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Urinary Tract Infections ( Cautis )
1. Urinary Tract Infections ( Cautis )
Background and Significance
Catheter–associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are caused by transmission of bacteria to the
urinary tract via the urinary catheter during catheter insertion, via the catheter lumen, or by handling
of the catheter drainage bag (Mori, 2014). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for about 35% of
hospital–acquired infections (HAIs) and about 80% of the UTIs are related to the presence of
indwelling urinary catheter (IUC). CAUTIs are a significant problem affecting the patients as well
as the health care system as they are linked with increased morbidity and mortality, increased health
care expenses, and extended hospitalization (Gould, 2015).
CAUTIs can result to patient's complications such urethritis, urethral strictures, bloody urine,
bladder obstruction and sepsis. In addition, the catheter drainage bag may be a reservoir of
pathogens that can result to more critical HAIs (Apostolopoulou, 2015). Approximately 13,000
deaths are associated with UTIs every year. A total health care cost of approximately $0.4 – $0.5
billion is spent for CAUTI incidences and it's complications in the United States annually. The
length of hospital stay related to CAUTIs extends from two to four days (Gould, 2015).
As of October 1st, 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began withholding
reimbursement to hospitals for treatment of HAIs including the CAUTIs. The duration of the
catheter use has been identified as a major risk factor for
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2.
3. Urinary Tract Infection Paper
The scope, history, and duration of catheter associated urinary tract infections is reviewed. The
scope of catheter associated urinary tract infections is when an individual acquires an infection that
has been caused by the insertion of a catheter. The individual may have had the catheter in place for
a short period of time and acquired it upon insertion related to the lack of sterile technique.
However, the individual also may have had the catheter in place over a long period of time and
acquired an infection. Roger, Feneley, Hopley, and Wells (2015) explain that the body's natural flora
is disrupted from ascending in the urinary tract and colonizing a bacterial infection during normal
bladder emptying. However, if a catheter is in place this allows for easy ascending bacteria to
colonize and form an infection, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of catheters to empty bladders dates to over 3500 years ago, and Foley indwelling catheters
have been used over the past 80 years (Roger, Feneley, Hopley, and Wells, 2015). The catheter was
first initiated for the use of male, intermittent self–catheterization purposes, it was rigid, and implied
for urinary retention (Roger, Feneley, Hopley, and Wells, 2015). Roger, Feneley, Hopley, and Wells
(2015) continue to explain that urinary incontinence was not a pertinent medical need to address,
and it wasn't until a urologist invented the Foley catheter that it was used for these purposes.
However, this intervention is great at assisting to prevent skin breakdown in the elder population
related to the effects of urine in constant contact with the skin, but indwelling catheters do not come
without several other medical problems that can result, as mentioned above (Roger, Feneley,
Hopely, and Wells, 2015). In addition to these problems, Foley indwelling catheters have been
associated with balloon fragments if the balloon bursts and urethral trauma (Roger, Feneley, Hopley,
and Wells,
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4.
5. The National Patient Safety Goal
This paper will discuss the National Patient Safety Goal NPSG 0.7.06.01 entitled " Use proven
guidelines to prevent infection of the urinary tract that are caused by catheter" (The Joint
Commission, 2015). It will identify reasons why this National Patient Safety Goal was chosen as
well as the type of organizations that utilize urinary catheters. It will look into the cost of
implementing an educational process compared with the hospital cost of Catheter–Associated
Urinary Infections (CAUTI). The Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) will demonstrate a method on
how to gather data, design educational tool, implement standard practice and create a committee by
collaborating with other health care disciplines. The effectiveness of the educational process will be
evaluated through data collection and analysis. Finally, future health care delivery implications will
be explored.
Description of Goal
The National Patient Safety Goal NPSG 0.7.06.01 entitled " Use proven guidelines to prevent
infection of the urinary tract that are caused by catheter." was selected (The Joint Commission,
2015). Gould, Umsheid, Agarwal, Kuntz, Pegues and Healthcare Infections Control Practices
Advisory Committee (2009) reported that in an acute care hospital, a urinary catheter is the most
commonly used medical devices (as cited in Acker, 2014). What is a urinary catheter. A urinary
catheter is a thin tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine. A collection system bag is connected
to the catheter
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6.
7. Patient Dissatisfaction Of Piv Catheter Replacements
Introduction
In a local San Diego County hospital, on a 28 bed progressive care unit specializing in cardiac
telemetry, the current protocol for replacing peripherally inserted intravenous catheter is every 72
hours or less if clinically indicated. The average daily census of patients on the unit is roughly 23
patients with an increase of 5% during the winter months. There are nearly 50,000 patients admitted
annually to this unit with 47,670 discharged home. The hospital is located in Serra Mesa and serves
the residents of this region as well as the surrounding area with a mean age of the patient being 52.
The patients seeking care are mostly English or Spanish speaking, but represent a wide variety of
cultures. The RNs on this unit are working with patients in a 4:1 ratio leading to a fast–paced
workflow and heavy workload for the nurses.
Staff nurses on the unit expressed their frustration with the current practice regarding the frequency
of PIV catheter replacements, stating that it was "time–consuming" and contributed to "patient
dissatisfaction." The process of replacing a PIV can often be time consuming and may take multiple
attempts in order to successfully insert a new PIV. Research supports a change in practice that
address these concerns. A pilot study performed in 2012, by Rickard, Webster, Wallis, Marsh,
McGrail, French and Whitby indicated that replacing PIV catheters only when clinically indicated
did not lead to catheter–related complications, as previously
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8.
9. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to implement a policy that will aid in reducing foley catheter induced
infection by providing a guideline for the health care providers on how to care for patients with
foley catheters. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) are the most commonly
reported hospital acquired condition, and the rates continues to rise. According to American Nurses
Association, greater than 560,000 patients developed CAUTI each year. Registered nurses can play
a vital role in reducing CAUTI rates (ANA, 2015). Hospital acquired conditions are major threat to
patient safety with estimated cost of 33 million annually (ANA, 2015).
A policy is defined as documentation defining the minimal requirements for clinical ... Show more
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A universal precaution and a sterile field must be maintained during the procedure. All foley must
have a stat lock retention device placed to patient's inner thigh area to keep the foley stable. The
foley drainage bag and chamber must be placed below the knee at all times to avoid back flow of
urine into the bladder. The order set directs the nurses on how to document for care every eight
hours. The documentation includes checking the potency, including any twisting or kinking of the
catheter, emptying the foley every two hours, and performing foley care every 8 hours. As part of
the policy, every nurse is required to attend bi–annual skills fair
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10.
11. Research Critique Essay
Moses Williams
NURS 450
Professor Peggy Melloh
Introduction
Catheter–associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a fairly common complication in hospitalized
patients. Nosocomial infection prevention and patient safety promotion has been issued and many
researches have been conducted to improve patient's quality of life. In this article, Saint et al. (2005)
hypothesize that using a paper–based urinary catheter reminder can reduce the incidence of urinary
catheterization, and consequently this will enhance the patients' safety.
Critique Part 1 Research Questions or Hypotheses The background and significance of this study are
properly presented in the introduction. The research question is presented at the end of the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Review of the Literature This article does not provide the search strategy including a number of
databases and other resources which identify key published and unpublished research. In this article,
both the primary sources and the theoretical literatures are collected and appraised in order to
generate the research question and to conduct knowledge–based research. In the section of the
literature review, nineteen professional articles are appraised in order to provide the significance and
background of the study. Saint develops the research question based on these analyses. "Catheter–
associated urinary tract infections in surgical patients: A controlled study on the excess morbidity
and costs" is one of the primary sources written by Givens and Wenzel who conduct and analyze this
study. In addition, "Clinical and economic consequences of nosocomial catheter–related bacteriuria"
is a review of a literature article which is the secondary source. Although many studies state that
patient safety is a top priority and CAUTI can be controlled by the caution of health care providers,
the infection rate is relatively high among other nosocomial infections. One of the reasons Saint and
colleagues uncovered is unawareness and negligence by health care
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12.
13. The Change Theory Of Nursing Model
Framework The Change Theory of Nursing Model will be used to facilitate change in the unit
because it will drive the patient in a desired direction (Nursing Theory, 2016). The model, developed
by Kurt Lewin, uses three stages of change. Before change can be implemented the agent goes
through unfreezing, experiencing the change, and refreezing (Nursing Theory, 2016). Unfreezing
This phase involves focusing on the staff's mindfulness for the necessity of change based on the
evidence collected by an infection control committee. This phase is necessary to overcome the
tensions of individual resistance and group compliance (Nursing Theory, 2016). Using three
methods is how this phase is achieved. First, redirecting the behavior away from the existing
situation. Second, reducing the restricting forces that have a negative affect on the movement.
Lastly, using a combination of the two methods mentioned above. Experiencing the Change This
stage is where the staff will be required to view the education power point on the new CAUTI
prevention tool. The staff will then take a post education competency test to demonstrate proficiency
of the risks and complications of CAUTIs as well as the prevention tool. Nurses are encouraged to
assess the need to continue the Foley each shift and offer patients an urinal, commode, or bedpan
when needed. When indications are no longer met, the RN is to call the doctor for Foley removal.
Refreezing This is where establishing the change
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14.
15. CAUTI Research Paper
There is much evidence–based precautions currently being practiced in prevention of CAUTI, so
why does it still occur so frequently? You mentioned Thomas Jefferson University Hospital applies
strict protocols in prevention on CAUTI. While their facility's predicted infection rates were lower
than the national average in the past few years, there was still an increase of incidence between the
years of 2013 and 2014 (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 2017). This starts to bring an
interest into the topic and possibly development of a research question. A research question that
might be used is does the use of sterile technique and proper hand hygiene in application and
removal of a urinary catheter always decrease incidence of infection among
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16.
17. Urinary Catheterization
In this paper I am going to perform critical analysis of a research article named as "Patients'
perspectives on timing of urinary catheter removal after surgery" by Rashmi Bhardwaj, Robert
Pickard, Debbie Carrick–Sen and Katie Brittain. The article was distributed in 2012. The
fundamental motivation behind this article is to know and examine the effect of long term
catheterization and investigate the patients' convictions and observations with respect to
perioperative urinary catheterization. Problem statement, study purpose, research questions,
literature review, and theoretical framework were focused on this critical analysis. Problem
Statement "Combating catheter–associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a worldwide priority.
Routine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key facts that the investigators are found in this study are: Placement of a urinary catheter for
>2 days postoperatively can expand the possibility of CAUTI. Patients' points of view on peri–
operative catheterization were caused to recognize patient factors that energize or discourage timely
catheter removal. Patients had an absence of information regarding catheterization and an
inadequate inclusion in the choice for catheter removal with an absence of latrine facilities, which
may add to extended catheterization and an expanded danger of CAUTI. The procurement of
sufficient data to patients who need short–term catheterization connected to formal consent will
expand patients' awareness and may help decrease catheter duration and decrease the danger of
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18.
19. The Effect Of A Silver Alloy And Hydrogel Coated Urinary...
The title of this article is "Multicenter Cohort Study to Assess the Impact of a Silver–Alloy and
Hydrogel–Coated Urinary Catheter on Symptomatic Catheter–Associated Urinary Tract Infection"
(Lederer, Jarvis, Thomas, & Ritter, 2014). The title it self–give us lot of information about this
study, just by looking at the article we can identify the independent variable (silver–alloy hydrogel
catheter), dependent variable (symptomatic catheter–associated urinary tract infections), and the
purpose of the study. The four researchers who did this study are very experienced and they are very
well qualified to conduct this study. Their qualifications are given on the first page of the article.
The abstract layout a comprehensive summary of this article, the abstract discuss the purpose,
research design, subjects and the setting, methods, results and conclusion (Lederer et al, 2014).
Urinary tract infection (UTI) are extremely common healthcare–associated infections, it is estimated
that about 6 million American are affected annually. One of the risk factors for developing UTI is
associated with indwelling urinary catheter; approximately 80% of UTI are related to the use of
indwelling urinary catheter (Lederer, Jarvis, Thomas, & Ritter, 2014). Indwelling urinary catheters
are common sources of infection in the urinary tract because they are irritating to the tissue and,
when inserted, may be a means of introducing bacteria directly into the bladder if sterile technique is
not used
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20.
21. Nurse Reimbursement
All staff involved in catheter insertion and care must be educated on proper care. Nurses must be
educated on the importance of decreasing catheter use and their right to question Foley catheter
insertion and maintenance. Choosing a "champion" among staff, or a certain peer to help influence
behavior will also help overcome resistance to change among nurses who are unwilling to change
for the sake of convenience or habit. Creating a peer–to–peer educational plan is also shown to
encourage and empower nurses to decrease catheter use (Meddings et al., 2014). Finally, behavior
must be analyzed to see if new protocols and policies are being followed. If they are not, a
discussion should occur to see if any new resistors to change have been ... Show more content on
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The team will oversee the evidence–based practice aspects of CAUTI prevention and will be set up
using aspects of the guidelines established by Andreessen et al. (2012). Several different types of
nurses will be recruited to assist including infection control (for evidence–based practice guidance),
nurse educators (to help set up the education program), and staff nurses (to advise from staff's point
of view) (Andreessen et al., 2012). Leadership including, nurse managers, clinical nurse leaders, and
the medical director, will assist with implementation. The team consisting of resource type
individuals such as urologists, will guide evidence–based practices and information technology will
assist to set up flow chart and tracking processes (Andreessen et al., 2012). The next step will focus
on educating the unit's staff. Employees that place an indwelling catheter will be required to go
through a refresher course on proper insertion technique, indications for catheterization, and catheter
care. Additionally, there will be a class on the new flow sheet created to track indwelling catheters
(Andreessen et al., 2012). Posters with information pertaining to catheter care, CAUTI prevention,
the new charting system, and alternative bladder management systems will be placed in highly
visible areas such as break
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22.
23. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Paper
Catheter–associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most common type of hospital
acquired infections (HAI) and account for more than 30% of those reported in acute care hospitals
(National Healthcare Safety Network, n.d.). The National Healthcare Safety Network (n.d.)
announced there are an estimated 449,334 cases of CAUTI each year which costs the United States
annually over $340 million and unfortunately results in 13,000 deaths each year. The aim of this
performance improvement is to seek out and present implementation of best practices and ways to
prevent CAUTI. This paper identifies one of The Joint Commission safety goals, a situation in need
of change, data related to the problem, develops a plan for change and data analysis, and identifies
potential supporters and opposers, as well as, strategies to build a coalition of supporters. Lewin's
force–field model of change will be used to prepare and implement the change process with
discussion of anticipated resistance, strategies to manage the resistance, feedback mechanisms,
measurable outcomes, and a plan for stabilizing the change. TJC Safety Goal, Situation in Need of
Change, Data Related to Problem The seventh Joint Commission (TJC) National Patient Safety Goal
[NPSG] (2017) is to reduce the risk of healthcare–associated ... Show more content on
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Lo et al. (2014) discusses a strategy of education and training for CAUTI prevention. This
educational strategy will entail proper insertion techniques, appropriate care of urinary catheters,
discontinuation protocols, and alternatives to urinary catheters (Lo et al., 2014). This plan for
change will be presented to staff with ongoing education and evaluation over a period of six months.
Resources will involve the unit's leadership team (unit coordinators, clinical nurse specialist,
manager). The unit's leadership will be involved and supportive to staff during all phases of the
change
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24.
25. Criteria-Based Regulation Summary
Journal Four The next article focused on a criteria–based reminder to help decrease the duration of
catheterization and increase proper catheter care, causing a decrease in CAUTIs (Chen et al., 2013).
The criteria–based reminder was used to remind the nurse to check if the catheter could be removed
and also reminds them the catheter needed to be properly cleaned. The research method was a
randomized control trial (Chen et al., 2013). The sample of this study was from two respiratory
ICUs in a medical center in Taiwan. The study involved 231 patients who had catheters inserted in
the ICUs and 130 patients who had catheters inserted on other units (Chen et al., 2013). Data was
collected by having urine specimens taken from urinary catheter patients on the unit, they then
tested for urinary tract infections (Chen et al., 2013). Two groups of catheter patients were tested,
one with the criteria–based reminder implemented and one without (Chen et al., 2013). The study
showed that the criteria–based reminder group had a 21.8% incidence of UTIs, and the group
without the reminder had a 32.8% incidence of UTIs (Chen et al., 2013). The study also showed the
reminder method dropped CAUTI rates by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Journal one and Journal two focus on the education and attitudes of health care workers to decrease
rates of CAUTIs (Justus et al., 2016; Saint et al., 2016). Journal four's focus is the use of a reminder
method to decrease CAUTIs (Chen et al., 2013). This method helps to increase the use of proper
catheter interventions in hospitals by reminding health care workers about them daily. Journal three
and journal five both focus on the use of certain interventions to decrease rates of UTIs in
catheterized patients (Fakih et al., 2012; Saint et al., 2013). Articles three and five evaluate if certain
interventions used in hospitals now are helpful in decreasing rates of
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26.
27. Preceptor Experience Essay
The second half of my preceptorship went well and I learned a lot. I felt comfortable giving
medications, performing assessments, and caring for the patients. I was able to complete all of my
objectives. We were in the ER for one day, and the rest of the time my preceptor was the Charge
Nurse on the med–surg floor. I gave medications every day that I was precepting. When giving
medications I am very cautious. I verify the patient, and we scan the patient and medications. But
sometimes medications are split in half and I needed to make sure to set them aside during scanning.
One day I scanned an aspirin and the computer said it was for the wrong patient. I verified the
medication on the MAR, and it was the correct medication. My preceptor said that happens
sometimes, and we manually entered the medication. I feel comfortable giving medications, but will
continue to be cautious. I performed assessments every day of preceptorship. Lung sounds can be
difficult for me to identify, so I liked being able to listen and ask my preceptor if she heard the same
thing. I heard a whooshing sound over the heart of one of my patients and spent extra time listening
to it. I guess he noticed that I was confused because he told me that he has a Pig Valve. Some of the
other sounds I could verify were crackles and wheezes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was awkward for me since I have never been around it. I did not help with post–mortem care
because they were not our patients and we were busy doing other things. My preceptor had to call
Lifeshare for organ and tissue donation, even though the patient was not an organ donor. This is
standard for all patients that pass away. The spouse of the patients insisted that the patient wasn't an
organ donor, but Lifeshare insists on talking to a family member. After telling Lifeshare that the
patient's religion was a Seventh Day Adventist, they didn't need to talk to the family because that
religion does not donate
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28.
29. Cauti
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common nosocomial infection; accounting for up to
40% of infections reported by acute care hospitals. Up to 80% of UTIs are associated with the
presence of an indwelling urinary catheter. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)
represent the largest proportion of healthcare associated infections (HAI). Catheter–associated
urinary tract infection (CAUTI) increases hospital cost and is associated with increased morbidity
and mortality .CAUTIs are considered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to
represent a reasonably preventable complication of hospitalization. As such, no additional payment
is provided to hospitals for CAUTI treatment–related costs.CAUTIs can lead to ... Show more
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Not maintaining a sterile technique during insertion and closed drainage system after insertion.
4. The drainage bag of the bacteriuric patient is a reservoir for organisms that may contaminate the
environment and be transmitted to other patients. 5.Outbreaks of infection with resistant gram–
negative organisms attributable to bacteriuria in catheterized patients have also been reported.
PREVENTION
1. Limiting catheter use and, when a catheter is indicated, minimizing the duration the catheter
remains in situ are primary strategies for CAUTI prevention.
2. Ensure that only trained, dedicated personnel insert urinary catheters.
3. Implement a system for documenting the following information in the patient record: indications
for catheter insertion, date and time of catheter insertion, individual who inserted catheter, and date
and time of catheter removal
a. Include documentation in nursing flow sheet, nursing notes, or physician orders. Documentation
should be accessible in the patient record and recorded in a standard format for data collection and
quality improvement purposes.
4. Ensure that there are sufficient trained personnel and technology resources to support surveillance
of catheter use and outcomes.
5. Educate healthcare personnel involved in the insertion, care and maintenance of urinary catheters
about CAUTI prevention, including alternatives to indwelling catheters and procedures for catheter
insertion, management, and removal.
6. Maintain
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30.
31. Urinary Tractinfection
An APIC Guide 2008
Guide to the Elimination of Catheter–Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)
Developing and Applying Facility–Based Prevention Interventions in Acute and Long–Term Care
Settings
About APIC APIC's mission is to improve health and patient safety by reducing risks of infection
and other adverse outcomes. The Association's more than 12,000 members have primary
responsibility for infection prevention, control and hospital epidemiology in healthcare settings
around the globe. APIC's members are nurses, epidemiologists, physicians, microbiologists, clinical
pathologists, laboratory technologists and public health professionals. APIC advances its mission
through education, research, consultation, collaboration, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of these patients, approximately 3% will develop bacteremia. The 1997 APIC/SHEA position paper
on urinary tract infections in long–term care (LTC) identifies CAUTI as the most common infection
in LTC residents, with a bacteriuria prevalence without indwelling catheters of 25% to 50% for
women, and 15% to 40% for men. Therefore, usage of indwelling urinary catheters in residents of
LTC facilities can be expected to
ASSOCIATION FOR PROFESSIONALS IN INFECTION CONTROL AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
5
Guide to the Elimination of Catheter–Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)
result in higher CAUTI rates with an associated risk of CAUTI–related bacteremia, unless
appropriate prevention efforts are implemented. The 2008 SHEA/APIC Guideline "Infection
Prevention and Control in the Long–term Care Facility"3 notes that "guidelines for prevention of
catheter–associated UTIs in hospitalized patients are generally applicable to catheterized residents in
LTCFs." Strategies contained in this resource will be helpful in any healthcare setting, when the
facility's infection risk assessment identifies CAUTI as an infection prevention priority.
Legislative Mandates and CAUTI Risk Assessment
The impact of external factors is germane to facility
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32.
33. The Threat of Catheter-Related Infections
Clinical problem: Catheter–related infections pose a detrimental threat to adult patients in intensive
care units with a central line. Effects of an infection include: an increase in the patients' length of
hospital stay, morbidity and mortality rates, and hospital readmission rates.
Objective: To determine if the evidence based practice interventions studied and published can help
to decrease the rate of infection occurring in central lines.
Data sources: The search engine that was used to find three randomized controlled trial articles and
support my PICOT question was PubMed. Key terms that were used to search for them included
intensive care unit infections, chlorhexidine dressings, antiseptic solutions, and prevention methods
for catheter–related infections. A clinical guideline for the prevention of intravascular catheter–
related infection was retrieved from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Results: The clinical guideline from the AHRQ encouraged interventions like the chlorhexidine
impregnated sponge, antiseptic solution, and other precautious measures in order to reduce catheter–
related infections. The research completed by Atahan and colleagues (2012), Timsit and colleagues
(2012), and Timsit and colleagues (2009) concluded that the use of 2% chlorhexidine gel tegaderm
dressing, chlorhexidine impregnated sponge, and the antiseptic solution has significantly helped to
reduce infection rates in catheters.
Conclusion: After synthesizing the
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34.
35. Safdar, Purvis And Knobloch: Qualitative Study
Qualitative Study
Safdar, Codispoti, Purvis, and Knobloch (2015) conducted a qualitative study using interviews with
twenty patients with urinary catheters who were hospitalized within a two–month period. The
interview used a semi–structured guide to ensure that the same questions were discussed with each
participant. Themes found in this study included that "75% of patients perceived that they had not
received adequate education about [their] indwelling urinary catheter consequences... and 65% of
patients felt that they had not received adequate information on the risks of [the catheter] ..."
(Safdar, Codispota, Purvis, & Knobloch, 2015, p. 3). From this research, it is apparent that the
potential consequences and risks associated with the insertion of a catheter are not fully discussed
with patients. Initially, after K.T. stated that she did not feel that she was adequately educated
regarding her intermittent catheter it was wrongly assumed that K.T. may not have ... Show more
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She reports self–consciousness when out in a public setting out of fear that she will "wet herself."
This self–consciousness, fear, and anxiety all fall under the category of physiological factors or
unpleasant symptoms. To provide relief of these unpleasant symptoms, the patient was then
provided with information (both pamphlet and internet resources) regarding how to perform pelvic
floor muscle exercises. She was also provided with information regarding the potential risks and
benefits to the pelvic floor muscle training. By providing the patient with this information, the
nursing staff is using a noninvasive patient centered intervention to alleviate the that patient's
unpleasant symptoms. she was provided with information on how to perform pelvic floor muscle
exercises to help strengthen her pelvic floor and reduce the occurrence of urinary
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36.
37. A Urinary Tract Infection ( Uti )
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, which
includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. UTIs are the most common type of healthcare–
associated infection (HAI). Between 15–25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters
during their hospital stay (Drekonja, 2010, p. 31). A urinary catheter is a drainage tube that is
inserted into the bladder through the urethra. A catheter–associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract through the catheter and causes infection. Common
signs of UTIs are urgency, frequency and dysuria. These voiding symptoms will not be present in
patients with indwelling catheters. Symptoms that may help classifying a CAUTI would be fever or
hypothermia, suprapubic tenderness, or costovertebral angle pain or tenderness (Tillekeratne, 2014,
p. 13). Catheter–associated urinary tract infections cause increased healthcare costs, length of stay,
morbidity, and mortality. Infections can be acquired in many ways such as, on insertion of the
catheter via cross contamination or accidental catheterization into the vagina, not ensuring aseptic
technique, catheter care and maintenance, and cross–contamination when emptying the drainage
bags. There are many ways to decrease the risk of catheter–associated UTIs and nurses play a major
role in reducing these risks in order to prevent harm and save lives. To improve clinical care and
reduce the risks of
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38.
39. Nursing Fluid Balance Report
The learning objective to be addressed in this essay is to be more adept at filling out a fluid balance
chart and understand its importance. I intend to use the Driscoll (2007) reflective cycle as I find the
root process of interrogating and assessing events the most helpful at being reflective. The fluid and
electrolyte balance monitoring and management are essential and highly significant to nursing care
as highlighted by Jevon and Ewens (2007). Patients suffering from a negative fluid balance is
understood as suffering in dehydration according to the definition of dehydration by Jevon (2010)
Some symptoms of dehydration, as described by Goertz (2006) include thirst, headaches, dry skin,
weight loss, fatigue and pyrexia. From this point onward ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Luckily enough, my mentor remembered and wrote down the urine output for that hour. I was
criticised by my mentor for forgetting to do so and she reminded me of the importance of keeping
rigorously accurate fluid balance chart as post–operative patients are at a higher risk of
hypovolaemia and oliguriaThey are at risk of hypovolaemia due to fluid loss during the procedure
Hypovolaemia, the decrease in the volume of blood circulating in the body, can lead to tachycardia.
A tachycardic heart rate is not efficient in oxygen delivery to the organs. The increase of work
demand and decrease of oxygen delivered on the heart can cause rate related ischaemia (Hutchins,
2013). A study conducted by Vaughn et. al (2014) showed that oliguria, which left untreated can lead
to tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury (AKI)..She reminded me of its importance in delivering
excellent care and ensuring the patient's good health. The chastisement that I received from my
mentor made me feel somewhat disappointed as I felt that such a simple mistake could have been
easily avoided. Her reminder of the importance of giving the highest quality of care also made me
realise the importance of little thing in the care of the patient. Little things, when put together, make
something big and significant. Although I was disappointed with myself for making such a trivial
mistake, I soon realised that my mentor gave me an important job which I should have been more
careful with. I understood that I am accountable for my actions and partly accountable for whatever
outcome may befall to the patient. Moments afterwards, I accepted my mistake and was soon eager
to prove myself and be worthy of such a
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40.
41. Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), urinary tract
infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent healthcare associated infections with 93,300
healthcare related UTIs diagnosed in 2011. Seventy five percent of healthcare acquired UTIs are
catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Because of this, major efforts, including the
creation of preventive guidelines, have been made worldwide to reduce the numbers of these
infections. These guidelines center on using catheters only when they are needed and only for as
long as they are needed. They include specific situations in which catheters should be used which
mostly include operative procedures or medical situations that would require ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They found that there was solid evidence that antimicrobial catheters are able to prevent or at least
delay development of bacteriuria. This ability however varied greatly depending on population,
catheter type, and other variables. Their review showed less advantage over control catheters for
silver alloy coated catheters in current trials than in earlier trials. The authors hypothesized the
possibility of this effect being due to an exaggeration of the effect of these catheters in earlier trials
because of an advantage of newer silicone catheters over the older latex catheters which dilutes the
effect in later trials. They also hypothesized that catheter care had improved over time. Another
finding was that there seemed to be less of an advantage for silver alloy coated catheters over
controls than for nitrofurazone impregnated catheters. Finally, this review noted many gaps in the
literature such as the lack of comparison between treatment catheters and the lack of studies looking
at symptomatic UTI as a primary outcome variable. These were recommended as a possibilities for
future
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45. The Prevention Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
This literature review essay will demonstrate a review of four different research articles and research
related methodology The articles and review are based on the prevention of Catheter–associated
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The aim of this literature review is to review publications concerning
the management of Catheter–related to UTI 's including the prevention. Articles reviewed include
the various precaution and preventions concerning Catheter–associated urinary tract infection
(CAUTI) The article evidence summarized bellow was generated using a literature search conducted
for Randomised Controlled Trials, Systemic Review or quantitative and qualitative research.
A catheter is used in an event of an individual that has either had trauma or surgery and as a result
has temporary urinary retention (Patton & Thibodeau, 2013)
General strategies for the prevention of CAUTI include measures such as hand hygiene and
adherence. Strategies used for the prevention of CAUTI include using an aseptic technique for
catheter insertion, limiting the duration of urinary catheters, and following standard infection control
precautions for catheter care. Successful achievement implementation of these measures will result
in a decrease of CAUTI 's (Bennett, 2014).
CAUTI are a big problem within the clinical settings. Up to about 80% of individuals develop a UTI
due to the presence of a urinary catheter (American Association of critical Care, 2015). Long lasting
catheterization
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46.
47. The Use Of Automatic Real Time Tracking And Augmented 3d...
The interest to detect and track the endovascular devices during X–ray guided interventional
procedures spans over a decade. The recent developments in real–time detection, tracking,
visualization over an augmented reality with multi modality fusion has transformed the surgical
environment. However, it's quite challenging to combine robustness of automatic real–time tracking
and augmented 3D visualization. In addition, various endovascular procedures use different devices
and tracking requirements (tip or whole catheter).
The important parameters that affect the detection and tracking can be classified in to 3 broad
categories; endovascular devices, projection geometry and motion. At first, the detection of various
shapes and radio–opaque devices is a challenge. Secondly, the detection is challenged by image
magnification and image geometry by various projections (Cranio–caudal tilt). Thirdly, and
importantly real–time tracking challenged by the patient motion and the deformation of the vessel.
Over the years, many of these challenges were addressed with success limited to devices. However,
the potential clinical benefits; to deploy the fenestrated stent grafts accurately without blocking
branches of abdominal Aorta (renal), to reduce contrast medium injected that might reduce the risk
of renal pathologies, to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient, personal and the environmental,
sustains the research interest. In addition, a successfully registered 3D
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48.
49. Indwelling Catheter
This study focuses on whether the use of reminders assists in decreasing the use of urinary
cathethers and the occuruence of catheter associated urinary infections. UTI risk increases by 5
percent with the use of indwelling catheters. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
has recommended that patients receive catheters if indicated but over 41% of physicians have
ignored this and nursing staff have ignored evaluating when the catheter should be removed. Besides
noncompliance with the CDC, this study shows for patients who have catheters, the reminder system
will help to decrease the length of indwelling cathethers are potential UTI infection associated with
it. In previous studies, their has been different views as to whether ... Show more content on
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A stoma is an artificially creted hole in the abdomen that allows for the passage of stool and urine to
exit the body. Self–care is vital when one has a stoma. Perisotomal self–care is very important and
has been one of the main issues ostomates have experienced. The main characterisits seen with
peristomal site complications are discoloration, erosian, and tissue overgrowth. Previous studies, to
determine skin problems, with the use of SPSC have not been done. The hypothesis of this
randomized controlled study is that those who use SPSC will have a lower percentage of periostmal
skin problems (discolartion, erosion, and tissue overgrowth) than the CT group. To test out this
study, 81 elgible patients were chosen. Some of the Elibiity requirements included those who were
undergoing a colostomy or ilostomy, were 20–18 years of age, and understood why the study was
being done. These particpants were chosen from a single tertiary hospital. The 81 participants were
split into two groups, the SPSC (45 patients) and CT group (36 patients). Wound Ostomy Care
Nurses educated the each group on how they would care for their ostomies. Those with Standarised
Peristomal Skin Care (SPSC) use direct pouching on skin with powder if needed. Those with the
crusting technique use an artificial skin memberane over
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50.
51. The Fight Against Catheter Associated Urinary Tract...
Over the years, the nursing practice has developed mechanisms towards improving service delivery
through research and management training. The fight against Catheter–Associated Urinary Tract
Infections (CAUTIs) is one area that continuously attracts a lot of concern in nursing. Indwelling
urinary catheters (IUC) have been the best option in addressing CAUTI (Wilde et al., 2013). But this
has resulted in more health risks and compromised service delivery among nurses, calling for new
ways to either upgrade the existing mechanisms or invent new methods over the same. As a result,
the American Nurses Association, in conjunction with St. Francis Hospital clinical nurse specialists
is working on a pilot program that is in the last stages of its review. The program developed an
evidence–based tool to be used in catheterization. Its main focus is to determine how health facilities
can work together to improve the quality of service delivery through good management, as well as
evaluation of its implication on performance, training, and future nursing practice (St. Francis
Hospital and Medical Center, 2016). As a result, this paper examines the milestone achieved by St
Francis Hospital towards quality improvement in catheter–associated urinary tract contagions.
Literature Review The American Nurses Association and Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention indicate that CAUTI is the high prevalence healthcare–associated infection variety;
hence it accounts for at least 30% of acute
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52.
53. Urinary Retention: A Case Study
L: During my clinical experience, I was able to observe an intermittent catheterisation.
E: Initially, the nurse explained to us why the procedure was being completed. The patient was
experiencing urinary retention which is a result of the bladder's inability to empty fully (Wood,
2014, p. 1118). Additionally, there was a doctor's order for a specimen collection. First, the nurse
began the process by prepping for the procedure, this entails explaining the procedure to the patient,
cleaning the perineal area and setting up all the materials required. Following, the nurse lubricated
the tip of the catheter to decrease the friction while inserting the catheter through the urethral
meatus. Then the nurse retracted the labia to expose the urethral ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
p. 5). Assessing urine input and output can be an indication that the bladder is retaining urine
(Wood, 2014, p. 1123). We were able to drain approximately 400 mL from the bladder using an
intermittent catheter; however, the nurse stated there was approximately 300 mL still left in the
bladder. The use of an intermittent catheter has fewer risks associated with infection in comparison
to an indwelling catheter (RNAO, June 2004, p. 2). This is a result of an indwelling catheter
accumulating bacteria because it is used for long–term drainage (RNAO, June 2004, p. 2).
Therefore, the patient is more likely to be exposed to these harmful bacteria (RNAO, June 2004, p.
2). In this particular situation, I agree that the intermittent catheter was the best option for the patient
because of the reduced risk of infection. A nosocomial urinary tract infection will often result in an
extended stay of five to six day (RNAO, June 2004, p. 6). Moreover, the bladder was pocketing
resulting in urinary retention. It was crucial to remove this urine from the bladder so it does not
cause damage or patient discomfort (Wood, 2014, p. 1118). The intermittent catheter was able to
drain the urine into the bladder that was being
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54.
55. An Evidence Based Quality Improvement Project Using A...
I am writing to obtain permission to conduct an evidence–based quality improvement project using a
pretest/posttest design in your facility with the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of an
educational intervention regarding the importance and use of the nurse driven protocol on nurses '
knowledge and CAUTI rates.
This study will be done to fullfill requirements for completion of the Doctor of Nursing Practice
degree at Regis University, Denver, CO. The following information is an overview of the project:
Can Empowered Nurses Decrease CAUTI rates?
This project will employ a Population–Intervention–Comparative–Outcome (PICO) fromat for
development of the research question to be investigated:
Population: Nurses on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
O A nurse–driven protocol is the recommended tool to be used by the nurse to remove catheters
without orders following set CDC guidelines and prevent CAUTI
O Nurses are best positioned to make the decision to remove catheters as they are in direct and
constant contact with the patient.
O According to Hospital Compare Cape Fear Valley Hospital is labeled as as "Worse than national
bench mark" for CAUTI rates (Medicare.Gov, 2015)
O Potential for reduction in reimbursement by 1– % if it falls with other hospitals that rank among
the lowest– performing 25 percent with regards to Hospital Acquired conditions (HAC): CAUTI
being of them.
O The hospital already has protocols in place, but the need for education regarding these protocl is
great.The need on these protocols are great Type of Study: Pretest, education, posttest quality
improvement
Participant Requirement: Full and part time nurses
Risks, Cost, and Benefits:
There no risk to the patients. Nurses may have to work longer hours to care for patients with
CAUTIs. The hospital will have to pay for the cost of re–education of staff and shoulder the
intangible cost that may
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56.
57. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is defined as the occurrence of a urinary tract
infection (UTI) in patients with a urinary catheter in the past 48 hours. Published guidelines by the
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) further defines CAUTI by the presence of
significant bacteriuria of ≥ 103 CFU/ml found in the urinalysis and signs and symptoms of a UTI
without the presence of another cause for these findings. Signs and symptoms of CAUTI could
include: altered mental status, fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, and
hematuria. If the catheter has been removed in the past 48 hours the symptoms could also include
urgency and frequency (Fakih et al., 2016).
A2. Significance of the problem
The most common health care associated infection (HAI) is CAUTI. Forty percent of all hospital–
acquired infections are UTIs and 80% of these are directly linked to having an indwelling urinary
catheter in place (Underwood, 2015). Urinary catheters are required in up to 25% of hospitalized
patients and bacteriuria results in about 25% of patients with a catheter for greater than 5 days and
this number increases by 1 to 5% for each day the catheter is in place after that. The harmful
consequences of CAUTI include increased length of stay, higher health care cost, and increased
mortality. CAUTI is known to cost health care in the U.S. $400–$500 million annually (Leuck et al.,
2015).
A3. Current Practice
The growing concerns over
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58.
59. Microbiology
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (Author's name)
(Institutional Affiliation)
Catheterization is a frequently part of care for various surgical procedures. The study confirmed that
patients lacked knowledge in catheterization and most of the patients were limited in decision
making on when the catheter was to be removed. The clinical problem and research problem that led
to the study being carried in the clinic was that the use of urinary catheter on patients, whom had not
vacated the hospital lead to progressive bacterial settlement of the bladder at speed of approximately
5% per day. The increasing threat of the CAUTI infection, in the National Health Service steered to
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the references were recent, three to four years in difference from the year of the study and
also other references were older than five years, which helped in quantitative study for example
Lincoln (1985) contribution. In this study the author outlined some of the limitations of the study,
which included, a small section of patients from one surgical specialty was a limiting factor in the
study. Secondly the study did not combine methods such as questionnaire to increase the sample
magnitude. According to the findings of the study the information gathered was adequate to logical
argument about the fact that delayed removal of catheter was leading to patients' contraction of
infections through the examination of the symptoms shown by some of the patients. Most of the
uncertainties were associated with lack of information, as one of the female participant conveyed
dissatisfaction with information provided to her before surgery, which instigated to the need for the
search of information online, this information helped her after the surgery. The perspective, from
which the study was developed, revolved around the length of time catheter should take after
surgery before it is removed from the patient. The lengthier catheter stayed on the patient, the more
chances the patient was likely to be infected.
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60.
61. The Antibacterial And Antiseptic Impregnated Catheters
Methodology
Extraneous Variables
It is very important for the researcher to control the extraneous variable that could affect the study
results. The extraneous variables that would affect the results in this study include, the catheter
material, the catheter care, and the method of obtaining the urine sample. To control the catheter
material, this study will be using the antimicrobial and antiseptic–impregnated catheters instead of
the standard catheters as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2009 guidelines because they are effective in reducing the risk of CAUTIs. To control the catheter
care, the study will follow the CDC guidelines for routine catheter care by ensuring that all the
indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) maintain a sealed drainage system, and an unobstructed urine
flow. In addition, the nursing staff will be cleansing the meatal area daily with warm soapy water
instead of antiseptics, while maintaining the standard precautions including hand hygiene and
wearing of gloves while performing peri–urethral care. To control the procedure for obtaining urine
sample, the study will use the CDC recommendation for collecting the urine sample aseptically, by
aspirating the urine from the sampling port with a sterile syringe after thoroughly cleansing the port
with an antiseptic wipe (Gould et al., n.d.).
Instruments
Choosing an instrument to measure study variables is a very crucial in research. If a researcher
chose to use an existing
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62.
63. Reflection About My Clinical Experience
Also, the objective is to find patient's document finding and correlate it with chronic disease process
of elderly adults. With this reflection, I will discuss what I've learned, and my strengths and
weakness in my clinical experience.
Day 1
On Thursday the 9th, I worked with a patient who is a 74 years old male, with general weakness.
His admitting diagnosis was caused by the metastasis of prostate cancer to the bone. Talking to the
patient was an amazing experience for me because we liked the same thing such as the NBA. He
told me that he was a lawyer and that all of his children are grown up and successful. He does a
wife, who I did not see during my rotation. But, it was easy to talk to communicate with him. I have
always had social anxiety growing up. Talking to people had always been my weakness because I
was always worried about how people would perceive me when I talked. However, now that I have
grown up, I learned to look past my social anxiety. I learned that from shutting my brain off that
caused me overthink, facilitated me to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was slightly familiar with the foley catheter, however, I need some slight guidance. I knew that I
needed to drain the foley bag because it was slightly full, but I did not know where to unclamp to
drain it. The nurse's aid taught me how to unclamp the bag so I can drain the urine. I also learned
that when moving the patient who has a foley bag, it was important to make sure that the patient is
not going to get a UTI. UTI can be caused by holding the foley bag at a higher positon causing the
urine to backtrack. It is important to keep that in mind as a healthcare worker. I have not been skill
checked on foley catheters, however, I need to practice working around foley catheters to protect the
patient. I could always go on youtube and search videos on foley catheters or I can use the perry and
potter book to learn
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64.
65. Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection
Catheter related blood stream infection is very common to patients receiving haemodialysis
treatment. Although catheters provide vascular access, they put the patients at risk for developing
local and systemic infections. Dialysis CRBSI can be obtained during insertion in the operating
theatre and handling of the catheter by the health care team post insertion. Causes include improper
technique in hand washing, breaking principles of aseptic technique when managing catheters and
contaminated supplies. It is quite tough to describe and to put a figure on the occurrence of dialysis
CRBSI despite the presence of standardised procedures in every institution. One more concern
would be the systems for reporting cases of CRBSI among dialysis ... Show more content on
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The appraisals ran for four weeks during September 2010 in all dialysis units mentioned earlier.
The outcome of the audits on clinical practice which involved forty occasions of CVDC procedures
revealed differences in routine practice. Nurses differ greatly in maintaining cleanliness of work
area before opening the sterile supplies, preserving the dressing set's sterility and if proper hand
scrubbing was either finished or not before touching the catheter. There were also instances when
either the patient or the nurse coughs and talks while the catheter was out in the open.
Documentation audit results which included charts of fifty–five patients with CVDC demonstrated
significant contrast of medical records in the bedside to the electronic database in the unit. It appears
that logging of insertions and removals were done obediently on the electronic database compared to
bedside medical records which accounts to merely 10 percent of catheter site appearance recorded
and just 55 percent on documented CVC catheter care for each treatment. Based from the end
results, the working party devised a standardised routine for managing central venous dialysis
catheter in order to decrease differences in practise as well as to warrant evidence based practice. A
standard haemodialysis treatment form has also been adjusted to include a part wherein the
observations regarding the catheter exit site as well as dressing could be examined and recorded in
every session of dialysis.
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66.
67. The High Incidence Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract...
The high incidence of catheter–associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) during the patient's
admission can result in further complication and could potentially increase their hospital days. This
could delay the patient's recovery time, causing emotional and financial distress and possible death
if CAUTI goes unnoticed. There are research studies focusing on the prevalence of CAUTI and all
previous studies show that it is in the best interest of the patient to discontinue the Foley catheters as
soon as possible to decrease the rate of infections. In some health care organizations, different
approaches have been indicated to tackle this problem. CAUTI rounding teams have shown positive
results leading to a number of health care facilities to implement the rounding team into their
practice for the benefit of the patient population.
Keywords: catheter–associated urinary tract infections, CAUTI, urinary tract infection, UTI, Foley
catheter infection, infection control
Indirect Clinical Project
Catheter–associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) have been studied in clinical situations where
it is in the best interest of the patient to discontinue as soon as possible to decrease the infection
rates. Prompt Foley catheter removal as soon as indicated improves patient outcomes (Magers,
2013). When a Foley catheter remains indwelling, there is chance for bacteria to migrate up the
urethra causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Glowicz, 2015). If gone
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68.
69. Leadership Learning Experience : The Hospital 's Current...
Leadership Learning Experience PYT1
A1. Problem
The practice issue identified in collaboration with the MICU nurse manager for this task is non–
adherence to the current catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention protocol.
A1a. Explanation of Problem
The hospital's current practice for CAUTI prevention includes the use of the HOUDINI protocol.
This protocol features the acronym for the strict indications required for the insertion and the
continued use of the urinary catheter (hematuria, obstruction, urologic surgery, decubitus ulcer,
intake and output, no code/comfort care, and immobilization). The physician places the original
order for the catheter with HOUDINI protocol and chooses the indication that applies. The order
empowers the nurse to assess the patient daily for the continued indications and to remove any
urinary catheter that no longer meets the indications. Hospital wide the protocol has been successful
at decreasing CAUTI rates, however the target for CAUTI rates is 0 and our current rate is 1.37 per
1000 catheter days. Intensive care units have higher urinary catheter usage than in medical surgical
or telemetry units (Halm, O'Conner, 2014). In MICU the most common indication for a urinary
catheter is the need for accurate intake and output on patients with hemodynamic instability. Staff
nurses are required to assess the patient daily and readdress the continued indications. In the past
month no urinary catheters were removed
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70.
71. Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
Running head: EVIDENCE–BASED NURSING PRACTICE
Evidence–Based Nursing Practice
Karen Medley
Walden University
NURS 4000 Section 05, Research and Scholarship for Evidence–Based Practice)
July 22, 2012
Abstract
For patients that have indwelling catheters, with the evidence–based practice and standards of care,
UTI's does still continue to be an ongoing problem today. In one of the large hospitals in my area
had recently developed a poster and video approach with special focus on alternatives to urinary
catheterization, removing catheters early, and the reinforcement of sterile technique prior insertion
and foley catheter care were used to educate nursing staff and improve outcomes. The purpose of
this paper is to educate nursing on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The lower income communities are probably more affected. The cost of a single episode to treat
UTI's ranges from $980–$2900, depending on the presence of the bacteremia (Saint, 2000).
Differences in care based on evidence Sterile technique is required for insertion of an indwelling
urinary catheter in the hospital setting, but clean technique can be used for intermittent
catheterization in non–acute settings. By itself, sterile technique on insertion doesn't prevent UTI's.
Prevention of UTI's depends on knowledge of causes, proper care techniques, and early catheter
removal. Nurses are taught early on in school that sterile technique helps to reduce infections. It was
drilled in our heads the entire time and now to have the evidence tell us that early catheter removal,
along with proper technique good hand hygiene is the key to reduce UTI's.
Summary
UTI's is an all too common problem that causes unnecessary distress to patients and delays their
recovery during their hospital stay. All healthcare professionals should adhere to these good practice
points that could reduce the risk of UTI's and assure staff that they are demonstrating best practice in
their care.
References
Burke J.P. (2003). Infection control– a problem for patient safety. New England Journal Medicine,
348(7):651–656.
Hobbs F.B. (2001).The elderly population. US Census Bureau, Population
74. The National Patient Safety Goal
This paper, will discuss the National Patient Safety Goal NPSG 0.7.06.01 entitled " Use proven
guidelines to prevent infection of the urinary tract that are caused by catheter" (The Joint
Commission, 2015). It will identify reasons why this National Patient Safety Goal was chosen as
well as the type of organizations that utilize urinary catheters. It will look into financial implications
of implementing educational process versus the hospital cost of Catheter–Associated Urinary
Infections (CAUTI). The Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) will demonstrate method on how to
gather data, design educational tool, implement standard practice and create a committee by
collaborating with other health care discipline. Effectiveness of the educational process will be
evaluated through data collection. Finally, future health care delivery implications will be explored.
Description of Goal
The National Patient Safety Goal NPSG 0.7.06.01 entitled " Use proven guidelines to prevent
infection of the urinary tract that are caused by catheter." was selected (The Joint Commission,
2015). Gould et al. (2010) reported that in an acute care hospital, a urinary catheter is the most
commonly used medical devices (as cited in Acker, 2014). What is a urinary catheter? Urinary
catheter is a thin tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine. A collection system bag is connected
to the catheter (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). Gokula et al. (2014) asserted,
short–term and long–term
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75.
76. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections
The purpose of this paper is to identify an issue identified by the National Council of State Boards
of Nursing NCLEX examination blueprint. The identified issue that I will be addressing for this
paper is catheter associated urinary tract infections and is under the category of safety and infection
control; according to (INSERT NCSBN CITATION) this issue falls under the overview of safe and
effective care for patients. The importance of addressing this issue is one that can potentially aid in
the patient having a higher satisfaction rate for the facility and the facility not potentially having to
pay for services not covered by insurance after the infection develops. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Taking a look at the patients that have increased rates tend to be of female gender due to the
shortened urethra which allows the bacteremia to travel at a shorter distance than that of males,
some of the other risk factors for higher catheter associated urinary tract infections include patients
that are of older age, prolonged catheterization and impaired immunity (Conway, Larson 2012).
With respect to cultural values that may affect this situation they are none that I could find
correlating with catheter associated hospital infections. Proposed Solution
Through extensive research into catheter associated urinary tract infections there are many different
approaches to reducing the modifiable risk factors and the incidence of catheter associated urinary
tract infections in the hospital setting that can be used in any unit to reduce the liability of catheter
associated urinary tract infections. According to (Gesmundo, 2016)) the prolonging of the catheter
removal is one of the major reasons for catheter associated urinary tract infections. When adopting
the principles of how to lower the rate the success begins at the time of admission and
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77.
78. Essay On Foley Catheter Care
Foley Catheter Care, Adult
A Foley catheter is a soft, flexible tube that is placed into the bladder to drain urine. For as long as
your catheter is in place, you will need to:
Care for the skin around your catheter.
Empty, change, and clean drainage bags.
Check on your catheter throughout the day to make sure it is working properly and the tubing is not
twisted or curled.
Taking good care of your catheter will keep it working properly and prevent infections and other
problems from developing.
HOW TO CARE FOR THE SKIN AROUND YOUR CATHETER
It is important to take good care of your skin when you have a catheter in place. To do this:
Clean the skin around the catheter at least once every day.
Shower every day. Do not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A clean towel.
Adhesive tape or a leg strap.
Steps
Wash your hands with soap and water.
Wet a washcloth in warm water and mild soap.
Wipe the skin around where the catheter was put in with the washcloth. Wipe away from the catheter
in small circles. Do not wipe toward the catheter because this can push bacteria into the urethra and
cause infection.
79. Pat the area dry with a clean towel. Make sure to remove all traces of soap.
Attach the catheter to your leg with adhesive tape or a leg strap, making sure there is no tension on
the catheter. If you are using adhesive tape, first remove any sticky residue left behind by the
previous tape you used.
Place the drainage bag below the level of your bladder, but keep it off the floor.
HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR DRAINAGE BAGS
You should have received a large overnight drainage bag and a smaller leg bag that fits underneath
clothing. You may wear the overnight bag at any time, but you should never wear the smaller leg
bag at night. Empty your drainage bag when it is ⅓–½ full or at least 2–3 times a day. Change your
drainage bag once a month or sooner if it starts to smell bad or look dirty.
How To Empty a Drainage Bag
Supplies
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