Monitoring In Neonates Validation

Monitoring In Neonates Validation
Study 3: Validation of Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Neonates The third study reviewed was
written by Shyang–Yun Pamela K. Shiao and Ching–Nan Ou (2007), and is titled Validation of
Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in Neonates. The objective of this particular study was to validate
whether the clinical monitor was correct in recording oxygen saturations, comparing the results to
blood samples. According to this study, blood was obtained for this research through catheters that
were inserted through the umbilical artery and the umbilical vein to obtain the levels of oxygen in
blood. The neonates used for this study included neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Included in this study were neonates that were born with respiratory distress ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The studies are also similar in that they all are examining oxygen saturation levels in neonates. The
first study and second study both used reusable probes to detect oxygen saturation. The objectives
are dissimilar between the three studies. The objective of the first study was done in order to
determine the ease of implementing pulse oximetry screenings in community hospitals, the second
study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the pulse oximetry screenings, and the third study seeks
to compare and validate oxygen saturation levels that show up on clinical monitors, to blood
samples of the neonates. The procedures done in each of the studies were different: the first study
was done by a pulse oximeter placed on the right hand and a second pulse oximeter placed on either
of the feet. The second study was done only by a single pulse oximeter placed only on either foot.
The third study was done by drawing blood from the neonate and comparing the results of the blood
to what the pulse oximeter said, which was placed on either of the neonates feet. The studies all
differed in the parameters that they used. In the first study, a healthy neonate had an oxygen
saturation greater than 95%, with less than a 3% difference in the saturations detected by the pulse
oximeter on the right hand, and the one on the foot. In the second study, a normal saturation was
considered to be 94% or greater. In the third study, a normal pulse oximeter reading was defined as
being at 95% or greater. The studies differ in the level of education provided for the nursing staff,
also. In study one, there was education and training provided for all nursing staff that worked in
labor and delivery, and on the mother/baby floors. In the second study, there was no education or
training provided, other than on the use of a pulse oximeter. In the third study, no education or
training was noted on performing the procedure,
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Ellen Hughes Finnerty V Board Of Registered Nursing Essay
Ellen Hughes Finnerty v Board of Registered Nursing
Ellen Hughes Finnerty, a registered nurse, was found guilty of negligence and incompetence, and
was consequently disciplined by the Board of Registered Nursing. Accordingly, Finnerty's license
was revoked, and she was placed on a three–year probation. The following timeline gives a detailed
summary of events that led to the conclusion of nursing negligence and incompetence on the part of
Finnerty (NDC Learning House, 2015).
On the early morning of August 17, 2002, James C., a patient in one of the wards under the
supervision of Ellen Hughes Finnerty, RN, went into respiratory depression. Between 3:00 and 4:00
a.m., Ann Mugi, the patient's primary nurse, sought the assistance of a respiratory therapist, Hiran
Obeyesekere, to help her care for the patient. As Obeyesekere suctioned the patient airway, Mugi
called the service of the patient's primary care physician, Dr. Jackson, to report the changes in the
patient's respiratory status, e.g., respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute and low urine output.
Dr. Jackson called back around 4:40 a.m. and ordered supplemental oxygen, blood work, and
diuretic, and to maintain the patient's oxygen saturation reading above 94 percent. Around 5:30 a.m.,
the patient's respiration was still labored with 36–40 breaths per minute. Obeyesekere once again
suctioned the patient that brought the patient's oxygen saturation level at 95 percent. Meanwhile, at
5:30 a.m.,

Stoney Creek Stream Analysis
Stoney creek is a salmon spawning stream located on Burnaby Mountain, British Columbia, Canada
(The City of Burnaby, 2016). However, the site is constantly being threatened by nearby urban
constructions and development (Stoney Creek Environment Committee, n.d.). Thus, organizations
were created to protect, maintain and monitor this important salmon rearing stream (Stoney Creek
Environment Committee, n.d.). A few methods that the organizations utilize to analyse Stoney
Creek, is to survey its habitat conditions and test the water quality and quantity (Taccogna et al.,
1995). This will require the assessment of vegetation availability, flow velocity, volume, discharge,
water chemistry and conditions (Taccogna et al., 1995). Compiling and documenting ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These characteristics involve streambed material, embeddedness, pool habtat percentage, off–
channel habitat, bank stability, bank vegetation percentage, overhead canopy and riparian zone.
Certain points to note is that there is an abundant variety and amount of vegetation (such as conifers
and shrubs) surrounding the creek which provides shade, protection and their roots provide bank
stability (Taccogna et al., 1995). Another point to consider is that undisturbed streams will have little
to no embeddedness (Taccogna et al., 1995). Unfortunately, our results from the 25 streambed
samples suggests 41% embeddedness of gravel and rock, meaning there was some stream
disturbance. Coniferous trees are also present which may increase the streams acidity (Taccogna et
al., 1995). Again, plentiful vegetation also increases bank stability and decrease risks of erosion
which could disturb many sensitive aquatic creatures (Taccogna et al., 1995). For that reason,
destruction on its environmental surroundings should be avoided at all costs. Overall, with a score of
90, the habitat quality of Stoney Creek is in the acceptable

Arterial Oxygen Saturation
It is known that as altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases, as does the partial pressure of
oxygen (Hall Table 44–1). That same table demonstrates that the partial pressures of both oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the alveoli decrease as well. However, the alveolar water vapor pressure
remains unchanged–constant at 47mmHg no matter the altitude (Hall 561). The most deleterious
result of these factors is that less oxygen is being delivered to the tissues. Fortunately for me,
Guyton and Hall says that altitude has a relatively insignificant effect on arterial oxygen saturation
at 9,000ft (Hall Figure 44–1). It is not until 10,000ft that arterial oxygen saturation begins to steeply
decline. The physical affects of acute hypoxia according to Hall are "drowsiness, lassitude, mental
and muscle fatigue, sometimes headache, occasionally nausea, and sometimes euphoria. These
effects progress to a stage of twitchings or seizures above 18,000 feet and end, ... Show more
According to an article in Oxford Journals, one of the first steps in acclimitization is polycythemia.
This increase in red blood cells can be seen within the first two days of ascension. However, the
author is quick to point out that it is nonetheless a slow process and therefore not nearly as vital to
acclimitization as the other factors that come into play, the most crucial of which is the increase
pulmonary ventilation (West). Low oxygen is immediately sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid
and aortic bodies, which then send signals to the respiratory centers of the brain, resulting in an
increase in respiration. In a matter of only days, acclimitization increases our: "pulmonary
ventilation, concentration of red blood cells, lung diffusing capacity, vascularity of tissues, and
ability of cells to use oxygen" (Hall

Potato Osmosis Lab
The results of this experiment supported only part of my hypothesis. My hypothesis was that the
potato in the 0m salt solution would create an isotonic reaction, the potato in the 0.2m salt solution
would create a hypotonic reaction, and the potato in the 0.4m and 0.6m salt solutions would create
hypertonic reactions. Although the results of the experiment say otherwise. In the 0m salt solution
the potato gained mass. The initial mass of the potato piece was 4.79 grams and after it was placed
in the solution the potato piece weighed 5.11 grams. The percentage change in mass was 6.7%. This
result is reflected in the graph at point (0, 6.7). Thus, the concentration is hypotonic because the
potato piece gained water and mass. In the 0.2m salt solution the potato lost mass. ... Show more
The percentage change in mass was –1.5%. This result is reflected in the graph at point (0.2, –1.5)
and shows a decrease in mass. Thus, the concentration is hypertonic. In the 0.4m salt solution the
potato lost mass. The initial mass of the potato piece was 5.62 grams and after it was placed in the
solution the potato piece weighed 5.18 grams. The percentage change in mass was –7.83%. This
result is reflected in the graph at point (0.4, –7.83) and shows a decrease in mass. Thus, the
concentration is hypertonic. In the 0.6m salt solution the potato lost mass. The initial mass of the
potato piece was 9.49 grams and after it was placed in the solution the potato piece weighed 8.91
grams. The percentage change in mass was –6.1%. This result is reflected in the graph at point (0.6,
–6.1) and shows a decrease in mass. Thus, the concentration is hypertonic. An isotonic concentration
can be seen at point (.16, 0), there was no mass change because the exterior solution and the interior
solution of the potato cells have equal amounts of

Case Study: Cari's Story
A. How would an infection in Cari's nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses?
An infection would spread into Cari's sinuses due to the sinuses being a drainage area for the nasal
passage. B. What is the cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari's respiratory system is using to
clear her lungs by coughing?
A cough reflex clears up sputum from the nasal passages and pharynx. In the trachea there are cilia
that move mucus up from the lungs. The mucus causes the cough reflex. C. Which structures found
in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari's lungs from infectious
pathogens and particulate matter?
Inside the terminal bronchioles and alveoli there are macrophages that would protect Cari's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These clinical findings show that Cari's arteries have too much oxygen in them. You can determine
this since the normal Po2 of a resting individual is 40 mmHg. On average, a "normal" oxygen
saturation rate at rest is 94 percent. I. Which of the symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of
oxygen and reduced oxygen exchange at her tissues?
Cari mentions that she "pants like a dog" leading to the determination of lack of oxygen. This
reduces the oxygen exchange in her tissues. J. As Cari's Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen–carrying
capacity of hemoglobin affected?
The hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily, as the Pco2 rises. K. How would you have expected
Cari's decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing?
When your blood pH being alkaline, you experience respiratory alkalosis. The co2 levels drop in
your blood which causes complications. L. How would administration of oxygen enhance Cari's
central drive to breathe?
Due to the mechanical ventilator, it is able to assist in oxygen perfusion to all of her tissue. Thus, the
lungs will be able to expand appropriately. M. Which anatomical structures in Cari's respiratory
system were initially involved?
The initial anatomical structures that were involved were her trachea, throat, and lungs. N. Why was
Cari plagued with a chronic smoker's cough?
Cari was diagnosed with chronic smoker's cough due the fact that the cilia were irritated, however,
they were paralyzed and

Nursing Case Studies on Copd Essay
A REFLECTIVE PIECE ON A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASE. In this reflective piece of writing I will be explaining how chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) affects the patient physically, psychologically ,and socially ,I will also explain how
the disease affects his daily routine and how it impacts on his family life. I will give an overview of
the clinical signs and symptoms, how the disease alters the pathphysiology of the lungs, and what
these changes cause within the body. I will be using the reflective model "What, So What, Now
What " (2007). The patient I have chosen to write about is a seventy year old male who has been
married for nearly fifty years. He has two grown up sons, both married with ... Show more content
This helps him to undertake the most simplistic of daily activities of living. Mr Woods lives at home
with his wife who, due to the impact of this disease on Mr Woods, has now become his main carer.
She helps her husband with his daily activities such as washing, showering and preparing his meals.
He needs help mobilising to the downstairs shower room, and, once there, needs assistance to get
undressed. Whilst in the shower room Mr Woods needs to sit on a shower stool because he cannot
manage to stand for any length of time due to breathlessness. He is also unable to walk upstairs
because he gets short of breath on exertion so he has had a stair lift installed which enables him to
go upstairs to bed. This enables Mr and Mrs Woods to fulfil both the physical and psychological
aspects of their relationship. COPD can affect the psychological wellbeing of the sufferer. Before
Mr Woods condition deteriorated he was able to go out, he used to enjoy going fishing with his sons
and playing with his grandchildren. Because of his condition, Mr Woods is prone to feelings of
inadequacy and depression. He also feels guilty because of his growing dependency on his wife for
the simplest of daily tasks such as making a cup of tea or answering the door. Because of the
growing demands of her husband's worsening condition Mrs Woods now has to depend on other
family members to facilitate her with tasks that Mr Woods can no longer undertake due to his
COPD, and frequent visits to the

In A World Of Technology Why Would The Medical Field Not
In a world of technology why would the medical field not follow suit? It would and does every day
making leaps and bounds of progress to a better healthier you. One way of doing this is called e–
Health technology which encompasses a wide variety of tools, including social media, mobile
technology, and telehealth. With the right technology tools, consumers can be empowered and more
engaged in their own health and health care. An at home health patient monitoring system is one
way of moving what was reactive care in the past to preventive care in the present (McGee, 2012).
The name of one such platform that uses at home health patient monitoring (HHM) is called
TELUS. Their home health monitoring devise is a wireless unit that weighs just ... Show more
By remotely monitoring a patient's condition the physician can alter the treatment as needed by
using their laptop or cellphone. The ability to manage the care of the patient remotely increases the
healthcares team productivity for the entire staff. Allowing for a more output of care and intake of
more patients satisfying the needs of the financial stakeholders. There are no specific target groups
for this devise, however some patients many benefit more than others. Patients who are at home
have reduced anxiety and can heal faster. The hospitals can facilitate a patient's recovery at home
with the use of the home monitoring system. Another group who can benefit greatly from an HHM
devise is the elderly or patients with chronic ailments. These patients in some cases must make
monthly and perhaps weekly visits to see their physicians. The use of the HHM can lessen the
frequency of the visits without jeopardizing the patients' health. Legal and ethical issues will always
run the forefront when dealing in the health and well–being of a patient. The way data is collected
and transmitted in a HHM devise is not in debate, however the possibility of the information being
stolen or hacked can be a legal concern for the physicians and the facilities that they work for. As
well as malfunctions of the devise in regards to potential adverse effects on patient management
decisions through delayed or missing information, misunderstood advice, or inaccurate

Essay On Fasciotomy For Compartment Syndrome
Fasciotomy for Compartment Syndrome
Fasciotomy for compartment syndrome is a surgical procedure that is performed to quickly relieve
pressure around a muscle and restore blood flow to the area. Muscles are surrounded by a thin but
tough layer of tissue (fascia). If your muscles begin to swell inside the fascia, blood flow to the
muscles can be cut off and your muscles may die if the pressure is not relieved. This condition is
called compartment syndrome. Trauma, such as a crushing injury or a complicated broken bone, is
the most common cause. The most common areas to have compartment syndrome are the leg below
the knee and the arm below the elbow.
Fasciotomy for compartment syndrome is usually performed as an urgent procedure. It is important
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Your exact procedure will depend on where your compartment syndrome is located. In general, the
following occurs during this procedure:
An IV tube will be inserted into one of your veins.
You will be given a medicine to make you fall asleep (general anesthetic).
You may be given antibiotics to help prevent infection.
Your surgeon will make one or more cuts (incisions) in the area where the compartment syndrome is
located.
Your incisions may not be closed during surgery. Instead, they may be covered with bandages
(dressings) until the pressure in the area decreases.
AFTER THE PROCEDURE
Your blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood oxygen level will be monitored often until
the medicines you were given have worn off.
You will be given medicine for pain.
You may continue to receive fluids and antibiotics through the IV.
Your incision will be checked and your dressing will be changed regularly.
You will be re–evaluated in the operating room in the next few days. At this time, further treatments
or wound closure will be performed. This may include stitches (sutures) and a procedure to cover an
area of damaged or missing skin with a piece of healthy skin (skin

The Effect Of Closedendotracheal Suctioning Systems On...
1. Inan D, Saba R, Yalcin A, Yilmaz M, Ongut G, Ramazanoglu A and Mamikoglu L.
Deviceassociatednosocomial infection rates in Turkish medical–surgical intensive care units. Infect
ControlHospEpidemiol. 2006 Apr; 27(4): 343–8.
2. Caramez M, Schettino G, Suchodolski K, Nishida T, Harris R, Malhotra A andKacmarek R.
Theimpact of endotracheal suctioning on gas exchange and hemodynamics during lung–
protectiveventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care. 2006 May; 51(5): 497–
502.
3. Taylor C, Lillis C and LeMone P. Fundamentals of nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams
&Wilkins,7th ed.2010
4. Phipps W, Monahan F, Sands J, Marek J and Neighbors M. Medical–surgical nursing: Health
andillness perspectives. St. Louis: MO: Mosby,8thed; 2011.
5. El Masry A, Williams P, Chipman D, Kratohvil J andKacmarek R. The impact of
closedendotracheal suctioning systems on mechanical ventilator performance. Respir Care. 2005
Mar; 50(3):345–53.
6. Kozier B, Erb G, Berman A and Snyder S. Fundamentals of nursing: concepts process and
practice New Jersey: Pearson Prentice,10thed; 2015.
7. Bourgault A, Brown C, Hains S and Parlow J. Effects of endotracheal tube suctioning onarterial
oxygen tension and heart rate variability. Biol Res Nurs. 2006 Apr; 7(4): 268–78.
8. Lee E, Kim S and Kim J. Effects of a closed endotracheal suction system on oxygen
saturation,ventilator–associated pneumonia, and nursing efficacy. TaehanKanhoHakhoe Chi. 2004
Dec; 34(7):1315–25.
9. Ongerden I,

What Is The Change In Mass Of Sucrose Osmosis
Change in mass of potatoes submerged in sucrose solution
Rebekah Schmitz
Introduction: Diffusion explains the passive movement of materials into and out of the cell due to
the presence of a concentration gradient from a high to low concentration across a membrane
(Choinski and Karafit 2015).
In this experiment, we studied the effects of differing concentrations of sucrose solutions on samples
of potato material over time. This experiment focused on the effects of tonic solutions such as
hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell will
shrink due to the water moving from a high concentration to low concentration, but when a cell is
placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell will swell due to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When a hospital prepares an IV saline solution, they have to be careful to use to correct
concentration of sodium chloride. The blood needs to remain isotonic, so the red blood cells do not
shrink or swell. If the solution is simply water, then a concentration gradient is formed and
hemolysis occurs (Osmosis in Red Blood Cells, 2015). Hemolysis is defined as the destruction of
red blood cells which leads to the release of hemoglobin from within the red blood cells into the
blood plasma (Hemolysis). To further test our experiment, one could let the potato samples sit
longer in the sucrose solution to see if time effects the amount of sucrose solution absorbed.
Alternatively, changing other environmental parameters, such as temperature or pH, may have
different effects on the rate of

Effect Of Sucrose Concentration On Potato Osmosis
The data collected from this experiment demonstrates that the potato undergoes a hypotonic change
when exposed to water as well as a hypertonic change when saturated in a sucrose solution.
Throughout the experiment, each piece of potato was introduced to a different concentration of a
sucrose and water solution. The sucrose solution, due to its density, did not enter the potato cells
while the water was easily diffused into the cells through pores in their membranes. Water
undergoes osmosis in situations where there is more solute in one area compared to another. It will
then move towards the area with a higher concentration of solute, in this case the cytoplasm, and
thus leave the area with a lower concentration of solute, the test tube. The goal of osmosis is to find
an equilibrium between the concentrations in both areas. In general, it was possible to determine
which potatoes were hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic based on their appearance. For instance,
those in the highly concentrated sucrose solution were noticed to be smaller in size, more malleable,
and not translucent. These observations show ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, test tube #0 and #4 both had an initial mass of 0.70g. The potato in test tube #0
experienced a 14% change in mass while the potato in test tube #4 merely had an 8.6% change in
mass. This leads to the conclusion that the potatoes with a higher water concentration than sucrose
solution are more hypotonic than those with a higher sucrose solution concentration. Moreover,
according to the graph, when the line of best fit is considered, it is clear that the lowest sucrose
molarity causes hypotonic results, the highest sucrose molarity causes hypertonic results and the
midpoint or isotonic results were discovered to be in test tube #5, the 1:1 ratio of sucrose solution
and

Osmosis Lab Report
If a plant cell is surrounded by a solution with a high concentration of sucrose, then the cell will
decrease in volume and mass. In this experiment, chunks of potato were placed inside 6 different
solutions, each varying in concentration of sucrose. The potato chunk placed in water with 0 molars
of sucrose added began with a volume of 2.025mm3, and increased to a volume of 2.268mm3
overnight. This was an increase in volume by 12%. This potato chunk began with a mass of 2.1
grams and increased to a mass of 2.6 grams, which was a 26% increase in mass. Comparatively, the
potato chunk placed in a solution with 0.4 molars of sucrose began with a volume of 2.187mm3, and
decreased to a volume of 1.456mm3 overnight. This was a decrease in volume by ... Show more
Finally, the potato chunk placed in a solution with 1 molar of sucrose began with a volume of
2.025mm3, and decreased to a volume of 1.078mm3 overnight. This was a decrease in volume by
47%. This potato chunk in this solution began with a mass of 2.1 grams, and decreased to a mass of
1.3 grams, which was a 38% decrease in mass. Although the data presented does not include every
data point collected, the main points shown represent how a plant cell will decrease in mass and
volume when placed in a higher sucrose solution. This decrease of volume and mass is due to the
plant cell being placed into a hypertonic solution. A hypertonic solution is when the solution has, "a
solute concentration lower than the cells." When placed in a hypertonic solution, the water within
the cell crosses the membrane until the solute concentration is evenly distributed in the solution and
within the cell. This causes water to be drawn out of the cell itself so that equilibrium can be reached
between the cell and the solution. The cell will decrease in volume and mass from this removal of
water, which is shown throughout the data presented

My Experience With Stressors, And What I Learned
Earlier in the quarter we were asked to make a list about things that stresses out. I have always
considered myself the type of person that rarely stresses over anything, so it was difficult to write
some down. After keeping track of stressors in my life for 10 days, I realized that I do stress about
issues more than I ever considered. Before this class, stress was not something I took into great
consideration. To my understanding, if you were suffering from stress that meant that you had
serious conditions like insomnia, weight gain, depressions or others things of that nature. This class
has taught me otherwise and now I am more conscious about my interactions with stressors. In this
paper, I will discuss my experience with stressors, how I managed to cope with stressors, and what I
learned as a result of this class so far.
Exploring My Personal Stressors
The reason I could not list life matters that stressed me out when Professor Garfin asked us to was,
because I would only think about the acute stressors. I could only think about the short term stressful
situations, the one where I found an appropriate solution quickly. Because of this, it made me come
to the conclusion that stress had no effect in my life. I did not think about the chronic stressors, or
the stressors that were long term and had no apparent solution. During the 10–day period, I did
experience multiple stressors that were both acute and chronic stressors. Fortunately, I dealt
significantly more with acute

Mother's Role As A Nurse
I shadowed at Holland Hospital on Thursday October 15. I shadowed Dawn Overbeek, an RN in the
Boven Birth Center, Labor & Delivery Unit. It is my nurse job to take care of the women when they
check in leading to their birth. She is responsible for monitoring the patient throughout her hospital
stay; there is another nurse that is responsible for the newborn baby. When I arrived my nurse
informed me that she had a patient who was currently in labor. She brought me into the room and
explained to me the different things she needed to do. It was her responsibility to monitor heart rate
of the patient and the unborn baby, take the patient's blood pressure, document her findings every
fifteen minutes, and to assist the patient in anything to make them more comfortable or contractions
more bearable. Dawn demonstrated her role as a nurse towards the patient in many different ways.
The most obvious role was Dawn being a direct care provider. While I was there I constantly saw
Dawn reassessing her patient, asking if her patient needed anything, and guiding the patient through
child labor. Another role Dawn demonstrated was being a change agent. The patient and her husband
were currently going through a separation in their marriage and the patient was unsure if she wanted
to give the newborn wristband to her husband or her mother. The husband kept pestering his wife
about the wristband while we were in the room and finally Dawn, politely, explained to the husband
that the decision to

Potato Osmosis Lab
The 0.0 M to 0.2 M sucrose solutions remained positive on the graph in figure one, while steadily
approaching 0.00% mass difference. When the concentrations were 0.3 M to 0.5 M sucrose the
percent mass difference became negative, decreasing continuously. As shown in Figure 1, the
control 0.0 M sucrose solution yielded the highest percent mass difference (13.24%). From there,
the percent difference in mass continually decreased in the treatment sucrose solutions; 0.1 M
yielded a 4.76% difference, 0.2 M yielded a 2.08% difference, 0.3 M yielded a –6.56% difference,
0.4 M yielded a –15.63% difference, and 0.5 M yielded a –20% difference. Between the 0.2 M and
0.3 M treatments, the percent difference in mass became negative (the linear trendline ... Show more
Also, the trendline shows that at 0% difference in mass, the molarity of the sucrose solution is just
under 0.2 M; therefore, the iso–osmotic concentration of the potato cells is about 0.2 M. The potato
cells are hypotonic when the percent mass difference is positive, showing a gain in mass, because
the concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell (therefore water rushes into the cell).
In contrast, when the percent mass difference is negative, meaning a loss of mass, the potato cells
are hypertonic because the concentration is lower inside the cell than outside the cell (water rushes
out of the cell). The alternative hypothesis should be supported and the null rejected according to
this experiment because there was a difference in mass from the control to the treatment. The results
of this experiment support the predictions because, as stated previously, the results show that
molarity increases as mass decreases, paralleling the predicted outcome of the experiment. This
experiment's results also aids the understanding of the osmotic process the potato cells undergo in
solutions with varying molar concentrations. On a wider scale, it is a prime example of the
hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic stages cells undergo. A better

An Improved Approach Of Conscious Sedation
An Improved Approach to Conscious Sedation Amy Shapen Western Governors University An
Improved Approach to Conscious Sedation This task will analyze a given patient scenario with a
poor outcome and a root cause analysis will determine the causative factors that led to the event, a
plan for improvement will de proposed, and analysis of the likelihood the improvements will be
successful will be recommended. Patient Summary One afternoon a 67 year–old man presented to
the emergency department of a small, rural hospital complaining of severe left leg and hip pain
following a fall at home. The patient had no past history of falls. He had a history of impaired
glucose intolerance, prostate cancer, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia. The patient's current
medications were atorvastatin and oxycodone for chronic back pain. The patient stated his pain was
ten out of ten on a scale of one to ten with ten being the worst. The left leg appeared shorter than the
right, edema was present in the calf, as was ecchymosis and he had limited range of motion. After an
evaluation in triage by a registered nurse and a subsequent examination by the emergency
department physician, a plan was established to sedate the patient using moderation sedation
protocol and perform a manual reduction of the hip. Root Cause Analysis The patient was sedated
with diazepam and hydromorphone, appeared to be sedated, and a successful reduction took place.
After the procedure, the

Potato Osmosis Lab
Abstract:
The purpose of this experiment was to identify the internal concentration of potato cells when
soaked in solutions with different sucrose concentrations. During this experiment, potato tuber
segments were soaked in solutions containing 0 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, and 0.5 M of
sucrose for one hour. After the allotted time, the potato segments that were soaked in the 0.5 M
solution (the highest concentration) decreased in mass, and the segments soaked in the 0 M solution
(the lowest concentration) increased in mass. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis was supported
because the concentration of sucrose in the solution affected the percent change in mass of the
potato segments.
Introduction:
The membranes of cells, made of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Obtain six potato tuber segments, each approximately 4 cm in length, from your laboratory
instructor.
2. Use a sharp razor blade to remove any potato skin on the ends of the tuber segments. Then cut all
of the segments to equal length (i.e., 4 cm). Place all six segments on a moistened paper towel and
cover them with another moistened paper towel to prevent the tissue from drying out.
3. Remove a segment from the toweling and place it on a dry paper towel. Use the towel to blot the
sides and ends. Quickly slice the segment into thin disks (approximately 2 mm in thickness).
4. Place the disks in an empty beaker/cup and quickly wash off the surface starch with cold tap
water. Briefly swirl the slices in the water and then carefully pour off the water.
5. Place the disks on a dry paper towel, spreading them so they are not touching. Quickly blot off the
surface water.
6. Place an empty weigh boat on the balance and determine mass. Transfer the disks to the weigh
boat and determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 g (minus the weight of the weigh boat). Create a data
table on an NCR sheet like Table 5–2 in your laboratory notebook to record the

Medical Research Experiments
Have you ever wondered how medicine has progressed throughout the centuries? Medicine has gone
from simple herbal remedies to powerful medications for pain and infections. Yet, how is it that
physicians know so much about diseases, infections, the signs and symptoms, and the treatment of
those diseases? In some cases, unethical medical experiments were conducted to figure out how
diseases were transmitted and the symptoms that people would present if they were ill with that
particular disease. This would then lead the physicians to observe how the disease would progress
from beginning to end without any medical interventions, which often involved letting the person
die. Then physicians might intervene with several medical interventions at different stages of the
disease, such as medication, vaccination or surgery–to figure out when the interventions would best
be suited for that particular disease. However, does this justify the actions of the doctors and
researchers who conducted these unethical medical experiments? Many critics argue that these
experiments were not only unethical but also immoral. Yet, unethical medical research has greatly
impacted and contributed to modern medicine today. Due to these experiments several medical
discoveries were made, such as vaccinations, which have allowed our doctors to have more
knowledge on how to identify diseases and how to treat the patients, reducing the mortality rate and
allowing our life expectancy to increase. Although, the

Atelectasis And Lobar Collapse Of Mid And Lower Zones Of R...
Atelectasis and lobar collapse of mid and lower zones of R lung secondary to sputum plug, sputum
retention in R upper zone ? due to chest infection ? due to reduced MCT function due to intubation
exacerbated by smoking status. P on cough. Hyperinflation of L lung ? due to emphysemous
changes in lungs or due to increased compliance of L lung due to high PIP value and increased VT
delivered to this lung. ? renal failure.
The chest x–ray indicates atelectasis and lobar collapse in the lower and the middle zone of the right
lung as increased density can be seen here on the x–ray (Tarrac 2009). Atelectasis is a partial
collapse of the lung due to closure of the alveoli which impairs or completely prevents gas exchange
in the affected area ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sputum is indicated from the coarse crackles heard on auscultation in the right upper zone (Wyka
2002). Given the site of the surgery in the abdomen, transverse surgical incision and the length of
his surgery increases Mr. Wrens risk of post–operative pulmonary complications (PPC) as his
respiratory muscle function will be reduced due to direct injury to the respiratory muscles and
anaesthetic reducing respiratory muscle function making normal breathing and clearance techniques
such as coughing more difficult (Siafakas 1999).
Atelectasis is causing reduced ventilation perfusion (V/Q) as oxygen is not getting into the mid and
lower zone of the right lung to transfer into the blood stream, there is a pulmonary shunt here (Wyka
2002), consequently Mr. Wrens oxygen saturation and PaO2 have dropped despite his positive
inspiratory pressure (PIP) being increased. This is leading to reduced oxygen in the blood returning
to the heart to be pumped around the body, as the body tissues need oxygen to survive it is critical
that Mr. Wrens blood oxygen levels be returned to normal (Hough 2001). Atelectasis is also
preventing CO2 from perfusing from the capillaries into the alveoli to be excreted consequently Mr.
Wrens high PaCO2 (Wyka 2002). His blood pH is also high, this combined with the increased

A. Root Cause Analysis. Healthcare Facilities Accredited
A. Root Cause Analysis
Healthcare facilities accredited by Joint Commission have an obligation to conduct a root cause
analysis (RCA) after a sentinel event Root cause analysis (RCA) is a process that is used to identify
origin of a problem in a system in order to develop corrective action plan. In healthcare sector, root
cause analysis, therefore, is conducted to determine the factors that contributed to a sentinel event.
Root Cause Analysis of the scenario
The subject patient: Mr. B
Age: 67–year
Day: Thursday
Timeline of events
3:30 p.m.: Mr. B. arrives at triage accompanied by his son. Assessment results – B/P 120/80, HR–88
(regular), T–98.6, R–32, weight 175 pounds, pain 10/10, Left leg appears shortened with edema in
the calf, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nurse J places an automatic blood pressure machine on the patient. Nurse J leaves his room and the
patient's son to remain in the room
4:35 p.m.: B/P 110/62, Oxygen saturation is 92%. Nurse J and the LPN on duty receives the
emergency transport patient, and they are also discharging two other patients. ED lobby is congested
with new patients.
4:40 p.m.: Oxygen saturation alarm goes off. Oxygen saturation is 85%. LPN enters patient's room
and resets the alarm and repeats the B/P reading. Nurse J is assessing the respiratory distress patient
and ordering respiratory treatments, Chest X–ray, and labs.
4:43 p.m.: Mr. B's son informs the nurse that the "monitor is alarming." Nurse J enters the room. B/P
is 58/30 and Oxygen saturation is 79%, respiration is 0, no palpable pulse.
A STAT CODE is called. Patient is connected to the cardiac monitor. Heart rhythm is ventricular
fibrillation. CPR is initiated by the RN. Patient is intubated and defibrillated. Reversal agents, IV
fluids, and vasopressors are administered.
5:13 p.m.: heart rhythm is normal sinus, B/P is 110/70, and pulse is palpable. Patient not breathing
on his own and is fully dependent on the ventilator. Pupils are fixed and dilated. No spontaneous
movements and not responding to noxious stimuli. Air transport is called. Patient is transferred to a

tertiary facility for advanced care.
Patient outcome
Day 7: Brain death is confirmed by EEG data. Patient dies after life–support is

Cari's Story Essay
Cari's Story
A.) How could an infection in Cari's nasal passages and pharynx spread into her sinuses? The
infection in Cari's nasal passages and pharynx was able to spread into her sinuses due to the sinuses
being a drainage area for the nasal passages. B.) What is the couch reflex? Describe the process that
Cari's respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing. The cough reflex is used to clear
sputum and irritants that are in the nasal passages and pharynx. There are cilia in her trachea that is
moving mucus up from the lungs. When the mucus becomes abundant, it triggers the cough reflex.
C.) Which structures found in the bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari's lungs from
infectious pathogens and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How do these clinical findings relate to the internal respiration in Cari's body? These findings
conclude that because the P02 is low, the hemoglobin in Cari's blood is only being partially
saturated.
I.) Which of the symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen
exchange at her tissues? Cari's symptom of "panting like a dog", not be able to catch her breath, and
c/o chest pain are due to the lack of oxygen and reduces in oxygen exchange at her tissues.
J.) As Cari's Pco2 and alkaline blood pH rose, how was the oxygen–carrying capacity of hemoglobin
affected? As Pco2 rises, hemoglobin releases O2 more readily. Thus, an increased Pco2 produces a
more acidic environment, which helps release O2 from hemoglobin.
K.) How would you have expected Cari's decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her
breathing? As acidity increases (pH decreases), it enhances the unloading of oxygen from
hemoglobin.
L.) How would administration of oxygen enhance Cari's central drive to breathe?
M.) Which anatomical structures in Cari's respiratory systems were initially involved? Nasal
passages, lungs, and larynx
N.) Why was Cari plagued with a chronic smoker's cough? Because the mucus had thickened

Oxygen Levels Lab
Results During this lab the temperature and Oxygen levels were measured at a multitude of depths.
The temperature at 0 meters was 27.26 °C. The temperature reading was then done at 1 meter below
was 27.2 °C. The Temperature than began to drop constantly until about 10 meters down where the
temperature was at 10.09°C. From this point the temperature dropped less dramatically until settling
on 7 degree range. The lowest Temperature was at the bottom of the lake being 22 meters deep with
a temperature at 7.35°C (figure 1). The oxygen levels demonstrated a slightly different graph than
the temperature. The oxtengen levels started at 11.84 mg/L. This saturation level rose for the next 2
meters peaking at 11.6 mg/L. Within a few meters the oxygen level dropped to 5.1 mg/L at 5 meters
deep, at 6 meters the oxygen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the summer, the lake becomes stratified as the surface becomes unequally heated by sun.
The way this works is by heating the surface by the sun. The wind then moves the surface of the
water to recycle the water. During the summer, the colder dense water falls to the bottom of the lake
and does not become apart of the mixing process. Secondly, the heat from the sun can only go so far
down and penetrate only a select few meters of the lake. The total depth of the lake that can be affect
depends on how clear the lake water is. During the spring and fall, the lake will undergo a period of
turnover where there is equal temperature throughout the lake and the water and nutrients move
more freely when the wind blows across the surface of the lake. This is the result of the cooling or
warming of the water to equal temperature, thereby creating a equal density throughout the lake.
This would mean the associated dissolved oxygen would become less stratified as a result of the
moving of

Introduction:. Homeostasis Is The Process Of Maintaining
Introduction:
Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly constant interval environment. Homeostatic
mechanisms help us to be independent of our external environment. It helps us regulate our body
temperature, pH, concentration of dissolved substance in the body fluids, concentration of glucose in
blood, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids, blood pressure and
concentration of metabolic wastes. Without it, we wouldn't be able to survive and adapt to our
environment.
Homeostasis is vital for us humans. However, homeostasis imbalance can occur when cells in the
body malfunction or experience a deficiency such as malnutrition (results from unhealthy diet) or
when cells are exposed to toxins. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(extra: By drinking caffeine beverages without sugar, our heart rate and oxygen level will increase a
little but stay around the same because the caffeine will boost the heart and flow of oxygen. As for
the caffeine beverages with sugar, the oxygen level and heart rate might increase highly because
sugar is known to make you hyperactive. As for water, both heart rate and oxygen level might stay
at a constant rate because we constantly need water and our 75% of our body is made of water, so it
would be dangerous if change occurred too much, causing constant health problems. )
Variables:
Independent variable: The level of caffeine has been controlled for each beverage.
For coca cola : caffeine for 225 ml : 21,6 mg (+ 22.32g of sugar) /For coca cola 0 : 21.1 caffeine for
220ml (no sugar) / For water: 0 /For instant coffee : around 1,2mg ( 1 table spoon so around 5g )
/For tea: 0.9 mg( 1 table spoon so around 5g )
Dependent variable: The variable that we couldn't control was heart rate and oxygen saturation.
Controlled variables:
 Caffeine tolerance – Some of the people testing had different tolerance to caffeine. For example,
Monisha drink coffee every morning, her body therefore adapted to caffeine and she a higher
tolerance of caffeine. In comparison, Elise, never drink or at very rare occasion caffeinated
beverages which gives her a lower tolerance for caffeine.
 What you

Phototherapy And Bilirubin Monitoring: A Case Study
Part B From the handover received on Max's current condition, the following care plan was
constructed for the upcoming early shift. Phototherapy and Bilirubin Monitoring Max's SBR level of
300mmol/L at 60 hours old requires phototherapy treatment according to the SAPPG hour specific
bilirubin chart (Image 2) (SAMNCN 2010). Following the recommendation of the ISBAR,
phototherapy using a bilibed is to be commenced on the early shift. Seeing as Max is otherwise well,
it is appropriate for him to remain in the open bassinet with correct monitoring whilst receiving
phototherapy treatment via a bilibed (Flinders Women & Children Division 2014; QMNCGP 2012).
Important points to consider when caring for a baby receiving phototherapy treatment include:
ensuring correct skin care – washing with water only, no oils or creams used on exposed skin,
ensuring the neonate is naked aside from a nappy and eye protection pads to maximise skin
exposure to the lights and ensuring adequate hydration by monitoring fluid intake, urine output and
observing stool consistency (RPAHNC 2005; Maisels, J 2006). Max's SBR should be rechecked
according to local protocol but generally 6 hours after phototherapy was commenced to assess the
effectiveness of the phototherapy (QMNCGP 2012). It is vital to ensure phototherapy lights are ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to closely monitor Max's weight gain/loss daily and alter his feeding and treatment
regimes accordingly (QMNCGP 2012). Seeing as Max has been tolerating his increased feeds well,
the recommendation has been to further increase to 120mls/kg/day as he is now day 4 (Flinders
Women & Children Division 2014). This means that each 3 hourly nasogastric tube feed will be
37.5mls (Flinders Women & Children Division

Homeostasis and Pain Management in Multi-System Failure Essay
Homeostasis and Pain Management in Patient with Multisystem Failure
Homeostasis and Pain Management in Patient with Multisystem Failure
A. Assessment of Patient
The assessment of Mrs. Baker should include vital signs including pulse oximetry. Given her
difficulty in breathing, lung sounds should be auscultated. Because she is on two different
medications that could affect blood pressure, lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ),
hypotension could be one cause of her collapsing. In addition to vital signs, decreased peripheral
pulses and capillary refill can also be indicators of hypotension. Also, because HCTZ is a diuretic,
dehydration should be considered. Since she was in her backyard when she collapsed, it could be
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A cardiac monitor is essential in continuous monitoring of the patient, but a 12 lead EKG has the
benefit of being able to better pinpoint the specific areas of the heart that are affected or damaged.
Blood sugar can be obtained from a drop of blood with a glucometer such as One Touch, or it may
be obtained along with the serum chemistry and electrolyte analyses from the lab. A glucometer is a
quick and easy way of determining the blood glucose level. Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, and is on an
antidiabetic drug, Metformin. Her change in mental status could be due to low blood sugar. This
would be easily diagnosed with a glucometer, and easily treated with IV glucose, so it should be one
of the first assessments made. A glucometer has the benefit of being a quicker and easier way to
obtain a blood sugar level, while a serum glucose may be more accurate at extremely high or low
levels. Pulse oximetry can be done with a dedicated pulse oximeter, or it may also be built in to the
capabilities of the cardiac monitor. Since Mrs. Baker is suffering from respiratory difficulty, it is
essential to find out her blood oxygen saturation level.
An arterial blood gas would not only be helpful in giving a more precise measurement of arterial
oxygen and carbon dioxide, it would also give useful information about the pH of her blood and the
bicarbonate level. Pulse oximetry has the benefit of alerting caregivers to acute changes in

Physical Therapy Reflection Paper
For JY, I completed the examination across multiple sessions and incorporated special tests and
measures as his condition improved. For my first encounter with JY in the ICU, he was lying in bed
supine with the head of bed elevated 45 degrees. He had a left PICC line, telemetry wires, a urinary
catheter, and a nasal cannula. For the initial examination, Day 1 in the ICU, I used clinical judgment
and considered JY's precautions for multiple lines, falls risk, and oxygen requirements.
On Day 1 in the ICU, I performed elements of the Patient/Client Management Model – examination
and evaluation – from the Guide to Physical Therapy Practice 3.0. JY had a severe expressive
aphasia, and as a result, JY's spouse served as an additional source to gather and interpret
information from the patient. To evaluate arousal, attention, and cognition, I asked JY questions
regarding his name, the correct date, and his location. JY verbally responded and I determined that
he was orientated to time, place, location, and situation. I recorded JY's vital signs from the
telemetry device with the five recording electrodes on his chest and abdomen. He had a digital pulse
oximeter on his right finger to measure his blood oxygen saturation level. JY was receiving
additional oxygen and wearing a nasal cannula on his face that was inserted into his nostrils. The
initial examination data for JY's vital signs, circulation, and oxygen requirements are listed in Table
2. Next, I assessed JY's functional

Why I Became A Hospice Nurse
Each day as a Hospice Nurse I touch lives. I cannot imagine a job more suitable for me. Each work
day I make a difference in someone's life. No one can die for us, but we don't have to die alone; and,
that is why I became a hospice nurse. Every day is different, presents new challenges, and always
touches my heart. It's beautiful when talent, and passion come together to make a difference. My
work day began the night before my shift started, as I received an email from my supervisor and was
pleased to see my favorite patients on my list. Anna was scheduled first on my itinerary. She had
become a quadriplegic after a serious fall down a flight of steps. Next was Mr. William, who was
dying of a brain tumor. This man had the best attitude towards life, and always kept me laughing.
My last patient of the day was Mrs. Patsy. She was very dear to my heart, and I had grown very
close to the family, because I had been seeing her for over six months. Every time I walked into
Mrs. Patsy house, she wanted an update and recent pictures of my children. It is unusual to have
everyone agree on the scheduled time, but this warm summer evening was the exception.
Tomorrow's schedule was looking great and I was ready to get some rest. As I drank my coffee, I
had to call the night nurse to get report. The night nurse reported to have an overall quiet night,
although she did receive a call from Mrs. Patsy's daughter at two AM. The family reported that she
was no longer eating, drinking or

The Patterns Of Biological Diversity Throughout Rivers And...
The patterns of biological diversity in rivers and streams among taxa vary on a spatial and temporal
scale (Ligeiro et al. 2010; McGarvey and Terra 2015). Variations in stream ecology can be
contributed to water quality, habitat, and history of disturbance (Lingeiro et al. 2010). Creeks and
streams feed into rivers and other larger bodies of water, which provide food, water, and other
commercial and recreational services as well as a home to an array of plants and animals which rely
on clean water. The health of these smaller bodies of water can act as indicators for the health of the
larger watershed. Benthic macroinvertebrates have been used to assess the health of aquatic
environments. Quality analysis involves looking at benthic species composition and organization
within the stream (Resh and Unzicke 1975). Different macroinvertebrates have differing sensitivities
to pollutant, with some being more susceptible to environmental toxins than others (Metcalfe 1989).
Such methods group macroinvertebrates in regards to their tolerance to pollution. The EPT Index
looks at Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies,
respectively) as indicators of aquatic community health. The idea behind the EPT Index is that
healthier streams have a greater richness of species as many species of macroinvertebrates are
intolerant of pollutions and thus will not be found in low quality bodies of water (Lenat 1988).
Previous studies have found that EPT

Solving Pressure Ulcers
Pressure ulcers remain an all too common problem in the healthcare industry, yet they are entirely
preventable. Changes were needed in the area of prevention, however, and this is what led to the
development of Oxy–Mat. Glenn Butler, Mike Kyevich and Bok Y. Lee, M.D. came together to
create products that help to prevent bedsores while making life easier for healthcare workers who
are often overwhelmed with daily tasks. With the help of these products, the level of care provided
continues to rise and everyone benefits. Oxy–Mat remains committed to providing quality and
innovative products that, through the use of science, are design to provide superior outcomes.
The Founders
Bok Y. Lee, M.D., Mike Dyevcih and Glenn Butler all have experience ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Counsel recently sent out an advisory on
frequently asked questions regarding the staging of pressure wounds. Oxy–Mat follows these
updates closely to determine if changes need to be to their products to better serve patients and
healthcare organizations.
Furthermore, recent research has suggested biomarkers could be of assistance in preventing pressure
ulcers in those patients who have suffered a traumatic spinal cord injury. As healthcare continues to
advance, Oxy–Mat will work to improve their product using the new information obtained. They
understand science plays a large role in determining the best options for patient care, thus they make
certain they follow the news in the area of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.
Request a free no–cost evaluation in your healthcare facility to see the benefits of the Oxy–Mat
support surface system. In addition, be sure to ask about the industry–unique leasing options
available to clients. We want to ensure all patients receive the highest level of care and our system
helps to ensure this. Pressure ulcers are entirely preventable. Our system makes eliminating these all
too common injuries an easy

Apgar Score Analysis
1E: Apgar Scale asses a infants' Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration. A rating of
0, 1, 2 on each of the 5 characteristics is made at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth. A
combined Apgar score of 7 or higher indicates that the infant is in good physical condition. If the
score is between 4–6 the baby needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vitals. A score 3
or below, the baby is not well and emergency medical attention is needed. Apgar ratings are
measured as followed: Appearance (skin color)– 0 for babies with blue body, arms and legs; 1 for
pink body and blue arms and legs; 2 for completely pink body. Not all skin tones are easy to apply
the "pink" color criterion but as a result of oxygen flowing

Intensity Of Exercise Research
Question/Aim:
How does the intensity (amount) of exercise performed (walking/running) affect the heart rate,
oxygen saturation in blood and the frequency of breathing?
How does the amount of time exercised affect the heart rate, oxygen saturation and the frequency of
breathing?
How does this affect the human body? The cardiovascular system? The respiratory system?
Does this have a significant influence on the blood pressure?
Hypothesis:
If the intensity of exercise and the time of exercising increases (not simultaneously), then the heart
rate will escalate to a higher pace, the oxygen saturation in the blood will increase, and the
frequency of breathing will multiply rapidly. First off, I will be making a prediction and explanation
about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will only be testing 2 different paces, a walking pace (4km/h) and a running pace (7km/h). This
will be collected and manipulated by the different paces that will be tested, as I will have stated in
the procedure below. Every 5 minutes, I will stop to test each aspect in order to ensure that the data
collected is reliable and accurate.
Independent Variable 2 (Experiment 2): Time of Exercise (Measured by Minutes) – This information
will be collected and manipulated by setting an accurate timer as to each one of the sections of
exercise. There will be 3 sections in total, 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. Each continue after
one another. After each 5 minutes, I will be testing each one of the factors in order to come to a
better conclusion, seeing as there will be more information regarding this

A Case Study : Jenny Coste
Introduction
This assignment focuses on a case study; Jenny Coste. She is a nine–year–old girl who is in
remission from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (School of Nursing and Midwifery 2014). She has
been diagnosed with community acquired right middle lobe pneumonia (School of Nursing and
Midwifery 2014). To integrate theory and practise, a sim scenario occurred where Jenny Coste
developed an adverse drug reaction to her antibiotic, cefotaxime. The antibiotic was stopped
immediately and a number of events occurred during the session to care for Jenny. A discussion of
the care given to Jenny will be provided with recommendations for more care. Objective and
subjective data from Jenny's case will be analysed. Additionally, the antibiotic, ... Show more
Subjective data is confirmed by the person experiencing the symptoms such as feelings, sensations,
values, beliefs and perceptions (Luxford 2015, p. 219). Jenny continues to state how she was feeling
throughout her journey. Before she had tests done, she told her mum she was scared (School of
Nursing and Midwifery 2014). Jenny remains very tired, weak and in pain (School of Nursing and
Midwifery 2014). A regular position changes can provide comfort for someone with pneumonia
(Swearingen 2016, p. 118). Common nursing interventions for fatigue and activity intolerance is to
set mutually agreed goals for the patient so they can begin to tolerate activities, stress the
importance of good nutrition to help with their energy levels, provide rest periods for the patient to
regain energy stores and decreases the risk of the patient becoming emotionally exhausted
(Swearingen 2016, p. 19). Developing a plan of care is important to provide continuity of care
(Ingham–Broomfield 2015, p. 249).
Medication
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli (Hales 2014, p. 1251).
This can be caused by pathogens entering into the lung through coughs, aspirations, talk, sneezing or
the bloodstream and develop an infection (Hales 2014, p. 1252).
During the sim scenario, Jenny was due for her next dose of cefotaxime. She was ordered
100mg/25kg /day in 4 equal doses. Cefotaxime is a third–generation cephalosporin which is a group
of antibiotics that are effective

The Pond Is Healthy Or Unclean Essay
Introduction ~ Throughout the course of about a week,the 9th grade class at CEEC took samples of
the pond at UNCC for an experiment to determine whether or not if the pond is in a safe or in a
harmful environment and if the pond is healthy or unclean. University of North Carolina–Charlotte
and its health is an important factor to the survival of the animals around it. North Carolina is a
southern US state with landscape ranging from the atlantic ocean to the appalachian mountains.
Charlotte is the state largest city it is home to the NFL's Carolina Panthers and the Nascar Hall of
Fame UNCC's campus has a early college program named the Charlotte Engineering Early College,
with a pond located to the left of CEEC.This pond is the home to many animals such as fish, ducks,
tadpoles, canadian geese, turtles, and cattail, and is a source of water for the university. In order to
be able to use this water, the pond health must be healthy. However, what makes a pond really
healthy?
Pond health is determined by its pH levels, its levels of biodiversity, its dissolved oxygen levels, its
temperature,its range of tolerance, its air temperature, and its amount of nitrogen. In order for a pond
to be healthy it must have the correct amount of each on of these things.
One significant factor to pond health is pH. pH stands for hydrogen of power, which is the
measurement of the hydrogen ion in the experiment you have to complete. pH is normally scaled of
based off of whether it is basic

Case Study of an Eighteen Month Old Toddler In Respiratory...
As a respiratory therapist at a local hospital, I was called to the Emergency Department to await the
arrival by ambulance of a 32 lb. (14.54 kg.), eighteen–month old male toddler with a history of
coughing, congestion, fever, and runny nose for the previous five days. He is currently taking
prescribed medication, by his pediatrician, consisting of acetaminophen to control fever as well as
cough syrup to lessen his cough, congestion and runny nose. He has been on this medication for the
past two days but suddenly, within the past hour, has developed an audible wheeze and cyanosis
around his lips. This change in condition alarmed his mother and she called 911 to have an
ambulance come to her home. While in route to the hospital, the EMS ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I would choose pressure controlled – continuous mandatory ventilation (PC–CMV) for this patient. I
would set up the ventilator with the following settings: initial PIP of 20 cm H2O and once patient is
attached, I would adjust the PIP to 10 cm H2O above the determined plateau pressure, tidal volume
at 90 ml (patient's IBW is 14.5 kg and the recommended VT is 5 – 8 ml/kg), frequency at 30
(recommended is 20 – 35 for a toddler), FiO2 at 100%, PEEP at the recommended pressure of +5
cm H2O, and inspiratory time of 0.6 seconds (recommended is 0.6 – 0.7) (Walsh 335). I would also
add heated humidity to the circuit via a heated pass–over humidifier set at 37 degrees Celsius. The
alarm settings would be the following: humidifier high temperature alarm at 38 degrees C. and low
temperature alarm at 30 degrees C., high pressure alarm set to 10 cm H2O above PIP and low
pressure alarm set to 5 – 10 cm H2O below PIP, low exhaled tidal volume alarm set to 80 ml (10 –
15% below set tidal volume), high PEEP set to 7 cm H20 and low PEEP alarm set to 3 cm H2O (2 –
3 cm H2O above and below set PEEP), high respiratory rate alarm set to 42 and low respiratory rate
set to 18 (40% above and below the set rate) (Cairo 106–109). To assess the appropriateness of the
ventilator settings, I would first assess the patient by listening to breath sounds, monitoring heart
rate, respiratory

Determination of the Solubility Product Constant for...
Abstract In this experiment, the Ksp for calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4·2H2O, by titrating 4
times a calcium sulfate dihydrate solution with diprotic EDTA, H2(EDTA)2–. For each trial we
found the Ksp by means of molarities and activities. The results for the Ksp using only molarities
was very different than the Ksp using activities. The average Ksp using molarity only was 2.26 x
10–4 and the average Ksp using activity turned out to be 2.31 x 10–5. The actual Ksp however, is
3.14 x 10–5. A percent error of 26.6 % was calculated.
Introduction
Experimental In this experiment, a saturated calcium sulfate was already made and ready to use.
25.00 mL of this solution was then mixed with 10 mL of an ammonia buffer and 1 drop of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|
|Trial 1 |0.0559 |
|Trial 2 |0.0603 |
|Trial 3 |0.0602 |
|Trial 4 |0.0602 |
| |Activity Coefficient |
|Trial 1 |0.329 |
|Trial 2 |0.315 |
|Trial 3 |0.316 |
|Trial 4 |0.316 |
|

Blb Experiment
3rdExperiment
 Subjects
In the study conducted by Kari Fossum, subjects were acquired from the Physiology 435 class at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison after they each filled out a consent form. Participants were
explained the nature of the procedures and questions and concerns were addressed by the
researchers [4].
 Procedure
"The BSL Respiratory Effort Xdcr SS5LB was attached to the Biopac Systems MP36 and then was
attached to the participant's chest, underarms, and above the nipple line" [4]. Respiratory monitoring
was done throughout the experiment. The subject was seated upon a Gold's Gym 390R Cycle
Trainer stationary bike. The Nonin Pulse Oximeter was used to monitor oxygen saturation levels in
subjects' blood and to measure changes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The respiratory monitor measured baseline respiration for a minute. Respiratory rate was also
measured by the respiratory monitor throughout the entire experiment. After initial respiratory rate
had been measured for about 30 seconds, researchers established a baseline heart rate range using
the pulse oximeter. This was done by recording maximum and minimum heart rates within a period
of 30 seconds. Since the site of the experiment had abundant background noise, silence could not be
used as the control variable. Therefore, white noise was used as the control instead. The subjects
listened to "Original White Noise" by White! Noise using Sony MDR7506 Dynamic Stereo
Headphones. The subject was instructed to pedal at a rate between 8 and 10 mph and was supervised
by an experimenter to ensure that the participant stayed within the proper pedaling speed range. As
the participant pedaled, the researchers changed the resistance on the stationary bike between
resistance levels 8 and 11 to make sure that the participant's heart rate was within the preferred
range. Subjects were monitored to ensure they had the heart rate ranges of 55–65% of his or her
age–predicted heart range. The subject pedaled for two minutes,

Investigating the Effect of Lipase Concentration on the...
Investigating the Effect of Lipase Concentration on the Breakdown of Fat in Milk
INTRODUCTION:
Enzymes are proteins which can catalyse chemical reactions without changing themselves. The
enzyme lipase breaks down the fat in dairy products such as full–cream milk for people who are
lactose intolerant. Lipase acts on its specific substrate, lipids produces fatty acids. If enzyme
concentration increases, random collisions between the substrates and active sites of enzyme
increase due to the increasing amount of active sites which allow more collisions to happen, so the
rate of breakdown of lipids to simpler substances will increase. During the experiment, sodium
carbonate solution and pH indicator phenolphthalein will be added ahead of ... Show more content
If more were placed in one of the test tubes, then the rate of activity of the enzyme at different
concentrations will be wrongly judged, leading to incorrect conclusion.
4. Temperature will be kept consistent at room temperature – All tested will be done in the Biology
laboratory with the windows shut to make sure the temperature will not change during the tests. The
higher the temperature, the shorter the time will be needed for the chemical reactions to happen and
phenolphthalein to turn from pink to colourless.
Dependent Variable:
1. The time for the phenolphthalein to turn from pink to colourless will be taken using the
stopwatch.
METHOD:
* The apparatus was collected; * The beakers labelled; Solutions of lipase respectively at
concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% were made using lipase at 5% and distilled water. * By using
the dropper and measuring cylinder, an amount of 5ml milk was placed in the test tube * By using
the dropper and measuring cylinder, 10ml phenolphthalein was added to the test tube * By using the
dropper and measuring cylinder, 7 ml sodium carbonate solution was added to the test tube * By
using the dropper and measuring cylinder, 3ml of 1% lipase was added into the test tube * As long
as the lipase was added, the button "start" on the stopwatch was pressed; and the

Monitoring In Neonates Validation

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