue
Dispenser in Internet and do some research about the project related. Once I got the
project manual, I tried to find out the electronics components and some other materials
and some of equipment to be used.
While planning, I have done the research about the project related, which
including the study about components such as infrared sensor, Arduino, DC motor and IC
L293D.The study is not just for function of component but the types of input, coding and
each of the component related each other.

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3.4.1.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
i) Hardware requirement
Table 3.2 : List of components
Components Quantity
Arduino Uno R3 1
Resistor (330 Ω) 3
LED (GREEN) 1
LED (RED) 1
Pushbutton 1
Infrared Sensor 1
IC L293D 1
DC Motor 1
ii) Software requirement
For software requirement, I have choose ISIS Proteus simulation and Arduino
Software. ISIS Proteus simulation is a software tool that can design a schematic diagram
and make a simulation of the circuit. It is easy to use this program because I can design
my own circuit first to make sure the circuit is completed and the project is done. The
simulation is not completed until I program the Arduino with the suitable coding in the
Arduino.
Next, I had to find a suitable coding to program my Arduino as the brain of the
project. So, I decided to use the Arduino software to insert code programming into
Arduino. After I had done compiling the coding without an error, I can use the ISIS
Proteus simulation to see how the circuit is work and completed.

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Figure 3.5 : ISIS Proteus simulation
Figure 3.6 Arduino Software

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3.4.2 IMPLEMENT
3.4.2.1 TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING
The procedure of testing is beginning by assemble all components on breadboard.
The circuit is assemble by referring to the schematic diagram below. Transfer the code
programming from Arduino software into Arduino Uno R3. After I had done transfer, the
Arduino
is ready to control all the components. Before switch on the power supply, make sure all
components is install at the right place and right pin. Use multimeter to check all the
connection to avoid short circuit and components to be destroy. Then, switch on the
power supply to test the circuit.
Figure 3.7 Schematic Diagram

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3.4.3 ANALYSIS
The analysis stage is the final stage in this methodology where the two points will
be done. The analysis is based on the performance of the circuit related where the output
must be performed well and successful and the second is identifying the conclusion.
3.4.3.1 ANALYZED THE CIRCUIT
The circuit of Smart Tissue Dispenser is a combination of an Arduino and IC
L293D, where in the working of Arduino will perform the good result of the motor to run
very well with the fixed speed. In this Smart Tissue Dispenser, I have defined each of the
important components input and output voltage, which stated below:
Table 3.3 Input And Output Voltage
Component Input Voltage (Vi) Output Voltage(Vo)
Arduino Uno R3 12 5
IC L293D 5 5
DC motor 12 12
In this project, the input voltage of the Arduino is get from the power supply. The
power supply is transmit 12V to the input of the Arduino. Then, the output voltage of the
Arduino is 5V. It is because Arduino will give the output to some small components such
as LED, resistor, IC and etc. to avoid the components to destroy.
IC L293D is received the 5V input voltage from the Arduino and the output
voltage is also 5V. It is because ICL293D is very sensitive to the high voltage and can
make it to destroy. Next, it will send the output to the DC motor.
DC motor will not running because the input voltage for the motor is insufficient.
Then, it have to use 12V battery to running the motor. To avoid the high cost from using
the 12V battery, we are taking input Voltage(Vi) in the Arduino to supply voltage for the
motor. By not using the 12V battery, the Smart Tissue Dispenser will run directly without
having loss of voltage. It is also help the user to not change the battery every time.

22
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Measuring Length of the Sensitivity Sensor
This chapter will focusing about how much the length of tissue that roll out and roll
in. In this case, a ruler was using to measure the length of the sensitivity sensor. The
Table 4.1 in below shown the result of measuring length of the sensitivity sensor.
Table 4.1 measuring length of the sensitivity sensor
In the Table 4.1, the sensitivity of the sensor was measure by hand using ruler in
centimeter (cm). This maximum of the sensitivity is only 6 cm. The sensor will detect 6
cm and below of it only. It will no longer detect if it 6.1 cm and above. This is because,
the sensor was set only 6cm of the sensitivity of it. The more the sensitivity, the more
length it will detect the hand. The motor will rotate 2 second after the sensor detect the
hand. This is because we only set 9cm only of sensitivity to detect hand only and not to
detect the other people that walk in front of the sensor. If this happen, it will be useless
and the tissue will be more wasting.
Length (cm) Detect Not detect
0 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 X
8 X
9 X
10 X
11 X

23
4.1.1 Measuring Length of the Sensitivity Sensor of the project
Figure 4.1 Led ON
In the Figure 4.1 that was shown above, the LED on sensor will ‘ON’ when it detect
the hand under and approximately 6cm in front of the sensor. It will not detect if the
length of the hand in front of the sensor is above 6 cm.
Figure 4.2 Measure the sensitivity in (cm)
In the Figure 4.2 that shown above, the sensitivity of the sensor was measured by ruler
with hand. The sensitivity of this project was set on 6 cm and below of it. In this figure,
the finger was put on the ruler to know the length of the sensor was detect.
Led on sensor was
ON when it detect
hand

24
4.1.2 Measuring Maximum Length of the Sensitivity Sensor of the project
Figure 4.3 Led ON
In the Figure 4.3 that was shown above, the sensitivity was adjust to the maximum of
the sensitivity. In this figure, the Led on the sensor will ON when it detect the hand.
Figure 4.4 Measure the sensitivity in (cm)
In this figure 4.4, 12.5 cm is the maximum length of the sensitivity that was measure
by ruler that detect the hand. If the sensitivity was 12.5cm, the tissue will running out
quickly. This is because, it very sensitivity to human body that through in front of the
sensor.
Led on sensor was
ON when it detect
hand

25
4.2 Measuring Length of the tissue
In this chapter will it focusing about how long the length of the tissue that roll out
and roll in. In this case, a ruler was used to measure the length of the tissue. The Table 4.2
below shown the result.
The table 4.2 the length of the tissue
In the Table 4.2, the tissue have been tested five time to know the length of the
tissue. Every time the tissue forward (roll out), the length was different from the
other. This is because, the rolling of the motor are not accurate. The motor depends
on the heavy of the object. The more the weight of the object, the less of the speed it
rolling. This is because, every time the tissue rolling out, the more light the tissue.
When the tissue rolling till the end of the tissue, the longest length it will be. The
length of the tissue was related with the heavy of the roll tissue. The motor was set
2 second to roll out.
However, every time the sensor detect the hand, the length of the rolling out will
change every time it function. The maximum length of the tissue rolling out are
40cm to 50cm for the beginner. It will be more than 50 cm if the tissue have roll
50% of the roll.
Meanwhile, when the tissue were rolling in, the length of every time tissue
rolling in was different with the other. The factor of this happened was the motor of
the tissue rolling in were gain the weight than before. The more the gain weight of
the tissue roll in, the less the length. The motor was set 2 second to rolling in and
out. The manipulated variable that change was the length of the tissue. So, every
time tissue was roll in, the more the weight of the tissue and the lowest the speed
motor .
length(cm)
no. forward reverse
1 40.5 40.1
2 42.5 42.1
3 43.6 43
4 43.2 42.9
5 44.3 43.8

26
4.2.1 Tissue Dispense out
Figure 4.5 To measure the tissue
In the Figure 4.5, it shows how to measure the length of the tissue when the tissue
roll out (forward). The pen was use to mark at the point before the tissue dispense out.
After mark the tissue, the hand was wave to the tissue to roll out.
Figure 4.6 the length of the tissue
in the figure 4.6, t shows the length of the tissue that was dispense out. It length was
40.5 cm at fisrt. It not the fix value. It will change 40cm until 50cm. The length of the
tissue cannot be predict because it length change every time it dipense out. It due to
decrease of the tissue when roll out.

27
4.2.2 Tissue Dispense In
Figure 4.7 Measure the Tissue Dispense in
In the Figure 4.7, the tissue was measure by ruler after it was dispense out to much. In
this case, the pushbutton were providr to roll in the tissue . the length of the tissue role in
were different with role out. The tissue was mark with the pen before dispense in.
Figure 4.8 shows the result of the tissue.
In the figure 4.8 shows the tissue after it dispense in. The point on the firts Figure 4.7
show the mark of the tissue. The second Figure 4.7 show the result after it dispense in.
The first result was 40.1 cm and were different with the tissue when it dispense out. The
next result for the tissue was different with the other. This is because everytime it
dispense in , the length of the tissue will different. It due to the tissue increase when it roll
in.

28
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND DEVELOPMENT
5.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the objective of this project has been successfully accomplished
where the project is capable to control the length of the tissue paper to be rolled and
produce warning mechanism when short of tissue paper. Otherwise, it also can rotate
forward and reverse a heavy load such as one roll of tissue paper. There is no doubt that
the Smart Tissue Paper is very useful in daily life. It is also very practical, user-friendly
ergonomic design and easy to use that would suitable to apply in bathroom, restaurant or
home. Next, the Smart Tissue Paper is also cheap that achieve in one of the objectives.
The aim of the project is achieved.
5.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND RECOMMENDATION
There are a lot of improvement and advancement for Smart Tissue Paper.
Unfortunately, due to limited time, this project cannot be developed into a very capable
project. One of the very important future developments that can be seen is the capacity to
hold two tissue paper roles at once. This can be a very useful to the user because
sometimes people forgot to buy another tissue paper to change it for later. If there is a
capacity to hold two tissue paper roles, the user can stand by to change it.
Other than that, the next features that can be add is the countdown for the tissue
paper to be empty. It can be helpful to the user to buy a tissue paper before it finish. This
features can use by counting the tissue paper out per role to make sure the user notice the
tissue paper that available in the roles. It can alert the user by adding LED green, yellow
and red. When the tissue paper role is full, the green LED will light up. Then, the yellow
LED will light on when the tissue paper role is half and red LED when the tissue paper
role is empty.
Lastly, another improvement that can be add is the humidity/water sensor. This
can be useful to save amount of tissue paper. By using this sensor, it can roll out the
suitable amount of tissue paper for a wet hand. This features is suitable for a user that in
rush because the old features is using a Differential UP concept that avoid a kids to waste
the tissue paper.

29
REFERENCE
1. Aizat bin Abd, Department of Electrical Engineering & Science, Engineering
Faculty, “Introduction to Arduino Microcontroller” Short Course Module, KPTM
Kuantan, 2015, pp 1-4 and 10-12.
2. http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=421310.0;topicseen Access On:
29/8/2016 at 8.35 pm.
3. http://www.instructables.com/id/Automatic-Touch-free-Toilet-Paper-Dispenser
Access On: 13/8/2016 at 8.42 pm.
4. http://littlebits.cc/projects/smart-paper-towel-dispenser Access On: 22/8/2016 at
10.16 pm.
5. http://engin1000.pbworks.com/w/page/46706057/Automatic%20Toilet%20Paper
%20Dispenser%20Proposal Access On: 25/8/2016 at 12.05 am.

31
APPENDIX 2
CODING
int pin7 = 8; //pin 7 of L293D is connected to pin 9 Arduino
int pin2 = 9; //pin 2 of L393D is connected to pin 8 Arduino
int motorSpeed = 3; //pin 1 of L293D is connected to pin 3 (pwm pin) of arduino
int sensor = 4; //button sensor is connected to pin 0 Arduino
int reverse = 5; //button reverse is connected to pin 1 Arduino
int empty = 2; //button empty is connected to pin 2 Arduino
int RED = 13; //button RED is connected to pin 13 Arduino
int GREEN = 12; //button GREEN is connected to pin 12 Arduino
int sensor_test;
int reverse_test;
void setup()
{
pinMode(RED,OUTPUT);
pinMode(GREEN,OUTPUT);
pinMode(pin7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor,INPUT);
pinMode(reverse, INPUT);
pinMode(empty, INPUT);
}

32
void loop()
{
int sensor_state = digitalRead(sensor);
int reverse_state = digitalRead(reverse);
int empty_state = digitalRead (empty);
if(empty_state == HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(RED,HIGH);
digitalWrite(GREEN,LOW);
}
else if(sensor_state == HIGH && sensor_test == LOW )
{
analogWrite(motorSpeed,255);
digitalWrite(pin2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(pin7,LOW);
digitalWrite(GREEN,HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(pin2, LOW);
sensor_test = HIGH;

33
}
else if(sensor_state == LOW && sensor_test == HIGH)
{
sensor_test = LOW;
}
else if(reverse_state == HIGH && reverse_test == LOW)
{
analogWrite(motorSpeed,255);
digitalWrite(pin7, HIGH);
delay(2000);
reverse_test = HIGH;
}
else if(reverse_state == LOW && reverse_test == HIGH)
{
reverse_test = LOW;
}

34
else
{
digitalWrite(RED,LOW);
}
}

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