Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel

Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia,...
Before the beginning of history, people from across the land gradually developed numerous cultures,
each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt,
Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political
and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a
hunter–gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it.
Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, these
floods would destroy major cities, but for the Egyptians it would keep the soil rich all year long
without the damage that the Mesopotamians had experienced. ... Show more content on
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Egyptian women could enter into contracts under their own name; they could initiate civil court
cases and could, likewise, be sued; they could serve as witnesses in court cases; they could serve on
juries; and they could witness legal documents. Religion was practiced throughout Ancient
Mesopotamia and Egypt. Both the Mesopotamians and Egyptians shared polytheistic beliefs. Each
god was responsible for an action, but they did not consider the gods to be equal in Mesopotamian
society, in order to please the gods, a sacrifice must be made to please them in order to avoid the
god's wrath. The separation of church and state did not exist in both ancient civilizations, pharaohs
of Egyptian society was known to be a god on Earth, the incarnation of Horus, the falcon god. The
Mesopotamian rulers were known as a representative to the gods. Although they worship to several
different gods, they do have differences between the two. The idea of an afterlife, In Mesopotamia
didn't exist but for the Egyptians the idea of an afterlife was of significant importance to them,
rituals were held to ensure that the body and soul would be ready for an eternal life after death. The
writing systems of both the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians have many similarities. Pictographic
writing, which was developed by the
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The Polis: The City Of Ancien Ancient Greece
A city–state can be defined as a political city composed of an independent city with hegemony over
a particular surrounding area. It serves as an authority in political, cultural, religious and economic
life. Greeks, like the Sumerians, lived in city–states. They called these city–states a polis. The polis
was a city and its surrounding countryside. The city was where people from the entire polis could
meet to discuss politics, worship, or get together socially. Greek city–states evolved form small
farming villages. They built walls around themselves and also built communal meeting places and
marketplaces. The Greek polis had certain characteristics like the Acropolis, which was a protected
area located at the top of a hill and was the primary location for people to gather in the city–states.
Agora an open area located below the acropolis where people could gather and it acted as a market.
People could as well hide out here during attacks as well as religious temples were built here. ...
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The ancient Greeks referred to themselves as citizens of their individual city–states. Each city–state
had its own personality, goals, laws, and customs. City–States believed in one God and they all
spoke the same language. The polis comprised of three groups citizens with political rights, citizens
with no political rights, and non–citizens. There was no central government in ancient Greece. Each
city–state had its own form of government. Some city–states, like Corinth, were ruled by kings.
Some, like Sparta, were ruled by a small group of men. Others, like Athens, had new forms of

The Necessity of Roles in Ancient Athens Essay
The Necessity of Roles in Ancient Athens
The dramatic growth of ancient Athens from a powerful polis to an Aegean Empire was a result of
the hierarchy in ancient Athens. The roles of the people played a big part in this advancement.
Therefore, the roles in ancient Athens were very structured and rigid. The male citizens worked very
hard politically, while they left the women with the task of bearing children, and the slaves with the
backbreaking physical work that allowed the city to function. In ancient Athens, men held all the
important positions in society and ran the government. Accordingly, they spent very little time at
their home. Within the class of male citizens there were small classes based on wealth. "Many
Athenian farmers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This states two of the responsibilities of male citizens in ancient Athens. They also had many more
responsibilities such as running the government, overseeing or working the crops, sailing, hunting,
manufacturing, or were involved in trade. For fun, the men enjoyed drinking parties, wrestling, and
participating in the Olympic games. The men worked hard for their city, however, were not very
involved in the manual labor, which was just as important to the city.
Women were responsible for providing the men with offspring and running the household. Women
had very few rights and were mostly kept locked up inside their home. "In Athens, women were
considered citizens, but they were barred from any political activity. Women were thought to belong
in the house, caring for the children and the needs of the household," (Spielvogel 84). This is how it
was in ancient Athens, however unfair. Women should have had just as many rights as male citizens,
because they did an equal amount of work, but as we all know, life isn't always fair. "In classical
Athens, a woman's place was in the home. She had two major responsibilities as a wife–bearing and
raising children and managing the household," (Spielvogel 85). Women shouldn't just be the
property of their husbands only good for chores around their household. The women would barely
be allowed outside the house, only to visit

Greek Social Structure
Regarding the Greek polis, I believe it plays an important role in the forming of competiting but not
necessarily incompatible Greek cultures and identities as well as how social organization and
political structure evolved. The mountainous area of Greece lead to the division of Greece based on
the available flat lands (The Ohio State University, n.d.). Several settlements in a region would have
merged together (or subjugated by others in the same region) throughout the Archaic period,
followed by urbanization (The Saylor Foundation, n.d.). We can see the evidence of this in Sparta's
dual kingship (Brand, n.d.). Early in the period, subsistence based farming might have been
practiced, but as the polis developed, social order also evolved and ... Show more content on
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The Mediterranean sea offers transport and communication routes between different poleis as well
as Asia and Africa and the mountaineous regions did not necessarily make land transport impossible
(The Ohio State University, n.d.). In the Iliad, the Greeks are referred to as Danaans or Archaeans or
Argives, implying a sense of shared identity (Homer, trans. 2017). However, underlying the shared
identity is a sense of identities based on geographical regions that one come from. In the Catalogue
of Ships, we can see examples of this through lines such as "And those who held Athens, well
founded city...........And their leader was Menestheus, son of Peteoos" (Homer, trans. 2017) or "And
those that dwel in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with...........these were
lead by Menelaos of the loud battle–cry" (Homer, trans.). Religion and culture formed a context for
developing the shared pan–Hellenic identity as well as the identity of the poleis. Thus the City
Dionysia festival in Athens (MacLennan, 2014) might have created a sense of solidarity for the
Athenians and the Carneia became an important festival for Sparta (Schmitz, 1875), while Pan–
Hellenic rituals and religions such as the Eleusinian mysteries provided a shared sense

Essay on The Rise of European Empires
The one constant theme from any period in history we examine seems to be that of change. As
Europe began to take shape, it did so with an expansion and contraction rate that was dramatically
impacted by changes in political organizations, positive and negative economic forces, and through
shifts in social structure. The path to the creation of the European empires was a long and tedious
journey. Sixth century feudalism gave way to the creation of a central authority. The thirteenth
century was scarred by the Black Death but it brought about economic changes that would resonate
well into the Renaissance period of the fifteenth century. Nation–states began their formation as the
need for a centralized government dictated. With each step ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This shift of power ushered a wave of broader taxation, organized armies, government officials
rather than nobility and, a rise of power in the middle class.
The thirteenth century saw the arrival of the Black Death, which was one of the most destructive
pandemics to strike Europe during the mid thirteenth century. It was believed to have been brought
aboard ships from Asia, it "arrived in Messina, Sicily, in October 1347 and then landed in London
around 1348, without waning until the spring of 1350. It is "generally assumed to have killed
between one third and one half of the populace" but being carried over to Scotland, it was being
spread and began to rejuvenate its wrath "in the spring of 1350" there, before making its way over
southward to Wales then back up into Ireland. The plague reappeared in "1361–64, 1368, 1371,
1371–75, 1390, 1405 and continued into the fifteenth century." The result was a dramatic reduction
in population, a surplus of luxury goods, land and money to those who would not have otherwise
had access to it; and, an increased need for laborers. Because of the increase in prosperity in the
aftermath of the darkness spread by the Black Death, there was a need for political change away
from structures that were created during periods of great instability. Between 1337 and 1453, The
Hundred Years War between England and

Poleis Research Paper
Poleis Polis can be translated from Greek to mean city and refers to the Greek city–
states(Dictionary.com., 2017).In ancient Greece, during the archaic and classical–era, city–states
was how Greece divided itself. A polis was, essentially, " its own small country"(Brand, P. J., n.d.).
A polis was independent of their neighboring polis. They answered only to themselves, and no one
else.Think of the states within the United States of America. Each has its own capital, a system of
government, laws, constitution, natural resources, and approach to dealing with the general public.
Now, imagine if there was no federal government, making sure the states do what is right, and
keeping the peace between the states. Each state would look ... Show more content on
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A classic example of this would be the poleis Athens and Sparta. Sparta was a warrior state, was
governed by two kings, a committee of elders, and to, some extent, the free–born males of the state
(Brand, P. J., n.d.). Athens was a democracy of sorts. If you were a native Athenian, free–born, and
male, you could have a say in the government rulings and dealings(Brand, P. J., n.d.).Spartans
valued traits such as being cunning and stealthy and did not care for the arts. Athens was a state of
philosophy, the arts, education, and given over to academic pursuits. While both Poleis were in the
area known as Greece, they couldn't have been more different.
To conclude, it is important to understand how poleis worked so we can further understand how
ancient Greece worked. Ancient Greece is the birthplace of many western ideas, such as democracy,
the USA marine corps, and the way some governments set up their countries and laws. We cannot
hope to understand ancient Greece without first understanding how their government worked, how
they organized themselves, and how they ran things. Polis is the bases on which Greek society was
based on and therefore is important for us to fully understand what a polis is to be able to fully
understand Western

Mesopotamia Geography Challenges
From Small to Large
How small villages became large city–states
INTRODUCTION
Long, long ago, before the invention of TV, the radio, and phones, people lived in ways that are very
questionable and thought provoking to us today. Their traditions, customs , and culture are very
different than ours. Many questions have arisen, and many have been answered. But, as always, the
are those few questions that were never given an answer. Today we will be looking at many
questions, yet there is one question that we will be thinking about throughout this entire essay. How
did geographic challenges lead to the rise of city–states in Mesopotamia? This question and much
more will be answered within this text, And who knows? Maybe you'll find a question of your own
to answer!
FOOD SHORTAGES IN THE HILLS
In the foothills of the Zagros mountains thousands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the biggest challenges there was an uncontrollable water supply. When snow from the
Zagros mountains melted, it fed the rivers and made them floodThey had solutions, oo. They learned
to build levees and created a form of irrigation for crops to flourish. They learned to build canals,
but they needed to be cleaned regularly. Overall, they learned to build for the better. The canals
proved to be a game changer for them. The canals needed to be cleared of silt frequently, so people
of different villages teamed together for the job. Eventually they began to live together, forming the
first Sumerian city states. But why were they called city states? The villages had grown into small
country–like places, so we call them city states because they are basically cities and are like states.
Think about it like the United States. Each state has its own capital city, right? Each of those cities is
like a city–state. They are cities within a much larger piece of land, or a state. They are called
Sumerian city states because they were located in the lands of

Ancient Greek Polis Essay
Polis ,which is the result of evolution of civilization of ancient Greece,is a product of of civilization
of ancient Greece. it is based on the city as the center of country, is an independent sovereign
state.So we can exclude the country which has vast territory,include has many city.It is territorial
state.Because territorial state has vast territory,people and people did not have a close regime,it
could not implement the control of people. In this essay,I will talk about different aspect of the polis
of ancient Greece, what is the polis?what is the place of origin of the polis? why Ancient Greeks
create the polis,but they did not create a unified nation?Also I will talk about the fail of polis ,and
than the influence of polis. On the other hand, ancient Greece had many polis, the Athens and Sparta
are two major polis of Greece.They took a different road,which one is better? After than, I will talk
about what is Athenian democracy? what is the key factor for the formation of democratic politics?
Finally,I will talk about the relationship between the polis and Athenian democracy
Polis is a political community of ancient Greek.It is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ancient Greece had many polis, the Athens and Sparta are two major polis of Greece.However,they
took a different road, they are on the political ideology, economic development, cultural life and
performance are different in many ways. Athens is a polis of democracy, it is democracy system of
government, commerce and trade as the basis for statehood.Literary, artistic and scientific
achievements, both of them are pioneer of Greek.However, Sparta was a Polis of Militarism,pursue
militarism, founded on agriculture, emphasis on military training, the whole city is like a big camp.
After the Persian War, ancient Greece is basically the center of Athens and Sparta. However, these
two are not completely mastered over Greece's highest political

The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli Analysis
APPARTS (The Prince – Niccolo Machiavelli)
Author: The speaker of the excerpt is Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli is considered to be the first
political philosopher. Employed as a diplomat of the state, Machiavelli wrote Histories, a book
about the decline of prestige of Italian city–states. The Medici family had a grudge against
Machiavelli, and therefore exiled him from Florence. After the powerful Medici family exiled him
to his house in the countryside, Machiavelli wrote The Prince in attempt to make his political
ideology known, and in hope to be reemployed by the state.
Place and Time: This book was written in 1513 during his year in exile. During this time, Italian city
states were in a state of economic turmoil. The Italian city states were being constantly invaded by
France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. In 1512, French forces were driven away from
Florence, and the Medici family regained power in the state. Niccolo Machiavelli was accused of a
charge, when he was truly innocent. Machiavelli, half–exiled, half–seeking refuge, fled to his
countryside house where he wrote this book.
Prior Knowledge: Niccolo Machiavelli was a state diplomat, during the times of the Hapsburg–
Valois wars. As such, his allegiance was constantly shifting. The disarray of the Italian city–states
was infuriating to Machiavelli, as he believed that a ruler should be able to govern his own nation.
This led to him writing Histories. The Medici family, seeing this as an insult to the

Ancient Greek City Research Paper
These city–states or polis were based on religion, the state, and society. This societal way of life did
not allow for the separation of the three. The rules regarding belief in natural inequality, and
continued male hierarchy, were indisputable, mirroring that of the ancient families. With the
increased populous we see the conversion of the 'Father', ruler of his home and family, into that of a
King, ruling over the people within the Roman and Greek cities. With a lack of doctrines connecting
one community to another, the people and their gods were only interested with the welfare of their
particular city, its people, and its protection. The birth of Kingships developed from this necessity
and proved to be of significant importance to the city. The King served as the priest to the city,
military head, and magistrate of the city. After all, "who better to lead the city in war than the priest
whose knowledge of the sacred formulas and prayers 'saved' the city everyday?" ... Show more
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These laws originally stemmed from the religious ideology from those inside the city. It was these
laws, which applied to the men who sacrificed at the temples with their fellow male citizens; these
were the only men who carried citizenship. Simply living within the city did not guarantee safety or
protection by the established laws. However it was these laws, shaped by religious beliefs, which
ancient patriotism was built upon. The men who fought in these cities while under siege, did not do
so out of their own interest or to uphold the rights of individuals. Those fighting lacked the
comradery established from historical encounters which most modern day states have based their
current identity. Patriotism of the ancient man was unmotivated by self–preservation, rather it was
conducted through an obligation of duty to their state and

The Roman And Greek Political Systems
The Roman and Greek political systems have influenced the governments across the globe today,
and have even introduced political words such as democracy, monarchy, and tyranny. However,
Rome was influenced by the Greek, they introduced a republic view seen today then the democracy
of Greek city–states. During the time of these two civilizations, they held many overlapping
similarities, and other times showing the vast difference between the related civilizations such as the
location of each city–state, how much power a women had, and the separation of the groups in each
political system. The city–state system highly effected the growing political parties of each
civilization's development. Greek city–states were surrounded on a peninsula by mountains and
islands. This separated them from one another, and created different political systems. Due to
forming independently they clashed with other independent city–states examples being that of
Athens and Sparta. Sparta was a very strict city–state that had an aristocratic rule and high focus on
military. Yet, Athens being a widely accepting community showed a connection between Rome, they
were more of a democracy than any other political system. Rome had more room to grow
continentally, unlike the smaller city states of Grease, this civilization formed as one big city–state
that soon evolved into the Roman Republic and conquered others and even offered citizenship to the
conquered minorities afterwards. Roman political

Ancient Greece and Greek Gods Essay
University of Phoenix Material Ancient World Worksheet Complete the matrix section and the
question section on the worksheet for each week. For each culture, identify the starting and ending
dates of the culture, the structure of government, the role of the city government, and type of law
created by the culture. Describe how the culture viewed the relationship between gods and people
and how it defined citizenship. List the major events the culture experienced. The purpose of the
matrix is to help you summarize what you have learned in this course. Keep it brief and organized.
Write short phrases or bullets to summarize your ideas in the matrix. Use footnotes for longer
comments when necessary. |Week |Culture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Believed in | |1650 – Hittites sack| | | | |to their laws. Cities were to act |international laws, |divine
origin of royalty. | |Babylon. 1360 – | | | | |in the best interest of the |war could only be |Magical
rituals to aide | |conquer the Mittani.| | | | |empire. |declared after proper |deities. | |1340 – conquer | | |
| | |legal action. Treaties| | |Arzawa kingdom. 1200| | | | | |differed depending on | | |– empire ended | | |
| | |the power of other | | | | | | | | |nation in comparison | | | |

Rebirth Of The Italian Renaissance
Evolution, change, progressing, transformation . . . the Renaissance. A cultural rebirth, a time of
change, of the progression back into the Roman and Greek arts and literature, a time period that
made its mark in history. Power and wealth were key to the rebirth of the arts, and Italy was an ideal
location. In the Italian Renaissance, people began to look beyond tangible ideas, alternatively,
pondering the abstract world, the philosophy of life, reforming the Christian Church into art, and
artist were given the artistic freedom to choose the theme and style of their art, but not only was
there a rebirth of the art, there was a changing of the government and people. To begin to unveil that
story of the Italian Renaissance, one has to look into the philosophy of the Greek and Romans. One
example are the Greek philosophers Plato, and Aristotle, who greatly impacted the Renaissance with
their teachings. Plato's teachings were tied into the Catholic church and made as a symbolic
reference to God as the highest form of love, spiritual desire for pure, perfect beauty uncorrupted by
human desires. This lead people like Pico della Mirandola to form the belief and theory that the
universe was a hierarchy of beings from God down through the spiritual beings, with humans in the
center as being half spiritual and half material. He took what knowledge he had of Plato's teachings
and further went in depth finding a new rebirth of the idea, in which he says that humans were free
to

How Did Greek Decentralization
Decentralization was positive to Ancient Greece. Decentralization allowed Greek city–states to
experiment with unique forms of government and led to prosperity and advancements in art,
technology, math, science and military areas.
Greece could not be centralized because of its geography. The mountainous regions are significant
in that they prevented Greek city–states from unifying and the uneven terrain and transportation
made connection and communication difficult. With so little fertile land and fresh water, it was
impossible to support a large, demanding population as a centralized government would. Therefore
the Greeks gave their loyalty to local, small communities.
Decentralization allowed Greek city–states to experiment with unique forms of government.
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, believed that there were four forms of government existed in Greece,
for example, monarchy, democracy, oligarchy and lastly tyranny. Athens was widely known for
inventing the idea, democracy. All major matters of public policy were determined at meetings of
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sparta was one of the most efficient and strongest of the leading Greek city states in its time. The
Spartans were highly organized and their land based army was almost untouchable, both in its battle
skills and it's mastery of warfare tactics and fighting (Document 2). For a long time, Spartan armies
provided military support to Greek city–states, yet without decentralization, would the military
power of Greece have been as strong as it was during the existence of Spartan warriors? If the Greek
city–states were centralized, Spartan's army wouldn't be considered as one of the most efficient and
strongest military in its time. The centralized country will need a larger army, however it is more
difficult to control over a large group of people compared to the smaller group, and also city such as
Sparta won't be able to grow or build their own

The Modern Age Presents Multiple Channels For Action,...
The modern age presents multiple channels for action, dialogue and discussion. Furthermore, social
and political thought suggests that spaces of remembrance encourage understanding, thought and
reflection. Thus, it is thought that memory holds vast opportunities to mend the of frailty of human
affairs. Good deeds, when reified into memories can be held up to be replicated, or possibly
surpassed in the future. Yet the process of memorialisation is often contested, for the formation of
memory can only occur in retrospect – on behalf of someone or something. Public commemoration
is a difficult process, as it simplifies and condenses complex stories at the cost of omitting others.
Thus, spaces of remembrance can become spaces of contestation, and memory entails political risk.
Memory presents a crucial tension in the network of ideas and action, which are both public and
private. It is not only central to improving the frailty of human affairs, it is a dauntingly complex
process weaved with intrinsically personal reflections, which, leads us to the fundamental paradox
of memory. Memory is crucial to the public realm, but it originates within. Furthermore, the modern
age multiplies spaces of remembrance presenting an unfettered opportunity to improve the frailty of
human affairs. Yet, the contestation of memories such as those in war have often been internalised,
and thus refuted on a deeply personal level – to challenge mourning is viewed as perverse act of
disrespectful to the

Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing and Renaissance...
Shakespeare's play "Much Ado About Nothing" takes place in Messina, a city–state of Renaissance
Italy. The Renaissance was a period in European history believed to have been between AD 1300
and AD 1600 with a feudal society of agricultural economy and church dominated culture. It was
during the Renaissance that Europe was transformed into a society dominated by central political
institutions with education, arts and music heavily influenced by the Christian religion. In Italy,
cities such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan, and Venice flourished. These cities were able to finance
cultural achievements. Medieval Italian merchants developed commercial and financial techniques
such as bookkeeping and bills of exchange. Italian city–states were ... Show more content on
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One of John's men enacts a scene at Hero's window with a woman who appears to be Hero. When
Claudio and Pedro observe this, they are easily deceived and Claudio angrily denounces Hero to be
hidden as though dead until Claudio regains his senses. When the constable, Dogberry, arrests John's
men, who then readily confess their guilt, Claudio is forced to admit his error in thinking Hero
would deceive him. He then mourns for her and agrees to marry her cousin. The cousin turns out to
be a disguised and forgiving Hero. After all this "ado" the two couples are married and Don John is
arrested.
Don Pedro is a linking character, playing many key roles in the play. In many ways, he shows the
influence of the time period. Being the prince of Aragon, a region in northeast Spain, he carries the
title of respect "Don". He seems to be the stereotypical leader of the Renaissance times, enjoying
being in charge as well as possessing the ability to woo young women. He also shows the time
period in the situation with his brother Don John. Because he was born outside of marriage, Don
John has no official claim on any of his family's wealth or position. He then tries to overthrow Pedro
in battle.
Other characters positions also illustrate the time period. For example, Dogberry and Verges who are
the constable and deputy constable. Their rough habits and garbled speech show the mannerisms of
the Renaissance peasants. Hero's maidservants' occasional vulgar comments also demonstrate

Renaissance Humanism : The Economic Impact Of The Renaissance
The Renaissance is said to be the time of pure enlightenment where countless accomplishments in
the arts, politics, economics, technology, religion, social, technology and intellectual areas
flourished, causing a major difference in the modern world. Democracy and new monarchies starts
to form as people begin to form their own opinion during this time and civic humanism became a
large topic which was labeled by one modern scholar. The early parts of the economic system, called
Mercantilism started forming by the merchant class developing power through trading from
different city states and banking, also nations with colonies had started to grow wealthy with raw
materials which is a big economic impact. Christian humanists, such as Erasmus and Sir Thomas
More said in order to improve society with Christian motives but with less religious ceremonies,
also corruption struck the Catholic Church including the worldly lifestyles of clergies and the sale of
indulgences. People in this time became more interested with the world around them with less
religious aspects in life, also learning that one can can have a human centered thinking process and
can still be Christian than rather having an all religious centered thinking process, changing their
day to day life, More written a literary piece which changed society. As people began to grow, they
began to turn their focus on human accomplishments and led to the upbringing of Greek and Roman
literature, known as humanism, not only that but secularism started to form with the less focus on
religion and more on, in the moment, then the printing press created for new ideas to be spread
quicker. New techniques in the perspective that make art and sculpture more three–dimensional,
with more focus on realism. The power of trade is exponential, as it makes the places who
participates extraordinarily wealthy, in which money paid for the painters, clothes, paint, and the
food. Many inventions were created during this time period such as the printing press, telescope,
submarines, microscope and artillery, as well as many more in which helped form the modern world.
The Renaissance was a bridge to the medieval to the modern world because this time was the
beginning of many new

Greek Poleis Research Paper
Poleis across Greece went through a political evolution known as anacyclosis. City–states such as
Argos, Athens, Corinth, Crete, Delphi, Marathon, Olympia, Salamis, and Sparta, are examples of
this political evolution. Across Greece, a compare and contrast of monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny,
oligarchy, and democracy rules of government will be neatly assembled to illustrate how each
structure of government transitions across the theory of anacyclosis within Greece. Similar to "frogs
around a pound" along the Black and Mediterranean Sea, Greek poleis evolved to become some of
the most famous forms of governments in our history. Jump in and let's go, we're about to learn
something new and intriguing.
The "cycle of government rule" known as anacyclosis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
City–states such as Sparta, Salamis, Olympia, Marathon, Delphi, Crete, Corinth, Athens, and Argos
are some of the poleis that witnessed a political revolution across rules of government. In the same
way, Plato eloquently stated the poleis of Greece crosses along the shores of the Mediterranean and
the Black Sea similar to "frogs around a pond" (Cartledge, 2011). Although accurate, information
about monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy was gathered to illustrate how each
structure of government compares and contrasts while using theory as a framework among the
hundreds of city–states. The Greek poleis evolved to support some of the most famous forms of
government in our history. Thankfully, it was their groundwork that paved a path for numerous
implementations of democracy observed

Historical City Of Sparta And Sparta
There are many important city–states that played a significant role in how ancient Greece
developed. Two of the most famous city–states, also known as the "superpowers" are Athens and
Sparta. These two could not have been more different when it came to geography, government,
society and ideas. As time passed Sparta and Athens went from being allies to absolutely hating each
other. By around 650BC Sparta became a very dominant power in ancient Greece. They were
situated in the southeastern Peloponnesus on a plain in between the mountains and the sea. They
were geographically cut off, or isolated from the sea so they used the fertile soil to farm. Sparta
always tried to be as self sufficient as possible, not relying on other cities for help. They were an
extreme military city–state, with a rigid structure. One of the most important city–states in ancient
Greece is Athens, which has been inhabited for over 7,000 years. Athens was located to the
northeast of Sparta, in an area close to the sea called Attica. Since Athens was neighbors with the
sea, they decided to build a huge naval fleet and trade with other civilizations around the
Mediterranean. Athens was very into the arts, poetry, and ideas. They encouraged thinking and
believed you could choose what you wanted to do with your life. Sparta was ruled by an Oligarchy,
or a small group of retired high ranking military people. They had three layers to their government.
The top tier was made up of two kings that could be

Example Of A Tyrant Essay
Kings didn't rule very long – small farm owners resented noble power. By 650 B.C farmers wanted
more political power and a voice in government. Merchants and artists also agreed with farmers;
even though they made a living in the city they didn't own land so they weren't considered citizens.
Unrest led to tyrants (someone who takes power and rules completely). Most tyrants were fair, but
some were cruel, so tyrant now means a cruel leader.
Common people of Greece supported tyrants after nobles were overthrown in 600s B.C.
Tyrants gained support from military, and often built new temples/buildings to appease the people.
Most people objected to a single ruler, though. Tyrants ruled until around 500 bc. Then until 336 bc,
most city states were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Could own property and travel, play sports. Expected the men to either win or die in battle – no
surrender. "Come home carrying your shield, or being carried on it". Oligarchy with two kings, but
the kings had little power and only lead the army/religious ceremonies. Also had the assembly and
council of elders. Assembly was all men over 30, made decisions about war and peace. Council of
elders most powerful, only officials that could order executions or exile. Council annually elected 5
ephors, who enforced the law and managed tax. Strict government brought stability, but cost the
people. Free thought and creativity discouraged, foreign visitors not allowed and discouraged travel.
Resisted other change as well – used different money and didn't trade. Sparta remained a poor
farming society. The only goals were a strong army and military victories.
Athens about two days northeast from Sparta. Founded by Mycenaeans. Education was different.
Boys went to school and learned math, drawing, music, and public speakings. Boys also did sports.
When they turned 18, they took a role in public affairs. Girls stayed home and learned household
skills. Wealthy families also taught girls reading, writing, and music. Women not allowed to be
active in government or business. By 600 bc, most Athenian farmers owed money to the nobles.
They rebelled and asked for land to be given to the

Economic And Political Characterization Of The Renaissance
The Renaissance era is expressed by its architecture, sculptures, and paintings which display its
originality and artistic brilliance. Conversely, the intellectual characterization of the Renaissance
was humanism, which based its studies on Greek and Roma literature . These distinct characteristics
of the Renaissance created a unique environment where the time flourished with prosperity.
Specifically, the political and economic prominence created the essential elements for which the
society prospered. This paper will discuss the economic and political circumstances demonstrating
the most important of the two elements in creating the Renaissance to flourish is economic.
The Renaissance, also known as a 'rebirth', began in the Italian–city states following the Black
Death. Upon dealing with the aftermath of the black death, the town dealt with the breakdown of the
manor system. Merchants who centered their livelihood on selling their art to others became lost as
the population decreased significantly by one–third due to the black death . This placed a toll on the
economy and sent the towns into distress. In time, the people became very self–absorbed and placed
on themselves and survive. Once the system broke down completely they discovered inward growth
and eventually turn that experience outward into the towns.
The time frame of the era is very broad and took place in different areas at various times, spanning
from 1350 to 1600 . Cities grew and their society began to

Similarities Between Greek And Persian Empires
Although they bear some superficial similarities, the differences between Greeks and Persians
during the years 1000–30 B.C.E are clear. The thought that the Greek empires are better than the
Persian empires is one that I believe in. Greece and Persia's religion is one factor that makes both of
these empires so diverse from each other. During the Achaemenid Period, the main religion of Persia
at the time was Zoroastrianism, which the Iranian prophet and reformer Zoroaster founded in the 6th
century B.C.E. At the time the royal family brought in Zoroastrianism to Persia, and since the royal
family believed in it, most of the people of the Persian Empire choose to believe in it too. Greece on
the other hand, did not have a religion until 146 B.C.E when Christianity entered the empire. Before
Christianity had entered Greece, they believed in their mythological stories. Each myth or story had
a lesson to be learned by the reader. Together with religion, the way each empire ran their
government was a major difference between the Greek and the Persian Empire. In fact, Greece was
originally a monarchy, but later on, Athens, one of the city states of Greece, started the first ever
democratic. During this time Greece also sets up individual towns called city states. A few of the
most powerful city–states include Athens, Sparta and Argos. Persia on the other hand was always a
monarchy. In Persia, governors called Satrap govern each province called Satrapies. Although it was
a

Greek City Research Paper
In ancient Greek history more than 1,000 Greek city–states could be find not only in Greece but also
in the surrounding countries. Some of the main ones were Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, Argos;
they all shared some characteristics, but also had their own traits that help make them different. A
city–state is an independent city and sometimes it is surrounding land; which has its own
government, completely separate from nearby countries. Some of the Greek polis, another name for
city–state, would communicate with each other and trade. However, many wars keep the city–state
from uniting into one. One of the major things that the Greek polis had in common is that they all
only allowed male citizens to vote or have a say in what would happen to their community. Each
man would have a role in the society that could range from being a farmer with a little piece of land
or being part of the military. Within the city–state, there would be enough farmers to prove food for
the whole community, everyone else would live inside the city or very close to it. With everyone
living inside the city over population became a problem and caused a few problems of its own, such
as, not having enough food or not being able to expand. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Greeks would travel across the Mediterranean looking for different colonies to become allies
with, or they would create their own colony on a new piece of land. Once they have made their new
colony they would be loyal to their mother city until respectfully made their colony independent and
get the alliance between the mother city and the new

Compare And Contrast Athens And Sparta
To start our research topic off we need to know exactly, what is a polis? A polis is the early Greek
city–state, consisting of a city or a town and its surrounding countryside (McGraw). If we think
about Greek city–state's we immediately think about Athens and Sparta. Now, many people get these
cities confused and some even think they are one in the same. Athens and Sparta contrast in many
ways such as their government, economy, and the treatment of their women. However, Athens and
Sparta compare in few ways the biggest being that they both had a strong military and military
alliances. These two city–states are a great pair to compare and contrast because they have such
distinct opposing points.
If we think about the many ways these two city–states differ, the first thing that comes to mind is
their government and the people it consisted of. Athens had a population of about 140,000, where as
Sparta had about 100,000 people. Athens had about 100,000 slaves which is roughly 75 percent of
there population. Sparta, on the other hand had only about 8,000 free men leaving the rest to slaves
that is 92,000 enslaved men. With that being said, Athens had a democracy, which in term meant
"ruled by the people". Athens is considered to be the "birthplace of democracy"
(www.allempires.com). This democracy allowed for every person to have a say in the way Athens
was ruled, this differed from Sparta in that, they were ruled by an Oligarchy. Oligarchy means
"ruled by few", which means that

Ancient Greek Government Research Paper
Ancient Greece was once a very united country, but subsequently got divided into various states
such as Athens, Sparta, and Corinth. The two largest of these states, most powerful and ultimately
most influential ones were Athens and Sparta. The governments of the city–states varied very widely
in nature. After their separation, most of the states retained the original form of government
inherited from the original Greek state for some time. As time went on, they began seeking for better
ways to govern themselves and that leads to many of them adopting different styles. We will
examine four main forms of governments in this essay and later examine how the city–states in
ancient Greece practiced these forms of governing. These forms are monarchy, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Usually, that one person is a king and is referred to as a monarch (MaoningTech, 2017). The only
ancient Greek state that was a monarchy was Corinth (Wells, n.d) An aristocracy is a form of
government in which power is held by nobles. Unlike Oligarchy, it doesn't matter whether you are
rich or powerful. In an aristocracy, you must be a noble and must come from a royal family or race.
It comes from the Greek words "aristos" meaning excellent and "Kratos" meaning power. So in
English, it would mean the rule of the best. Athens was also an aristocratic state since the ruling was
done by only men (A noble race according to them). An oligarchy is a form of government in which
running of the state is done by a few individuals. In the ancient Greek states, these were generally
the rich and powerful men, who are usually nobles, aristocrats and also military groups. Their main
aim was to get richer and more powerful and so the less privileged population especially the women
and the slaves would suffer. This form of government was mainly used by the Spartans. Democracy
is a form of government in which absolute rule is done by the people known in

Ancient Greek Government Analysis
The ancient Greek city–states did not make a unified nation, they were rather Poleis or city–states,
each with their own government, citizens, and societies. Each many poleis had various different
forms of government. Some were more democratic, while others were less than democratic. This
different systems of government could be classified by the number of rulers they had. From one
ruler to a group of rulers, to all citizens as rulers.
The rule of the one
Firstly we have the governments that had only one ruler. In this case, it could either be a monarchy
or a tyranny. Monarchies were ruled by a king who inherited his position. This type of government
was not very widespread in the ancient Greek world (Cartwright, 2013). Similarly, tyrannies also
had one ruler, but unlike the monarchy, the tyrant had seized power by force, usually killing their
predecessor, not by inheritance.
The rule of the few ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These were the aristocracy and the oligarchy. Aristocracies were ruled by an elite people who were
considered to be the "best qualified to rule" (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016). This
elite governed in the best interests of the society. On the other hand, the oligarchies were also ruled
by a group of people, but unlike the aristocracy, this group of people was not considered to be
necessarily qualified, nor did they rule in the best interest of the society. On the contrary, they ruled
with "self–interested and greedy" (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016). An exponent of
this system is Sparta. Even though Sparta had, not one, but two kings, it was still an oligarchy
because the real power resided in the Gerousia and the Ephors. The Gerousia and Ephors were a
group of selected men who ruled the

the arts in Italian Renaissance Essay
The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The
arts were flourishing, while the city–states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other
and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use
when they wanted power. Meanwhile those same rulers patronized the arts a great deal
and they would commission the best artistic minds of the time to build, design and paint
their palaces and churches and later on their own portraits and everyday paraphernalia.
In the beginning of Renaissance the artists, as well as the princes, were mostly
interested in religious themes, mostly from the New Testament. They all believed that if
God let them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people wanted to see something else around them and the elaborate pictures
told stories of Greek and Roman gods and goddesses or people's favorite pastime.
By the 16th century the profession of the artist was becoming fashionable. In the
15th century it was still unheard of the artists' mingling with the powerful and the rich.
There were very few masters, who were considered brilliant, so there was practically no
competition between them. One person could paint the same monastery or church for
years, adding just a little personal variation to the story and the style of the painting. It
was becoming fashionable for an artist to not only do his work at a royal court but also be
associated with that court. Many city–states claimed ownership of the brilliant minds that

worked there. Also, individualism was becoming an important aspect of people's lives.
Any individual who exhibited some sort of talent could easily find a sponsor among rich
neighbors . Mantegna was a shepherd in Padua until someone discovered him and he
became a court painter at Mantua. Monetary rewards were also very important to artists.
Rivalry between the artists challenged them to go to new and better levels and the more
money they received the harder they tried. Many artists, such as Bruneleleschi, Uccello or
Piero della Franesca started experimenting with perspective. After that many lesser
known artists started emulating them and

The City Of Sparta And Athens
The city of Ancient Sparta did not have wall. Its walls were its strong warriors, young men equip
with spears and shields. This radically unique city was unparalleled compared to cities in its time
and present day. The ideals related to the equality males and females were some of the most unique
aspects of Sparta. Women had power and responsibility in their own right. Its strict militaristic
mentality was the backbone of its well–run city which was unlike the city of ancient Athens. Athens
was dynamic and open to the world yet its democracy excluded people. Although good order was
important, women played the part of dutiful wife, not being seen or heard as a valuable part of
society. Sparta and Athens were radically different in its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only with Persian help in year 405 BCE was Sparta able to defeat the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami
(Cartwright). Sparta's rivalry with other city states grew as Sparta grew more ambition in controlling
central and northern Greece. The Corinthian Wars started from 396 to 387 BCE with Athens,
Thebes, Corinthian, and Persia (Cartwright). In its push to destroy Thebes, Sparta lost in the battle
of Leuctra in 371 BCE and Sparta has lost its glory for good. In 195 BCE Sparta joined the Achaean
Confederacy and under Roman control t sparked the Achaean war during its efforts to leave the
confederacy. But, finally in 396 CE, Sparta was completely taken by King Alaric of Visigoth
(Cartwright). According to legend, Athens began in competition between the Greek Gods Poseidon
and Athena for the honor of the city. Athena dropped a seed on the land that quickly became an olive
tree and Poseidon brought water to the land. The tree was deemed more valuable and the city was
therefore named after Athena (Mark). The land were not at fertile as the land of Sparta so early
Athens turned to land and sea trade in order to prosper. During the Mycenaean period from 1551 to
1100 BCE, the Mycenaean people were of the first people to occupy Attica, the land surrounding the
area (Mark). The Mycenaean people were known to be "great warriors and seafaring people" who
influenced the land with their unique culture as Greece slowly developed (Mark). From about

How Did Athens Influence Ancient Greek Women
Ancient Greece, specifically Athens, kept the same opinion of women and their mythology, but
changed the way they governed the city–state. Athens had a generally low opinion of women; they
were not given the basic rights that men were. Greek Mythology was constant through the empire,
even through the Peloponnesian War and the wars with Persia. But, the government changed from
one similar to a tyranny to a democracy.
In the early days of Ancient Athens, the city state was ruled by a group of wealthy aristocrats, but
changed in around 460 BCE into a democracy. Before, Athens was ruled by an oligarchy, close to a
tyranny. Then one of the rulers, Solon, introduced the Council to Athens. The council is close to
today's Congress. Every man who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While some women, who were born of two citizens, performed certain religious rituals for the state,
they still were not able to vote. Nor could they attend the assembly, hold a political office, be a juror,
or simply own property in their own name. Unlike Rome, who eventually gave women of high
prestige some rights, Greece never improved women's rights. They believed a woman was meant to
be a follower, not a leader. "The temperance of a man and of a woman, or the courage and justice of
a man and of a woman, are not, as Socrates maintained, the same; the courage of a man is shown in
commanding, of a woman in obeying," (Aristotle). Women were expecting to blindly follow the
laws and rules created by men, without their own say or opinion. They were not allowed to change a
law that was unjust, or hold an important role. The rights that women had were similar to those of
slaves. Slaves were also not allowed to vote or own property, hold a political office or recover a
good education. Neither group of peoples were given an equal opportunity, so their rights never
improved. Plato was the main speaker for women's rights. He argued that, while men were more
talented women, the latter should be given an opportunity to participate. However, even Plato knew
his ideas were too revolutionary for this already advanced empire, and the discussion was dropped,
so women's rights never

Paris Bordone During The Italian Renaissance
During the Italian Renaissance, societal changes allowed for the introduction of high–class pieces of
artwork into the elite community. Artists such as Michelangelo, and Botticelli flourished during this
era, creating masterpieces that continue to relevant in this day, and age. One such painter, Paris
Bordone played a very influential role in the renaissance and produced numerous works such as
Annunciation, the Baptism of Christ, Bathsheba Bathing, with an African Servant, Chess Player, and
A Portrait of a Lady. Born on July 5th, 1500, Bordone lived in Treviso before moving to Venice in
his late adolescence. He applied for a brief apprenticeship with Renaissance giant Titian, and
branched out as a painter by the 1520's. There he began his career painting biblical portraits in Italy.
Somewhere between 1534–1535, Bordone first gained recognition as an "maestro" for painting a
canvas of the The Fisherman Presenting the Ring to Doge Gradenigo. This boosted his career, but
also showcased his limitations as his usage of perspective in his painting created dwarfed
backgrounds. However, this didn't detract his fame as he became a famous name in Venetian cultural
achievement. Bordone use of Mannerism lead to his crowning achievement, the Portrait of Giovanni
Jacopo Caraglio in 1552. This piece of art embodies the four ideals of the Renaissance, as well as
providing a critic of society. The Portrait of Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio was fabricated for master
goldsmith Giovanni Jacopo

Ancient Athens Research Paper
Athens was an ancient city–state in Greece. The city is located by the Aegean Sea, in Attica, Greece.
Athens is sometimes called: "Birthplace of democracy."
Food Supply: Athens wasn't a great place for farming, but they did have lots of olives. They traded
goods, pottery and other stuff for more food, such as wheat.
Water Supply: Most homes had their own wells and/or cisterns for collecting rainwater, but still
relied on the public fountains in the city for extra water. They also used pipes.
Toys: Children would play with rattles, balls, dolls, knucklebones & dice. Many were made of
terracotta clay.
Athenians didn't like having large families. Unwanted babies were usually left outside in clay pots
[to die or get adopted]. (Free baby on sale ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He spent his last few days with his friends and family.
He died in 399 BC.
The "Golden Age" of Athens was a period of time when they "grew" in political leadership,
economic growth, and cultural flourishing.
c.480 BC~404 BC was the time of the Golden Age, aka the Age of Pericles. A severe plague struck
Athens in c.430 BC, in the 2nd year of the Peloponnesian War.
The plague killed about 1/3 of the people.
Many people died alone because nobody wanted to take the risk of caring for them.
The plague may have come from Piraeus, the city's port, brought by germs on rats.
Pericles died of the plague. The Parthenon was the chief temple of the goddess Athena. It is
located on the sacred hill of Acropolis, in Athens.
The Parthenon was actually used [primarily] as a treasury.
Pericles organized the construction of the Parthenon.
Theatre began with festivals honoring their gods.
The main three genres for a play were tragedy, comedy and satyr("joking/tragedy")
Women were not allowed to act. Women, children, slaves and foreign people were not allowed
to vote.
The right to citizenship is not determined by social–economic status, instead is the power of
appropriation.
The legal system was more challenging because no lawyers or representatives for them.
Everyone(Adults) can

Ancient Greek Culture : The Arete Of The Ancient Greece
The Arete of the Ancient Greeks
The Greeks occupied such a minute space of land compared to the rest of the world, and their
existence is a mere flicker in time, yet their influence on civilization today is significant and
obvious. So how did they do it? The Ancient Greeks were not perfect by any means; they practiced
slavery, sacrificing, forced men to become warriors, confined women to the home, and were
sometimes plagued by disease. Despite their pitfalls, the Greeks were still able to rise to become a
major influential power due to their feeling of purpose, which was to be the best. It was not religion
nor war that propelled them forward, but this feeling of wanting to be the best in everything.
Essentially, the Greeks wanted to achieve arete, or excellence of any kind. As a result, the Greeks
were excellent philosophers, warriors, artists, architects, actors, and so much more. There are many
aspects of Greek life that influence civilization today, and it is all due to the Greek's belief in
achieving arete.
In Ancient Greece, winning was the only option, and this idea was demonstrated not only in their
art, theater, and literature, but in their war. The Greeks were ferocious warriors, so much so that their
entire society can be considered a warrior society. In order to always come out on top, Ancient
Greek city–states, called "polis," linked together through alliances. If one city went to war, the other
city state would join in, and if they didn't then they would suffer

The Renaissance: The Rise And Structure Of The Renaissance
It is often thought that the Renaissance had started from the Italian states. Italy Itself was split into
many different areas. This was due to the rise in population and income and an increase in territory.
It thus became necessary for Italian cities to rule themselves. Rome was ruled by the pope, some of
the states were led by 'signore' while others were republics. The key figures in Italian states were
usually tradesman rather than politicians and artisans were usually sought after by them. They
sought new ways and means to gain wealth and show power so artists such as Michelangelo were
often hired for work. These city states were able to become 'power houses' through various means
such as trade or connections. The most powerful and influential states at the time were Florence and
Venice. In this essay I hope to discuss how states such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the most this system worked as it involved a class of civil servants who administered city
government. The humanist movement of the renaissance period was related to the education these
nobles and civil servants had received and used. Many civilians also carried out the works of tax
assessors or public works supervisors alongside their affairs. While the cities remained to have
republican institutions a popular trend was for cities to take power from their neighbours. As direct
participation in Government was usually declined this led to the rise of set families taking power
such as the previously mentioned Medici. In milan the Visconti and Sforza family reigned like
princes which could have been the rise of princely states. Due to aggression rising against each other
they all agreed that shoul one state attack another they would target the aggressor. Despite such
families having political power over the cities they were usually ruled by the Bishop. Many cities
took up Christian decorations in chapels and such as pride of

The Two Side Of Arête In Ancient Greece
Although many of the city states in ancient Greece often disagreed and even went to war with one
another, they all followed a similar ideal. This ideal is Arête. Arête translates simply to "excellence
of any kind". The Greeks wanted to be the best possible they could be. They strove to be like the
gods. The two sides of this ideal were wisdom and action. The two largest of the city states, Athens
and Greece, each strongly represent one of those two sides of Arête.
The city state that leans toward wisdom is Athens. To be a man of wisdom, one has to develop the
mind and philosophical abilities. Athens naturally leaned toward wisdom given that their patron god
was Athena, the goddess of wisdom. Athenians took pride in their education teaching

Cultural Values Of Athens
ATHENS IS THE PLACE TO BE!! Athens is an independent city state in ancient greece that has
many cultural values. Athens was formed of the Mycenaeans. The citystate of Athens is independent
because seas and mountains separate it from the other city states in ancient greece. Athens is a well
rounded city state that supports educations, military involvement, and government. . To begin with,
Athens education was extremely important. Only boy citizens attended private schools and would
learn about poetry, literature, math, and science from ages 6–17.This was needed in order to become
a citizen and carry out duties. As stated "the ability to read and write was important to all Athenian
people–, reading and writing was needed in order to be a citizen, and carry out their duty.."
(Document A). This quote explains that the citystate of Athens felt that it was essential for men to be
educated in order to be an important citizen within their culture. Also, as part as the Athenian boys
took part in sports. Athenians believed that it was important to not only study subjects but also to
have physical activity in order to have men with strong minds and bodies. Additionally girls did not
receive the formal education that the boys got, they were educated at home by their mothers.
Because women were not apart of the government in Athens, they were simply taught household
duties. Only if they were part of a wealthy family they learned to read and write.
Another cultural value

Democracy Of Ancient Athens : Democracy
Democracy in ancient Athens
In ancient Greek life one of their trademarks was the polis, or city state. "The city–states were small,
independent communities which were male–dominated and bound together by race."(Steven Kreis
2000) Membership in the polis was important and was only passed down to someone within the
citizen family, being male. In a polis, citizens are part of a selected part of a group that is superior to
the rest of society. The members that are not part of the body of citizens are woman, slaves, and
peasants. Men held the power in any given polis.
Families that are related by blood in a polis are considered to be strong. The boys would grow up
with each other in school and later grow up and fight alongside one another in war. The men would
debate in public assemblies, elected a male representative as a magistrate. In the society of the polis
citizens were required to participate in military services, intellectual discussions, and religious
ceremonies. They were also required to demonstrate and believe in politics and justice. These
citizens did not have responsibilities but duties. If they did not uphold their duty they were
considered the destruction of their society.
Every city–state was unique and different form one another. Not one polis was the same as another.
They strived to have their own identity. Ancient Greek was mainly hundreds of city–states among
the region acting as their own independent corridor. The importance of the polis is what

Ancient Greek Culture: The Culture In Ancient Greece
The Culture in Ancient Greece! 3500 years ago, people in ancient Greece were unknowingly
changing the entire world. From their government to their arts and sciences, Greek culture would go
on to influence almost everybody in the world, and to this day, much of western civilization is owed
to them. All of this originated in a city called Mycenae, the center of a very rich and powerful
empire. By 1100 BCE, though, its power had collapsed. Invasions from northern cities irrevocably
crippled it, which allowed other cities to grow in strength, such as Sparta, Athens, and Corinth.
Starting in about 800 BCE, these cities began to establish colonies, spreading their cultures to
distant regions of the Black and Mediterranean seas. Corinth was one ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 334, Alexander the great rode out with 35,000 troops to conquer the old Persian empire. He
established greek currency and laws, spreading greek culture throughout a massive region, even
though his empire fell apart shortly after his death. 150 years later, Rome began a conquest of its
own. Soon all of Greece belonged to them. They respected the Greeks, though, and instead of
destroying their civilization, the Romans absorbed it into their own. They even kept the Greek gods,
just giving them latin names. Despite Greece's terrific downfall, the culture spread far and wide
through the Roman empire. The most interesting thing to me was the strange combination of unity
and war between the Greek city–states. Despite often warring and competing, they all worshipped
and respected the same gods and spiritual sites. And every four years they would all enter a truce to
have a friendly (well, friendly by comparison) competition in Olympia. They all shared similar
culture and values, despite being obviously distinct. I think that's pretty

The Emergence Of Greek City, The Apology, And The Parthenon
Ancient Greece took place between 800 B.C and 500 B.C. It was the developing period for art,
literature, architecture, technology, etc. Prior to that, Greece used to be nothing. Ancient Greece has
influenced many countries around the world. They have created some of the most influential things
to humans everywhere. In this paper, I will be explain the emergence of Greek city–states, the
Apology, and the Parthenon. All of which are very important to us today.
A city–state by definition is a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
Greek city–states began as poor farming communities. City–states formed because the landscaping
of Greece made it almost impossible to travel from place to place. This caused them to have poor
communication. Over time, the population of these communities around Greece had no choice but to
become their own independent city–state. Each city–state shared common characteristics. They all
created their own government, collected taxes, and worshiped their own god or goddess
(GreekBoston 1). However, some city–states developed into large and more complex communities
(GreekBoston 1). They would build walls and armies in their best interests to keep invaders out. Not
only would they have to worry about invaders from other countries but they would have to worry
about invaders from other parts of Greece. The two main city–states of Greece were Sparta and
Athens.
The rise of city–states are important to us today because we got the

How Did Ancient Greece Influence Our Lives Today
Ancient Greece, a classical civilization, was filled with city–states in 500 B.C.. Ancient Greece was
a peninsula near the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Greece's geography had mountains which caused
Greece to be governed in city–states. They are known for their contributions that we use today.
Three ancient Greek contributions that continue to influence our lives today are government,
architecture, and literature. One ancient Greek contribution that continues to influence our lives
today is government. In ancient Greece, there were four different types of Greek political structures
that controlled Greek city–states. These political structures were Monarchy, ruled by a king;
Aristocracy, ruled by nobility; Oligarchy, ruled by a small group of citizens; and Direct Democracy,
ruled by it's citizens. Direct Democracy influences our lives today. In 508 B.C., Democracy began in
Athens. Athenian citizens were directly involved with Democracy while America has a
representative. American citizens have the right to vote for a ... Show more content on
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Such architecture includes Greek buildings. Greek buildings were often built to show a town or
city's power and pride. Withing these Greek buildings, they contain a famous variety of Greek
columns that influence us today. These columns are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Doric style is
sturdy and its capitol is plain. The first floor of the U.S. Capitol Building known as the Crypt has 40
Doric columns. The Ionic style is thinner and elegant with a scroll–like capitol design. A building in
America with the Ionic design is the Jefferson Memorial. The Corinthian style has a very elaborate
capital. The Corinthian was rarely used in Greece. A building with the Corinthian design is the U.S.
Supreme Court. Many buildings in America use Greek architectural columns. Such buildings
include museums, courthouses, libraries, government buildings, and

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