This document summarizes a lecture on animal tissue culture. It defines tissue culture as the in vitro culture of cells, tissues, or organs outside of the organism. There are three main types of tissue culture: cell culture, where cells grow as a monolayer or in suspension; explant culture, where a tissue fragment is attached and cells migrate on a substrate; and organ culture, where an organ maintains its three-dimensional shape and histological interactions. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each type of culture, such as cell lines developing over generations for cell culture but potential loss of differentiation, or normal physiological functions being maintained for organ culture but limited scalability.

1. LECTURE OF SUBJECT :
Dr. sharafaldin Al-musawi
College of Biotecholgy
LECTURE: 1
SUBJECT: Animal Tissue culture
LEVEL: 4

2. What is tissue culture?
 In vitro culture (maintain and/or proliferate) of cells, tissues or organs.
 Types of tissue culture
• Cell culture
• Primary explant culture
• Organ culture
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3. Cell culture
Explant
culture
Organ
culture
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 Cell culture:
Adherent monolayer on a solid substrate
(various cell types) or suspension in the
culture medium (few cell types).
 Primary explant culture:
A fragment of tissue attachment and
migration occurs in the plane of the solid
substrate.
 Organ culture:
A spherical or three-dimensional shape
specific histological interaction.
Three major categories
of tissue culture
Explant: living cells, tissues, or organs from animals or plants that transfer to a nutrient medium.

4. Cell culture & Enzymatic Dissociation
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Tissue from an explant is
dispersed, mostly
enzymatically, into a cell
suspension which may then be
cultured as a monolayer or
suspension culture.

5. Advantages & Disadvantages
 Advantages
 Development of a cell line over several generations
 Scale-up is possible
 Absolute control of physical environment
 Homogeneity of sample
 Less compound needed than in animal models
 Disadvantages
 Cells may lose some differentiated characteristics.
 Hard to maintain
 Only grow small amount of tissue at high cost
 Dedifferentiation
 Instability, aneuploidy
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6. Tissue Culture
 Is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism.
 This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or
solid growth medium, such as broth or agar.
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Advantages
 Some normal functions may be maintained.
 Better than organ culture for scale-up but not
ideal.
Disadvantages
 Original organization of tissue is lost.
Advantages & Disadvantages

8. The entire embryos or organs are excised from the
body and culture.
Organ culture

9.  Advantages
 Normal physiological functions are maintained.
 Cells remain fully differentiated.
 Disadvantages
 Scale-up is not recommended.
 Growth is slow.
 Fresh explantation is required for every experiment.
Organ culture

10. EMP04 10