1. Novel Word Condition
Materials During the experiment, children will be sitting on a small chair by a small table located in
a quiet room, where an experimenter will present two pictures of females wearing differently
colored shirts (black and white). The informants' physical appearances, such as hair color and facial
expressions will be matched. During the training trial, four pictures of familiar words will be used
for the participants in the familiar word condition (e.g., little, silly, asleep); four pictures of novel
words will be used for the participants in the novel word condition (e.g., meager, doltish, dormant).
During the subsequent testing trial and generalization trial, four pictures of novel words (e.g.,
momentum, lexicon, sufficing) will be used, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The researchers could investigate children's preference by manipulating the social identity (e.g.,
native accent versus foreign accent) of the informants, or do so by manipulating the length of the
definition (e.g., short versus long definitions).
References
Chouinard, M. M., Harris, P. L., & Maratsos, M. P. (2007). Children's questions: A mechanism for
cognitive development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, i–129.
Corriveau, K. H., & Kurkul, K. E. (2014). "Why Does Rain Fall?": Children Prefer to Learn From
an
Informant Who Uses Noncircular Explanations. Child development, 85(5),
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
2.
3. The Pros And Cons Of False Confessions
Is a man guilty until proven innocent or innocent until proven guilty? Many times during court
procedures the idea of a man being innocent until proven guilty is thrown out the window. Most
commonly, eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, and government misconduct have led to
an unjust trial, automatically assuming the accused guilty. However the continued use of informants,
and its inability to be curtailed, has led to a growing number of wrongful convictions. Even though
judges attempt to keep trials fair and just to guarantee the accused's rights, incentives continue to be
given by prosecutors and police officers to elicit false testimonies from informants and put an
innocent man behind bars. There are many incentives behind false informants coming forward and
giving distorted statements including bribery, the promise of a reduced sentence, and coercion.
Testifying falsely in exchange for an incentive – either money or a sentence reduction – is often the
last resort for a desperate inmate. For someone who is not in prison already, but who "wants to avoid
being charged with a crime" (The Innocence Project), providing false testimony may be a desperate
measure to avoid incarceration. Although illegal, threats and coercion are also ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The growth in the sheer number of informants reflects the "increasing dependence of police and
prosecutors on informants" (Natapoff). Because investigations and cases rely so heavily on
informants, protecting and rewarding informants has become an important part of law enforcement.
More fundamentally, police and prosecutors become invested in their informants' stories, and
therefore may "lack the objectivity to know when their sources are lying" (Natapoff). This
phenomenon explains in part why snitch testimony generates so many wrongful convictions: it
permeates the criminal system and there are few safeguards against
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4.
5. Jailhouse Informants Case Summary
After reading the case study summary it can be seen that there are many problems with the
investigation of Ron Williamson and Dennis Fritz. This section focuses on how jailhouse informants
were used in unethical way to get a conviction. Jailhouse informants were one of the main reasons
as to why Ron and Dennis were convicted. Giannelli (2007) states, in his article that jailhouse
informants should be removed from the courtroom due to their unreliability. There are many causes
as to why jailhouse informants should be removed from testifying. The first, is credibility of the
informant, as seen during the testimony jailhouse informant's testimonies were fabricated. The key
witness Terri Holland was going to face her third felony when she supposedly heard Ron
Williamson confess of the crime. However, this testimony should have been challenged by the
defense because she did not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, when Ron was interrogated he was not informed of his rights. By this time as well the police
knew Ron mental status of being Schizophrenic and did not provide him with legal council. In the
article written by Kassin et. al (2010) they state that people with lower IQs or suffering from mental
illness suffer from lack of impulse control, but can remain susceptible to police interrogation. As
seen when Ron confessed about his dream about Debbie Carter. Dennis Fritz, who was completely
competent, did have too much faith in the system. Kassin et. al. (2010) goes on to talk about how
people who are false accused tend to believe the truth will come out and the police would believe
them. However, the problem with this line of thinking, which Dennis had, was at this point police
treated Dennis like a suspect rather than a witness. Which means Dennis waived his rights to silence
and a lawyer and spoke freely (Kassin et al.,
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6.
7. M Y Second Point And One Of The Most Important Parts Of...
M y second point and one of the most important parts of being an informant ..."MOTIVES" motives
can play a big part in a criminal case. See some informant are criminals themselves. As a matter of f
act most informants are criminals, so with that being said, some of them have cases pending. So
with having a case pending, some chose to make a deal with the police in hopes of getting their
sentence reduced by bringing other criminals to the table. Which means more communications for
the judicial system. Which is a lose/win for the informant because he still has to do time. Though it
might not be as much when they choose to work with the police. In some case the motive is jealous
y, there is an old saying "There is no honor amongst thieves." Which still till this day reigns true.
See, from the criminals perspective they see themselves going down and others who are doing the
same thing not going down. It 's a slap in the face, so they choose to use their criminal influence to
info trait the other criminals before they even know that a familiar face is working with the cops. In
some cases they already know some individuals operation. Well, so it 's not hard to give up what that
individual is doing. Some informants were criminals or just got caught again and don 't want to go
back to prison. So to maybe not go back they give up some people to take the heat off them. It is
said that once you 're in the system most likely you 'll always be in the system.
Then there 's another type
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8.
9. Dry Labbing Case
for dry labbing and adding drugs to clean samples. Dry labbing is the act of supplying fictional yet
plausible results in lieu of performing an assigned experiment (http://yourdictionary.com). How can
you prove that it is heroin in Michael's system if you have people tampering with the evidence? This
is never a good sign because that means that all the evidence in the case would not be able to be
used because of a person messing around and moving important evidence in a case. This is similar
to a situation that happened in Massachusetts where a drug chemist Annie Dookhan was arrested for
tampering with evidence. When people tamper with evidence, it raises questions about labs and the
trustworthy of analyst examining evidence. The NAS report ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On December 23, 1991 Willingham's home caught on fire with his three babies stuck in the house.
There was immediate suspicion about what happened because he did not go back in the house to
find his children. All of his actions that occurred before and after the fire lead him into being a
primary suspect. When Willingham was in prison an informant named Webber came forward saying
Willingham admitted to setting the fire, he was sentenced to death. Later on toward his execution
day Webber came forward again and admitted to lying. He said that Willingham never confessed to
him and that he was innocent. February 17th came and that was Willingham execution date. After
hiring an arson specialist evidence came back and showed that he was innocent but it was too late.
This is a perfect example on how taking informants serious is not always a good idea. The informant
lied just because he was being offered something by one of the police officers. Because of the
informants lies this man was sentenced to death and died an innocent
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
10.
11. Mark Whitarce In The Informant
The Informant Storyline and context We are introduced to the character Mark Whitarce who is an
important character in the movie because he is the informant. Mark and coworkers were involved in
a serious matter of price fixing of lysine meaning that the company he works for Archer–Daniels–
Midland (ADM) and its competitors from a lot of places would set up meetings to fix prices
together, which is an illegal act. So Mark decided to go to the FBI to tell them what is happening
within the markets of Lysine. Mark showed off a general concern because he stated that he wanted
justice to be served and more than ever he wanted the price fixing to stop. He worked with the FBI
to gather information and to give the FBI proof of what is going on. So ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to take over ADM so he went to the FBI, so tell them about what the company and the
competitors are doing by fixing the prices of Lysine, he acted as if he cared about justice but he
didn't, he did a good deed for he's own selfish reasons. Mark is like a tragic hero in my eyes because
he leads himself to he's own downfall, but he did a good thing on the way but he also did something
equally bad. Mark is the reason why the government were able to actually to stop a lot of companies
from price fixing, saving millions of dollars but yet he had stolen from the company, which he kept
lying about. He is a father of three and has a wife. He is an obsessive liar and he lies about almost
everything. He lied about how he's parents died in a car accident and how he was adopted by a
wealthy man who owned Amusement parks, he lied about how much he stole from ADM, because
he keeps on changing the value that we don't really know the real amount because is not trust
worthy. But he was able to help the FBI to gain all the evidence they needed to tackle the problem of
price
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12.
13. Police Informants
To snitch or not to snitch, that is the question. For decades law enforcement agencies across the
world have used informants to help put criminals behind bars. Unfortunately, the use of informants
has had little effect on lowering crime rates in areas where crime runs rampant. In the article by
Alexandra Natapoff, titled, "Bait and Snitch: The High Cost of Snitching for Law Enforcement," she
discusses how informants do more harm than good at helping the war on crime. After doing some
research on the topic, I would have to agree with Natapoff's belief because the use of informants has
handicapped law enforcement agencies. Also, the informants themselves, are dangerous and the use
of them has negatively affected communities.
The use of informants in law enforcement has caused problems in law enforcement agencies. Police
have come to overly rely on informants to help capture criminals, and doing this has caused them to
use less more effective tactics. For instance, going undercover or doing sting operations. Some law
enforcement agencies seem to favor some informants over others, and that has caused informants to
be suspicious when working with them. In some cases, officers have even befriended their
informants and have worked together to commit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the informants that law enforcement agencies work with have criminal backgrounds and has
been to jail multiple times. To avoid harsh sentences or avoid going to jail entirely, criminals will
willingly provide law enforcement with information. Unfortunately, some of the information that
has been provided by the criminals have turned out to be incorrect or even made up. Allowing the
criminals to go free in exchange for information has given them no reason to want to become law–
abiding citizens. They continue to commit crimes, and some have gone on to do even more severe
ones; in some cases, this has allowed them to become high–ranking members of criminal
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14.
15. Cancer Pain
Major themes associated with this study included: cancer pain, emotional pain, spiritual pain, pain
management, and barriers to pain management.
Sources of cancer pain were difficult to express and localize. Pain was illustrated through
storytelling. More traditional informants (older, married, self–employed artists, spoke traditional
language at home) had a more difficult time expressing their pain with conventional pain
assessments than less traditional AIs (younger, divorced or never married, female, English speaking
in the home).
Emotional pain encompassed feelings of sadness, depression, existential pain, and frustration or
anger with cancer, cancer treatment, and the cancer journey. Deep sadness stemmed from
experiencing the end of life. Frustration, aggravation, and emotional fatigue resulted from cancer
coping and management. Emotional distress resulted from those who felt their physical pain placed
limitations on their ability to think about anything else. Emotional suffering was the reality of living
with cancer and cancer pain. Informants expressed feelings of responsibility to their families and
communities; part of this responsibility included abstaining from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Only 6 of the informants were on regularly prescribed pain medications. Those on opioids took
formulations that included an NSAIDs. Acetaminophen was most commonly used for over the
counter pain management. Non–pharmacological interventions used for pain management included
prayer, massage,elevation, distraction, visualization, warm compress, position change, nutritional
supplements (vitamin B6 ) for neuropathy, etc. Informants frequently described that they wanted
their personal experiences to be kept to themselves so not to seem vunerable, and the expression of
pain was a sign of weakness in the community. Informants also expressed an aversion to taking pills,
especially opioids because of the foggy side
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16.
17. Confidential Informants And Secret Informants Essay
Synopsis
Confidential informants have been helpful for many years in helping law enforcement capture
criminals. Confidential informants are useful because they help law enforcement conduct
information on criminal involvement by wiretapping, recordings, and videos. Although, confidential
are helpful to law enforcement it comes with a cost of them potentially risking their lives because
they are working with the police and getting others arrested. According to Alameda County district
attorney office, "using informants to obtain information has been known as "dirty business"
(Le.alcoda, 2016). These individuals are targeted by criminals because they are known as snitches,
rats, narcs, turncoats, among many other names. As the old saying goes "snitches get itches", this is
true for confidential informants. Confidential informants are vital because they are considered to be
law enforcement most effective tool. In order to protect confidential informants, their identity is kept
secret to protect them against contribution from those involved in crime. In addition, most
informants are involved in criminal activity themselves. Law enforcement gets their best
information from individuals that have the knowledge about the crimes or been involved in crime.
According to Sergeant Clay Akon's, of Shelby County sheriff officer says, "80 to 90 % of their
informers have become informants following an arrest (Moore & Monier, 2010)." The reason these
individuals become informants is because
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18.
19. A Cultural Informant Was My Brother
My cultural informant was my brother. Although my brother that is part of the gay community, I was
unaware of how the community functioned. My brother is 18 years older than me so by the time I
was old enough to understand what the LGBT community was, he had already moved out of the
house. I did not realize he was gay until several years after he moved out and I found out by a
comment he made about a male looking attractive to him. At that age, I realized that maybe my
brother was gay. I picked my brother as my informant because I felt he would have a lot of
experience to draw from and I felt he would be comfortable talking about his oppressions openly to
me. My brother defines his identity and membership in the gay community as the typical gay
spectrum. For instance, he is attracted to men and has sex with men but does not identify with being
a woman. There is a stereotype within the gay community that if you are gay, you must identify
yourself similar to how a woman would. Instead of being a chosen member, he feels you just fall
into the community for identifying yourself gay. It 's one thing to be gay and be involuntarily put
into that community, but another thing to be around gay men within the community. My brother
explained it this way, "there are gay men that do not interact with other gay men even if they are part
of the community because that you need to do voluntarily". He stated that he is part of the
community involuntarily but voluntarily surrounds himself
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20.
21. Essay On African American Informants
women as necessary and essential but there was distrust of noncaring professionals and barriers to
such care; and 4) folk health beliefs, practices, and indigenous health care providers were widely
used by women in the African American community. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996) This research
consisted of key informants and general informants. These general informants were leaders in the
community, granny midwives and African American and European American health care
professionals. These general informants came from the clinics and hospitals where key informants
were from. The key informants from each region were women who were either pregnant or had a
baby within in a year preceding the study. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996) During this study, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Family was always there and those close to the key informants. It was stated in ways such as "She
stayed with me until everything was over". "Grandmama stayed the whole time". This was a
correlation with the connection to the elder family members in the south and how that was
incorporated into care during pregnancy. In the urban areas, closeness was still expressed; however,
this closeness was more likely linked to friendships or young relatives. Again, in the rural south, but
in the urban north as well, religion and closeness to God was evident in describing the social
structural factors of spirituality. Closeness to God was there, however, the informants did not
necessarily have an affiliation to any particular church. Most of the discussion was centered around
a belief in God. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996) The personal closeness to God is expressed significantly
in the south. Comments such as "I just started talkin to God about it" , "God takes care of people"
and "Don't want anything to control me except Jesus". Although not as openly expressed in the
urban north, most of the discussions relating to social structural factors did center around their belief
in God. This closeness and spirituality allowed the African American women in both geographical
areas to face life with calmness. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996) Another research article from the Journal
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22.
23. Confidential Informants And Criminal Investigations
This chapter provides insight on controversial issues troubling the criminal justice system, such as
the use of confidential informants, three strikes laws, life without parole, and sex offenders, which is
no doubt relative to prison overcrowding in the United States. The most question raised is which
issue has been the most detrimental to this nation and should be eradicated immediately?
This question is relatively difficult for me to answer, because I think they equally contributed to the
prison overcrowding collectively. However, to pick one, I would choose "confidential informants
and war on drugs." Law enforcement agencies around the United States heavily depend on the use
of confidential informants when conducting criminal investigations.
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24.
25. Ethical Issues In The Movie The Informant
The movie I picked to watch is The Informant. I had not seen any movies in the list, but I
remembered the previews looking decent for this one, so I picked it. The movie starts out with the
main character, Mark Whitacre, telling his boss that he got a phone call from a Japanese guy about
someone who works at ADM sabotaging their product. From that Mark started talking to the FBI
about the ADM and its competitors were price fixing corn and became and informant. Throughout
the movie when Mark was talking to his bosses or the FBI he would be narrating random thoughts,
like underwear or ties. The FBI found out that Mark was receiving kickbacks from the company so
they started to investigate him. At the end of the movie it came out that Mark was bipolar and he
was charged with 45 counts of criminal misconduct. Mark received 9 years in prison and his bosses
received 3 years. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes it seems like things are small, and it really doesn't need to be brought up. According to
Boatright (2012) though, this is a dangerous rationalization. He states "a belief that the activity is
within reasonable ethical and legal limits–that is, that it is not "really" illegal or immoral" (p. 15).
The problem with this is that it is rationalizations like these that sociologists who study crime find
and call "neutralizations". Boatright describes this neutralization as "the one that was following a
higher dusty of loyalty (I had to proteck my friends)" (p.
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26.
27. James Checksfield As A Controlled Informant: Case Study
Primary issue: Did the IRS acted ethically for using James Checksfield as a controlled informant?
Other issues: Did James Checksfield violated the accounting profession?
Conclusion: The IRS action was morally wrong because it diminished trust between the client–
accountant relationship and public trust in the accounting profession. Although Checksfield has a
moral obligation to report a fraud regarding his client, he turned over the confidential report to the
IRS without his client permission, which was against a Missouri law.
Background facts and other relevant information:
Checksfield was hired by his close friend, a special agent of the IRS, to work as a controlled
informant. At the same time Checksfield was recruited, the IRS investigated
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28.
29. Anderson Center Interview Essay
On this field exercise I conducted four interviews with people that I met in public spaces. The first
three people I interview were in Bush Memorial Library. Their names were Tristan, Mohamed, and
Alison. The fourth person I interviewed was Andrew who I met in Anderson center. Of these four
people I recieved a few different answers to the assigned questions that I had asked, but the overall
theme of the responses was fairly similar. For the first question, in addition the the standard question
I also had the informants tell me what time it was. This was because I wanted to see if anyone would
give me an answer that was uncommon such as military time, none of them did. However some did
give me more specific answers such as adding in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The answers were limited to two major categories they would either spend the trying to make
themselves more productive, or they would use the extra time to increase the amount of sleep that
they receive. Sleep appeared to be a common trend among all of my informants. None of my
conversations directed them to talk about sleep, and its relation to time, but all of my informants
ended up talking about it. I believe that all of my informants gave me accurate information with one
exception. I had some slight difficulty with Tristan because he seized the opportunity to give me
some sarcastic answers, but aside from that I think I was able to get his genuine responses after
some careful prodding. Lastly, I journalized my own schedule for a day to see how I allocated my
time. I began tracking my day immediately at midnight. To me, this felt like a fairly average day. I
was able to accomplish everything I needed to, and still manage to get eight hours of sleep, and even
have personal time to relax. After analyzing the activities that I had in a 24 hour period I think that I
have an adequate amount of time in my day. If I had more time in the day than I would most likely
spend it on non–productive
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30.
31. The Informant 's Language Of Spanish
The informant's language of Spanish can affect the grammar of English Acquisition. For example,
Part Four focused on phonetics. Distinguishing different languages by using phonetics is important
because it allows teachers to examine the differences between the sounds of source and target
languages and explain this difference to learners. In Part Four, we noticed one of the dialectical
differences between the English language and the Spanish language. The difference is that the
Spanish language has accent marks in the letters. Accent marks are essential to how we pronounce
words. This was also shown in Part Six. While observing the translation of sentences between
Spanish and English, my partner and I noticed that some words were changed in Spanish to include
accent marks. Accent marks change the letter sounds. They help to determine how a letter is
supposed to sound in words. For example, "The white mouse at bread and crackers" translates to "El
ratón blanco comió pan y galletas". Another dialectic difference that we came across was the
different alphabet. The Spanish alphabet contains letters that the English alphabet does not such as:
ch, ll, ñ, and rr. Lastly, the Spanish language also appears to have a shorter sentence stress than the
English language. Our informant said the words in her native language and during that time she did
not elongate the vowels instead, she said them rapidly. In addition to how Spanish Grammar could
affect English acquisition, Spanish
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32.
33. The Informant Movie
Summary of the movie The main point of the movie is that it is based on a true story. The movie the
informant is basically about one of the employees named Mark Whitacre in a company called ADM
and in the movie The Informant and he has bipolar which is a mental disorder, in which he
sabotages his own company by leaking information to the FBI then turning to his employers and
saying that there is an informant in the company. This movie is centred around lies and manipulation
for money, as the main character creates false truths to get the FBI to side with him as he siphon's
money out of the company by stealing checks, creating deals and organising his own meetings with
the company's clients. Throughout the movie we see this character named ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
And also, for the owners, employees, suppliers and competitors and government. As in the movie
where ADM helps the community by ensuring that their products are not infected and are of the best
quality in the community. Another example is the interest of the owners (Dwayne and Mick
Andreas), employees (Mark Whitacre, Mark Cheviron, Terry Wilson and Kirk Schmidt and Liz
Taylor), suppliers (the people who provide them with corn) for the business to do well so they can
get better payments, salaries and ROI and the competitors, (Japanese, Europeans) it will ensure they
keep everything above par and do honest business towards their customers and give consumers the
quality they deserve. Unlike the price fixing they were doing. Social Responsibility in terms of the
Government as they collect taxes, which are then used to better the communities and the country,
and this eventually goes back to even help the businesses because if the country's infrastructure
grows or becomes better the economy does well and so do the companies. There are repercussions
for tax evasion as we see the main character Mark being sent to prison for tax evasion amongst other
crimes. In South Africa, you have to pay the amount due and you face prison
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34.
35. Voices Of Informants
Listening will be a very big part of our responsibility as future gerontologist. We had the assignment
of being a person–centered listener during week 8 and this assignment helped me be more attentive
when listening. This week, we are reading The Voices of the Informants, which explores Erikson's
eight psychosocial themes in the experiences of elders moving through old age. According to
Erikson, Erikson & Kivnick, "Burdened by physical limitations and confronting a personal future
that may seem more inescapable finite than ever before, those nearing the end of life cycle find
themselves struggling to accept the inalterability of the past and the unknowability of the future, to
acknowledge possible mistakes and omission, and to balance consequent despair with the sense of
overall integrity that is essential to carry on. (p.56). These are the issues that older adults faces and
when we take the time to listen to the elderly, they will appreciate that someone HEAR them.
According to Rogers, "If I can listen to what he can tell me, if I can understand how it seems to him,
if I can see its personal meaning for him, if I can sense the emotional flavor which it has for him,
then I will be releasing potent forces of change in him." (p. 332). As we listen, we are learning
because the voices of the elderly are full of wisdom as we see when we read the Voice of the
Informants. Sometimes the answers to the questions we have about that person is in the stories they
tell. I often ask myself how I can prepare myself to be a great gerontologist, the answer lies in being
a great listener and learning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She would sometimes say in her Jamaican dialect, "Raf, if you can't hear, you will feel!" I did not
understand what she meant until I got older. She would say things like "don't play on the stairs", but
we would play anyways until five minutes later when one of us got hurt she would say, "If you can't
hear, you will
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36.
37. Key Informants Characteristics
Table 3 shows characteristics of the seven key informants. Informants had an average continuous
process improvement experience at least 22 years with majority of their health care experience being
in large academic tertiary hospitals and military hospitals. All of the informants were formally
trained in LSS and achieved the certification level of Master Black Belt. In Lean Six Sigma
programs, the Master Black Belt certification level is the highest level attainable and symbolizes
mastery of LSS topics and experiences in leading large–scale LSS process improvement projects
(Gygi, Williams, & Covey, 2012). Key informants provided six common themes to barriers that
impacts sustainability of LSS improvements in health care, and are explained below. These six
themes were categorized further into two main topics: lack of leadership commitment to drive a
culture of quality and inadequately trained and unqualified LSS practitioners to execute LSS
projects in health care. Barriers Related to Lack of Leadership Support There were three themes that
described how the lack of leadership commitment to drive a culture of quality contributes to a
breakdown in project success in sustaining the improvement gains of LSS projects. Insufficient
Leadership Commitment and Support ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Informants also mentioned lack of leadership engagement and commitment is a major barrier for
any transformation initiative and directly applies to LSS success, because without it, LSS programs
lack critical success factors such as continuous process improvement (CPI) governance that drives
project sponsorship, continuous performance monitoring and evaluation from leadership of LSS
projects, and investment in the people through robust training and recognition
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38.
39. Home Invasion Case Summary
– This was a significant motion by an informant to supress his subpoena. – The motion was brought
about with regards to the limitations of the waiver for confidential informant privilege. – The
informant was detained on October 31, 1999 for a home invasion. – Subsequently after his
apprehension, he gave a statement to the police connecting three people to the home invasion. – The
informant pled guilty on November 25, 1999 in Youth Court. – Because of his plea, his declaration
implicating the co–accused was never given to his counsel. – His counsel discovered that the
informant was considered to be a confidential informant on March 21, 2001. – The three suspects
were detained on charges involving the home invasion in 2000. – Their initial inquiry was held in
April ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– At that point, the Crown provided the defence counsels' the original statement from the informant.
– The Crown declared that he planned to call the informant as a Crown witness. – On February 15,
2001, the officer in charge went to the house where the informant was serving his open custody
portion of his sentence for the home invasion. – The officer and his partner, questioned the
informant as to where his mother was living, as they wanted to subpoena her for trial as a material
witness. – The informant did not want to tell the police where his mother was living, but specified
that he wanted to be subpoenaed for trial and was discouraged that he had not been subpoenaed by
the defence. – He stated to the two officers that he was concerned that his friends would go to jail
for something they didn't do. – The officer advised him that if he was subpoenaed, his statements
would be disclosed to the three accused. – The informant responded to the officer by responding,
"Whatever". – The two officers had not decided as to whether to subpoena the informant when they
left the
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40.
41. Federal Bureau Of Investigation And Its Legal Implications
Federal Bureau of Investigation takes all cases of alleged terrorist activity seriously, and they
thoroughly investigate each case. According to Roth (2014), "instead of seeking solely to identify
individuals who are actively engaged in criminal conduct, now agents also have deliberately sought
to identify individuals who might be willing to aid acts of terrorism, even if they are not currently
involved in such activities" (p. 981). The vagueness of the term "willing" and its legal implications
can hardly be exaggerated. Law enforcement professionals from the Federal Bureau of Investigation
have developed sophisticated mechanisms to obtain valid evidence that a person or a group of
people has the intention to act as terrorists. The use of confidential informants has become a gold
standard in investigating these cases, but not all law enforcement professionals can meet the legal
requirements and avoid the risks of entrapment. It is important, however, to ensure that your
confidential informant has been thoroughly vetted so that their actions and integrity regarding the
case cannot be called into questions and allegations validated regarding the evidence obtained as a
result of their involvement.
Recently, the case of the Inland Empire men accused of organizing a terrorist plot has become
highlighted news in the United States (Hansen, 2014). For months, the Federal Bureau of
Investigation was monitoring their activities with the active participation of a confidential
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42.
43. Inter Rater Reliability : What Do Two Or More Informants...
Inter–rater reliability is to what extent do two or more informants agree with what they have
observed. It is extremely important when doing researches since it can weaken the accuracy of the
result. If there are a lot of disagreement between different informants, the findings then will not be
considered as the correct representation of the variables measured. Inter–rater reliability is also
essential when clinicians are making a diagnosis. There could be some unavoidable biases from the
clinicians while interviewing the patients; thereby, there might be false interpretation towards the
severity of symptoms. However, for two studies conducted by Briggs–Gowan., Carter, & Schwab–
Stone (1996) and Sawyer, Streiner, and Baghurst (1998), the poor inter–rater reliability could prove
either one of their hypothesis right. Briggs–Gowan et al.'s (1996) study was aiming to find out
possible associations between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and the tendency to report
discrepancies on the children's psychopathology symptoms comparing to children and teachers
report. Whereas, Sawyer et al. (1998) were hoping to extend Fergusson et al.'s (1993) study by
proving that there was only a small effect on both parents' distress with the reports of children's
behavior. Nonetheless, there were other possible reasons for the poor inter–rater reliability other
than parents' distress. For instance, informants might be using a different approach to rate children's
behavior since depressed
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44.
45. Key Informant Interview At Craven Correctional Institution
Key Informant Interview
In the previous section I described two personal traits that I possess and assessed how they would fit
in a career as a senior case analyst. In this new section I will describe my interview with Thad
Spiewak. I will explain what he believes are the two background experiences, two skill or abilities,
and two personal characteristics that are required to get a job as a senior case analyst. I will then
assess whether I match these. Informant My informant is Thad Spiewak, Senior Case Analyst at
Craven Correctional Institution. I met Mr. Spiewak through Ms. Tammie Stocks, the Assistant
Director of Programs for Craven Correctional Institution, when I toured the facility after expressing
my interest in pursuing a career ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In May of this year I will finish my bachelor's degree and be able to fulfill this requirement. I do not
have experience within the prison system; however, I am actively seeking a position to further my
experience. I have applied for several positions, including processing assistant, behavioral specialist,
and case analyst. I recently learned that Craven County Correctional Institution has been converted
to be only a processing center, so there will be an increased number of positions opening. Skills or
Abilities I then asked Mr. Spiewak what skills or abilities he felt were necessary to hold a position
like his. After contemplation, he said the most important skill is perception; by this he meant that
when interviewing an inmate one must be able to understand not only what the individual is telling
you but also what they are not telling you. One must be able to detect deceit and manipulation. One
must learn to understand when something is not being said and how to extract that information. Mr.
Spiewak notes that while most the inmates seem docile enough, you must learn when to see a threat;
as a case analyst and senior case analyst, when you interview inmates you are alone in a room with
the door closed for the entirety of the interview. You always have to be aware of what the inmate is
doing, saying, and thinking. To be a case analyst, one must understand people and
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46.
47. Crystal Methamphetamine
Over the past several years, the Citrus County Sheriff's Office has seen a drastic increase in crystal
methamphetamine use coupled with a significant decrease in effective confidential informants. The
recent trend in methamphetamine use seems to be shifting towards a form of the drug that is
smuggled from Mexico, as opposed to traditional homemade manufactured methamphetamine.
Combating the methamphetamine trend has remained a top priority for the sheriff's office, however
effective narcotics investigations rely on the use of credible confidential informants to make
controlled purchases and provide intelligence. Informants over the past several years have become
harder to find because of several factors both internally within the agency ... Show more content on
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In March of 2008, Tallahassee Police in Florida served a search warrant on the apartment of Rachel
Hoffman where they located 151 grams of cannabis and six ecstasy pills. Hoffman was already in a
drug treatment program but agreed to assist police and was not charged with the narcotics found in
her apartment. Officers arranged for Hoffman to purchase ecstasy, cocaine, and a gun from two
suspects and police provided Hoffman $13,000 to complete the transaction. During the controlled
purchased, the suspects changed the meeting location unexpectedly to a remote area. Controlling
agents of the Tallahassee Police Department and the DEA lost visual and audio contact with
Hoffman shortly after the location change. The two suspects shot and killed Hoffman and her body
was discovered two days later. In 2009 "Rachel's Law" was passed which established confidential
informant reform (Leson,
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51. Ethics In The Informant
The Informant will be analyzed using business knowledge regarding corporate social responsibility,
professionalism and ethics as well as good corporate governance. The use of the theory under these
topics in accordance to the operations of ADM will enable the determination of whether ADM is
operating effectively or not and whether this company's business processes are legal and ethical or
not. A few strategies will then be suggested to ADM where possible.
STORYLINE OF THE INFORMANT:
The Informant is a biographical–comedy–crime film which was directed by Steven Soderbergh and
released on the 18th of September 2009. Matt Damon stars as the informant as given by the title of
the movie joined by other stars including Joel McHale, Scott Bakula and Melanie Lynskey.
This film represents Mark Whitacre (Matt Damon) as an employee who is a whistle blower
regarding the lysine price–fixing scheme. Mark worked for a company called Archer Daniels
Midland (ADM). In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim is to make a profit while considering the interests and wellbeing of all stakeholders in the
business. A business that is effective and maintains ethical leadership is considered to have superb
corporate governance. Management should lead the business to achieving sustainable economic,
social and environmental performances known as the triple bottom line principle.
Primary characteristics of good corporate governance includes transparency, accountability and
integrity. Individuals in ADM do display these qualities however, these qualities are displayed to a
certain extent which then results in these qualities being used for self–gain. ADM executives like
Mark Whitacre are transparent regarding the decisions made in ADM but he eventually gives up this
quality once he has gained the support of the FBI agent which would decrease the risk of him being
found guilty of these
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52.
53. Turotte Case Study
The first point that I would like to bring to your attention is the relationship between you, the
prosecutors in the audience and the informants you call in to testify before the court room. In a case
study done by Mathilde Turcotte, "a Visiting Fellow at the Extra–legal Governance Institute
(EXLEGI), at University of Oxford" (Turcotte 305). In her research there at the institute she
addressed "law enforcement's increasing reliance on informants and cooperating witnesses in the
investigation and prosecution of major crime participants" (Turcotte 305). She has reviewed the
overall structure between the handlers and their informant counterparts and questioned the reliability
of the informant being used in a court of law. This is something that you all should take into
consideration when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regardless of the way you look at it, your actions and behaviors are being called into question and it
is through your honesty that we can move forward and create a better system in which innocent
people aren't being locked away. The relationship you build with informants shouldn't be tarnished
by the hammering of so called "justice" it is up to you to keep this relationship pure and just. The
people around you know the amount of stress and pressure you as lawyers go through to try to
search for the evidence to make a case. But let's make it a change starting today to stop the tainting
of individuals to serve as informants. Let's stop allowing informants to testify, knowing that they
have no true intentions to serve for the greater good. Don't risk your career and your integrated
being abolished. You can change the way our system is structured, but it all starts with what you do
when you live this convention. Although your relationship with informants is a leading factor to
wrongful conviction. It is not the only
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54.
55. Why Is Natapoff Important To Overcrowded Prisons?
"Things always look greener on the other side." Individuals arrested for petty theft and small crimes
are always placed in an ultimatum, spend two or more years in jail or snitch on drug dealers and
other criminals. This harsh decision whether to spend time in isolation away from family and friends
or put themselves in direction pathways to danger is the main way that society connects with the
information presented in these articles. The decision of the individual can have unique effects on the
citizens of the area. If an individual elects to serve their time for the crime, they will spend more
than twenty–four months in prison, isolation from the outside that takes in taxpayers' money to
supply low quality food to overcrowded prisons. If the individuals with this ultimatum ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using her ethos as a well–known law professor, Natapoff adds in many Supreme Court and federal–
state court cases and legal language used to depict them. With the indented audience being an
average student who wishes to learn more about the criminal system this type of language is not
appropriate. Natapoff should have kept her writing in the simple tone in which she started her essay
off in, allowing for the call to action, in the end, to be improved and stronger. On the other hand,
Natapoff's ethos is an advantage for the article, as it pushes more people to consider and support her
thesis because they know her reasons have been shaped through knowledge and understanding. "The
Throwaways" advantages come in the form of emotional appeals as readers can easily connect to the
stories that the author presents, thinking of their loved ones in the place of criminal informants who
end up deceased by the end of their job. However, relying on mostly pathos and leaving go of ethos
and logos can lead to a devastating argument, calling for facts to be more dispersed more evenly
throughout her
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56.
57. Whistleblowing In The Informant
In the movie The Informant, Matt Damon plays Mark Whitacre, who was made famous by being
one of the most high–profile whistleblowers in corporate America. For three years, Whitacre worked
with the Feds to bring down his company Archer Daniels Midland for a price–fixing scheme. If it
weren't for the fact that Whitacre was also embezzling funds, he would have come out of the whole
thing a well–renowned hero.
Unfortunately, even though the events of the film are based on real life, the reality is that most
whistleblowers are not seen in a positive light. Take, for example, Edward Snowden. Many people
believe he is a traitor, while others see him as a patriot standing up for people's rights. In the
business world, whistleblowing is generally regarded as a bad thing. That is unless you are in a
position of authority. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Even though we often hear negative things about business leaders in the media, we still have
positive expectations of them." Mayer goes on to clarify that part of those expectations is speaking
out against unethical conduct. Thus, it seems, part of the reason why Whitacre was hailed (relatively
speaking) and Snowden was booed was the fact that Mark was a top boss at ADM, while Edward
was only a regular worker. To put it in perspective, Whitacre is now the COO of a multi–million
dollar business, and Snowden is still on the lam from the
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58.
59. Analysis Of The Article ' The Snitch System '
The Snitch System
The purpose of the article investigate how jailhouse informant testimony leads to wrongful
convictions by exploring several cases of people who were exonerated of crimes that they were
convicted of at least in part by jailhouse informant testimony. This is important to the fields of law
and psychology because jailhouse informant testimony is often presented as the primary evidences
or the most important evidence in a trial.
In the case of Verneal Jimerson, he was convicted of a double murder on the testimony of Paula
Gray, who was offered early release for her testimony. He was released after the killer confessed and
DNA evidence to back it up. Randy Steidl convicted of murder of two newlyweds on the testimony
of Debra Reinbolt and Darrell Herrington. He was exonerated after several elements of Reinbolt's
testimony turned out to be false. Joseph Dunn was convicted of the murder along with friend Ralph
Frye after being implicated by Gayle Potter, and later Frye confirmed Potter's testimony. Perry
Cobbs was convicted of murder and armed robbery on the testimony of Phyllis Santini. He was
exonerated when another witness testified to Santini's involvement in the murder. Steven Smith was
arrested for a murder and convicted on the testimony of Debra Caraway. The conviction was
reversed when Caraway's testimony was deemed unreliable. Gary Guager was sentenced to death for
the murder of his parents and convicted based on the testimony of Raymong Wagner. The
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60.
61. Fitting In English
English is my native language. Aside from foreign language classes in high school and college I
have never experienced dissonance between my native language and the dominant language in
America. For the purpose of this interview, I created three main research areas related to learning
about the ESL learners experience and how it aligns with course literature and concepts. The areas I
was most interested in were: their transitions from their heritage language to English, their education
experiences from early childhood up to adulthood, and finally how they view language and identity.
Some examples of these questions include, "Can you tell me about your early experiences with
English?" "How closely does your identity and language align?" and ... Show more content on
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Both informants agreed that the professors expect the same vocabulary out of them that they do
from their native speaking students. This can translate easily in younger classrooms as well.
According to Nieto (2002) teachers need to become aware of bilingual students and learn how to
foster the skills the students already have with their native languages and find ways to teach them
English that aligns with their own learning styles. The participant that speaks Farsi spoke about a
time where she had a professor who also spoke Farsi, but when she tried to have a conversation with
her it was difficult to sustain. She was apprehensive to use Farsi in a setting where English was so
dominant and the Korean informant felt similarly about using her native language in a classroom as
well. These experiences were not surprising for me and aligned with our class discussion of cultural
capitals in America in week four (Carter 2003, Sook Lee 2016). Although these women can learn
just as well as any other students they somehow are degraded in the school system and expected to
perform less than their actual abilities because they are not part of the dominant culture. They also
lack the individualized help for their unique
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62.
63. Informant Vs Whistleblower
An informant is a man who usually knows everything about what are the criminal activities
happening around. He normally acts as a part of that criminal movement. However, when a few
benefits are provided, he reveals the information to the police or high–level officials. Also,
occasionally police send undercover cops as sources to get more data about the illegal activities.
Whereas, a whistleblower is a man who realizes what is occurring inside an association. He works
with individuals who are included in wrong doings, however, this whistle blower usually restricts
that illegal activity. He will not be a part of that criminal movement. He is a piece of the offending
organization. In general, most of the informants and whistle blowers, except ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Asset forfeiture is a defined as a tool used to detect crime. It is defined as most effective means of
taking of the property and funds of the people involved in a crime. There are numerous important
motivations to utilize asset forfeiture to battle white collar wrongdoing. Basically prosecuting and
indicting the criminal for extortion does not address his main inspiration for perpetrating the
wrongdoing in any case. By pursuing the property he produced from the misrepresentation, asset
forfeiture takes away the primary motivation for the wrongdoing and punishes the white collar
criminal for his unlawful behavior where it harms most. The utilization of asset forfeiture in
criminal examinations means to weaken the financial foundation of the criminal organization. In
general criminal organizations make profits by doing criminal activities. Therfore, asset forfeiture is
used to take away the property, profits, and sometimes their products, making the criminal
organization powerless to run. The motivation behind asset forfeiture is to help police in upholding
the law, enhance their abilities through upgraded income, and grow collaboration between
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64.
65. Informant Vs Preliminary Hearing
The case that I received was a case that has to do with the disclosure of information by the
prosecutor in court. A federal agent had caught a man selling drugs during an undercover operation.
The prosecutor had instructed the agent not to mention information about an informant during the
preliminary hearing.(Garland,2012)The question with this is whether or not this act was
unconstitutional. This is unconstitutional because all information should be included and none
disclosed for the preliminary hearing or any trial. The prosecution wanted to disclose the
information about the informant because it was not needed in the preliminary hearing.The Gale
Encyclopedia said that "The hearing is conducted to determine whether there is sufficient
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66.
67. Community Social Work
Community Social Work According to Itzhaky (1997), stated a deprived community in the center of
Israel was geographically isolated as a result, they were deprive for renewal of urban rehabilitation,
physical and social rehabilitation, and the citizens have not any involvement in the use of resources.
However, the population of the community consists mainly the second and third generation Israelis
their parents came from Asia and Africa; they were joined in almost equal numbers, in the late 1980s
and the early 1990s by immigrants from the former Soviet Union. A community is a group sharing
something in common such as, experience, languages, religions, interest, rules, norms, and
geographical boundaries. Therefore, the community selected for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The techniques that will be used to conduct key informant in the community includes face to face
interviews and telephone interviews. The major reason for contacting the key selected informants is
due to; they are well connected to the community and to collect information on the pressing need of
the community. In addition, another reason for contacting the key informants is to understand their
reasoning and beliefs of the community residents regarding the depravity. Also, it will enhance
collection of information from people of different background and opinions and to collect in–depth
information needed to tackle sensitive issues. The useful skills to engage these informants to obtain
the community details to complete the needed assessment include creating a suitable environment
where the informants will have an open in–depth discussion and in–depth answers. On the other
hand, creating a comfortable environment will motivate the participants from voicing out their
opinions and for a means for gathering and reviewing data collection. Other skills to engage the
informants include developing face to face interviews and telephone interviewing for the informants
their schedules crashed with the meeting. However, before the interview with the key informants
involved, the discussion will begin with introducing myself and project. I will explain the
participants involved, establish credibility, explain why I need their cooperation on data collection,
and how it will benefit the community. The reason I chose these skills is to collect useful
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68.
69. Identity And Identity Essay
The following is a research report and the research done is aimed at understanding the way in which
people consume online news and what role this plays in an individual 's sense of identity and
culture.The project is part of a third year Media Studies Course, MDIA 310 Cultural Identity and the
Media at Victoria University of Wellington and is coordinated by Joost de Bruin, a Senior Lecturer
at this university, each student in the class has undertaken the same research process.
We were required to conduct two interviews with individuals we had never met before using a topic
list provided to us by Dr. de Bruin, the aim, was not to test the informants use of online news, but
rather provide them with an opportunity to voice their own opinions, without judgement. The reason
for this, as Schroder et al suggest is the interview is to be used as a vehicle for discovering the
"media–induced meanings of the informant's life–world (Schroder et al, 143). The goal therefore, is
to encourage informants to cooperate in the discursive production of meaning (Schroder et al, 133.).
Each student received training around the interview process and ethics approval prior to
commencing their interviews. The informants received information sheets about the project that they
were able to keep and consent forms that they had to return to us.
As this is the first time I, and many of us have embarked on a research project of this nature, there
were a few thing that did not go according to plan. My
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70.
71. Informant Movie Quiz Essay
1. What is the name of the company Mark works for? –ADM (Archers Daniels Midland) 2. The
main character states that if you're a stockholder, all you care about is–that corn goes in one end and
profit comes out the other 3. Where does Mark Whitacre live during the movie?– Germany 4. How
much money was ADM losing per month in the lysine business because of the virus? 7million per
month 5. If you give chicken corn six months instead of –8 6. Where were the phone calls coming
in? –ADM Business line at home(actually his home line) 7. When first talking to the FBI agent,
what was the main character thinking about? –Ties 8. What does the back of the business card say?–
FBI is coming at 10pm 9. What is Mark's wife's name? –Ginger 10. What is ... Show more content
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Why did Mark say he is 0014 (Double–O Fourteen)?–hes twice as smart as 007 24. What is the new
policy when meeting wit the Japanese? – pat them down for wires 25. How does Mark respond to
this?– freaks out and gets ancy saying he didn't get the memo 26. What does Mark do during the
meeting that the FBI is monitoring? –Looks at the camera and gives thumbs up and messes with the
device in his breifcase 27. From the perspective of the Justice department, the meeting was not
enough because the word(s) __Agreement______________ was not used. 28. Where do they go
next to record the next meeting?–Hawaii 29. What happens at the meeting in Hawaii?–Mark gets
everyone to state that they are in Agreement 30. What do the FBI agents carry around with them as a
reminder for what they are doing?–A pic of mark and his family 31. Mark had aspirations of –
Running ADM after everyone gets fired(Next president of ADM) 32. Mark thinks he is going to be
okay in the company –Tue (he continuously asks the fbi agents if they think he will be ok in the
company and they just keep telling him to tell them that he is cooperating with the government and
that he should get an attorney to represent him)He is not really gonna be ok at the company they
said the corporate culture will change some for him 33. The "A" in ADM, Archer, died–choked to
death on a chicken bone in 1947 34. Those in the company think that the most the company will get
is a – 10 yr
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72.
73. Anonymous Informant In Criminal Investigation
First is the identified citizen informant. This type of informant, i.e. an off–duty policeman, is
deemed the most reliable of the three and is highly–credited by the courts. Because of his or her
status and experience, a tip from someone who falls under this category may be highly reliable, and,
as such, "a strong showing as to other indicia of reliability may be unnecessary. The second class of
informants is the known informant from the criminal world who has provided previous reliable tips.
This informant has established a relationship with the authorities, both as a criminal and as a past
informant with accurate information and a willingness to cooperate. Because of this, law
enforcement tends to value these types of tips as somewhat reliable. ... Show more content on
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This type of informant is classified as the least reliable of the three. By itself, the information
provided is not sufficient to justify legal action. As stated in Adams v. Williams (1972), "when a tip
lacks an indicia of reliability, further investigation is required." Information is the currency that
criminal investigators deal in. Information is needed to solve crimes and lock up criminals.
Informants come from all different lifestyles so a good investigator wil try and understand the
informant. Meaning they will find out why they are willing to be an informant. Is it for revenge, or
freedom away from the situation and people involved, These type of informant know deeper
personal information and want to teach the person a lesson.
A mercenary informant will hold out until the reward is high enough before disclosing information.
There are also informants that like to be around police they are pretty harmless and just want to feel
important and be able to cop name drop. Entrapment Is Defined as Encouraging an Individual to
Perform an Activity They Normally Would Not(webster
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74.
75. Cultural Interview : Cultural Informant Interview
Cultural Informant Interview My cultural informant was a friend who I have known for about six
and a half years, Lisa. Lisa's sister, Liya, and I became close friends during my freshman year of
college. Liya, two other girls, and I became roommates from sophomore year through senior year.
Lisa is a year younger than me, so I met her during my sophomore year. Liya and Lisa were
international students from Ethiopia, so they often spent holidays and breaks with my family and I.
The three of us became close during our college years, and I had the opportunity to visit them in
Ethiopia in the summer of 2015. Liya is currently living in Ethiopia; therefore, I am not able to
speak with her as frequently as Lisa; however, modern technology does ... Show more content on
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While I do agree that my family is filled with women who seek careers, I do believe that women in
my family still held a stronger role in taking care of the children and home than the men. For
example, my mom and aunts often talk about how they were the ones to take off work when a child
was sick as opposed to the child's father. Lisa did mention how my female cousins and I all talk
about how we want our significant others to play a stronger family role. During my undergraduate
career, I had many interests, and I was not sure what career path was best; therefore, I majored in
mathematics and psychology. Lisa mentioned that my interest in STEM fields was possibly due to
the wide variety of careers my aunts pursued. Lisa felt like that I knew that these careers would be
challenging, but I did not let gender stereotypes hold me back. While I agree that by the time I got to
college, I sought to choose a career based on my interests and not social standards of gender, I was
not always this way as a child. Growing up, I was strong in science and math, but I struggled with
reading. My third grade teacher told me, "Girls are good at reading. They hate math." At that point, I
thought something was wrong with me, because I liked math and not reading. I also tended to play
more with boys and preferred
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76.
77. Moot Court Case Irac
–Analysis
The Honourable Judge came to his conclusions based on the value of the informant's reflection. At
the time of disclosure, the officer was under the understanding that the informant did not have any
fear of the three accused and had waived his rights of confidentiality. He came to this understanding
for the reason that the informant was associating with one of the accused, and had revealed to at
least two people about the identity of the accused. The Judge agreed with the officer's reaction at
that time. The informant then testified on the motion and indicated that he did not have fear of the
co–accused. The Honourable Judge did not agree with the Crowns dispute that the informant had
waived his rights. This was based on the facts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Magistrate agreed that there was some strength in the Crowns argument that if an informant
reveals to an acquaintance about the confidential information, the privilege could be said to have
been waived. The Honourable Judge would have agreed with that proposal, if in fact the informant
had warned the other parties that he had informed the authorities regarding the information. The
informant disclosed that the three accused had committed the offence, however he did not disclose
the main component that he was in fact the police informant. In the Judge's opinion, for the
confidentiality of the communication to be waived, the informant would have to reveal that he was
indeed an informant for the police. The Judge's view of the Crowns argument that the informant did
not fear any of the three accused was unreliable. In his opinion there was no submission that the
informant conversed to any of the co–accused of his informant status. In the Honourable Judge's
view, the informant would have had to reveal to the co–accused that he had stated to the police
about the involvement of the co–accused in the crime. Due to these circumstances, the Judge found
that the informant never waived his informant confidentiality in a pure and
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