Ludwig Wittgenstein's Idea of Anchored Ideas

A Philosophical Analysis Of An Idea Presented By Ludwig...
A philosophical analysis of an idea presented by Ludwig Wittgenstein in On Certainty Introduction
Countless philosophers, from centuries ago to modern times, have investigated the concept of
inherited ideas. Some of the more daunting questions on the subject seem to be: From where do
these ideas originate? Can we trust them? Do they serve as an objective foundation for the rest of
our judgments, or are they in fact mere judgments themselves? Ludwig Wittgenstein addresses such
questions in his written work On Certainty, and deduces that in some cases, an inherited idea is "so
anchored [in me] that I cannot touch it" (no. 103). This paper will examine the definition of this idea
and the argument that lies behind it, while also addressing the various objections that could be made
to such an argument. Explanation of Idea In On Certainty, Wittgenstein arrives at the conclusion that
"some of my ideas are so anchored in me that I cannot touch them." The key message Wittgenstein
is conveying here is that certain ideas are inherited, innate for everyone. The term "anchored", in its
literal sense, refers to watercraft being held securely in a fixed spot by aid of a curved, weighted
implement to which it is connected. In using this term, Wittgenstein creates the imagery of our
intellect, our perception, being like a sea, and our ideas like ships. This illustration suggests that
some of the ideas we have are in motion, changing as a result of our experiences and investigations
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The Music Of The World Of Music
The world of music has seen many memorable composers such as Bach, Mozart, Chopin, and
Vivaldi, but none of them have a story as amazing as the 18th century classical composer Ludwig
Van Beethoven. "His life played out like one of his beautiful symphonies, with unimaginable highs,
lows, victories, and defeats," (Viegas 5). Although he lost his hearing when he was 26 years old,
Beethoven was famous for his nine symphonies, and is also recognized as one of the cornerstones of
Western civilization through the legacy of his music.
Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. He was the son of Johann, a tenor of the court
of the Elector of Cologne, who also taught violin and piano lessons, and the grandson of the man he
was named after, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His father, Johann, became an alcoholic as a result of never living up to his father's musical
achievements. "His greatest hope for success in life now rested on one individual – his young son
Ludwig" (Viegas 12). He gave Ludwig, music lessons from when he was very young. Many
accounts believe that Ludwig's father was abusive in his lessons. So dedicated to improving
Ludwig's musicianship, he would beat him or lock him in the cellar. "Since these events took place
when Beethoven was at such an impressionable age, it is hard to tell how much of his later
obsession with music came from a love of the craft or from a drive instilled by his domineering
father" (Viegas 13).
Regardless of his father's dominance, Beethoven 's musical prodigy was very natural for him. This is
proven by the fact that although his father encouraged him to play pre–existing compositions,
Beethoven composed his own. In 1779, German composer Christian Gottlob Neefe took over
Ludwig's father's role as a music teacher. Mild–mannered and well–educated, he inspired Beethoven
to pursue his talent for composing music further, and in 1782, Neefe decided to publish Beethoven 's
compositions. As Neefe began to publicize 12–year–old Beethoven's talents, they caught the
attention of Maximilian Franz, the new elector of the region who had an appreciation for music. He
had Beethoven play the viola for his court orchestra and was very

The Theory And The Biopsychosocial Theory Essay
Introduction To Paper Introduction In this paper, I will both explain what the ecosystems theory and
the biopsychosocial theory are and demonstrate how to use these theories to analyze how events and
circumstances in one's life might affect how they develop later in life. I have interviewed Kari, my
mother, and asked her a few questions to get an idea about the kind of childhood she experienced
and the kind of environment she was raised in. It is very interesting getting the chance to ask your
own mother, the woman who raised you, about a more personal experience during her childhood. I
always wonder why she parents the way she does and it's very thought–provoking when you learn
about struggles and events she experienced when she was younger. Luckily, my mother and I have a
close relationship so it was fairly easy for her to open up to me when I asked her these questions.
She didn't seem hesitant or nervous at all which helped me get good information from her. I will
start this paper by introducing Kari and giving some insight on her background. Then I will relate
her experiences to the ecosystems theory and the biopsychosocial theory. Introduction Of Kari Kari
Krueger My mother was born and raised in Oakfield, WI, a very small town outside of Fond Du
Lac. She lived with her mother, father, and older brother. Her mother was a waitress at a supper club
nights and weekends and her father worked in a factory during the day. Her relationship with her
parents, especially

Essay about Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide
Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide
My friends in the English department often ask me to explain the difference I so often talk about
between analytic and continental philosophy. For some odd reason they want to relate our discipline
with theirs in an effort, maybe, to understand both better. Thus, I welcome the opportunity offered
by Schuylkill's general theme this year to give a very general and un–rigorous presentation on
Philosophy, intended for the University Community at large.
One fine, if annoying, tradition in philosophy is that of hedging our bets. It's the fine art of being
slippery. And we actually think it's motivated by a wish to be exacting. Accordingly, I should begin
such a paper by saying that neither ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But perhaps you don't know about Descartes, the founder of "modern philosophy," and the most
armchair of the armchair philosophers. Doubting all that can be possibly doubted, no matter how he
tried he couldn't bring it about that he ceased to exist. He thought, and this established the idea of
himself as innate to himself. Of course John Locke wasn't having any of this. He announced that his
mind was a tabula rasa (blank slate) endowed instead with certain "capacities" and filled in like an
empty cabinet by the world of sense.
Thus the rationalist/empiricist tradition was born. Through many torturous turns it persists into the
analytic and continental divide. Indeed, it is still an open question whether analytic philosophy has
ever left this early beginning or whether it remains, as according to Joseph Margolis (Temple), "Pre–
Kantian" (Historied 57). Margolis argues that analytic philosophy, to the extent that it does not
eschew "all cognitive privilege" and a "principled disjunction between an independent actual world
and the world we experience and claim to know," is Pre–Kantian, particularly most forms of
"externalism"––the view that all thought contents are individuated at least partly by "external"
factors in the environment. In contrast, it is difficult to find an example of what I would call
"Continental" philosophy

Argument From Analogy Essay
The argument from analogy is an inductive argument that focuses on the problem of other minds
and aims to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. British philosopher,
Bertrand Russell, describes the argument from analogy as follows: "The behaviour of other people is
in many ways analogous to our own, and we suppose that it must have analogous causes. What
people say is what we should say if we had certain thoughts, and so we infer that they probably have
these thoughts. They give us information which we can sometimes subsequently verify" (Russell,
"Analogy", p89). Norman Malcolm argues that the argument from analogy does poorly in its
attempts to show that we are justified in inferring the existence of other minds. In assessing whether
the argument from analogy succeeds in its aims, I will raise and respond to Malcolm's objection
against the argument from analogy; Austrian–born British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Beetle
in a Box' thought experiment; as well as Welsh philosopher H. H. Price's argument and English
philosopher Stuart Hampshire's argument in defence of the argument from analogy. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
From subjective observation, Russell claims to know that A, which is a thought or feeling, causes B,
which is a bodily act (Russell, "Analogy", p110). Russell argues that believing in the existence of
other minds requires some postulate, and describes this postulate to be "If, whenever we can observe
whether A and B are present or absent, we find that every case of B has an A as a causal antecedent,
then it is probable that most B's have A's as causal antecedents, even in cases where observation
does not enable us to know whether A is present or not" (Russell, "Analogy",

Joseph Franz Haydn Essays
He is considered by some people to be one of the most famous composers of the classical period.
His career grew with the development of classical style and forms, with the symphony, sonata, string
quartet, and other instrumental forms, in the moulding of which he played an important part. Joseph
Haydn was born in Rohrau in 1732, the son of a wheelwright, he trained as a chorister at St.
Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, where he made an early living. He worked as a freelance musician,
playing the violin and the keyboard instruments, accompanying for singing lessons given by the
composer Porpora, who helped and encouraged him ( Boynick, 1). In this essay, I will discuss a
brief overview of Joseph Haydn's life. I will also talk about some ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Among the operas from this period are Lo speziale, L'infedelta delusa and II mondo della luna.
Haydn's job was to prepare the music, adapting or arranging it for the voices of the resident singers.
In 1779 the opera house burnt down; Haydn composed La fedelta premiata for its reopening in 1781
(Boynick, 2). Until then his operas has largely been comic genres; his last two for Esterhaza,
Orlando paladino (1782) and Armida (1783), are mixed or serious genres (Boynick, 2). Haydn's
reputation had now grown and was international. Much of his music had been published in all the
main European centres; under a revised contract with the Esterhaza his employer no longer had
exclusive rights to his music (Boynick, 2).
His work in the 1780s included symphonies, piano trios, piano sonatas, and string quartets. His
influential op.33 quartets, issued in 1782, were said to be in a quite new, special manner: this is
sometimes thought to refer to the use of instruments or the style of thematic development, but could
refer to the introduction of Scherzos or mighty simply be an advertising device (Hughes, 36). More
quartets appeared at the end of the decade, op.50 was dedicated to the King of Prussia (often said to
be

Essay on A Philosophical Examination of Language
A Philosophical Examination of Language
"Philosophy is language idling."
–Ludwig Wittgenstein Language and philosophy have an intimate connection to one another;
without a philosophical examination of the meanings and structure of language, we cannot easily
ascertain the objective truth of the statements we make, nor can we usefully discuss abstract
concepts. The philosophy of language seeks to understand the concepts expressed by language and
to find a system by which it can effectively and accurately do so. This is more difficult than it
appears at first; philosophers are looking for a theory of language which avoids the minute errors of
meaning and usage which occur in all discussions of abstract concepts and which tend to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ordinary language theory, on the other hand, suggested that these philosophical problems appear
when language is used improperly; the language itself is perfectly acceptable and can be easily
applied to the discussion of abstract and philosophical concepts without undue modifications, as
long as it is used and interpreted properly (Katz 69). Each of the! ! se movements in linguistic
philosophy had its strengths and weaknesses, and its supporters and detractors. LOGICAL
EMPIRICISM
Pure metaphysical speculation which is not based on fact is, to the empiricists, neither relevant nor
useful. The only truth, in this philosophy, is that which is mathematically provable or experimentally
observable (Katz 18–19). This truth can be divided into two categories: analytic truths are based on
inherent meanings and can be observed through the application of reason, if not experiment;
synthetic truths are those facts which are obtained from the experience of reality (Quine, in
Rosenberg & Travis, 63). How does this apply to linguistic philosophy? Any system of
communication must, in order to be meaningful, include some way to represent the truth accurately;
any empiricist will tell you that this truth is only valuable and meaningful if it can be considered
absolute and provable. In order to be perfectly accurate in representing the truth, language must
conform to a certain set of specifications designed to prevent it from

The Greatest Composer Of All Time
Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Joseph Hayden are well–known composers,
but Beethoven is the greatest composer of all time. Everyone has heard the name Beethoven before.
Why is he one of the greatest composer of all time? The answer is easy. He influenced so many
composers after he died. Just like how Michael Jackson influenced other artists when he passed
away. He made a huge impacted during the classical period and to the world. His music was
influenced into the next centuries, and he is considered to be the best composer of all time.
Ludwig Van Beethoven was born December 1770 in Boon, Germany. His date of birth is
unclassified because he was baptized on the 17th of December, but it makes more sense that he was
born ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trip to Vienna was really short lived because his mother, Maria Magdalena Beethoven was very
ill and died. His sister also died and he had to take care of his two brothers. Later on, he went back
to Vienne because he was studying with Joseph Hayden. Hayden saw Beethoven in Boon and made
him go to Vienne. Beethoven and Hayden relationship didn't last long because he didn't like the way
how Hayden teach (Budden). Beethoven would studied Counterpoint and slowly made a name for
himself in Vienne.
First of all, his works were broken into three periods. The first period was mostly classical that he
learns from Mozart and Hayden. He mostly played his piano. His early works includes the Op.18
String Quartets and piano sonata. His third symphony was once dedicated to Napoleon, but when
Napoleon became the Emperor of France. He wasn't a big fan of him anymore. Now, there is whole
in the paper, when he was trying to get rid of Napoleon name. (Budden). The second period was his
peak year. He uses a lot of Romantic references, and he wanted his works to fit the 18th century. His
harmony were much easier than Mozart, and his slow moment became really short. During his
second period, his works includes the Fourth Symphony to the Eight Symphony (Budden). The third
period was personal to him because he was having a crisis in his life. He would use more
counterpoint in his music, and he would his knowledge to increase his range to his

The Concept of Intelligence Essay
The Concept of Intelligence
ABSTRACT: Gilbert Ryle's dispositional analysis of the concept of intelligence makes the error of
assimilating intelligence to the category of dispositional or semi–dispositional concepts. Far from
being a dispositional concept, intelligence is an episodic concept that refers neither to dispositions
nor to 'knowing how,' but to a fashion or style of proceeding whose significance is adverbial. Being
derivative from the function of the adverb 'intelligently,' the concept of intelligence does not have
essential reference to specific verbs but rather to the manner or style of proceeding of nearly any
verb that is descriptive of the proceedings of an agent. Intelligence– words are expressive of a
manner of doing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dualist's reaction was to withdraw from the dispositional analysis and to claim that "
intelligence " can only make sense when it is ultimately linked to an alternative concept which
presumably has reference to a "process" (the existence of which may be ascertained by a subjective
avowal: intent, deliberation, reflective choice, etc.).
Whether this maneuver avoids the Rylean critique is subject to serious doubt. Each new term may
itself have a problem concerning the "metaphysical" status of its referent: whether it is a physical or
a "spiritual" process.
Another problem with this approach is that it often makes the concept of intelligence dependent on
factors that may have no more than a casual relation to its meaning: a contextual connection, for
example.
While a dispositional analysis of intelligence would effectively rescue it from entrapment inside "the
ghost in the machine" it would fail to do the concept the justice that the dualist seeks for it, and that
is to make the observation that it appears to be more an episodic than a dispositional concept.
It is in this connection that some philosophers take a critical view of Ryle's analysis. Peter Thomas
Geach, for instance, claims that reports of mental acts are categorical and are not hypothetical or
semi–hypothetical statements about overt behavior. He believes the dispositional account of
psychological concepts to be on a level with the statement that opium puts people to sleep

Franz List Research Paper
Franz list was a Hungarian composter in the 19th century. He was the only child of Adam and Anna
Liszt, born on October 22, 1811, Raiding Hungary and died on July 31, 1886 Bayreuth Germany. He
is a musical figure that majorly influenced music during the 19th century, From a young age Franz
showed musical talent. Before the age of six he started taking lessons from his father and by the age
of eight he was writing music. When he was nine he made his first public appearance as a concert
pianist at Sopron and Pozsony which is now Brartslava, Slovakia. His playing impressed local
Hungarian magnates, influential person in business so much that they gave money to pay for his
musical education for the next six years. Franz later moved to Vienna with his father to take piano
lessons with Carl Cherny a pianist, composer, and a previous pupil of Ludwig van Beetoven. Franz
also studied composition with Anotonia Salieri. Is is said that Beethoven attended on of lists concert.
In this time period foreigners were not given the same opportunities or rights as ... Show more
He was inspired by live and nature and composed several impressions of the swiss countryside. With
new work and several public performance, Liszt grew renowned. What aided in his high reputation
was giving away concert proceed to charities and humanitarian causes. However his personal life
wasn't going so well; He had three children with Marie, which ended. In 1847, he was in Kiev, Liszt
met Princess Carolyne zu Sayn–Wittgenstein. Her influence on him was dramatic; she encouraged
him to stop touring and, instead, teach and compose, so he could spend more time with her. Liszt
gave his final concert for pay at Elisavetgrad in September, and spent the winter with the princess at
her manor in

The Lasting Musical Impact of Ludwig Van Beethoven and...
Many people compare the musical works of Ludwig Van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
because of the styles of music that they produced. They were also similar because of their age and
the music period in which they created in. Throughout their lives these two composers had vastly
different customs and behaviors. Each composer contributed to their own unique styles of music,
however they continue to be a musical inspiration in today's world. Many people of the early
classical music period reacted differently to both of the musician's works because of the unique way
they chose to create and present their music. These musician's created a lasting effect on the musical
world that we see today. Although Mozart was older than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Not only did Beethoven's father instruct him, he was also given lessons by multiple people who
taught him the basic knowledge of music, and instructed him an assortment of instruments.
Unfortunately, unlike Mozart, Beethoven did not continue his education beyond elementary school
and only continued his studies in music. Mozart's father taught his children not only music, but
grammar, mathematics, language, moral and religious enlightenment, and other various components
of education and electives. Therefore, Mozart was educated in many areas, unlike Beethoven's
family life was far different form Mozart's'. At an early age, Beethoven had to help provide for his
family after his father fell ill and started to consume alcohol heavily. Beethoven sacrificed his time
to help provide for his family, especially for his two younger brothers. Luckily, working as an
assistant organist, and holding a place on the court theater, Beethoven's earnings were vast. Mozart
however, traveled around Europe with his family performing for ambassadors and counts for his
earnings. when he preformed the profits of the shows went toward his family, however the expenses
to travel far out weighted any profit. Although while traveling, the family took many detours, the
musical influences that they met and gained along the way only helped form Mozart's compositions.
Mozart's father influenced him substantially. Without the leading and persistence of his father,
Mozart

The Romantic And Classic Ages Of European Music
Music is widely considered to be the least rational of the arts, and thus the one least openly
associated with fundamentals of the outside world; all the same, musicians of considerable
significance have been both consciously and subconsciously molded by the environment in which
they reside and as such they may interpret and bring the world to life in the language of music. The
Romantic and Classic ages of European music can be simply put as the period of time between the
deaths of Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1827, and that of Gustav Mahler in 1911. Despite this
convenient partition, history has never been one to divide itself so precisely. There were certainly
early makings of Romanticism well before 1827, and after 1911. So a better time ... Show more
One of the emerging voices of the era was a French composer named Jean–Jacques Rousseau, who,
along with his followers, expressed the idea that both progress and science were taking mankind
away from their natural roots, and nature had all of the makings of a simpler life. Vivaldi, in the
Four Seasons, and Beethoven, in the Pastoral Symphony, also depict nature or natural phenomena as
a part of everyday life; depicting it sometimes pleasant, while other times annoying, and even, at
times, rather terrifying. In this romantic mentality, nature was viewed as a mysterious and
independent, yet awe inspiring force. This new found connection with nature provided a foundation
of inspiration, as well as beauty and truth; and is one of the major themes of Romanticism.
The form in which Romantic music first visibly manifested itself was through hymn, both voice and
piano; these pieces were almost always quite simple, sounding most closely to folk music, and were
usually referred to by the name Lied. Further, these songs were usually strictly Strophic, which
simply means that they divided into verses which are repeated without variation until the entire song
has been sung. Mozart and Beethoven, are two of more famous Composers, who wrote many such
Lieder (plural of Lied); which were often lovely works, but in no way represented major

Similarities Between Heidegger And Wittgenstei
manner, they aren't connected or linked with one another but looking at the bigger picture, you
realize that they are connected in a –much less considerable–way. Except the further I go into both
of their readings, the larger the effort I put into struggling with their problems, the more I distinguish
the weak trail of a connection here, a minor commonality there; the more I break the ideas and
become aware of the nearly unnoticeable thread of a relation connecting these two apparently
unequal ideas. Ultimately, this doesn't denote that I can plainly write anything or declare any
relation among both of them. It still requires rationalizing my creativity as well as my vision, spot
the verifications and evidence to completely shore up my hypothesis. In the end, if I am adequately
troubled and engaged, a case can perhaps be ready for several kinds of comparative analysis
between Heidegger and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wittgenstein states: "Philosophy must not interfere in any way with the actual use of language, so it
can in the end only describe it. For it cannot justify it either. It leaves everything as it is"
(Philosophical Investigations §124). The same goes for Heidegger when he states this about what
philosophy is; "To let what shows itself to be seen from itself, just as it shows itself from itself"
(Being and Time p.58) It is essential to argue Heidegger's concepts of everydayness and worldliness,
and Wittgenstein's notion of phenomenological representation and language, which is most plainly
demonstrated in his separation between description and explanation. Undoubtedly, there is not a full
similarity, there is no direct correspondence, but the connections that do appear to be there are to
some extent exciting and at the same time

Haydn And Beethoven : Classical And Romantic Composers
Background
Both Haydn and Beethoven are known as two of the greatest classical/romantic composers in the
history of music. Haydn is identified as the father of modern symphony, as well as the father of the
string quartet. He has played an essential role in developing the piano trio and the sonata form.
Beethoven is also a widely recognized composer in Western music, his style joined the lull between
the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven traveled to Vienna when he was young to study under
Haydn. However, due to disputes and differences between the two composers, lessons only lasted
for a little over a year. The teachings, if only for a short period, left a mark on Beethoven, and can be
observed in his compositions.
When comparing compositions of the two composers, the two composers differ in several areas,
such as form, tonality, theme, and structure. Haydn's compositions were more relevant with the
classical era. His pieces were more constructed on melody and vastly linear. Whereas Beethoven set
off to use more of a dynamic contrasting sound in his compositions. First off, comparing a
movement in Haydn's symphony No. 95 in C minor and Beethoven's symphony No. 5.
The first movement of both pieces start off in their own unique way. Haydn's work begins stridently
with a quick timpani strike accompanied by the strings, then is followed by a toned–down melody in
C–minor. The second theme of Haydn's first movement is more jovial sounding and is in C–major.
After the

A Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess
In A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess, Alex, the protagonist is a fifteen–year–old boy who
commits ultra–violent acts out of pure pleasure. The allegory present throughout the novel shows
that Alex is ruthless and does not feel pain when experiencing the deaths of others. Throughout the
journey of a small portion of Alex's life, vivid representations of settings are used to portray the dark
deeds done by Alex and his friends. Burgess also uses distinct dialect to individualize Alex and his
friends from the rest of the community to represent their violent actions with their dialect. He uses a
configuration of symbolism to represent the violent nature of Alex's surroundings which cause him
to commit these violent actions throughout the story. Through the use of these elements, Burgess
proves how violence becomes a crucial element of surviving amongst society. To begin with, many
events take place throughout the novel where Alex commits cruel crimes against several citizens of
the dystopian society. Since Alex and his friends are often seen committing such acts, they must also
be able to defend themselves in case one of their victim fights back. During these events allegory is
used when the victims of the violent actions Alex and his friends commit, bleed out from the injuries
they inflict upon them. The language used throughout the novel tends to eliminate some elements of
allegory, however, if you translate "young men doing the ultra–violent on a young woman who was

Review of Movies, In Time and Time Will Salas
The movie In Time shows a world where people are genetically engineered with a specifically
limited amount of time to live. Digital clocks on their forearm show one chronological year, which
begins ticking down at age 25, while they physically stop aging at the same age. When your time
expires, you die instantly. In this world, time is the universal currency and everything you do
requires and is rewarded with time. There are two primary time zones, based on the wealth, or time
owned, of its population. Dayton, which is poor, and New Greenwich, the wealthiest. Will, a 28–
year–old factory worker from poorer Dayton saves Henry, a time wealthy New Greenwich citizen,
from an attempted robbery and murder by a gang called the "Minute Men." Once safe, Henry
explains to Will the truth behind wealth: there is enough time for everyone to live a long life, but
New Greenwich citizens take most of the time and store it so they can be immortal. To ensure their
position, wealthier districts raise the cost of living, impoverishing everyone else. Henry states: "For
a few to be immortal, many must die." Henry gives sleeping Will most of his time, leaving a cryptic
note: "Don't waste my time." This helps Will finally realizes what Henry meant all along, and was
able to understand and comprehend his private language and personal code philosophized as
discussed by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.
In the movie In Time Will Salas is a low income factory worker who lives

The Chopin 's Music And His Influence On His Music
No one could have ever produce Beethoven music, one of the reasons why his music is continuously
more significant that untrustworthy myths of him. Beethoven was one of the first composers to
know how he wanted to compose his music without the opinions of others affecting his mind.
Before Beethoven's time, other composers, such as Mozart, could not do what Beethoven could have
done with the judgments of other minds of his music. He always knew what he wanted, nothing
could stop him from doing what he truly adores and nothing could possibly get into his way either.
No Composer, Symphonist, and Quartet–writer could or shall be compared against the wonderful
Beethoven himself.
Ludwig van Beethoven was the birth name that his family places upon ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He thought his son was but a younger prodigy of the great Mozart. Beethoven mistakenly thought he
as born in the year of 1772, instead of 1770. Beethoven performed for the first time at the Cologne
on March 26, 1778. Beethoven performed various clavier concertos and trios at Cologne.
Supposedly his father proclaimed his son to be of the age of six when he preformed at the Cologne,
but in actuality he was seven and a half. Therefore Beethoven could seem more sophisticated for his
age. For that, Beethoven assumed that he was two years younger then he actually occurred to be to
himself. Beyond the years in his life, he ran a cross a reproduction of his baptism certificate.
Beethoven had a sibling that was previously born before he was and died as a child, he assumed that
it was his brother baptism certificate.
Beethoven has completed many masterpieces throughout his existence. He wrote nine symphonies,
thirty–two piano sonatas, one opera, five piano concertos, and numerous of string quartets. In 1782,
Beethoven published his first work titled 9 Variations in C Minor for piano on a march by Dressler
at the age of twelve. "Beethoven composed his first piano concerto when he was 14. He composed
other music, as well" (Soft School). Septet, Op. 20, this piece was one of his first hits in society of
musical and why preformed by seven instruments. His most known piece through out classical
music was the Fifth

Wittgenstein's Thesis On The Explanation Of Private Language
What is the topic of Wittgenstein's remarks? Answer: The topic of Wittgenstein's remarks is about
the interpretation of private language. What branch(es) of philosophy would seem to be at issue in
the passage? Answer: Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language What is Wittgenstein claiming
in the passage? Wittgenstein is claiming that words and signs originating from private language
cannot be defined in any meaningful manner, since the words and signs didnt come from common
language (the language that has shared meaning among the masses), thus no definitive meaning can
be derived and should not be used. Having decided on the nature of Wittgenstein's claim, what are
the grounds (reasons) for it that Wittgenstein provides? He supports his claim by saying the "S" in
private language can represent sensation to him; however, when someone else interprets the "S", it
can different notions of meanings. Hence, he mentions in his argument that " it would not help either
to say that it need not be a sensation; that when he writes "S", he has something". What possible
objections to his claim does Wittgenstein ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However that sensation is something that is unique to the person experiencing that sensation and
can't be understood by others. Furthermore, that sensation is "something" in the end, but that
statement in its integrity is just as vague since not everyone would be able to understand what
"something" is as much as they would understand what "sensation" is. Wittgenstein defends this by
stating that, in basics of language, words are just noises. Yet, he refutes this by claiming that "sound
is an expression only as it occurs in a particular language game"; This meant until external meaning
is given to the sounds(words), people derives their own personal meaning of the sounds

Our World Revolves Around Money
Our world revolves around money. How we get it and how we spend it. We need it to reach the basic
necessities in our life. That was not always the case, but the market society has made it that way.
Everything is based on prices. The market always existed, but society was never controlled by it.
People are now going to work for gain, not for satisfaction. There has been a great transformation.
People no longer are able to do things for themselves, making us dependant on a system of labour.
People are now working for gain because we are working for our wants and needs, needs that are
constantly met through the market, and our society relies on a market. Looking at the changes
through material and ideological conditions we will see the significance of these changes. The main
phrase used for this change is "the great transformation". It is the emergence of the market society.
The shift that occurred from the market economy to the market society. Within a market economy
there was interaction between producers and consumers. You would exchange your own products
you had created, with another person. Adam Smith suggested that "division of labour in society was
dependant upon the existence of markets, or, as he put it, upon man's propensity to barter, truck and
exchange one thing for another" (Polanyi p.43). Smith is saying that people did stuff with exchange
in mind, not to receive any form of money. When we look at a market society, we see how
everything has become commodified.

Essay on Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein
Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein
The connections between Ludwig Wittgenstein and Soren Kierkegaard as philosophers are not at all
immediately obvious. On the surface, Wittgenstein deals with matters concerning the incorrect use
of philosophical language and Kierkegaard focuses almost exclusively on answering the question
'how to become a Christian'. But this account belies deeper structural similarities between these
men's important works. Thus, this paper suggests that their methods, rather than exclusively content,
contain a strong parallel on which a natural and hopefully fruitful examination of their work can be
based. I claim that on at least four counts, Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein present clearly analogous
form: indirect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kierkegaard's works are not straightforward proclamations of his philosophy: he wrote under
pseudonyms and assumed the persona of these fictional characters in his writing. Thus, one must be
careful when attributing a particular position to Kierkegaard –– often the view is advanced by a
pseudonym, so various inferential processes must be applied in order to substantiate a claim that
Kierkegaard really meant any statement. Foremost among the structural similarities between
Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein works is the use of indirect communication: as paradoxical as it may
sound, both authors deliberately obfuscate their philosophy for the purposes of clarifying it.
Clarification of the preceding assertion is obviously required. Each author felt that, due to inherent
properties of their subject matter, outright delineation of their conclusions would somehow be a
self–contradiction. Clearly their respective subject matter, the logical structure of language and the
task of becoming a Christian, is inherently disparate. But let us examine more closely particular
instances of indirect communication from both of the philosophers with the intention of finding
similarity.
"By indirection, find direction out." –– Polonius, (Hamlet: II, i, 72)
Soren Kierkegaard
The use of pseudonyms: The purpose of pseudonyms was to present a viewpoint which the reader
was initially to sympathize with. As the

The Touchstone Of Life By Loewenstein
In "The Touchstone of Life", Loewenstein talked about the concept of entropy from the viewpoint of
"information theory." In the thermodynamic viewpoint, the concept of entropy is the "transformation
of heat to work." However, in general chemistry the viewpoint of entropy is the "measure of
disorder." There are some different and similar between 3 viewpoints. The common in 3 viewpoints
are that they were trying to explain the second the law of thermodynamics. Also, Boltzaman stated
that entropy is the measure of the disordered; it is just like information is a measure of order when
we compare that to information theory.
Besides the similarity, the differences between these 3 viewpoints are that the information theory is
defined entropy in the context of probability model to establish a measure for the amount of
information connect with the message. From Shannon's viewpoint, information becomes
mathematically defines quantity that represents the degree of choice applied in forming a particular
symbol or message sequence out of a number of possible ones, and entropy becomes a measure of
the rate of transfer of the information in the message.
The thermodynamic viewpoint is based on described the system with the macroscopically view, and
what we can measure by thermodynamic variables: temperature, pressure, volume, and number of
particles by observe how temperature and heat and its relation to the observed energy and work
measured for the system. When a closed system holds an

Analytic Philosophy : Modality And The Iron Triangle
Modality and the Iron Triangle
Analytic philosophy had major influences on theories of meaning and the discussion of language. In
this paper, I will discuss some of the most significant people in this period and analyze the success
or lack of success for each theory in the period of analytic philosophy. The names of discussion are
Bertrand Russell, Alfred Ayer, and Saul Kripke. While other influencers of analytic philosophy
certainly exist, I will focus on these authors. Each writer was a founder of a movement of thought or
a beginning step to change in analytic philosophy, so their theories have major consequences on the
understanding on language and meaning. In particular, Russell was a major voice in the circles of
descriptivism, Ayer was a logical empiricist, and Kripke focused on modality and possibility. Rather
than describe each of these authors' views on their respective movements, I will focus on the
consequences of their views on a particular model in the philosophical discussion of meaning: the
iron triangle. This model is a description of meaning with three points based on knowledge, the
method of learning that knowledge, and the possibility of that knowledge. In this paper, I will
describe each philosopher's ideas on the iron triangle, Ayer's specific project on the model, and
Kripke's subsequent challenges to Ayer.
Firstly, Bertrand Russell's approach to meaning is descriptivist, and this theory is integral to
Russell's understanding of the iron triangle. This

Essay Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Nature of Religious Language
Ludwig Wittgenstein once believed that language's function was to name objects and the meaning of
language was found in the objects for which it stands. He later rejected this and centred on how
language works and is used, believing that problems of religious language come from
misunderstanding its usage. Wittgenstein was no longer concerned with the truth or falsity of
language but the way it is used and the functions that it performs, as he said 'Don't ask for the
meaning ask for the use.'
Wittgenstein recognised that language is equivocal as words have many different meanings, such as
the word 'pen' whose meaning changes in different contexts.
He saw language as a game, which like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term 'language games' implies that it is part of an activity. He argued that is usage and meaning
is dependent upon its function and society uses language in a specific and agreed way. Wittgenstein
called these rules 'grammar', for example, to say that 'God has big feet' is not playing to the rules of
the game because a convention says it is inappropriate to God.
Wittgenstein said that 'philosophy may in no way interfere with the usage of language only describe
it'. However, to change the description of a language game can have dramatic effects. D.Z. Phillips
used the example of 'God is love', which he argued was not a description but a rule for how the word
'God' is to be used. Statements about religious belief are actually descriptions of the grammar of the
religious game.
This implies that something cannot be both a rule of grammar and at the same time a description of
reality. This approach leaves the religious language game forever defining its own rules. The
question is then prompted that if religious language does not get beyond itself to explore reality,
how did it get started at all.
Felicity McCutcheon drew some parallels between games and language. This led some to the view
that each language games is immune from charges of incoherence and irrationality because it has its
own internal criteria

Northern Drilling, The World 's Third Largest Exploration...
Northern Drilling: Introduction Northern Drilling Inc. was established as a subsidiary of Europe's
InterDrilling Corporation, the world's third largest exploration drilling contractor, in 2006 to take on
a new frontier in Canada. A seasoned veteran in the drilling exploration field for more than 30 years,
Peter Bremner took the helm as general manager to build its Canadian division as an opportunity to
take advantage of a potentially untapped resource 'goldmine'. Northern Drilling prided itself as an
extremely specialized, full–service drilling exploration company being technically sound along with
keeping the highest safety standards in the industry. They are predominantly hired by large mining
companies, with RFP's (Request for Proposal), to explore the possible existence of valuable ore
deposits, mostly in remote locations and occasionally in harsh conditions. The industry as a whole is
known as 'diamond exploration drilling,' however it's not limited to one mineral, but rather anything
from industrial minerals such as salts or limestone to scarcer elements found beneath earth's surface
(Bremner, 2012). The ore drilling industry is especially competitive comprised of approximately 80
many smaller, more specialized 'commodity–type' contractors. They threaten the much larger
contractors such as Northern as they are able to accept RFP's on very thin margins with little to no
overhead. With mining companies being very price sensitive, it hurt Northern Drilling as they were

The Philosophical Investigations Essay
The Philosophical Investigations
ABSTRACT: The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein
claims throughout his later writings to be teaching a method and this method is both philosophical
and pedagogical. It is the claim of this paper that if we do not take Wittgenstein's methodological
claim seriously, we do not engage with the text in the manner for which it was written.
Consequently, we begin and end in the wrong places and the text becomes (in the words of
Wittgenstein) 'variously misunderstood, more or less mangled and watered–down.' §1 is
philosophically and pedagogically complex. It presents the philosophical problems to which
Wittgenstein will respond in the text which follows and it also, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, we begin and end in the wrong places and the text becomes (in the words of
Wittgenstein) 'variously misunderstood, more or less mangled and watered–down' (PI xe). (3) An
examination of §1 provides an introduction to the philosophical and pedagogical complexity of
Wittgenstein's Investigations.
Wittgenstein begins the Investigations with a quotation from Augustine's Confessions. Augustine
writes:
When they (my elders) named some object, and accordingly moved towards something, I saw this
and I grasped that the thing was called by the sound they uttered when they meant to point it out.
Their intention was shewn by their bodily movements, as it were the natural language of all peoples:
the expression of the face, the play of the eyes, the movement of other parts of the body, and the
tone of voice which expresses our state of mind in seeking, having, rejecting, or avoiding
something. Thus, as I heard these words repeatedly used in their proper places in various sentences,
I gradually learnt to understand what objects they signified; and after I had trained my mouth to
form these signs, I used them to express my own desires (PI 1).
According to Wittgenstein these words give us a particular picture of the essence of human
language; a picture in which individual words name objects and sentences are combinations of such
names. In this picture of

Wittgenstein Picture Theory Essay
There are many objections to the picture theory of meaning and unfortunately a large number of
these are due to misinterpretations of the Tractatus. Because The Tractatus is such a complex and
cryptic book, and because Wittgenstein can be quite vague in his explanations, readers interpret it in
many different ways and take different meanings from it and so objections and also defenses can be
based on underlying misconceptions. In "Wittgenstein's Picture Theory of Language", David Keyt
remarks that it is difficult to see how Wittgenstein meets some of the common objections to his
Picture Theory. Because of this it is difficult to examine the strengths of the Picture Theory, and this
extends to the Tractatus as a whole. (p ) He argues that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a one to one correspondence between the parts of a proposition and the objects of the states
of affairs pictured by the proposition. 2. Propositions are linear structures. 3. Every possible state of
affairs can be expressed in language." (497) Wittgenstein asserts that every fact can be expressed
through language when he says "Man possesses the ability to construct languages capable of
expressing every sense." (4.002) Keyt considers solutions to this so called paradox but does not find
any to be satisfactory, therefore viewing this paradox as a huge flaw in Wittgenstein's picture theory.
Another objection comes from Anthony Kelly, In chapter 4 of his book "Wittgenstein." He raises an
interesting objection to the picture theory. His concern in his objection is how exactly we can have
the knowledge of what a picture represents. Kenny imagines a musical score containing symbols
that represent sound. These symbols are intended to represent some kind of musical sound He states
that Wittgenstein "does not here make clear what, in addition to A's having logical structure, and
pictorial relation to B, is needed for A to be a picture of B rather than the other way round." (Kenny,
70) . Wittgenstein does not offer up any solution to this

Essay On Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland is arguably one of the most important 20th century American composers. His uses of
texture and tonal settings have contributed greatly to the way people think about film scoring and
orchestral composition. During his life, he was at the forefront of his style, and his legacy is quite
immense, including the founding of not only the AMC but also, with his passing, the Aaron Copland
Fund for Music. He was at times a critic, mentor, and above all, a chief organizer of what was and
still is "America's music". Copland was born November 14, 1900, in New York. The son of Jewish
immigrants, his cultural background, as well as his early childhood, contributed greatly to his
musical and business dealings.
.
Aaron spent his childhood living above his parents Brooklyn department store. It seems likely that it
was in helping to run the shop at this early stage in his life that he picked up the business skills that
would help him through his career as a musician. He was the youngest of five ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
W. Murnau's film Nosferatu (Pollack). The piece was completed upon his return to the United
States, and shortly thereafter Boulanger arranged a major premier of his organ concerto, which was
performed by both the New York Symphony Orchestra and the Boston Symphony Orchestra
(conducted by Sergey Koussevitzky), which featured Boulanger as a soloist. The subsequent
introduction of Copland to Koussevitzky led to a solid working relationship between the two,
resulting in not only a collaboration on an organ symphony but also to Koussevitzky's eventual
performing of roughly twelve of Copland's compositions, several of which were commissioned by
Sergey himself (Pollack). Koussevitzky was also responsible for getting Aaron appointed as the
assistant director of the Berkshire Music Center, where he taught during the summer for about 25

I Attended A Musical Performance By The Diderot String...
On April 23rd, I attended a musical performance by the Diderot String Quartet. The performance
was held at the Bruno Walter Auditorium in 111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, N.Y. at 2:30 p.m.
The Diderot String Quartet performance that I attended was titled "Diderot String Quartet: Haydn
and his Students." The Diderot String Quartet performance is titled after the musical pieces of the
concert, which included string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn, Anton Ferdinand Titz, and Ludwig
van Beethoven. The first musical piece performed was "String Quartet No. 1 in G Major" by Anton
Ferdinand Titz. The second musical piece performed was "String Quartet Op. 76, No.6 in Eb Major
Fantasia" by Franz Joseph Haydn. The third and final piece performed was "String Quartet Op.74 in
Eb Major Harp" by Ludwig van Beethoven. Each musical piece was performed beautifully by the
Diderot String Quartet, which included 2 violinists (Johanna Novom and Adriane Post), a cellist
(Paul Dwyer), and a violist (Kyle Miller). Besides the performance, the location of the concert was
exceptional. The Bruno Walter Auditorium is a relatively small concert hall. According to its
website, the auditorium can only accommodate an audience of 202. However, the Bruno Walter
Auditorium has an empowering effect on the audience. When the performance began, I felt the
empowering effect of the auditorium when I saw how the audience was drawn to the center of the
stage. The attention of the audience created an intimate

Beethoven Biography
Ludwig van Beethoven
17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827
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Ludwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most famous and influential of all the pianist composers of his
time. He was considered instrumental in the transition of between the classical and romantic eras in
Western Art Music.
Beethoven was born on December 16th, 1770 in Bonn (now called Cologne, Germany) to parents of
Belgian descent. His father, Johann, was a musician at the court of Bonn, and his mother, Maria,
whom he later deemed as his "best friend", was described as a warmhearted gentle women. There
were seven children born into this family, only three survived, in which Ludwig was the oldest.
Johann supplemented his income by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He could then respond orally or in the book. Out of a total 400 conversation books, 264 books were
altered to destroyed after Beethoven's death by Anton Schindler (Beethoven's biographer) , who
wished only an idealized biography of the composer to survive.
In 1807, Beethoven wrote his third symphony for Bonaparte. Bonaparte was seen as a liberator of
people, which then opened the door of hope for all people. However, Beethoven became angry and
when the First Consul declared himself emperor and put that anger into his music, spewing out his
name from the musical score. It was played for the first time on April 7th, 1805, and entitled Eroica
Symphony.
During this time period, Ludwig was commissioned by the Viennese government to begin
composing an opera, entitled "Lenora". This would be the only opera he would compose. Critics
speculate it is because he was not skilled in this area. It went through several revisions and was
retitled "Fedelio", against his wishes. It debuted on November 20th, 1805 to a very small audience
of French officers under Napoleon.
From the 1805 onward, Beethoven's productivity increased dramatically, having reached his musical

maturity. He had become regarded as one of the most important in a generation of young composers,
following Hayden and Mozart. Beethoven

Biography Of Felix Mendelssohn 's ' The Mendelssohn Quartet '
The piece my ensemble piece will be performing is the Mendelssohn Quartet Op.44, movement 1.
The composer, Felix Mendelssohn was born on February 3, 1809, in Hamburg. Germany. As a son
of Moses Mendelssohn, who was a successful banker, Mendelssohn was born into a very wealthy
family, which gave him certain advantages such as providing him a rich and ideal cultural setting for
his artistic mind to flourish. His received good education as well. While Mendelssohn's father
disliked Jews that converted from Judaism to Christianity to gain social acceptance outside of the
jewish ghettos, Felix still ended up following Christianity, and even baptized his whole family in the
name of Jesus. When Mendelssohn was a child, his family moved to Berlin where he would meet
Ludwig Berger. Felix took piano lessons from Berger and also studied from Karl Zelter on
compositions. In the early 19th century, Mendelssohn quickly established himself as prodigy and
displayed an interest in arts and music thru his ability to perform on the piano and violin, as well as
painting. At the young age of nine, he made is public debut and during his childhood he had written
five operas and eleven full orchestral symphonies. In the late 1810's, Felix Mendelssohn took part in
the Singakedemie Music Academy, where he wrote numerous pieces such as multiple violin sonatas,
a cantata, two piano sonatas, and a short opera. In 1821, Karl Zelter took Mendelssohn to the port,
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Immediately,

The Music That Have Changed The Face Of Music
Growing up, Beethoven was a household name. Countless studies have been released claiming
classical music could increase babies' intelligence. The importance of music is vast and affects every
individual in a multitude of ways. Throughout the course of history, there have been artist that have
changed the face of music as we know it. Two important composers to the course of music's history
are Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Liszt. While both composers certainly have similarities in
their music, there are also multiple differences that separate them as completely different artists.
Ludwig van Beethoven was born around December 16th in 1770 in the city of Bonn. His father,
Johann van Beethoven was a singer and terrible alcoholic. He was locked in a cellar, flogged, and
made to practice for hours upon hours. He was also beaten for any mistakes made while playing
piano. Beethoven's father hoped he would be a musical child prodigy just like Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart. When Beethoven turned the age of ten, he dropped out of school to pursue studying music
full time. When his father's health began to decay due to his alcoholism, Beethoven began to work
in order to support his family. He worked as an Assistant Court Organist. Ludwig van Beethoven
was sent to Vienna to study music further, but returned home when his mother became ill.
Beethoven's earliest piece was titled "Cantata on the Death of Emperor Joseph II" and was written
after the death of Emperor Joseph II. In 1792 Beethoven

Essay On Wittgenstein Concept Of Grammar
One of the essential aspects of philosophy is the capability for good communication. It is because
this discipline involves a practice of articulating thoughts and opinions or of disseminating
arguments. In simple sense, it circumscribes sharing of ideas and information between two or more
persons.
However, as a philosopher one must take into consideration the aptness to establish and justify one's
personal opinion, to acknowledge others perspective, and to specify logically the reason for
considering one's own view as advantageous to the alternatives.
In response to this reason, Ludwig Wittgenstein claimed that one of the most important aspects of
communication in philosophical standpoint is grammar. It is in view of the thought that Grammar ...
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The primary source of this research is the Philosophical Investigation which is considered as
Wittgenstein later philosophy. The researcher will also use philosophical books as secondary sources
that talks about Wittgenstein's concept of grammar from the library of Don Bosco College and
Postnovitiate Seminary, Canlubang. Thus, E–sources (i.e., books, journal, thesis, essay, articles,
commentaries...etc.) that tackles about the Wittgenstein concept of grammar will essentially be
surfed will also be utilized.
Organization of the Thesis
This Thesis will be divided into five chapters. Each chapter demonstrates a development that would
answer the main question, "What is Wittgenstein's concept of Grammar?" The content of each
chapter will be as follows:
Chapter one: This part focuses on the Introduction of the whole study. Here the following–the
background of the study, the problems related to the topic, the scope and limitation, then the related
literature, and the methodology– will be discussed. Then in chapter two, life and works of
Wittgenstein will be discussed. Thirdly in chapter three, an account of the similarities between
Wittgenstein concept of grammar and the Linguistics conception of grammar will be presented.
Hence, in chapter four, an exposition of Wittgenstein concept of grammar as uses of words and
meaning will be recounted. Lastly, chapter five will relay the conclusions

Ludwig Wittgenstein Research Paper
Considered by many to be one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century. Ludwig Wittgenstein
was a man of many thoughts and emotions. His works in language and logic are his most famous,
his philosophy and opinions have left a mark in philosophy was we know it. Tractatus Logico–
Philosophicus was a book he claimed that solved all questions in life, yet he wrote another book,
Philosophical Investigations, taking a similar yet different route. Now his works have left a lasting
impact even outside of philosophy.
The Austrian–British philosopher, was born in Vienna, Austria, on April 26, 1889 to wealthy and
well–known family. Although his family was Jewish–Catholic he was raised as a protestant but was
baptized as a Roman Catholic. He was youngest of eight children; his family was greatly invested in
the arts, especially music. All of the children where musically gifted, and one of his brothers became
a world–famous pianist. Even Ludwig had a perfect pitch and played the clarinet for all of his life.
Yet with all of that he also had a dark past his family had suicidal tendencies, and three out of four
brothers had committed suicide. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In 1906, he began studying mechanical engineering in Berlin, and in 1908 he went to Victoria
University, Manchester to study for his post–graduate degree in engineering and aeronautics,"
according to The Basics of Philosophy. At first, he started to study engineering and aeronautics, but
later on would find interest in the foundations of mathematics. And from his newly found interest in
the foundations of mathematics, he had gone to find Bertrand Russell, who had co–written,
"Principia Mathematica" which had inspired to look into the foundations of mathematics in the first

Classical Liberalism : Through The Ages
Isaac Oraweme
POL 2400
Fall 2015
Northeastern University
Prof. Florencia Gabriele
11/21/2015
Classical Liberalism – Through The Ages
In order to evaluate both concepts of liberalism, we should take in to consideration their historical
contexts. Because every political philosophy is the product of a certain time and circumstance and
therefore has its limitation(s).
Classical Liberalism, which is also known as traditional liberalism, laissez–faire liberalism, or
simply liberalism all over the world is a doctrine that stresses the importance of human rationality,
individual property rights, natural rights, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional limitations of
government, free markets, and individual freedom from restraint.
At its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
< Raico, Ralph. "The Rise, Fall, and Renaissance of Classical Liberalism." – 01 Aug. 1992. Web. 20
Nov. 2015.> Essentially, western civilization is a product of classical liberalism.
The principles of Classical liberalism are exemplified in the writings of John Locke, Montesquieu,
John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, Voltaire and others. Classical Liberalism is basically seen as the
combination of economic liberalism and political liberalism. Another contention of classical
liberalism is that part of what makes society civil is the ability of its members to help each other.
Classical liberalism also sees the market as a major part of civil society. It asserts that people want
and ultimately need to do good by others, and claims that part of that includes freely exchanging the
fruits of their labor with fellow members of society.
Classical liberals don't just promote the market, limited government, and voluntary association,
classical liberalism asserts that in order for society to remain functional, it has to be democratic, and
maintains that people do not simply need to do good by their fellow man but that they must also
love doing good. Liberals are hopeful that members of a civil society will do the right thing, but
readily they acknowledge that people can be vicious, specifically members of society who are in
positions of

The Life Of Lise Meitner
The Life of Lise Meitner
In the beginning of the life of one of the most significant female scientist to date, there was
obscurity. Born in Vienna, Austria on November 7th of 1878 during turmoil of war and persecution
that would seem to not cease throughout her life, she was bound to surpass her limitations as a
necessity to prosper the scientific status. Born the third child out of eight in a Jewish family, she still
was not one to go unnoticed or to be persuaded, as a strong minded individual tends to be. At the
time of her birth, her family was fairly wealthy, and though of Jewish background, did not practice
the religious beliefs of the Jewish heritage. This meant that although she was Austrian in nationality,
her ancestors practiced the Jewish way of life, yet it was not as discernable in Meitner or her direct
family. Her mother Hedwig Skovran, a musician, was not well known but of enough skill to
continue the occupation, while her father, Philipp Meitner, was a lawyer and a master of chess. Her
siblings, much like her parents, grew up to be detached from the Jewish culture, which would lead
them towards Christianity during a time of maltreatment of those of Jewish features or religion. This
change of religious beliefs would be reflected in Meitner as well in 1908 at the age of thirty as she
converted to the Lutheran church. This change of religious practice would not make a difference
after the rise of Hitler, which catalyzed the already present disfavor towards the

Franz Joseph Haydn : The Founder And Developer Of The...
The 18th Century composer, Franz Joseph Haydn, was arguably the founder and developer of the
formal and structural principles of classical style. His work included hundreds of symphonies, string
quartets, and instrumental sonatas. Haydn's innovation and style created a model for many
composers after him.
FOUNDATIONS
On March 31, 1732, Franz Joseph Haydn was born in the charming village of Rohrau, Lower
Austria which is on the Hungarian border. Joseph, called Sepperl by his German parents, was born a
peasant boy. Haydn's father helped the village head to build and repair wooden wheels. His mother
worked as a cook in the Palace of Count Harrach before she married. Remarkably, neither of
Haydn's parents could read music, but his father was a self–taught harpist. Hadyn's father and
mother had 12 children. Anna Maria died in 1754 and Mathias remarried and had five more
children, all of whom died in childhood. Luckily, Haydn's parents recognized and supported his
talent for music. At age five, he became the music students of a schoolmaster at Hainburg, Johann
Matthais Frankh. At 8 years old, he worked at the Cathedral of St. Stephen 's in Vienna as a
choirboy. By 1749 his voice had changed and he was no longer able to sing high choral parts. When
Haydn played a joke on a fellow classmate by cutting off her ponytail, he was met with a severe
lashing and dismissal from school. After being dismissed, Haydn had no place to stay, and his
family could not help him financially.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony Essay
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony
If you are part of society, I think it is safe to make the assumption you are familiar with and have
heard Symphony No. five by Beethoven. Whether it was a theme in movie or part of an
advertisement on TV, it captured your attention and added emotion and excitement to the particular
segment that it coincided with. Total unification and the pervasive use of a single motif combine to
make the Fifth Symphony, which had one of the longest gestation periods of any Beethoven work,
the first in which all movements are shown plainly to be part of a cyclic design. The famous motif
which dominates the first movement in the form also makes significant appearances that are
dramatic entrances in the other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead of having the tonic minor govern the entire recapitulation in the first movement, he brings
back the second subject in the tonic major, as a simple transposition rather than the fundamental
recasting. (In this respect the movement anticipates the Romantic concept of thematic integrity and
by, extension, the idea of the theme as the focal point of a composition.)
The fifth Symphony in C minor is rightly considered the paradigm of Beethoven's symphonies; the
various alternatives to sonata form, explored in the piano works, are put to one side here in favor of
the more rigorous example of Mozart, which is, however, raised to a superbly spectacular level.
(Pestelli p.236) According to Pestelli, No other piece had ever organized the principles of contrast
with such integration of metrical structure and thematic invention as does the first movement; the
grand balancing of blocks of sound comes, as everyone knows, from a proverbial four–note idea, an
idea unusable by others, and in that sense a asocial , rather like the opening of Coriolan(1807), the
overture for Collin's tragedy, with it's powerful swelling unisons that explode into chords.(236) This
explains the why Beethoven's opening to Symphony No. five is so powerful and dominating to the
listener's ear. His use of only four notes to introduce his symphony is an original one, giving it
extreme distinction from any other composer's work of the Classical

The Similarities Between Beethoven And Rachmaninoff
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German musician known as one of the few who had a strong influence
on classical music. For many, Beethoven is considered the predominant musical composer who
formed the bridge between the classical and romantic era. This gave way to romantic composers
such as Sergei Rachmaninoff, who is considered one of Russia 's finest pianist and romantic
composers. Some people may argue that the musical talents of Beethoven cannot be compared to
other composers, however, when you compare his personal life with Rachmaninoff; it seems that
tragedy had an influence on both their lives. Even though Beethoven and Rachmaninoff lived during
different centuries and they came from different countries, they both shared the same passion for
creating beautiful music despite the hardships in life. Although some of the differences between
Beethoven and Rachmaninoff are evident, the similarities are pronounced. Ludwig van Beethoven
was born in Bonn Germany on December 16, 1770 and he died on March 26, 1827 at the young age
of 56 from pneumonia complicated by cirrhosis of the liver and dropsy. In the book The Gift of
Music Great Composers and Their Influence by Jane Smith and Betty Carlson, Beethoven was
described as a "short, stout man with a very red–faced, small piercing eyes, and bushy eyebrows"
(56). On the contrary, Rachmaninoff was described as a tall man who didn 't fit quite fit in. He
measured at 6 '6" and his giant hands could strike 13 on the keyboard.

Ludwig Van Beethoven, Composer Of All Time, And For Good...
Ludwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most well known composer of all time, and for good reason.
Born in the Classical era, Beethoven composed music that people could connect to and feel in a way
that they had never experienced before. Beethoven was a great musical innovator as a result of his
work as a composer, his assistance in the transition from the Classical era to the Romantic era of
music, and his famous Ninth Symphony. Ludwig van Beethoven was born on either December 16th
or 17th in the year 1770. The precise birthdate of Beethoven is unknown, but these two dates are
assumed because he was baptized on December 17, 1770. Beethoven grew up in the city of Bonn,
which is located in Germany. Other than one trip to Holland when he was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Beethoven writes on in this letter his thoughts of suicide, but that he refrained from doing so
because he felt called to compose more than his current repertoire at the time had. Even while going
deaf, Beethoven continued to create magnificent pieces of music that forcefully carried emotion into
its listener's ears with pieces like the famous Moonlight Sonata and Piano Sonata in E Minor. This
music that Beethoven was composing had true passion behind it, which is something that
contributed in the shift from the Classical Era to the Romantic Period in music. The word
"simplicity" can be used to describe Beethoven's numerous compositions because they were not the
intricate fast–moving pieces that Mozart was known for, but rather simple and elegant musical
pieces. Many musicians have one notable work that soars above the rest, and Beethoven falls into
this category as well. In the years 1822–1824, Beethoven composed his most well known piece, the
Ninth Symphony. The Ninth Symphony was performed for the very first time on May 7, 1824, and
was dedicated to the King of Prussia. The Ninth Symphony has four separate movements, but the
most popular movement is the 4th movement. The infamous and perhaps most

Ludwig Wittgenstein's Idea of Anchored Ideas

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