The document discusses different types of computer network architectures and topologies. It describes peer-to-peer networks and client/server networks, and notes advantages and disadvantages of each. The document also covers different network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh, and the pros and cons of each. Finally, it discusses the differences between workgroup and domain network models.

1. COMPUTER NETWORKS
Prepared by
S.Sabari Giri Murugan
Faculty G2-Grade
KL University
SESSION II
Types of Network Architecture- Peer-to-Peer & Client/Server,
Workgroup Vs. Domain. Network Topologies, Types of
Topologies, Logical and physical topologies, selecting the
Right Topology

2. TYPES OF NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
Session 2

3. TYPES OF NETWORKS - PEER-TO-PEER
 Good for small
environments, usually up to
10 computers
 No dedicated network
administrator
 Each computer must have
specific permissions assigned
 Sharing resources can
become a problem if the
computer with the resource
is down
 Security is a serious issue
3

4. TYPES OF NETWORKS - CLIENT/SERVER
 A server has a special
Network Operating system
(NOS) to help provide
resources to multiple users
 Client/Server environments
usually have one or more
network administrators
 Problems can include access,
security, and integrity of
data
 Backups are needed in this
environment
4

5. PEER-TO PEER NETWORK (CONT..)

6. CLIENT/SERVER
NETWORKING (CONT..)

9. NETWORK TOPOLOGY
 A topology is a way of “laying out” the network.
Topologies can be either physical or logical.
 Physical topologies describe how the cables are
run.
 Logical topologies describe how the network
messages travel

10. TOPOLOGY
 Topology: physical or logical arrangement of
devices
10

11. FULLY CONNECTED MESH
TOPOLOGY
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12. FULLY CONNECTED MESH
TOPOLOGY
12
 Pros:
 Dedicated links
 Robustness
 Privacy
 Easy to identify
fault
 Cons:
 A lot of cabling
 I/O ports
 Difficult to move

13. STAR TOPOLOGY
13
 Pros:
 One I/O port per device
 Little cabling
 Easy to install
 Robustness
 Easy to identify fault
 Cons:
 Single point of failure
 More cabling still
required
Hub

15. BUS TOPOLOGY
15

16. BUS TOPOLOGY
16
 Pros:
 Little cabling
 Easy to install
 Cons:
 Difficult to modify
 Difficult to isolate
fault
 Break in the bus cable
stops all transmission

17. RING TOPOLOGY
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18. RING TOPOLOGY
18
 Pros:
 Easy to install
 Easy to identify fault
 Cons:
 Delay in large ring
 Break in the ring stops all
transmission

19. PROS & CONS
Topology Advantages Disadvantages
Bus Cheap. Easy to install. Difficult to reconfigure.
Break in bus disables
entire network.
Star Cheap. Easy to install.
Easy to reconfigure.
Fault tolerant.
More expensive than bus.
Ring Efficient. Easy to install. Reconfiguration difficult.
Very expensive.
Mesh Simplest. Most fault tolerant. Reconfiguration extremely difficult.
Extremely expensive.
Very complex.

20. NETWORKING MODELS
 Two networking models:
 Workgroup
 Domain
20

21. WORKGROUP VS. DOMAIN
21
 Workgroup
 Peer-to-Peer
Environment
 Effective for small
environments
 Security is a problem
 Domain
 Client/Server
Environment
 Effective for larger
environments
 Network administrator
has control

22. WORKGROUP MODEL
 All computers are equal
 Also known as peer-to-peer
 Each computer maintains own set of
 Resources
 Accounts
 Security information
22

23. WORKGROUP MODEL (CONTINUED)
23

24. DOMAIN MODEL
 Centralizes all shared resources
 Single point of administrative and security control
 Simpler to manage from administrative and security
standpoint
 Requires at least one domain controller (DC)
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25. DOMAIN MODEL (CONTINUED)
25

26. INTRANET, INTERNET &EXTRANET