Otc Naloxone Research Papers

Otc Naloxone Research Papers
OTC Naloxone; Does it help, or hinder addicts? "Matty Rix grew up in a community that had much to offer a happy, adventurous boy. He took
advantage of the open spaces and the forests and streams, whether riding his four–wheeler with friends or fishing and hunting with his father. But
small–town, rural southern Maine also had something else to offer its curious youth: A steady supply of pain pills and other prescription drugs."
(Richardson, 2011) This is only one of the many sad stories of a promising teenager who has fallen into the grasp of opioid addiction in the state of
Maine in the last decade. "In 2015 Maine saw a total of 272 deaths due to overdoses" (Ricker, 2016). The leading cause of these deaths are opioid
overdoses. Opioid abuse is becoming an epidemic in this country, a raging fire that is sweeping across the nation, leaving many dead in its wake.
Lawmakers and pharmaceutical companies believe that they have found the answer; naloxone being made available as an over the counter (OTC)
drug. Naloxone, better known by its brand name, Narcan, is an antagonist of the opioids, meaning that it is used to temporarily block the effects of
opioids for 30–40 minutes. It is designed to give someone who has overdosed the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While if used properly, and administered correctly by a trained professional, Narcan may give a person time to seek treatment, it is not a cure for an
overdose. This theory is proven in the story of Ashley Winchell. Winchelle was a 21
–year–old woman who had been fighting with drug addiction for a
few years. She had gone through many different drug rehab programs, and although they seemed to work for a short time, Ashley would revert to her
bad habits whenever she encountered her old crowd of friends (Ricker, 2016). Ashley had a small daughter, Katerina, who lived with her grandmother
while Ashley was trying to clean up her
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Side Effects Of Opioids
Short term side effects
One advantage to using opioids is that they have been proven to be very effective at reliving pain, opiates also can be very cheap. Morphine has been
around for little over a century, but it is still used frequently to control pain most likely after major surgery.
Opiods usually produce a so called "high". The faster they take affect, the more intense the high you receive. Heroin can produce an insanely intense
high thanks to its very short duration the high only lasts fifteen to thirty minutes. Morphine is much a longer high, ussually lasting from four to six
hours.
The short–term effects of opiate use can include the following of:
Feelings of euphoria.
Pain relief.
Drowsiness.
Sedation.
Long term side effects
Long–term effects of opioid abuse can include the following of:
Nausea
Vomiting.
Abdominal distention bloating. Constipation.
Liver damage
Development of tolerance.
Dependence. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the body is not designed to cope with a bunch of powder in the bloodstream, but a number of addicts still decide to grind grind up
tablets, and mix them with alcohol or water, and inject or snort them. This can lead to serious heart problems, this will include long–term heart
infections, and also includes pulmonary embolisms. If the site of injection gets infected, it likley to get gangrene in the injection area the flesh dies
and then rots off that body part . If the wound gets infected, it can cause a horrible blood infection, which can be very

Activated Charcoal Case Summary
1. Signs of opiate toxidrome that this patient is exhibiting includes: hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, bradypnea, hypoxia, miosis, and
unresponsiveness.
2. Narcan, also known as naloxone hydrochloride, is a pure competitive opioid antagonist used in the treatment of severe opioid toxicity. Naloxone's
mechanism of action is to bind to all opioid receptors including mu, kappa, and delta, and prevent the actions of opioid agonists resulting in reversal of
life threatening respiratory depression commonly caused by opioid overdose. This antagonist is most potent at the mu receptor. Routes of
administration include: intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, subcutaneous, endotracheal, inhalation, and intralingual.
3. This patient is spontaneously ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Activated charcoal is the gastrointestinal decontamination technique that should be used in this patient to help adsorb to any NSAID that hasn't been
absorbed since a large amount was consumed.
2. Diagnostic tests that are indicated with NSAID ingestion include: chemistry panel which will evaluate any kidney dysfunction and to determine the
anion gap to calculate for any acidosis, hepatic function tests to determine degree of liver inflammation, and a serum acetaminophen level. An EKG
should also be placed on the patient to evaluate for any co–ingestants that may have affected the cardiovascular system.
3. At this time the patient does not require intubation or mechanical ventilation since his respiratory rate appears to be in the normal range of 12–25
breaths per minute and his oxygen saturation of 95% is within the normal range of 95–100%.
4. Anion Gap = Na – (Cl + HCO3) Anion Gap: 138– (103+16): 19 mEq/L. The anion gap reference range is 8–16 mEq/L and is elevated in this patient.
The increased anion gap indicates an increased amount of unmeasured ions are present in the blood. This patient most likely has a wide anion gap
acidosis, since there is decreased bicarbonate on the chemistry panel, but the clinician would have to confirm by ordering an arterial blood

West Virginia Public Broadcasting Case Essay
West Virginia has the highest rate for an overdose in this particular state. The heroin is an inexpensive drug to buy. Drug dealer can make their
money this way. This particular drug called Heroin gives you an internal rush it keeps you going for a couple hours. This website called West
Virginia Public broadcasting Levi says these rates are high because they started at a young age. Also Levi said "is too keep the kids interested in a
sport of some kind of activities is so they don't get hooked on this particular drug". (McCormick, 2015) Heroin has taken a heavy toll in parts of West
Virginia. The website called West Virginia Public Broadcasting Prosecutor attorney William Fell said Baltimore is the first heroinaddiction and then
Berkeley is the second highest heroin issues (Mccormick, 2015).The website called West Virginia Public Broadcasting said Officer Master said the
drug dealer is willing to drive to a larger city to get the heroin cheaper like the Pittsburgh District of Columbia or even Baltimore. (McCormick,
2015). This website called West Virginia Public Broadcasting said 'The drug dealers will go to Berkley to get new customers or to get more people
interested in this drug. Also the West Virginia Broadcasting mention Heroin Mass is up with person breathing system". (Vorhees, 2015). West Virginia
Broadcasting, Dr. Harman said When a person goes into an overdose, when they are brought to the hospital, they are given Narcan to bring them back
to a normal breathing

Naloxone : An Invaluable Medication Healthcare...
Naloxone is an invaluable medication in healthcare professionals ' arsenal. According to Pasero (2012), standardized protocol for initiating
resuscitation, naloxone administration, during an opioid–induced respiratory depression, is a must in every institution. As noted above Naloxone is a
competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, primarily mu opioid receptor. Hence, the binding of the naloxone to the opioid receptors prevents
attachment of opioids to the receptors. Therefore, the physiological effects of respiratory depression and apnea caused by opioids are entirely
reversed. Hospitals around the world have used naloxone to reverse the effects of opioid in one form or another. Moreover, several hospitals have
created a step by step approach to naloxone administration among deliberate acute opioid overdose patients as well as patients who use opioids for
analgesic purposes.
Simmonds (2015), implemented in England within National Health Service hospitals, proposed naloxone protocol to be used in adult patients, who
are in need of respiratory rescue due to opioid use. In addition, the protocol is approved for the usage in immediate reversal of the effects of acute
opioid overdose and or recreational usage. Simmonds proposed a step–by–step guide that started with the recognition of an unusually depressed level
of consciousness and respiratory rate of fewer than eight breaths per minute in a patient. Immediately after recognition, oxygen administration at 12 L
per minute

Prescription Opioids Overdose. Did You Know That 91 Americans
Prescription Opioids Overdose
Did you know that 91 Americans die every day due to an Opioid overdose and yet American's still report no relief of pain? Since 1999 the number of
deaths due to prescriptions opioid or heroin overdose has quadrupled (http://www.cdc.gov). Four out of five Americans turned to the black market for
heroin, which initially started as an opioid drug addiction. It is an American crisis, due to the number of individuals that consume oxycodone, which
accounts for eight–one percent of Americans (http://www.drugabuse.gov).
Opioids
Opioids are a type of drug that consist of a similar chemical structure as the illegal drug known as heroin and legally available through prescription
drugs known as: hydrocodone, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Naloxone is the drug of choice to reverse the symptoms of opioids overdose. The problem with opioids overdose, is that many individuals tend to mix
other medications that are also central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, muscle relaxers and other pain relievers.
Opioid Epidemic
Since 1999 to 2015 more than 183,000 people have died in the United States from overdose involving prescription opioids (www.CDC.gov). The
number of deaths in the US, involving prescription opioids, has nearly quadrupled. The number of opioids overdose nearly equaled the number of
deaths involved in a car accident and, surpassed gunshot homicides (www.CDC.gov). Death ages range from 45–years of age to 64–year–olds, and is
highest among non–Hispanic whites, American Indian and non–Hispanic blacks. Kentucky was dealing with at least 50 overdose cases per day. At the
National level, there are several states that had the highest unintentional deaths due to opioids and are predominantly rural states, such as West
Virginia, New Mexico, Utah, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Nevada, Kentucky and Tennessee (http://hhs.gov). Canada has become the second largest
consumer of prescription opioids to the United States. Since 2007, 47,000 per year are due to drug overdose, and the numbers continue to grow. In
2015 has been a record high, in opioid overdose. Many doctors liberally

Persuasive Essay On The Opioid Crisis
Opioids are taking over the United States with its addictive composition, once patients are take opioids there is no escaping. The drug directed
from opium which is obtained from a plant (Katz). Opioids are most commonly found in prescription pill from making underground sales more
common. Since opioids are derived from a plant this makes the reality of home grown drugs more of an issue. American citizens overdosing on
opioids is what is sparking the crisis because opioid "overdoses killed more people last year than guns or car accidents" (Katz). Opioids are
extremely addictive and that is why so many citizens overdose on these types of drugs. After patients become hooked on opioids their body constantly
is needing more and more opium to escape they pain they think they are enduring. The overdosing of Americans is not a small percentage of the
population either, it is estimated that "over two million people in America have problem with opioids" proving this growing issue is an ongoing
crisis (Katz). The United States government needs to take action immediately to the opioid crisis because doctors are overprescribing patients
because they seemingly overreact to pain, and opioids are one of the most addictive drug types in the world. The opioid crisis is not just now
becoming an issue, but recent numbers of overdoses are raising even more concern and attention. The issue is with how citizens deal with the
crisis because opioids are finding their way into the wrong hands. The crisis is so severe that "everyday more than 90 people die overdosing on
opioids" ("Opioids"). That number will only grow if nothing is done to stop people from overdosing. The entire opioid crisis started from patients
misusing opioid medicines. In the year 2015 alone "33,000 Americans died from opioid overdose" ("Opioid"). So many Americans fall victim to
opioids and they can become extremely addicting. Once a patient's body is exposed to opium, the body will then adjust to needin opium by the larger
quantity and patients will soon take more and more causing an overdose. Unfortunately, synthetic drugs are on the rise (Katz). Fentanyl is a prime
example of a synthetic drug that is taking over America by storm. It can be mass produced in a

"Sports Will Either Be A School Of Virtue Or A School Of
"Sports will either be a school of virtue or a school of vice, and that 's why the epidemic of cheating in professional sports is, and ought to be, a huge
cultural concern" (Landry, 2012, para. 1). Professional sports are littered with cheating scandals and as technology advances so will access to new and
clever techniques. There are many ways to cheat in sports, such as fixing games, placing bets on teams, lying about your age, and the biggest one of
them all, taking performance enhancing substances. Doping is a matter of great public concern, and equally as concerning, is doping procedures that
go undetected because they have been manipulated to slip under the radar. Studies show that placebos have powerful effects on strength,... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the day of the actual competition, one of the morphine teams, unknowingly received a saline solution instead (i.e. a placebo), while the other
morphine team received naloxone, a chemical that blocks the effects of opioids. Most notably, the team that received morphine during training and then
a saline injection on competition day, showed the greatest pain endurance. This included superior performance to one of the teams not given morphine
during training but only given a placebo injection of saline on competition day, thus showing the added benefit of pharmacological preconditioning
during training sessions. The team given morphine during training but naloxone on competition day did not show any greater pain endurance than the
other teams, revealing that the placebo effect experienced by the superior team was opioid–based (Benedetti et al., 2007).
These findings have profound ethical implications in sport where certain drugs, like morphine are banned during competition but not during training.
The results of the experiment support the theory that "placebos reduce pain by encouraging the brain to produce more natural opiates than usual" (How
to Cheat Without Cheating, 2007). Benedetti et al., (2007) claim that this method of morphine administration followed by a placebo on competition
day created "an opioid–mediated increase of pain endurance and physical performance" (p.576), even though no illicit drug was administered. The

Characteristics Of Naloxone Hydrochloride
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan, Evzio, Nalone, Narcanti, Narcotan, Prenoxad Injection,) Classification and Pharmacodynamics. Naloxone is a
competitive narcotic receptor antagonist that is used to prevent or promptly reverse the adverse effects of narcotics in overdose including sedation,
hypotension, euphoria, peripheral vasodilation, but most importantly, respiratory depression. It is also used to correct some of the dysphoric and
psychotomimetic effects of mixed opioid agonist–antagonist analgesics (i.e. Pentazocine, Nalbuphine or Buprenorphine). ItВґs an opioid antagonist
called pure because does not possess the agonistic effects characteristic of other narcotic antagonists, in other words, it won't produce respiratory
depression, psychotomimetic effects, pupillary constriction or dependence. This is essentially why itВґs considered a safe drug. Naloxone works by
competing for opioid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), displaces opioid molecules from them and finally binds to them. Primarily,
naloxone targets the mu receptors (which are primarily responsible for analgesic effects, as well as respiratory depression and opioid dependence) but
it also blocks kappa and gamma receptors, even though it has a lower affinity for them. Naloxone exhibits no functional pharmacological effects when
administered to patients who did not use opioids. On the other hand, it could precipitate acute withdrawal symptoms in chronic opioid users, provoking,
in many cases, a violent reaction. The dose of Naloxone is influenced by the dose of opioids taken; thus, the higher the dose of opioids is, the higher
dose of naloxone required to reverse the narcotic effects. Nevertheless, higher doses of naloxone produce more severe withdrawal symptoms in
dependent patients. Pharmacokinetics. When Naloxone is orally administrated, seems to be rapidly absorbed and inactivated due to a first pass
metabolism. Although the drug is orally effective to achieve complete opiate antagonism, much higher doses are required in comparison with
parenteral administration. Therefore, Naloxone is administered parenterally by the intramuscular (IM), intranasal (IN), intravenous (IV), endotracheal
(ET), subcutaneous (SC) or sublingual (SL)

The Center Of Disease Control And Prevention States, вЂњFrom
The Center of Disease Control and Prevention states, "from 2014 to 2015, heroin overdose death rates increased by 20.6%, with nearly 13,000 people
dying in 2015." Overdosing on opioids has drastically increased over the past few years and has caused many deaths. Throughout the United States,
many different cases are reported of individuals who have abused these dangerous opioid drugs. Heroin is known as one of the most common opioid
drugs which leads people to addiction and can consequently lead to overdosing. Using heroin on a daily base or taking high doses can cause
individuals slow down their heart rates, which is threatening to their body. Due to the recurring events of heroin related deaths and overdose, it is vital
for people to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Institute on Drug Abuse educates society by saying, "People who inject drugs such as heroin are at high risk of contracting the HIV
and hepatitis C (HCV) virus." Users can receive these diseases if they use the same needles with other people. Reused needles could have blood or
other fluids still on them from the previous user, which can carry out onto the next person and cause them to get infected with a disease. Another
cause of heroin addiction is the tolerance of one's body. It does not take much for an individual's body to adjust to heroin. NIDA states that, "Heroin
also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence." Eventually when the user intakes heroin, their body slowly adapts and learns
to tolerate the substance. Soon enough, the normal dose does not satisfy the user, so to receive the rush and euphoric effect, individuals would have
start increasing the doses they take. Increasing the doses that they take can begin to lead them to using too much and the individual may
unintentionally overdose. An additional factor that lures people towards heroin is the use of prescription opioids. People who are prescribed opioids
for health treatments may use these drugs to create the feeling of being high. Many have transitioned from using prescription opioids to illicit drugs
such as, heroin, because they are able to access it without a prescription and for a lower price. One site states, "The increased availability, lower price,

Drug Abuse On The United States Essay
Drug Abuse on the Rise in the Community "In 2014, nearly two million Americans either abused or were dependent on prescription opioid pain
relievers ("Injury Prevention and Control: Opioid Overdose," 2016.)" The CDC is now saying that the United States is in an epidemic. The purpose
of this paper is to explore the increasing drug use in the United States over the last decade. The primary focus is on the administration of opioid
analgesics and the addicting mechanisms of these medications, and what they are used for. It will talk about the deaths related to these medications and
the health effects, and the other types of drugs these medications can lead to, such as heroin. This paper will also talk about the costs related to opioid
analgesics in the hospitals and in the community, and what we as health care providers can be doing to help stop this epidemic.
Drug Abuse on the Risk in the Community
Opioid analgesics, also known as narcotic analgesics, and are used as pain relievers that act on the central nervous system; these drugs can have very
addicting mechanisms involved. "According to the centers for disease control and prevention, prescription drug abuse has reached "epidemic"
proportions, deaths from prescription drugs, particularly opioid analgesics, now vie with automobile accidents as the most common cause for
accidental death (Herzberg, Guarino, Mateu–Gelabert, Bennett, 2016)." Throughout the last decade there have been more deaths and addiction

Opioid-Related Overdose
Naloxone is an FDA approved overdose reversal medication. Naloxone is a prescription medication that when administered to an individual
experiencing an opioid–related overdose restores the individual to consciousness and normal breathing (NAMSDL.org, 2016). Naloxone is always
effective when administered correctly (NAMSDL.org, 2016). Since 2000, the drug overdose rate involving opioids has increased 200%
(NAMSDL.org, 2016). Treatment centers, physicians and first responders in the rural areas of the United States need more access to naloxone to prevent
opioid–related overdose deaths. The U.S Surgeon General Vivek Murthy stated, "People find themselves in overdose situations don't have to lose their
lives because family members or emergency responders don't have access to the reversal drug naloxone" (Wolf, 2016). Expanding access to rural areas
can save lives and prevent deaths. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author feels that rural areas are drastically underserved by addiction treatment centers. The surgeon general said, "If you focus on prevention,
some programs get up to $64 in return for every dollar invested" (Wolf, 2016). Medicaid–assisted treatment with guidance and counseling programs
would greatly help rural areas. The government spends $27 billion in health care expenses. The author feels with prevention and addiction treatment
centers specifically placed in rural parts of America, will help save government spending, reduce insurance costs and save many

Opioid Abuse Case Study
1Executive SummaryTo determine the best way of supplying naloxone (Narcan) to victims of opioid overdoseat Mason Public Schools, I first
confirmed that naloxone administration might benecessary on school grounds. By surveying the public, researching news articles, andconducting
personal interviews, I have determined that opioids are being useddangerously or illegally by Mason students and visitors to our schools. It is possible
thatsomeone will need emergency treatment with naloxone after overdosing on schoolproperty.Local teens and young adults are suffering from opioid
addiction. Some studentsexperiment with drugs and end up hooked. Others are prescribed opioid pain medicationand their addiction begins more
innocently. Local students have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Opioid pain medications and heroin use resulted in 131overdoses and 20 deaths in Jackson County in 2014. In 2016, the total number of drugoverdose
deaths is estimated to be at least 50. On average, five people are treated in theemergency room every day at Henry Ford Allegiance Health. (Jackson
County HealthDepartment, 2016).The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is seeing an "increase in unintentional fentanyl–related overdose fatalities in
multiple states, primarily driven by illicitly manufacturedfentanyl (IMF)" (CDC Heath Alert Network, 2016). According to a personal interview
Iconducted with Phil Pavona, Vice President of Families Against Narcotics in Okemos,Michigan, it is more profitable for drug dealers to make
fentanyl than it is to buy Heroinfrom other countries.Counterfeit pills containing fentanyl are being sold illegally on the streets "labeled asOxycodone,
Xanax, and Norco" (CDC Heath Alert Network, 2016). Phil Pavona, wholost his oldest son to heroin overdose in 2011, explained to me that by the
time drugsarrive in mid–Michigan they have changed hands many times and are often laced withIMF.According to Valley News Live (2016), police in
Bismarck, North Dakota, caution usersthat marijuana there is being laced with fentanyl and meth. "Fentanyl can be fatal ifswallowed, inhaled, or
absorbed through the skin" (Valley News Live, 2016). Fentanylhas also surfaced in marijuana in British Columbia (CBC News, 2015).Given that every
participant in my survey thinks some Mason students will smokemarijuana, the possibility of tainted marijuana arriving in this area is a serious
concern.Laced heroin, fake prescription drugs, and marijuana mixed with fentanyl are sold tounsuspecting drug

Persuasive Essay On Naloxone
I decided to write about a current issue involving the usage of Naloxone. There has been a debate going on for quite some time, about if all recue
responders should carry Naloxone and administer it to people who have overdosed. Naloxone is described as a drug like morphine or fentanyl, that
can cause an opposite effect of an opiate. It is either given by an injection or it can be done by a nasal spray. People debate that by administering this
drug to someone who has overdosed is allowing them to go the extremes of usage and that nothing is being done about treating the individual's
addiction. DRUGABUSE.COM reported that there is an estimated 78 deaths a day, caused by the opioid epidemic. Which has led President Trump to
recognize the severity of this epidemic, and push for more usage of the Naloxone. In hopes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1961, Fishman invented Naloxone. By 1962, aa company by the name of Sankyo in Japan, had applied for the patent and was able to receive it
in October 1963. By the year 1966, Naloxone was being more focused as a clinical drug than being available openly. In 1971, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), could license Naloxone in the United States. However, the usage for it would have to prescribed to people, only. By the
end of the seventies, people started to take notice and realize how great this medication was. By 1982, the John Scott award was given to Jack
Fishman and his partner Harold Blumberg, for the research they had done. (John Scott award is only given to inventions that can make a worldly
difference. And by 1996, a suggestion by John Strang was given, which was reported by the British Medical Journal, that Naloxone should be allowed
in homes. Not only did this happen in 1996, but the start of the pilot program. In which, it was in fifteen states and in Columbia. This program related
to the Chicago Recovery Alliance, which was the first program to provide

Persuasive Essay On Fentanyl
Once more, the lives of Canadians are being claimed by addiction and overdose of a new drug in the streets. For those of you who don't know what
fentanyl is, it's a powerful opioid, 100 times stronger than morphine, that is often prescribed to help patients manage moderate to severe pain. As a
highly addictive substance, many are now dependent on it, and it is one of the most frequent causes of drug overdose. Readily available for purchase
online are quantities of pure fentanyl from China, but when improperly diluted in clandestine labs, it can lead to an immediate overdose. Recently, an
antidote for opioid overdose called naloxone has become available without prescription, so that anyone can use it. Fentanyl has become a severe
problem in the past few years, and while we yet to find a way to eliminate dependence on this drug, we must keep those who use it safe.
Developed in 1959 by a Belgian chemist, Fentanyl came into widespread use in the mid–1990s as a painkiller and anesthetic. With the widespread
availability of this drug as a common prescription, it's not difficult to understand how easy it is to become dependant on. Here begins the problem, for
once their prescriptions run out, people need to buy drugs off the street to feed their addictions. Now, buying drugs off the street can be incredibly
dangerous, as drugs produced in illegal labs without a way to control dosage can be deadly. This is an especially big issue with fentanyl, because of its
potency; "A few hundred

Is West Virginia The Highest Rate For An Overdose? Essay
West Virginia the highest rate for an overdose in this particular state. The heroin is an inexpensive drug to buy, drug dealer can make their money
this way. This particular drug Heroin gives you an internal rush it keeps you going for a couple hours. Levi says these rates are high because they
started at a young age. Also Levi said "is too keep the kids interested in a sport of some kind of activities is so they don't get hooked on this particular
drug". (McCormick, 2015) Heroin has taken a heavy toll in parts of West Virginia. Prosecutor attorney William Fell said Baltimore is the first heroin
addiction and then Berkeley is the second highest heroin issues. Officer Master said the drug dealer is willing to drive to a larger city to get the
heroin cheaper like the Pittsburgh District of Columbia or even Baltimore. (McCormick, 2015). This website called West Virginia Broadcasting said
'The drug dealers will go to Berkley to get new customers or to get more people interested in this drug. Also the West Virginia Broadcasting mention
Heroin Mass is up with person breathing system". (Vorhees, 2015). West Virginia Broadcasting, Dr. Harman said When a person goes into an
overdose, when they are brought to the hospital, they are given Narcan to bring them back to a normal breathing relaxing stage. (Vorhees, 2015). The
doctor Harman said "will allow family members and friends of addicts to get a prescription for Naloxone" (Vorhees, 2015). Fire department Chad Jones
said (Mistich,

Heroin Withdrawal Case Study
Potential Complications of Heroin Withdrawal – Things to Watch
The symptoms of heroin withdrawal can be painful and unpleasant, but it is usually not life–threatening. There are still some complications to be aware
of. Since heroin withdrawal can cause nausea and vomiting, there is a risk of aspiration. This occurs when a person accidentally inhales their vomit,
and it can cause lung infections. Additionally, vomiting and diarrhea can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Proper nutrition and
hydration can help provide these issues though.
The most serious complication of heroin withdrawal is resuming heroin use. Heroin and morphine are responsible for over half of the overdose deaths
in the United States. Many heroin overdose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Counseling can be performed individually, in a group, or with a patient's family. The focus on counseling is to identify and change problematic
relationships and behaviors. Counseling may also utilize neurofeedback, a type of brain training that promotes healthy thinking and behaviors.
Diagnosis and treatment of co–existing mental disorders is an important part of recovery. Many individuals who suffer from substance abuse disorders
also have anxiety, depression, or another mental illness. Identifying and treating these disorders with medication and counseling reduces a patient's
likelihood of relapse.
Support groups are an excellent way for patients to find a helpful and understanding group of individuals to aid in their recovery from heroin addiction.
Narcotics Anonymous is an excellent option. Support from caring medical professionals as well as from friends and family can make all the difference
in recovery from heroin addiction.
The symptoms of heroin withdrawal can make recovering from a heroin addiction can seem like an overwhelming task. While the recovery process
isn't quick or easy, it is possible and very much worth the

Persuasive Essay On Prescription Drugs
Prescription drug misuse has seen some steady growing numbers in America throughout the last 10 years. Vashishtha Devish explains: "In the
USA, over 2.4 million people meet the criteria for severe opioid use disorder (OUD) involving dependence on opioid analgesic medications,
heroin, or both."(Device 1) According to StatNews if we don't do anything about this more than 650,000 people will die in the next 10 years from
opioid misuse. If we don't stop now, we may not be able to take control of this epidemic.(STAT 2) Dan Nolan and Chris Amico from PBS FrontLine
states: "In 1999, there were more than twice as many motor vehicle deaths as fatal drug overdoses. By 2014, those numbers had flipped, with
almost 40 percent more deaths from overdoses than car crashes." Heroin and other prescription opioids are the reason for an average of 27,000
deaths a year, more than triple the rate in 2000.(PBS 3) Opioids are medications that interact with opioid receptors in the brain and the spinal cord to
reduce pain in the body; also affecting the part of your brain that control emotion. Opioids have been used for centuries to treat pain, cough, and
diarrhea. Besides relieving pain, opioids activate regions in the brain that control pleasure. This causes the euphoria or high and therefore showing
potential for misuse and addiction. When taken, Opioids quickly attach to receptors in our brain and spinal cord and block the perception of pain, it
also floods your brain with dopamine; a chemical

A Brief Note On Heroin And Its Effects On The Body And...
Completing the Proposal
Dolores J Williams
MGMt605–1503B–01
Colorado Technical University
September 22, 2015
5. Heroin is a highly addicting drug that cause irreparable damage to the body and their families, here is the molecular structure of heroin(Image by
Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) More and more young adults have become victims of heroin overdoses in the past 10 years, why? In recent new
accounts, this crisis has been attributed to bad batches of this illegal drug coming from various sources. In Ohio the Heroin epidemic has put law
enforcement and law makers on the alter to combat this dilemma, by working with the community and other entity to safe guard the well being it
citizens.
6. This graph shows the increase in Heroin overdose in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2013, 195 individual became victims of this epidemic, with this the state
began to distribute the drug Naloxone which counteract the effects of Heroin, later in this proposal it will discuss exactly what law enforcement and
law maker have either proposed or initiated to elevate the lasting affects of this crisis. Over 25% of victim were female, victims from Cleveland
accounted for 97 of the mortality number, < 25% were between the ages of 19 to 29. And over 50% of the heroin overdose were related to individual
living in the suburbs (Blackwell, 2014).
7. This paper will discuss the Heroin epidemic that has gripped Northeast Ohio, and what strategies the state's law makers have initiated to combat the

Naloxone Essay
To help with the quick admission, intranasal administration is a convenience to those who have to administer Naloxone because intranasal Naloxone
has a preset dosage. While intranasal Naloxone is easier to administer, intravenous and intramuscular Naloxone administrators have a choice on the
dose to give. Advanced EMTs have enough knowledge to choose the dose ofNaloxone to give the patient to keep the patient alive. Intranasal was not
approved until November of 2015 when the FDA approved a highly concentrated spray form of Naloxone (Strang et al. 576). Intranasal administration
only allows one dose to be given compared to Intravenous administration which allows a more adjusted dosage of Naloxone to be given. According to
Ott, an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intravenous Naloxone reaches the brain two minutes faster than intranasal Naloxone, which could be the difference between life or death. However,
through an I.V., 100% of Naloxone reaches the brain. On the other hand, Strang, McDonald, Tas, and Day discovered that when intranasal Naloxone
is not administered at a 90 degree angle or the nasal cavity is blocked with vomit, Naloxone gathers at the back of the throat and is swallowed by the
Naloxone recipient (576). This means that when intranasal Naloxone is administered, Naloxone has to be administered repeatedly to fully reverse
opioid overdose. Often times, intranasal Naloxone is followed by administration of intravenous or intramuscular Naloxone. While using intravenous and
intramuscular administration, there is no way to slow the absorption of Naloxone.
Nevertheless, several studies have shown that intranasal Naloxone absorbs in the same amount of time as intravenous Naloxone when the
administrator accounts for the time Naloxone takes for an I.V. to be placed. Granted the absorption rate is slower for intranasal admission versus
intravenous, the nasal route still has a valuable blood supply allowing Naloxone to be absorbed efficiently (Robison and Wermeling 2131). Intranasal
administration is effective enough to reverse drug overdose. Intranasal administration can be repeated every three minutes and last for 180 minutes
while intravenous Naloxone

Narcan Persuasive Speech
The next step is dropping the death count. This could come in the form of the drug Narcan. Narcan is a drug that is to be administered (often in the
form of a nasal spray) to a patient suffering from an opioid overdose. Infact according to Senator Kirk, "we are now seeing a 100 percent success rates
from the lifesaving drug Narcan" (Kirk launches suburban anti–heroin task force 1 death every 3 days on average since 2012; using narcan during an
overdose was 100% effective in Dupage County, States News Service). This drug has proven itself to be a saving grace to those who have abused
heroin however according to Dr. Hamburg "FDA approval for intranasalnaloxone [Narcan] may be another eight years away. Following current trends,
an eight–year delay would result in another 1043 lives lost in Chicago's suburbs" (Kirk launches suburban anti–heroin task force 1 death every 3 days on
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this step isn't necessarily to cure the epidemic, but rather to keep it from becoming more catastrophic. This drug is not to be used as away
of getting people to stop using opioids in anyway, but rather just keep them from dieing when they do use opioids. Then those who have overdosed
can go get help from the types of programs previously mentioned. This is the most important step because it needs to be put into action immediately. If
this step takes as long as predicted then the epidemic will only be getting worse and far too many lives will be taken away yet again by opioids.
Although, "While DuPage County is the only county currently using intranasal naloxone, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will Counties are set to
implement plans to use both forms of naloxone in the coming months" (Kirk launches suburban anti–heroin task force 1 death every 3 days on average
since 2012; using narcan during an overdose was 100% effective in Dupage County, States News

The Effect Of Vivitrol On Opiate Addicted Patients
Review of Literature: Vivitrol is an intramuscular, extended–release formula of naltrexone (XR–NTX), which is given once monthly to detoxified
opiate dependent patients who wish to abstain from opiate use. Vivitrol is also used to treat alcohol dependent patients, but this paper will focus on its
effects on opiate addicted patients. Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist, which blocks the euphoric effects of heroin and prescription opiates by
binding to opiate receptors in the brain and blocking the action of the neurotransmitters. The Vivitrol injection releases naltrexone slowly over the
course of 4 weeks. The time–release system works by encasing the naltrexone in biodegradable microsphere–polymers, which break down at different
rates to maintain therapeutic levels of naltrexone over a 4–week period. Vivitrol suppresses effects such as euphoria, pain relief, sedation, physical
tolerance, and physical dependence. This medication, like other extended release injections, is designed to address patient medication–noncompliance.
It is recommended that patient have no opiates left in their system for a period of 7 days before starting a Vivitrol regimen. Vivitrol is generally well
tolerated with few adverse side effects. One study found the most common side effects to be pain at the injection site, nasopharyngitis, insomnia, and
hypertension (Syed, 2013). A clinical efficacy study of Vivitrol injection for patients suffering from opiate dependence was done in a 24
–week,

Naloxone
In recent years, the heroin epidemic has engulfed many American citizens, claiming the lives of more than 18,000 people between 2001 and 2014
(Overdose Death Rates). There is an ongoing controversy about whether or not the use of naloxone to reverse opiate overdoses is ethical.
Overdose–related deaths are concentrated among those most affected by opiate dependence; the poor, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals
cycling in and out of the criminal justice system (Bazazi). Naloxone, more commonly known as Narcanв„ў,is an opioid antagonist that counteracts the
effects of opiate overdoses and in most cases saves the user. The use of naloxone on heroin overdoses is extremely beneficial and should be utilized in
all parts of the United States. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Naloxone distribution programs recognize that drug use often continues after treatment efforts. Though treating substance dependence and stopping
substance abuse are the ultimate goals, interventions to reduce the negative consequences of drug use, such as death from opiate overdose, are critical
intermediary steps (Bazazi). In simpler terms, drug abuse can't be eliminated overnight, but steps need to be taken to reduce abuse so that eventually
the problem will diminish as more and more addicts seek treatment. Naloxone programs are meant to improve the health of an unpopular population.
Negative social perceptions of drug users and an abstinence–oriented approach to drug addiction limit the political will to promote harm reduction
interventions, with support for these programs often seen as supporters of drug abuse (Bazazi). With the stigma on drug users ranking low on social
priorities, it is unethical and quite frankly repulsive to allow single minded view on the harms of drug use to overshadow an opportunity to save human

Naxalone Research Paper
When the nation is facing a problem, we expect law makers to jump into action and save us through use of police officers, regulations, and new laws.
We as citizens fail to see the price tag associated with fixing problems until there is a raise in taxes. In the United States there have been 183,000
overdose deaths related to opioid use between the years 1999–2015 (Opioid 2017). With such a prevalent epidemic sweeping the United States it is
hard to believe that there is no solution. The fact is there is a solution, just an extremely expensive one. If we put intranasal Naxalone into the hands
of police officers across the United States we will see a lowering in opioid overdose deaths, with a price tag of around $480,000,000. When we talk...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first version of Naxalone, an intramuscular injection was approved by the FDA in 1971 (Henderson 19). Part of fixing the epidemic of opioid
overdoses is governed by the FDA but they have done everything they can. The national government has more opportunity to control price and
distribution of Narcan then the FDA. The first way to control price, is to put in price controls. This is often done by the government during war time.
The problem with this would–be infringement on free market capitalism. The second option offered by Gupta, Shah, Ross in their article "The Rising
Price of Naxalone–Risks to Efforts to Stem Overdose Deaths", is a contract with the national government. The national government has the power to
contract supplies, medications, and weapons from private businesses for a set price. This means that the government would pay x amount for x amount
of naloxone. As discussed by Madah–Amiri, Claussen, and Lobmaier in the article "Rapid Widespread Distribution of Intranasal Naloxone for
Overdose Prevention" the government is not funding the spread of naloxone, but rather private interest groups are through use of grants. This then
means that the government would have no grounds to set prices, or establish contracts. Unless distributing naloxone became a government program.
The bill then would fall onto the shoulders of tax payers. The current price tag on the naloxone is $480,000,000. That number is

Prescription Drug Abuse : A Grave Epidemic
PRESCRIPTION DRUG ABUSE: A GRAVE EPIDEMIC
James Fey
East Tennessee State University
Appalachia is a cultural, highland region of the southeastern US, containing the Appalachian Mountains, extending from Alabama up to Pennsylvania
(CDC, 2010). Given its hallmark high poverty, low educational attainment and geographic isolation, the Appalachian region is a vulnerable priority
population at a heightened risk for prescription drug abuse (CDC, 2010). As previously alluded to, the burden of opioid abuse and overdose deaths is
substantially higher in Appalachia than other areas of the U.S. Since 1996, an increasing number of programs have provided the opioid antagonist
naloxone hydrochloride, the method of choice to reverse the potentially fatal respiratory depression caused by overdose of heroin and other opioids
(CDC, 2010). Community coalitions, law enforcement, concerned friends, families and good Samaritans alike have each asserted that naloxone's
virtually untapped potential to save lives is enormous. Adding further standing, naloxone is on the World Health Organization's (WHO) model list
of essential medicines and is described as, "a safe drug with a low risk of serious side effects" and that "any adult capable of learning basic life
support can also learn to recognize an opioid overdose, and administer naloxone in time to save lives." Another benefit is that naloxone is extremely
cheap; available at less than $2 a dose in many countries
Conversely, access to

The Heroin Epidemic Of New England
I see it all the time, on the news, in the newspapers and on the streets of Providence. Talk of the heroin epidemic always seems to be in my face.
Often, I see the people plagued by this epidemic. I see them pacing and puffing on cigarettes waiting outside of the clinic just a couple minutes down
the street from me. I see them panhandling at intersections with their cardboard signs. I sometimes see discarded needles in the streets downtown.
Sometimes I catch myself trying to pretend that I do not see these things or these people. It's not something people want to think about, it is very
unpleasant. These people almost seem to be forgotten by society. They are theheroin addicts of New England.
They almost seem to exist in a parallel world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I spoke with a good friend of mine Robert Ramos about this issue. He is a recently retired, 17–year veteran of the Attleboro Police Force in
Massachusetts. He stated the problem is that with the addition of Fentanyl, a painkiller, heroin has gained an increase in popularity and has become
more fatal. Overdoses from heroin laced with the painkiller Fentanyl jumped to new levels across New England over this past year.
Many articles I have read say that both law enforcement agencies and state officials suspect that the rise of heroin abuse is due to many reasons.
One theory is that because local and federal drug agencies have been shutting down illegal prescription pill mills, and that drug abusers that were
hooked on prescription opiates are seeking out cheaper alternatives such as heroin (Kounang, 2015). "Heroin seems to be the drug of choice right
now for a number of reasons. Users can inject it, they can snort it and it's very, very inexpensive and easy to obtain. We're are seeing that it is cheaper
in Providence than it is here in Massachusetts." stated Ramos when I asked him why it's so popular. In my opinion, one thing is clear. Both national
and local authorities are making an effort to combat this growing issue. They are not turning a blind eye to this epidemic.
The Providence Police Department is definitely not turning a blind eye to this issue. In

Naloxone Research Paper
Administration There are three formulations of naloxone available outside of the clinical or hospital setting: intramuscular (IM) injection, needleless
intranasal (IN) spray, and an auto–injector. Both IM and IN formulations are generally sold in kits that include two doses and two delivery devices.
Each IM injection kit should include two naloxone 0.4 mg/ml vials and two IM syringes. Each IN kit should include two naloxone 2 mg/2 ml prefilled
syringes (needleless) and two atomizers. Either formulation kit should include step–by–step instructions for responding to an opioid overdose, as well
as detailed instructions for device assembly and administration (Figure 3). Naloxone also comes in a twin–pack IM auto–injector (Evzio), which
provides voice instructions for use. Although convenient to administer, it is a more expensive alternative than the IM or IN kits, as it is brand only
(Table 3). Naloxone, in any formulation, does not work if administered... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It starts with prescribing the lowest dose and shortest duration that your patient needs. Make a plan with the patient to discontinue the opioids as
soon as possible. Discuss ways to properly store and dispose of the medications so that other people won't have access to them. Prescription Drug
Monitoring Programs (PDMP) are additional tools for prevention of opioid misuse. Educate patients on the risk of overdose when taking opioids with
depressants like alcohol and benzodiazepines and that naloxone can be used to reverse an overdose until emergency medical help can

Drug Review : Drug And Management Of Alcohol Dependence Essay
Assignment 2: Drug Review Essay: Drug Name: Naltrexone
PART A– RESEARCH ESSAY (Maximum 7.5 pages)
Introduction
Naltrexone, better known by its marketing name ReVia (names– Depade and Vivitrol also common), is an opioid receptor antagonist used heavily in
treatment and management of alcohol dependence. Originally synthesized and patented by a small pharmaceutical company namely "Endo
Laboratories" in New York, it acts as a competitive reversible antagonist to the opioid receptor– a group of G–Protein Coupled receptors distributed in
the Brain, spinal cord as well as the digestive tract and are often associated as the part of the brain that cause a person to feel 'euphoria' induced by
narcotics and alcohol [1]. Promoted as a remedy for opioid addiction the drug was developed originally for the treatment for addictive narcotics such as
morphine, heroine & oxycodone. Naltrexone shares most of its chemical structure with oxymorphone, and comes under the class of opioid receptor
antagonist drugs such as Naloxone, Nalorphine etc. It is administered generally in its tablet form. Metabolism happens predominantly on hepatic sites
and limits the bioavailability to a very high extent. Principal excretion takes place via the urine.
Naltrexone treatment is just a part of combination of drug therapy, counselling and critical support to lead an alcohol free lifestyle. Oral administration
in its salt form Naltrexone hydrochloride combined with psychosocial therapy was found to decrease

Naloxone Distribution : Ineffective Way For Deterring...
Naloxone Distribution: Ineffective way to deter opiate overdose
Clarisse Goue UW–Madison School of Nursing
2017
Naloxone distribution: Ineffective way to deter opiates overdose
In the United States, (US) the death from the use of opioid overdose has been increasing drastically. According to the National Institution on drug
abuse, the number of deaths from opioids overdose has increased from 10–15k in 2002 to 30–35 in 2015 (NIH, 2015). This epidemic has become a
global public health concern (Wermeling, 2013) since the number of death (69,000) has been increasing world widely each year (WHO, 2014). In
response to this growing epidemic, community–based programs have been providing opioid antagonist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These goals would be accomplished by increasing funding to provide education to the clinician who prescribes opioid, create a mentoring program,
functional family therapy and drug courts to help the community.
The easy access of Narcan may encourage opioid overdose in the US. In Ohio, for example, the rates of naloxone administration have increased 38%
from 2003 to 2012 (Massatti, 2013). Diagnoses of opioid addiction and abuse increased almost 330% from 2001–2012 (Massatti et al., 2014). This
surge in opiate addiction correlates with the increase in naloxone usage. Moreover, there is concern that untrained persons lack the knowledge to
recognize an overdose, which leads to a misuse of resources (WVU–ICRC, 2013). Naloxone is typically administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or
subcutaneously (Clarke and Dargan, 2002). The activity of naloxone may cause a complete reversal of narcotic effects. This sudden change could
result in acute withdrawal syndrome, which involves, nausea, vomiting and more severe symptoms such as tachycardia and cardiac arrest (DailyMed,
2013). Therefore, naloxone should be carefully administered to people who are suspected or recognized to be physically reliant on opioids. A patient
who has responded well to naloxone should be continuously monitored, since the duration of action of some opioids may be greater than that of
naloxone

Symptoms And Treatment Of 911
A 55–year–old mother of 3three is brought to the emergency department shortly after being found lying on her bed by her neighbor. They usually have
coffee in the afternoon and when her friend did not answer the door, her neighbor let herself in. Upon finding the patient, the neighbor called 911. First
responders reported numerous bottles of medications next to the patient's bed, but mistakenly did not grab them. In the emergency department, the
patient is is lethargic and disoriented to person, place, and time. Her husband and three children have not arrived and a clear past and present medical
history cannot be taken. The patient begins to become restless and mumble incoherently and intermittently loses consciousness. Physical Examination:
Vital signs: Blood Ppressure: 120/78 mmHg, Hheart Rrate: 92 beats/min, Rrespirations: rate 15 breaths/min, O2 Soxygen saturation: 97% on room air
General: not Not oriented to person, place, and time, acute distress secondary to intoxication Head: nNormocephalic, atraumatic Eyes: Pupils equal,
dilated, and reactive, sclera anicteric Mouth: mMucosa dry, no exudate, erythema, lesions, thrush, or jaundice Cardiac: rRegular rate and rhythm, no
murmurs, rubs, or gallops; no JVD, thrills, or heaves; PMI non–displaced at 5th intercostal space Respiratory: nNormal breath sounds present in all
lung fields; no wheezing, rattles, crackles, or rhonchi Gastrointestinal: soft, non–tender, non–distended; bowel sounds present in all four quadrants

Facts About Heroin And How They Influence Social Workers...
Facts about Heroin and How They Influence Social Workers
Drugs can be found everywhere we look. Various types of drugs have been portrayed in one perspective or another throughout history. Movies, books,
TV, musicians, artists, actors, as well as news channels have all displayed the severe consequences of substance abuse. Among the plethora of drugs
available to people, perhaps the worst one is heroin. It has a variety of street names. But no matter what you call it, be wary as it is a merciless fiend.
Heroin is a rapidly growing problem affecting everyone. Children, adults, teens, families, schools, businesses, and entire states are feeling the pressure
of the epidemic. It is being reported several current abusers initially used controlled prescription drugs (CPDs) (U.S. Dept. of Justice DEA pp. 6).
Adults are to becoming addicted to prescription drugs such as OxyContin, Vicodin, as well as, Fentanyl to name a few.
These drugs, along with heroin, are all in the opioid class. They all achieve the same effect on the body. They do this by binding to molecules on
cells known as opioid receptors. This action can cause the feeling of pain to subside, along with increasing the feeling of being relaxed and happy.
People are consistently turning to heroin, because it is cheaper and easier to gain access to on the streets. Federal laws are being tightened, new rules,
as well as regulations, are increasing; and the cost of prescription medications are consistently rising.

Informative Speech On Opioids
Informative Speech Outline
Introduction
I.Attention Getter: Many of us know firsthand what opioids do to people. I bet everyone here has had a call where drugs of any kind where used in
the wrong way, especially opioids.
II.Motivation for Listening: But have you ever wondered how they get to the point where they need medical attention, and if this problem could have
been prevented?
III.Thesis Statement: Today, I will inform you on what opioid do to their victims and possible solutions to the problem.
IV.Preview of Speech: I will identify the problem, discuss what opioidaddiction does to people, and discuss possible solutions to the problem.
V.Transition: First, I will identify the problem.
Body
I.First Main Point: Last month president Trump declared the opioid epidemic a public health emergency (Merica, 2017). This goes to show that the
opioid problem is a huge deal in the United States and it should be treated so.
a.Analysis: According to the Center for Disease Control, in Florida, there was over 3,200 deaths from opioid overdoses, and opioids account for the
most overdose deaths in the United States ("Opioid Overdose," 2016).
b.Analysis: Opioids are a class of drug that are medically used as very effective painkillers, like fentanyl and morphine, however, they are highly
addictive and produce a feeling of euphoria ("Opioids"). This combination leads do a lot of abuse and dependency, where people take more than
prescribed in order to feel better. People start off taking the opioid painkillers in order to not feel pain as prescribed by their doctors. Then, they end
up getting addicted to them. There are also illicit opioids, such as heroin, that are also highly addictive and also lead to dependency and death
("Opioids"). These illicit versions are taken for recreational reasons, and are also often mixed with other drugs. The combination of taking an
unregulated drug in conjunction with other drugs leads to a lot of overdoses.
c.Transition: Next, I will talk about why people get addicted to opioids and what they do to the body.
II.Second Main Point: As mentioned before, opioids are highly addictive, but why? Why don't people just stop taking the drugs when they realize they
have a problem? The

Drug Overdose Problem
Drug Overdoses Are A Major Problem In Michigan
Despite the fact that there has been a lot of awareness raised about the dangers of drug overdoses, the number of drug overdose deaths in Michigan
continue to grow. A report released in 2013 showed that the drug overdose death rate was 4.6 per 100,000. In 2013, the rate of people suffering fatal
drug overdoses was 13.9 per 100,000. This means that there were three times as many fatal drug overdoses in 2013 than in 1999.
Illicit Drugs Are Not The Only Problem
Illicit drugs are typically come to mind when people think about someone who has died from a fatal drug overdose. While illicit drug use is a cause
for concern, it is not the only problem. In fact, the number of people dying from a prescription

Controversy Over Administering Naloxone Hydrochloride
Nina Tinsley
English 510/ Legal and Protective Services
Mrs.Taintor/ Mrs.Bastien
November 16th, 2016
The Controversy Over Administering Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan)
Technically, Narcan is defined as a synthetic congener of oxymorphone, a potent antagonist of both endorphins and narcotics. In layman's terms,
Narcan is used to treat opiate overdose to reverse coma and respiratory depression; included in formulations of pentazocine to reduce the risk of abuse.
In layman's terms Narcan is a narcotic antagonist, that blocks the brain 's
opioid receptors and reverses the process of an overdose. Naloxone Hydrochloride, has the potential to save a life or enable an addict. It's all up to
how one would interpret the use of Narcan and it's benefits to society. Narcans sole purpose is for the emergency treatment of a opioid overdose.
Although naloxone hydrochloride is a life saving narcotic antagonist, many health and law enforcement professionals believe the drug enables addicts
to avoid withdrawals and the long road of recovery.
A heroin overdose blocks signals from the brain to the lungs, stopping a victim's breathing (Daner). Naloxone infiltrates the brain cells and rejects the
heroin's response from blocking opioid receptors allowing the signals to reach the lungs again reversing the patient 's respiratory depression, causing
the act of breathing to resume. Narcan does this rather quickly, because it is lipid soluble. Reversal of respiratory depression is evident

Naloxone Essay
Lowering Opioid Overdose Fatalities by Making Naloxone Available Over–the–Counter
Last year there were over 64,000 reported opioid–related deaths in the United States – making it the leading cause of accidental death in people under
the age of 50 in this country (Katz). Opioids, also referred to as painkillers, have become a growing problem over the past two decades particularly in
rural communities all across the country where the death rates are higher per capita compared to the death rate in cities ("America's Opioid Epidemic
is Worsening"). These narcotics, such as codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine and oxycodone are extremely addictive and, as a result, this silent
killer has quadrupled the overdose death toll since 1999 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2015, the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality estimated that 2 million people 12 years of age and older were addicted to
prescription pain pills (Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use). Therefore, it was no surprise that on October 26, 2017, President Trump
declared the opioid epidemic a national public health emergency. Trump stating that, "We can be the generation that ends the opioid epidemic."
Not only is the number of deaths attributed to opioid abuse staggering, the stigmas associated with opioid addiction are also concerning. Opioid
addiction does not discriminate. White, black, young, old, male, female, or social–economic class – the opioid crisis is affecting our neighbors, friends,
and family in large numbers.
Many people believe that drug addiction is a moral issue and that the user can stop taking drugs at their own free will. According to Baltimore City's
health commissioner, Dr. Leana Wen, "The biggest misconception that people have about opioid addiction, and any addiction, is that it is a choice that
individuals make. Therefore the implication is that if someone is addicted, it's a moral failing – if they end up dead, it's their fault... (Newman)."
Although opioids are legal when prescribed by a doctor or dentist, there is a chance of exemplary people with moderate to severe pain unintentionally
becoming hooked on this extremely addictive drug. People who become addicted to drugs feel guilt, embarrassment, and

Effects Of Adolescent Addiction On Adolescence And Local...
Addiction in Adolescent Years The essay concerns itself with the questions Addictions in Adolescence. Wong, Hall, Justice, and Hernandez, 2015) state
that adolescence distinctly determined by the beginning of puberty. The professional also allude that early onset of puberty is most likely to partaken
in dangerous activities such as multiple sex partners, alcohol dependence, and inappropriate adaptive styles. In this essay, I will discuss my finding of
current contributions and treatments of adolescent addictions, the likelihood of spiritual development on adolescence and local and the United States
news about adolescence drug or alcohol stories. The prevalence of adolescence addictions furthermore other viewpoints being considered, analyzed and
treated. It is very import that counselors have a greater understanding of one's development process in able to be competent enough to provide quality
service to their clients.
Contributes and Interventions of Addiction in Adolescence While researching for contributions and inventions of in adolescences, I saw several
empirical articles involving adolescences addictions. The article I chose to for this portion administered more than one viewpoint, analyzed several
tools, and utilized more than one treatment. The article was about some practitioners researching the adolescent alcohol disorders and the great
correlation of morbidity and mortality. Perepletchaikova, Krystal, and Kaufman (2008) used 32–assessment tool falling

Drug Abuse And Prescription Opioid Painkillers
In the United States, more than 2 million people suffer from substance abuse disorders that correlate with use of prescription opioid painkillers. Over
the past 15 years, overdose deaths due to prescription opioids have more than quadrupled. One of the underlying causes is the over prescription of
pain relievers by physicians. This was demonstrated in 2013, with the writing of 207 million prescriptions for opioid pain relievers.
Opiates can be classified as natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic. Heroin and methadone are the two most commonly used opioids in the United States.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse classifies the following drugs as the most commonly abused prescription opioids including: fentanyl, meperidine,
and methadone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Northeast drug markets receive wholesale quantities of heroin supplied by Columbian TCO's. Columbian traffickers will also utilize both the Mexican
and Dominican organizations for further transportation and distribution of heroin to target cities along the east coast. Columbia and Mexico together
account for more than 90% of the heroin supplied to the United States.
The definition of narcoterrorism was first created in 1983 by former Peruvian president Belaunde Terry who described the terrorist attacks made against
the Peruvian antinarcotics officers. Over the years the definition of narcoterrorism has expanded. The DEA defines narcoterrorism as a subcategory of
terrorism in which terrorist groups or known affiliates participate either directly or indirectly with the making, manufacturing, transportation, or
dissemination of controlled substances including the monies resulting from these activities. Traditionally the war on drugs and the war on terror have
been treated as separate entities. Narcoterrorism combines these two concepts from a deeper understanding that drug trafficking and terrorism are
interconnected. Both the terrorist and narcotics organizations emphasize privacy and concealment from law enforcement because it is essential for the
survival of both organizations. The chances of both organizations interacting are high due to the criminal nature of their activities. The

The Drug Policy Of Opioids
To: Micheal Botticelli,
Director Of National Drug
Control Policy
From: Shimira Gardner
National Drug Policy
Date: December 2, 2015
Subject: Opioids
"More than 16,600 people a year, die from overdoses of drugs, including Methadone, Morphine, and Oxycodone (OxyContin) and Hydrocodone
combined with Acetaminophen (Lortab and Vicodin)" stated Consumers Report. Thedrugs listed above are all examples of Opioids. They are
individual drugs that launch endorphins to the central nervous system which controls pain and relieves the severity of pain felt or silences it. Opioids
also generate a sense of exhilaration and a calmness which is a product of the Analgesic effect. That feeling is one of the main reasons why people
abuse opioids, they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With so many people overdosing and abusing opioids, it became a huge concern for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After too many
situations with opioid abuse,"Opioid Abuse Prevention And Treatment Act of 2015" was introduced in house. There was not just one court case
involving prescribed opioids but a few. Most cases leading to an overdose of opioids.
In 2014 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo of New York signed a legislation built to help create better and more treatment options for opioid andheroin
addicts. As well as reinforce penalties for those who do not comply. Governor Cuomo also increased public awareness campaigns across state.
Decreased overdoses across the state of New York was an important project for Governor Cuomo.

The FDA has taken action to help eliminate the abuse of opioid drugs. They consented to abuse deterrent labeling for a few opioid drugs. These
drugs used many different technologies to resolve the abuse issue. Such as making the drugs immune to crushing or dissolving so it will prevent drug
users from consuming more than prescribed at a time. The FDA is also supporting the growth of more abuse deterrent drugs, by helping different
manufactures. In spite of the fact, these drugs can still be abused, but it's a start to creating more abuse deterrent drugs with less risk of abuse. In
addition, FDA exceeded the old treatment for patients who have overdosed

Literature Review On Opioid Overdose
OPIOID MISUSE AND ITS PREVENTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
As it is known, the opioid misuse is one of the major problems in the USA (Huhn et al., 2018), compared to the other substance use disorders. The
number of the cases of opioid overdose registered slowly rises permanently (Coffin et al., 2017), and different approaches to the solution of this
problem are developed. The present literature review gives an overview of three peer–reviewed studies which are dedicated to different aspects of
opioid misuse prevention and describe situation and possible solutions of the high–risk groups. The first publication is focused on the treatment and
prevention of opioid overdose among people who have already experienced this state. So, the second article discussed problems and organization of
emergency medical care for patients with opioid misuse, and the last one is dedicated to the education and prevention of possible cases of opioid
misuse. The goal of the present literature review is to analyze and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, number of these cases is usually less significant than ones which were associated with opioid misuse combined with other substance
use disorders. In the present case, the main way of prevention of the opioid misuse is education of the persons who can potentially misuse their drugs
and providing them with full and detailed information on dosage and adverse effect of their medication. Two methods of education about opioids and
their effects were discussed in the article by Huhn et al. (2018). The main purpose of the study was to compare educational method which consisted
from Presentation and one which included Presentation and Mastery. The hypothesis suggested by the authors stated that Presentation+Mastery
education should be more effective, whereas both methods should be accepotable for the population

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