The document discusses database management systems (DBMS). It defines a DBMS as a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access the data about a particular enterprise. A DBMS provides an environment that is convenient and efficient to use. It describes the different abstraction levels in a database from the view level to the logical and physical levels. It also discusses data definition languages to define the database schema and data manipulation languages to query and update data. Some common applications of databases are also listed like banking, airlines, universities, and more.

1. By
Swathi and Swetha

2.  Collection of interrelated data.
 Set of programs to access the data.
 DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise.
 DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and
efficient to use.
 Database management is inbuilt SQL(Structured Query
Language)commands.

3. Abstraction levels of a data
Data languages
Data base design
Database instance and schema
Applications
Outcomes

4. • View level: the highest level of abstraction describes
only path of the database.
• Logical level: the next –higher level of abstraction
describes what data are actually stored in the database,
and what relationship exist among those data.
• Physical level: the lowest level of abstraction
describes how the data are actually stored.

5. ….view1 view2 View n
Logical level
Physical
level

6. The database provides a data definition language to specify
the database schema and a data manipulation language to
express database queries and updates.
• DATA-DEFINITION LANGUAGE
• DATA-MANIPULATION LANGUAGE

7. Data definition language contains a set of commands
which helps to sign new data base ,delete the table
from the database etc.
Ex : create table account(account-number char (10),balance
integer) execution of the above DDL statement create the
account table.

8.  REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS : In this step we decide what data to be
stored and what operation need to be performed.
 CONCEPTUAL DATA BASE DESIGN : In this step we come up with ER
diagram for data base.
 LOGICAL DATA BASE DESIGN : In this step we convert ER diagram in
to data base schema .
 SCHEMA REFINEMENT : ensuring no redundancy using a process
called as normalization.
 PHYSICAL DATA BASE DESIGN : It translates logical data model into
the set of SQL statements that defines that define the database . In
case of relational model it is very easy to translate logical model
into physical database.
 APPLICATION SECURITY DESIGN : security privileges are setup in
this process.

9. • BANKING: for customer information ,account and loans, and
transaction.
• AIRLINE: for reservation and schedule information. Airline
were among the first to use database.
• UNIVERSITIES: for students information, course registration,
and grades.
• CREDITS CARD TRANSACTION: for purchases on credits cards
and generation of monthly statements.
• SALES: for customer product, and purchase information
• HUMAN RESOURCES: for information about employees,
salaries, payroll taxes and benefits, and for generation of
paychecks.

10. • INSTANCE : It is a collection of values stored in data base at
particular movement . The values stored in data base keep
changing over a period of time.
• Schema : it is defined as overall design of the data base

11.  The retrieval of information stored in in the data base
The insertion of new information into the database.
 The deletion of information from the database.
 The modification of information stored in the
database.

12. Understand why data bases are important to modern
organization.
Understand how data base work.
Understand how organizations can maximize their strategic
potential with data base.