The document discusses troop leading procedures (TLP) for expeditionary engineering missions. It describes the eight steps of TLP as: 1) receive mission, 2) issue warning order, 3) make a tentative plan, 4) initiate movement, 5) conduct reconnaissance, 6) complete the plan, 7) issue operations order, and 8) supervise and refine the plan. Key aspects of TLP include developing a tentative plan using METT-TC analysis, issuing warning orders and operations orders in five-paragraph format, and continuously supervising preparations through rehearsals.
Spring 2024 Issue Punitive and Productive Suffering
08 -- TLP and Convoy Planning (SFC2).ppt
1. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
USAF Civil Engineering
Troop Leading Procedures
2. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 2
Overview
THE TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES ARE THE
DYNAMIC PROCESSES BY WHICH A LEADER
RECEIVES, PLANS AND EXECUTES A MISSION:
1. RECEIVE MISSION
2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER
3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
4. INITIATE MOVEMENT
5. CONDUCT RECON
6. COMPLETE THE PLAN
7. ISSUE OPORD
8. SUPERVISE, REFINE, REHEARSE
• The order of steps 1-3 do not change
• Steps 4-7 are interchangeable.
• Step 8 occurs throughout the process.
3. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 3
Overview
EIGHT STEPS
4. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 4
TLP - STEP 1
Conduct an initial *METT-TC analysis (* METT-TC to be explained)
Determine the time available from mission receipt to execution
Determine the useable time available to both you and your subordinates.
Identify Critical Times such as:
Start Point (SP)
Rehearsals
Reconnaissance
Initiate Movement
Anticipated Enemy Actions
Quick Map Reconnaissance
Backwards Planning
RECEIVE THE MISSION
5. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 5
TLP – STEP 2
ISSUE THE WARNO
Provides advanced notice to your unit of upcoming operation
Provides as much information as possible to allow subordinates to begin parallel planning
and preparation
Does not sacrifice time to gain more information
Issued to subordinate and supporting units
Use five-paragraph format (ref: FM 101-5 and example in student handout)
Situation (General, Enemy, Friendly, Weather, Light Data)
Mission Statement (Who, What, When, Where, Why)
Execution (Commander’s Intent, Key Tasks, End State, Concept of Operations, Tasks to
Subordinate Units, and Coordinating Instructions)
Service and Support (aka. Logisitics and Administration)
Command and Control (aka. Command and Signal)
6. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 6
TLP – STEP 3
MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
Develop estimate of the situation
Detailed mission / situation analysis
Course of action development
Analysis of each course of action
Comparison of each course of action
Decision (tentative plan)
The leader updates the estimate continuously and refines the plan
accordingly.
7. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 7
TLP – STEP 3
MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN – METT-TC
Mission. As given by the commander. Analyzes commander's intent two
command levels higher. Determines essential tasks the unit must perform in
order to accomplish the mission.
Enemy. Type, size, organization, tactics, and equipment of the enemy
expected to be encountered. Identifies greatest threat to the mission.
Identifies greatest vulnerability to enemy.
Terrain. The leader considers the effect of terrain and weather on enemy and
friendly forces using OCOKA:
Observation and fields of fire
Cover and concealment
Obstacles
Key terrain
Avenues of approach
8. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 8
TLP – STEP 3
MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN – METT-TC
Troops available. Consider strength of subordinate units, characteristics of
weapon systems, and capabilities of attached elements as tasks are
assigned to subordinate units.
Time available. Refine allocation of time based on tentative plan and any
changes to the situation.
Civilian Considerations. Consider displaced civilians that may be
encountered during operations. Leader must determine actions to take if
civilians are on the battlefield.
9. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 9
TLP – STEP 4
INITIATE MOVEMENT
May occur at any point in the Troop Leading Process
Includes movement to positions closer to LD, initial inspections,
reconnaissance, battle drill rehearsals or SOP items
If the reconnaissance reveals a change in the situation, the plan must be
adjusted accordingly
The steps do not have to be accomplished in order
10. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 10
TLP – STEP 5
RECONNITER
Reconnaissance is used to confirm terrain and/or enemy analysis and
tactical options
Situation and time available dictate the type and detail of reconnaissance
Map, terrain model, aerial photo, ground
Plan and conduct a leader’s reconnaissance for every mission
Consider risk inherent in moving forward of friendly lines, or into
unoccupied area
11. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 11
TLP – STEP 6
COMPLETE THE PLAN
Develop OPORD
Tentative plan
Reconnaissance
Additional guidance
Review plan
Satisfy Commander’s mission and intent
Alter tentative plan if needed
Reconnaissance
Changes to current situation
Use 5-paragraph format used in WARNO
Content is key factor – KISS principle
OPORD provides all details – expands on WARNO
– necessary for to complete mission IAW CC intent
12. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 12
FRAGO 5 Paragraph Example
13. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 13
FRAGO 5 Paragraph Example
Cont.
14. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 14
TLP – STEP 7
ISSUE OPERATIONS ORDER (OPORD)
Issue face to face if physically possible
Usually done as a briefing
Can be in written format for larger units (Squadron
and above sized units)
Issue while observing the combat area if possible
Supplements to OPORDs
Terrain models
Sand Table
Map boards/Overlays
Sketches
Fire Support Matrix
All subordinates must understand the plan
Use briefbacks
15. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 15
TLP – STEP 8
SUPERVISE PLANNING AND PREPARATIONS
Confirmation Briefs
Check
Inspect
Rehearse
Coordinate
Refine
16. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 16
TLP – STEP 8
SUPERVISE PLANNING AND PREPARATIONS
Must be habitual during training in order to effectively employ units tactically
Clarifies Commander’s intent
Reinforces scheme of maneuver
Ensures understanding and instills confidence in participants
Provides feedback and exposes problems in the plan
17. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 17
TLP – STEP 8
SUPERVISE PLANNING AND PREPARATIONS
Pre-Combat Inspections (PCIs)
Weapons and ammo: test fire
Uniforms and equipment
Mission Essential Equipment
Troops understanding of mission and their specific responsibilities
Communications: radios, frequencies, batteries
Rations and water
Camouflage; personnel and equipment
18. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 18
Summary
1. RECEIVE MISSION
2. ISSUE WARNING ORDER
3. MAKE A TENTATIVE PLAN
4. INITIATE MOVEMENT
5. CONDUCT RECON
6. COMPLETE THE PLAN
7. ISSUE OPORD
8. SUPERVISE, REFINE, REHEARSE
19. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g 19
Questions?
“In preparing for battle I have always found that plans are
useless, but planning is indispensable.”
-- Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower
20. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
USAF Civil Engineering
Convoy Operations
What, Why, Whom, & When Trained
21. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
What is a CONVOY and why is
it needed?
A group of vehicles organized for the purpose of
control and orderly movement with or without escort
protection that moves over the same route at the
same time and under one commander
The purpose of a convoy is a logistical movement of
assets from one point to another.
This is a preferred method of movement when
accountability, protection, and/or timeliness must be
maintained
21
22. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
Convoys and the AF
In the current Afghanistan AOR, the AF does not own
any convoys with the exception of specialized units.
AF personnel may be part of Convoys that are under the
control of the ARMY or other service.
If AF personnel are to be used in Convoy they should
receive training from venues such as Power Projection
Platforms (PPP) or with in the AOR.
As leaders we must ensure we do not expose troops to
dangers they are not trained for.
22
23. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
Considerations for any Convoy
Route/Accessibility/Timing/Fuel/Hazards
Always consider road conditions and restrictions, fuel
consumption, time required to traverse
Convoy Speeds dictated by:
Vehicles, driver’s ability, weather, road conditions, law
Vehicle Recovery
Know how to recover and requirements for abandoning
Communications
Convoy CC, Vehicle CC, Driver, CC Centers, sectors of
response/support
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24. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
Considerations for Convoy
under Combat Conditions
Still have same consideration as you would in Non-
combat but with the addition of:
Enemy threat
IEDs, VIEDs, IDF, DF, local population, ROEs,
Defense
Weapon systems, Armor, Safe havens, Cleared routes
CAS, QRF, Sector support, INTEL
Call in support and/or report threats, breaking contact
Communications
Convoy CC, Vehicle CC, Driver, CC Centers, sectors of
response/support
YOU MUST BE TRAINED FOR COMBAT CONVOY
24
25. E x p e d i t i o n a r y E n g i n e e r i n g
Summary
What is a convoy and why is it done
AF does not own convoys in AOR
Personnel must be trained prior to convoying (PPP)
Considerations for convoying
Considerations for convoying under Combat
conditions
25
Editor's Notes
A simple 8 step process for planning. Used by Army under any condition.
Not a primary process for AF but we need to be aware of this for several reasons:
As we go purple we need to understand the planning process of other services
we need to understand the verbiage/acronyms
We need to know 5-paragraph structure
The process can be applied to any mission planning such as a convoy, setting up a Bear base, or just taking the family on vacation
Run through this chart using a scenario of your choice. Show how each step is used and considerations. Come up with COAs and walk through them. KISS.
Slide 4-15 talk about each step and how you used it in your scenario
Have each student take one step and talk about what it is, how to use it, what to considered, and why it is important in planning.
Also stress the point of always providing your troops time to prepare and make their own detailed plans for their part of the mission.