Phylogenies and the history of life

2. the history of the evolution of a
species or group, especially in
reference to lines of descent and
relationships among broad groups
of organisms

3. Uses a hierarchical model to
organize living organisms into
increasingly specific categories

4.  BINARY NOMENCLATURE
 is a formal way of naming species of living things by
giving each a name composed of two parts, both of
which use Latin grammatical forms, although they
can be used on words from other languages
 Also referred as the SCIENTIFIC NAME

5.  A Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician
who formalized binomial nomenclature
 Aka: “Father of Modern Taxonomy”

6. General to specific classification
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

7. DOMAIN
 Super kingdom, realm, or empire
 The highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of
taxonomy

8. KINGDOM
 Type of domain in the taxonomic classification

9. PHYLUM
 Plural: PHYLA
 The division of kingdom in the taxonomic classification system

10. CLASS
 Division of phylum in the taxonomic classification system

11. ORDER
 Division of class in the taxonomic classification system

12. FAMILY
 Division of order in the taxonomic classification system

13. GENUS
 Division of family in the taxonomic classification system
 The first part of the binomial scientific name

14. SPECIES
 The basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as
unit

15. DOMAIN:
Eukarya
KINGDOM:
Animalia
PHYLUM:
Chordata
CLASS:
Mammalia
ORDER:
Carnivora
FAMILY:
Canidae
GENUS:
Canis
SPECIES:
Canis lupus

20. 1)Archaea (Archaebacteria)
2)Bacteria (Eubacteria)
3)Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

22.  Are prokaryotic cells
 Have membranes composed of branded hydrocarbon chains
 Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
 Are not sensitive to some antibiotics that affect the bacteria, but sensitive to some
antibiotics that affect the eukarya
 Contains rRNA that is unique to the archaea as indicated by the presence of
molecular regions distinctly different from the rRNA of bacteria and eukarya
 Often live in extreme environments and include methanogens,
 Extreme halophiles and hyperthermophiles

23.  TRUE BACTERIA
 Are prokaryotic cells that are common in daily life,
encountered by humans many more times than the
archaebacteria;
 Can be found everywhere and kills thousands and thousands
of people each year, but also serve as antibiotic producers
and food digesters in our stomachs

24.  have eukaryotic cells
 Have membranes composed of unbranched fatty acid chains
attached to glycerol by ester linkages
 For eukarya having cell walls, they contain peptidoglycan
 are resistant to traditional antibiotics but are sensitive to
most antibiotics that affect eukaryotic cells
 Contains rRNA that is unique to eukarya

25. SUBDIVISIONS OF EUKARYA
1. Kingdom PROTISTA
2. Kingdom FUNGI
3. Kingdom PLANTAE
4. Kingdom ANIMALIA

26. Kingdom PROTISTA
 Includes unicellular organisms
 Need to live in some type of water environment to survive
 Types of organisms:
 PROTOZOA
 ALGAE
 FUNGUS-like protists

27. Kingdom FUNGI
 Responsible for breaking down dead organic material and helps recycle nutrients
through ecosystems
 Symbiotic fungi are found in the roots of all vascular plants and provide them with
important nutrients
 Fungal diseases are extremely difficult to treat because fungi are extremely similar
genetically and chemically to organisms in the kingdom animalia

28. Kingdom PLANTAE
 Has more than 250,000 species
 All land plants such as conifers, flowering plants and mosses are included in this
classification
 Produce energy via photosynthesis
 Have cell wall and a pigment called CHLOROPHYL that helps capture light energy
that is converted to sugars, starches and other types of carbohydrates

29. Kingdom ANIMALIA
 Organisms are multicellular and don’t have cell walls or photosynthetic pigments
 Contains more than 1,000,000 species
 All animals have some type of skeletal support and have specialized cells
 All organism reproduce sexually instead of asexually

30. Classify each to which domain they fall
into:

31. EUKARYA
PROTISTS
PLANTS
FUNGI
ANIMALS
METANOGEN
THERMOPHILES
HALOGENS
E.COLI
S.AUREUS

32. TERMINOLOGIES

33. DOMAIN
 Super kingdom, realm, or empire
 The highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of
taxonomy

34. ENDEMIC
 Belonging to or native to a particular people or area

35. HALOPHILE
 An organism, especially microorganism, that grows in or can tolerate saline
conditions

36. METHANOGEN
 Are microorganisms that produce methane as metabolic byproduct in hypoxic
conditions

37. TAXON
 Plural :TAXA
 Single level in the taxonomic classification system

38. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
 Hierarchical system of classifying organism, including the classification of domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

39. TAXONOMY
 Science of classifying organims

40. THERMOPHILE
 A type of organism that thrives at relatively high temperature