INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

2. What is power in interpersonal
relationship
Principles of Power
Types ofPower
Communicating Power

3. . Power is the ability of one
person to influence what
another person thinks or
does.

4. • Power influences what you
do, when you do it, and with
whom. It influences your
choice in finding friends,
romantic partner and family
relationships

5. Principles of power
and influence
– Some people are more powerful than others
– Power can be shared
– Power can be increased or decreased
– Power follows the principle of less interest
– Power generates Privilege
– Power has a Cultural dimension

8. •
Power Can Be Shared
Some people argue that power must
be preserved, share them with other
people then we have eliminate most
of our power. But some people
contend that by dividing power, with
empowering others, then in fact we
had to grow/increase power us.

9. • Everyone can increase
their power in some
ways, but also, power
can be decreased

10. • Meningkatnya kekuatan dapat dilakukan dalam
berbagai cara, mempelajari cara negosisasi dan
mempelajari prinsip komunikasi untuk
meningkatkan efektifitas daya persuasif
• Menurunya kekuatan seseorang dimana
mereka gagal untuk mengendalikan situasi
maupun gagal mengendalikan perilaku
seseorang seperti yang diinginkan

11. • Inany interpersonal
relationship,the personwho
holds the poweris the oneless
interestedinand less
dependent oncontrolled bythe
other person., the lesspower
that a personhas in it.

12. Power Generates Privilege
Power generating privilege:
the existence of power
means having the primary
right and by using power
easy to break them

13. • Dalam budaya amerika pria
memiliki kekuataan lebih
besar karena menghasilkan
uang lebih banyak. Dan
memiliki otoritas mengambil
keputusan
• Namun, budaya Arab Pria
membuat sebuah keputusan
bukan berdasarkan
penghasilan uang, tetapi
lebih karena lelaki diberi
kekuasaan yang lebih besar
dibanding wanita (lelaki itu
imam bagi wanita)

14. Base of power and
influence
1. Power in the relationship
2. Power in the person
3. Power the message

15. • Referent
• Legitimate
• Expert
• Informationand persuasion power
• Reward and coercive power

17. • The power over others
when they believe you
have the right to influence
or control their behavior. ,
because you have a
position, for example in
workplace.

18. • Power over others
whenthey see you
have the expertise
in somethingor
knowledge.

19. • Power over others when
theysee you as having
theabilityto
communicatelogically
and persuasively.

20. • powerover othersif youhave
the abilitytorewardthem,
rewardsmaybematerialor
social.
• powerover otherswhen you
havethe abilitytoadminister
punishmentsorremove
rewardsif othersfail toyield
toyourinfluence.

21. Power in the person
• There are an awful lot of
power/potential that resides
in a person as a person,
depending on the credibility
he had so trustworthy and
deserves to be followed by
others.

22. • a. competence : person's who has knowledge
and expertise is that where other people see
it. ..
• b. character. People will see You as someone
who is credible, if they see you as someone
with high moral character, someone who is
honest, and someone they can trust.
• c. Charisma: is a combination of innate
personality or strengths developed the views
of others in one's self

23. • Speaking power
• Nonverbal power
• ListeningPower
• Compliance Gainingand Compliance
Resisting

24. • Powerfulness or powerlessness of
people arecommunicated through
the speech.
• Thereare powerless forms of speech
such as
– Hesitations
– Intensifiers
– Disqualifiers
– Tag questions
– Slef-critical statements
– Slang

25. general verbal strategy :
• Direct request : suatu strategi yang secara umum dilakukan
oleh laki” dan perempuan yang lebih banyak memiki
“power” ex : can you get me a cup of coffee?
• Bargaining-promising : kesepakatan dalam melakukan
sesuatu jika orang lain juga melakukan hal yang sama
• Ex : I’ll clean up if you to cook.
• Ingratiation (mengambil hati) : mengharuskan bersifat
ramah agar mendapatkan apa yg diinginkan
Ex : kamu menulis sangat” baik”, dengan maksud ingin dibantu
mengedit makalahnya
• Manipulation : membuat orang lain merasa bersalah,
sehingga berhasil mencapai tujuan yg dimaksud
• Ex: aku akan ada di acaramu jika kamu ingin aku ada disana

26. • Ability of people to persuade
and influence others through
nonverbal communication such
as:
– Gestures
– Eyecontact
– Facial Expression
– Clothes

27. • We also communicate
power through listening,
by listen actively to
people. Focus and
concentrate on what is
being said, on what
people say they want or
need.

28. • Compliance gaining
strategies:
– Tactics aimed at
influencing others to
do what you want
them to do.

29. What are compliance
gaining strategies?
• Compliance gaining is a term used in the social
sciences, specifically in sociology and communication
studies.
• To identify the act of intentionally trying to change
behavior.
• The term refers to how people try to get other
people to DO things, or comply. Compliance is
separate, but not unrelated to persuasion.

30. • Altercasting (Negative):
• Try to get others to comply by pointing out
that only a bad person would not do what is
wanted. That is, try to gain their compliance by
noting that only a person with negative
qualities wouldn’t comply.
• Example:
The mark of a bad person is someone who steals,
so quit doing it.

31. Altercasting (Positive)
• Try to get others to comply by pointing out that a
good person would do what is wanted. That is, try
to gain their compliance by noting that any person
with positive qualities would comply.
Exmple :
• One could say, “A good friend would do this.
Or
Positive communication regarding individuals, or
optimistic examples of positive affirmation.

32. Aversive Stimulation
• Trying to get others to comply by
doing things they don’t like until
they agree.
• Example : I keep making Sammie’s
life miserable until he does what I
want.

33. Assertion
• The most common strategy type I would
think is Assertion.(pernyataan)
• Trying to gain their compliance by
demanding (commanding) them to
comply.
Example:
just do it now!

34. Altruism
• Getting others to comply with your demands
by asking them for a “hand out”, or doing
something out of the goodness of their heart.
Examples:
Please have pity on me, I need help!
or
• I’m in big trouble, I need help.

35. • Compliance resisting
strategies:
-Tactics that enable you to
say “no” and to resist
another person’s attempts to
influence you

36. • Empat Prinsip/Cara untuk Menolak
1. Identity management : Yaitu cara menolak dengan merubah imej
permintaan tersebut dimata orang tersebut. Misalnya: a) “Kamu tahu materi
ini lebih baik dari aku, kamu bisa membuat tugas yang lebih baik dari milikku”
(positif) b) “Ini tidak adil kenapa aku harus meminjamkan tugasku kepadamu”
(negatif)
2. Nonnegotiation : Dengan secara langsung menolak Misalnya: “Tidak bisa,
aku tidak akan meminjamkan tugasku ini”
3.Negotiation : Tidak sepenhnya menolak, tetapi dengan memberi sebuah
syarat yang harus dipenuhi Misalnya: “Aku akan meminjamimu tugasku tapi
bukan untuk disalin”
4. Justification : membuat penolakanmu menjadi benar dengan mengatakan
apa konsekuensi jika patuh atau tidak Misalnya: “aku takut akan ketahuan,
dan aku tidak lulus mata kuliah ini” atau “ Kau akan sangat senang
mengerjakan tugas ini, ini penuh dengan kesenangan”

37. Misuses of power and
influence
• it was Fun we know and
believe that the forces that
usually holds for control to
seek the good of all. But in fact
the power is often used as a
selfish and unfair

38. • Sexualharassment
– Quid Pro Quo
– Hostile Environment
Harassment

39. QuidProQuo :(sesuatuuntukbeberapahal )
• Dalam quid pro quo pelecehan, kesempatan kerja
(seperti dalam perekrutan dan promosi) tergantung
pada pemberian nikmat seksual.
quid pro quo pelecehan juga melibatkan situasi
berbagai konsekuensi negatif dapat disebabkan oleh
kegagalan untuk memberikan pelayanan seksual
tersebut.
quid pro quo pelecehan terjadi ketika mempekerjakan
konsekuensi pemerintah (positif atau negatif) sebagai
engsel pada orang respon terhadap kemajuan seksual.

40. Sexual Harassment
• Recognizing Sexual
Harassment
1. Is it real?
2. Is it job related?
3. Did you reject this
behavior?
4. Have these types of
messages persisted?
Avoiding Sexual Harassment
1. Begin with the
assumption that
coworkers are not
interested in your sexual
advances, jokes, or
stories.
2. Listen and watch
negative reactions to
any sex-related
discussion.
3. 3. Avoid saying or
doing anything offensive
in behavior.

41. Hostile Environment Harassment
• Pelecehan dalam lingkungan yang tidak bersahabat
jauh lebih luas dan mencakup semua perilaku
seksual (verbal dan nonverbal) yang membuat
pekerja tidak nyaman.
Misalnya, menempatkan gambar seksual eksplisit di
papan pengumuman, menggunakan screen saver
seksual eksplisit, menceritakan lelucon seksual, dan
menggunakan bahasa seksual serta merendahkan atau
gerakan semua merupakan pelecehan seksual.

42. Sexual Harassment
• Responding to
Sexual Harassment
1. Talk to the harasser
2. Collect Evidence
3. Begin with
appropriate
channels
4. File a complaint
5. Don’t blame
yourself

43. • Power play
is are patterns (not isolated) of
behavior that is used repeatedly
by one person to take unfair
advantage of others (Steiner,
1981)
• Power play aims to deny
your right to make your own
choice and comes in many
forms.

44. Power plays
• Identifying Power Plays
• Responding to Power Plays
– Express your feelings
– Describe the behavior to which
you object
– State a cooperative

45. Identifying Power Plays
--“Youoweme” :(kamu berhutang)
disini orangsecarasepihakmelakukasesuatuuntuk andadan
menuntutbalasannya
--“You’vegotto bekidding!”:seseorangmenyerangdengan
menganggap pernyataanoranglain hanyasebuahlelucon
(ekspresitidakpercayasehingga oranglainterkesanbodoh