Sophia Marie Verdeflor, profile picture
Uploaded bySophia Marie Verdeflor
PPTX, PDF23,539 views

Ilocano Literature

The document is a comprehensive PowerPoint presentation on Ilocano literature, detailing its history, forms of essays, and the evolution of literary production among Ilocano writers. It covers various types of essays including expository, descriptive, narrative, and persuasive, providing examples for each, and traces the development of Ilocano literature from precolonial times to the 20th century. Additionally, it notes significant figures in Ilocano literary history and the impact of publications like Bannawag magazine on the growth of the genre.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 150 times
ILOCANO LITERATURE A Powerpoint Presentation Prepared by Group 4 (VERDEFLOR, MANCILLA, DELOS REYES, FERRER, AGUILAR, PASCUAL, ANTONIO, GUTIERREZ)
ESSAY
DEFINITION • It is an analytic, interpretative, or critical literary composition usually much shorter and less systematic and formal than a dissertation or thesis and usually dealing with its subject from a limited and often personal point of view
DEFINITION ACCORDING TO AN ESSAYIST A literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything. ALDOUS HUXLEY
HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY • INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH  accomplishes three purposes i. it captures the reader’s interest ii. it suggests the importance of the essay’s topic iii. it ends with a thesis sentence THESIS SENTENCE - offers a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay, research paper, etc.
HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY • BODY PARAGRAPH  begins with a topic sentence  If the thesis sentence contains multiple points or assertions, each body paragraph should support or justify them, preferably in the order the assertions originally stated in the thesis
HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY • CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH  usually restates the thesis and leaves the reader something about the topic to think about  If appropriate, it may also use a call to act, inviting the reader to make a specific course of action with regard to the points that the essay presented
TYPES OF ESSAY • There are two forms of essays; literary and non-literary. Literary essays are of four types:  Expository  Descriptive  Narrative  Persuasive
EXPOSITORY ESSAY • In an expository essay, the writers give explanation of an idea, theme or issue to the audience by giving their personal opinions. This essay is presented through examples, definitions, comparison, and contrast.
EXPOSITORY ESSAY • Example: According to Wolf (2004), globalization is deemed as a movement in the direction of greater integration, as both natural and manmade barriers to international economic exchange continue to fall. This definition includes not only the increased international mobility of goods within the world economy, but also the greater mobility of services, capital, labour and financial assets.
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • As it sounds like, it gives description about a particular topic or describes the traits and characteristics of something or a person in details. It allows artistic freedom and creates images in the minds of readers through the use of five senses.
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • Example “As I passed through the gates I heard a squeaky voice. A diminutive middle-aged man came out from behind the trees — the caretaker. He worked a toothbrush-sized stick around in his mouth, digging into the crevices between algae’d stubs of teeth. e was barefoot; he wore a blue batik shirt known as a buba, baggy purple trousers, and an embroidered skullcap. I asked him if he would show me around the shrine. Motioning me to follow, he spat out the results of his stick work and set off down the trail.” (From “The Sacred Grove of Oshogbo” by Jeffrey Tayler)
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • This is an example of a descriptive essay, as the author has used descriptive language to paint a dramatic picture for his readers of an encounter with a stranger.
NARRATIVE ESSAY • Narrative essay is non-fiction, but describes a story with sensory descriptions. The writers not only tell story, but also make a point by giving reasons.
NARRATIVE ESSAY • Example: “I am afraid I do not attract attention, and yet there is not a single home in which I could done without. I am only a small, black kettle but I have much to interest me, for something new happens to me every day. The kitchen is not always a cheerful place in which to live, but still I find plenty of excitement there, and I am quite happy and contented with my lot…” (The Autobiography of a Kettle by John Russell)
NARRATIVE ESSAY • In the following example, the author is telling an autobiography of a kettle and describes the whole story in chronological order. The author has described kettle as a human being, and allows the readers to feel, as he has felt.
PERSUASIVE ESSAY • In this type of essay, a writer tries to convince his readers to adopt his position on a point of view or issue after he provides them solid reasoning in this connection. It requires a lot of research to claim and defend an idea. It is also called an argumentative essay.
PERSUASIVE ESSAY • Example: “It is impossible to love, and be wise … Love is a child of folly. … Love is ever rewarded either with the reciprocal, or with an inward and secret contempt. You may observe that amongst all the great and worthy persons…there is not one that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits and great business do keep out this weak passion…That he had preferred Helena, quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much of amorous affection quitted both riches and wisdom.” (Of Love by Francis Bacon)
PERSUASIVE ESSAY • In this excerpt, Bacon attempts to persuade the readers that people, who want to be successful in this world, they must never fall in love. By giving an example of famous people like Paris, who chose Helen as his beloved but lost his wealth and wisdom, the author attempts to convince the audience that they can lose their mental balance by falling in love.
ELEMENTS OF AN ESSAY • The following are the elements of an essay:  Idea  Motive  Structure  Evidence  Explanation  Coherence  Implication  Presence
IDEA • the general proposition or thesis that your essay argues about its topic • It should be: (1) true, but (2) arguable--not obviously true, and (3) limited enough in scope to be argued in a short composition and with available evidence
MOTIVE • a reason for writing, suggested at the start of the essay • establishing why you thought the topic needed taking up • why the reader should care (the "so what" factor)
STRUCTURE • the shape your idea takes • the sequence of sub-topics and sections through which it is unfolded and developed • this happens by the complementary activities of CONVINCING your reader and EXPLORING your topic
EVIDENCE • the facts or details, summarized or quoted, that you use to support, demonstrate, and prove your main idea and sub-ideas
EVIDENCE • Evidence needs to be: • ample and concrete--enough quotation and vivid summary so readers can experience the texture of the work, its sound and feel, so they feel able to judge your analysis • explicitly connected to the idea--so it's always clear exactly what inference is being made from the evidence, exactly how the details support the idea or sub-idea.
EXPLANATION • bits of background information, summary, context to orient the reader who isn't familiar with the text you're discussing
COHERENCE • smooth flow of argument created bytransition sentences that show how the next paragraph or section follows from the preceding one, thus sustaining momentum • echoing key words or resonant phrases quoted or stated earlier
IMPLICATION • places where you speculate on the general significance of your particular analysis of a particular text • you suggest what issues your argument raises about the author's work generally, or about works of its kind (e.g. all short stories), or about the way fiction or criticism works, etc.
PRESENCE • the sensation of life in the writing, of a mind invested in and focused on a subject, freely directing and developing the essay--not surrendering control (out of laziness or fear) to easy ideas, sentiments, or stock phrases.
FUNCTION OF ESSAY • The function of an essay depends upon the subject matter, whether the writer wants to inform, persuade, explain or entertain. In fact, the essay increases the analytical and intellectual abilities of the writers as well as readers. It evaluates and tests the writing skills of a writer and organizes his/her thinking to respond personally or critically to an issue. Through an essay, the writers present their arguments in a more sophisticated manner. In addition, it encourages the students to develop concepts and skills such as analysis, comparison and contrast, clarity, exposition, conciseness, and persuasion.
ILOCANO LITERATURE
ILOCANO LITERATURE INTRODUCTION • pertains to the literary works of writers of Ilocano ancestry regardless of the language used • the terms "Iloko" and "Ilocano" are different “ILOKO” – language “ILOKANO” – people or the ethnicity of the people who speak the Iloko language
• one of several regional Philippine literatures • one of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature
HISTORY OF ILOCANO LITERATURE • Ilocanos are descendants of Austronesian-speaking people from southern China via Taiwan • Families and clans arrived by viray or bilog, meaning "boat" • The term Ilokano originates from i-, "from", and looc, "cove or bay", thus "people of the bay.“ • Ilokanos also refer to themselves as Samtoy, a contraction from the Ilokano phrase sao mi ditoy, "our language here"
PRECOLONIAL TIMES TO THE 19TH CENTURY • Composed of:  folk songs  riddles  proverbs  lamentations – dung aw  epic stories (written or oral)
• Ancient Ilokano poets expressed themselves in folk and war songs Example: Dallot – improvised, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in sing-song manner • During Spanish regime, Ilokano poetry was generally patterned after Spanish models
• Earliest known written Iloko poems  Romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez
FRANCISCO LOPEZ • an Augustinian friar who, in 1621, published his own Iloko translation of the Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko
DOCTRINA CRISTIANA • it is the oldest example of Christian literature in the local language. It is based on the teachings of Cardinal Bellarmine, a theologian and doctor of the Church
• Study of Iloko Poetry  Gramatika Ilokana - published in 1895 - based on Lopez's Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before 1606.
PEDRO BUCANEG • collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the Doctrina into Iloko • first known Ilokano poet • "Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature“ • blind since childhood • Biag ni Lam-ang
BIAG NI LAM-ANG • “Life of Lam-ang” • 17th century • Published in El Ilocano – December 1889 to February 1890 • “Vida de Lam-ang”
18TH CENTURY • Missionaries used religious, secular literatures → Christianity • Religious works  “Sumario de las Indulgencias” (1719) - Fr. Jacinto Rivera  “Pasion” (St. Vincent Ferrer’s Sermons into Iloko) (1845) - Fr. Antonio Mejia
19TH CENTURY • Leona Florentino - “National Poetess of the Philippines” “Ilocana Mother of Filipino Poetry” opoems appeared too syrupy for comfort otoo sentimental to the point of mawkishness oUtterly devoid of form
LEONA FLORENTINO
FR. JUSTO CLAUDIO FOJAS • Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas- Ilokano secular priest, Leona Florentino’s Contemporary. He wrote: oNovenas oPrayerbooks oCatechism
FR. JUSTO CLAUDIO FOJAS oMetrical Romances oDramas oBiographies oSpanish grammar dictionary oIloko-Spanish dictionary
ISABELO DELOS REYES • Leona’s son who wrote: o Poems o Stories o Folklore o Studies o Seemingly interminable religious o Political Articles
ISABELO DELOS REYES
• The achievement of both Claudio Fojas and de los Reyes is possibly more significant than the critical reader of Iloko literature today is ready to admit
COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA • Comedia (moro-moro) & Zarzuela opresented for the first time in the Ilocos (19th Century) oStill popular today as they were first staged
COMEDIA (MORO- MORO)
COMEDIA (MORO-MORO) • is a play that became popular in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It depicted battles between Christians and Moros-as Muslims in the Philippines are popularly known-with the Moros as the perpetual villains who always lost to the Christians in the end • a highly picturesque presentation of the wars between Christians and Muslims
ZARZUELA
ZARZUELA • is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance • an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once melodrama, comic-opera, and the skit interminably preoccupied with the eternal theme of boy-meets-girl-who- always-live-happily-ever-after-against-seemingly- impossible-odds are still as popular today as they were when first staged in the Ilocos
COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA • Comedia – scripted from corridos oPrince Don Juan oAri Esteban ken Reyna Hipolita oDoce Paris oBernardo Carpio oJaime Del Prado
COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA • Marcelino Mena Crisologo -helped popularize the zarzuela based on the culture and tradition of the Ilokanos particularly those in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
MARCELINO MENA CRISOLOGO
COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA • Pascual Agcaoili y Guerrero (1880-1958) – he is from Ilocos Norte who wrote and staged “Daguiti Agpaspasukmon Basi” • Isaias R. Lazo (1887-1983) – he is from San Vicente, Ilocos Sur who wrote comedia and zarzuela
YEAR 1892 • first Iloko novel, written by Fr. Rufino Redondo –RUFINO REDONDO an Augustinian friar, titled "Matilde de Sinapangan.“
YEAR 1892 • Don Quintin Alcid - wrote another Iloko novel, "Ayat, Kaanonto Ngata?" ("Love, When Shall it Be?")
YEAR 1892 • Arturo Centeno of Vigan - he is from Ilocos Sur who also wrote three novels titled:  "Apay a Di Mangasawa?" ("Why Doesn't He Get Married?"), "Dispensara" and; "Padi a Puraw Wenno Naamo a Kibin" ("A White Priest or a Good Guide").
THE 20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • more intense in literary activity • Some of the literature in this period are: "Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales" ("Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful Revenge") by Mariano Gaerlan (1909); "Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan" ("Improvement Despite Obstacles") by Facundo Madriaga (1911); "Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua" ("Mining or Spiritual Love") by Marcelino Peña Crisologo (1914);
THE 20TH CENTURY LITERATURE  "Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong dagiti Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga" ("Sweet and Fresh Flower of a Traveller's Dreams") by Marcos E. Millon (1921);  "Sabsabong ken Lulua" ("Flowers and Tears") by R. Respicio (1930);  "Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?" ("Why Did They Kill Don Simon?"), first known detective novel in Iloko by Leon C. Pichay (1935);  "Puso ti Ina" ("A Mother's Heart") by Leon C. Pichay (1936).
THE 20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • November 3, 1934 – Bannawag Magazine (sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiligaynon)  Iloko literature reached a headland  Many Ilokanos started to write literary pieces
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • (Iloko word meaning "dawn") is a Philippine weekly magazine published in the Philippines by Liwayway Publications Inc. It contains serialized novels/comics, short stories, poetry, essays, news features, entertainment news and articles, among others, that are written in Ilokano, a language common in the northern regions of the Philippines
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Bannawag’s short stories showed sustained growth • 1920 – short stories written were poor imitations of equally poor American fiction and early short story writers had practically no literary background in their attempts.
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1947 – growth of the short story was not apparent until Bannawag resumed publication in this period • Most of the stories published dealt with themes of: War Guerilla activities Japanese Artrocities Murder Pillage Death
20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • While many articles have been written by Ilokanos and non-Ilokanos about the Ilocos Region, few scholarly studies have been conducted. Among these scholars were:  Leopoldo Y. Yabes (UP) – made a brief survey of Iloko Literature (1934) Findings: Iloko Literature began with Pedro Bukaneg
20TH CENTURY LITERATURE  Thomas B. Alcid (UST) – made a study on Iloko prose fiction – discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko novel and their possibilities in Philippine Literature (1940) • Findings: Short stories and novels were still young and needed more improvement
20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • 1954 – Mercedes F. Guerrero (MLQEI) - made a master thesis titled “Critical Analysis of the Outstanding Iloko Short Stories Published in the Bannawag from 1948 to 1952” • Findings: Iloko Stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs of the Filipino people
20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • Guerrero also found out that the Ilokano author served his society by: 1) Preserving the ideals, customs and traditions of the people. 2) Bringing out the social consciousness of the era—its mood, conflicts, struggles, and rehabilitation. 3) Awakening man's sensibilities to the joys, sorrows, loves, hatreds and jealousies of the people. 4) Casting away sectional sentiments and prejudices and bringing about fuller understanding of the different ethnic groups.
20TH CENTURY LITERATURE • “Dalang: An Introduction to Philippine Literature in Iloko” – Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. (1967) o traits and characteristics of the Ilokanos • Of their literature, he stated: "...The Ilokano language is so highly developed as to have produced the greatest number of printed works in any Philippine language, next to Tagalog
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE Bannawag has played and still plays a major role in the development of Iloko literature. It is the only magazine where Ilokano writers hope to publish most of their writingsAt present, it publishes:  Poems (daniw)  Short Stories (sarita)  Novels (nobela)  Essays (salaysay)  Comics  Biographies  Folktales  And many other writings
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1930s – most of its contents were translations from the Liwayway magazine save a novel by Hermogenes F. Belen titled "Nadaraan a Linnaaw" (Blood-stained Dew) which was serialized in 1947
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Other writers at that time included:  Benjamin M. Pascual David D. Campañano Godofredo S. Reyes Benito de Castro Jose P. Acance Benjamin Gray Marcelino A. Foronda,Jr.
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1960s – poems, short stories and novels published by the Bannawag became better — in craftsmanship, development of plots and themes, among others. and Writers by then, most of whom were college students and professionals, had a bigger library of literary books
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1961 – for the development of the Iloko short story, Bannawag launched a writing contest. • Judges were: Prof. Santiago Alcantara of the National University Prof. Angel C. Anden of the Manuel L. Quezon University and;  Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. of the De La Salle University-Manila
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • The said contest lasted until 1970 • One of the judges said the quality of Iloko short stories was competitive with those written in English
BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Before the martial-law era, most of the poems, stories and novels dwelt on political unrest and protests, like rallies and demonstrations by students, professionals and workers against the government. (From an essay by Jose A. Bragado. Bragado is one of the foremost writers in contemporary Ilokano literature. He is a former literary editor of Bannawag magazine and past president of GUMIL, an international association of Ilokano writers.)
ILOKO LITERATURE: TODAY AND TOMORROW • Ilokano writers have also published their works in foreign countries • One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan
CARLOS BULOSAN • a California immigrant born to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan
F. SIONIL JOSE
F. SIONIL JOSE • Born: December 3, 1924 • A Filipino journalist and fictionist • Currently the most internationally translated Filipino author • Declared as National Artist for Literature in 2001 • Has been called as a Philippine National Treasure
F. SIONIL JOSE • Late fifties, he founded the Philippine branch of PEN which is an international organization of poets, playwrights and novelists • 1965 – he started his own publishing house SOLIDARIDAD • 1966 – he began publishing the remarkable Solidarity which is a journal current affairs, ideas and arts, still going strong today
F. SIONIL JOSE • His works are available in 28 languages • He has been awarded numerous fellowships and awards; most notable in:  1980 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication  2004 Pablo Neruda Centennial Award from Chile
F. SIONIL JOSE •WORK: “Yabang: Our curse and undoing”
F. SIONIL JOSE • Other works: (Essay and non-fiction) In Search of the Word (De La Salle University Press, March 15, 1998 We Filipinos: Our Moral Malaise, Our Heroic Heritage Soba, Senbei and Shibuya: A Memoir of Post-War Japan Heroes in the Attic, Termites in the Sala: Why We are Poor (2005) This I Believe: Gleanings from a Life in Literature (2006) Literature and Liberation (co-author) (1988)
ILOKO LITERATURE: TODAY AND TOMORROW •Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards
PALANCA AWARDS • the most prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines
PALANCA AWARDS • These famous winners' names include:  Reynaldo A. Duque  Ricarte Agnes  Aurelio S. Agcaoili  Lorenzo G. Tabin  Jaime M. Agpalo Jr.  Prescillano N. Bermudez  William V. Alvarado  Maria Fres-Felix  Clarito G. de Francia  Arnold Pascual Jose  Eden Aquino Alviar  Severino Pablo  Ariel S. Tabag  Daniel L. Nesperos  Roy V. Aragon  Danilo Antalan  Joel B. Manuel  Bernardo D. Tabbada  Noli S. Dumlao and;  others
CHILDREN’S BOOK Ti Bantay A Nagayat Iti Maysa A Billit • fully illustrated, colored children's picture book • original story is The Mountain That Loved A Bird by Alice McLerran • Originally published in the United States with illustrations by Eric Carle, the story has been translated to Iloko by Herminio S. Beltran, Jr. and illustrated with new art by Beaulah Pedregosa Taguiwalo drawn from the landscapes of the Philippines
CHILDREN’S BOOK Ti Bantay A Nagayat Iti Maysa A Billit • publisher is Mother Tongue Publishing Inc., a new publishing company based in Manila, Philippines formed in November 2006 by Mario and Beaulah Taguiwalo • mission is to publish books in as many languages as possible
THE GUMIL - GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • On October 19, 1968, GUMIL Filipinas (Ilokano Writers Association of the Philippines) was organized in Baguio City • Arturo M. Padua, then mayor of Sison, Pangasinan, was elected president. • The officers took their oath of office before President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
THE GUMIL - GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • GUMIL Filipinas or Gunglo dagiti Mannurat nga Ilokano iti Filipinas, Inc., was incorporated and registered with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission on January 8, 1977.
THE GUMIL - GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • GUMIL Filipinas' main objectives are: – To provide a forum in which Ilokano writers can undertake common and cooperative efforts to improve their craft of writing literary, historical, research and other works; – To enrich Ilokano literature and cultural heritage as phases of the national identity by encouraging the members to concentrate on writing extensively and intensively about the social, economic, cultural and other aspects of growth and development among the Ilokanos through literature, history, research, or the like; – To publish books of poetry, short stories, essays, novels, historical accounts, research and critical studies, and other writings; and – To assist each member in pursuing his/her writing career and in fulfilling his life as a member of Philippines society.
Ilocano Literature

More Related Content

PPTX
21st Century Literary Works and Authors in Mindanao.pptx
bymoshinhilarion
 
PPTX
BONSAI: A Literary Exploration
bykHaye Arca
 
PPTX
Lit.2 Karma by Khushwant Singh
bySashai Rah
 
PDF
Literary-Writers-frim-Luzon-Visayas-and-Mindanao.pptx (1).pdf
byrongicalol
 
PPTX
Exploring Philippine Literacy Forms, Genres, Elements, and Traditions.pptx
byEdmar Gilla
 
PDF
21st-CENTURY-LITERATURE-REVIEWER.pdf
byChrisselTabasa4
 
PPTX
Philippine Pre-colonial & Spanish Colonial Literature
byMiss Ivy
 
PPTX
Jri orion, abm-b, 21 st century literature
byGroup 1 Lit
 
21st Century Literary Works and Authors in Mindanao.pptx
bymoshinhilarion
 
BONSAI: A Literary Exploration
bykHaye Arca
 
Lit.2 Karma by Khushwant Singh
bySashai Rah
 
Literary-Writers-frim-Luzon-Visayas-and-Mindanao.pptx (1).pdf
byrongicalol
 
Exploring Philippine Literacy Forms, Genres, Elements, and Traditions.pptx
byEdmar Gilla
 
21st-CENTURY-LITERATURE-REVIEWER.pdf
byChrisselTabasa4
 
Philippine Pre-colonial & Spanish Colonial Literature
byMiss Ivy
 
Jri orion, abm-b, 21 st century literature
byGroup 1 Lit
 

What's hot

PPTX
Philippine literature during the enlightenment period
byThelma Villaflores
 
PPT
Philippine literature during the spanish period
byBelle Pajutagana
 
PPTX
Region 1 Philippine Literature
byJade de Guzman
 
DOCX
Handouts for Periods in the Philippine Literary History
byElijah Marvin Guangco
 
PPT
Literature during the american period
byThelma Villaflores
 
PPTX
Literature during the Spanish period (1565-1898)
byMhia Lu
 
PPTX
Precolonial literature
byThelma Villaflores
 
PPTX
Literature in region 2
byMart Enriquez
 
PPTX
Literature During the Spanish Period
byMark Vincent Millona
 
PPTX
Philippine Literature From 2000 to Present
byMichelle Oximer
 
PPTX
Philippine Literature and Texts (Pre-colonial Times and Spanish Colonizations)
byAtthea Jane Lepiten
 
PPT
Summary about the period of
byArt James Symon Siat
 
PPTX
21st Century Canonical Authors
byMiss Ivy
 
PPT
Philippine Literature 'spanish period'
bywAsmile17
 
PPTX
National Capital Region Philippines Literature
bySauda Domalondong
 
PPTX
Japanese Period of Philippine Literature
byDK Padua
 
PPTX
National Artists for Literature and their Contributions
byJahwella Ocay
 
PPTX
The spanish-period-1565-1898
byShanelou Pading Ü
 
PPTX
Philippines and Philippine Literature in English
byEzr Acelar
 
DOC
Fil12 1...ang kasaysayan ng wikang filipino
byyhanjohn
 
Philippine literature during the enlightenment period
byThelma Villaflores
 
Philippine literature during the spanish period
byBelle Pajutagana
 
Region 1 Philippine Literature
byJade de Guzman
 
Handouts for Periods in the Philippine Literary History
byElijah Marvin Guangco
 
Literature during the american period
byThelma Villaflores
 
Literature during the Spanish period (1565-1898)
byMhia Lu
 
Precolonial literature
byThelma Villaflores
 
Literature in region 2
byMart Enriquez
 
Literature During the Spanish Period
byMark Vincent Millona
 
Philippine Literature From 2000 to Present
byMichelle Oximer
 
Philippine Literature and Texts (Pre-colonial Times and Spanish Colonizations)
byAtthea Jane Lepiten
 
Summary about the period of
byArt James Symon Siat
 
21st Century Canonical Authors
byMiss Ivy
 
Philippine Literature 'spanish period'
bywAsmile17
 
National Capital Region Philippines Literature
bySauda Domalondong
 
Japanese Period of Philippine Literature
byDK Padua
 
National Artists for Literature and their Contributions
byJahwella Ocay
 
The spanish-period-1565-1898
byShanelou Pading Ü
 
Philippines and Philippine Literature in English
byEzr Acelar
 
Fil12 1...ang kasaysayan ng wikang filipino
byyhanjohn
 

Similar to Ilocano Literature

PPTX
Essay writing1.pptx
bygeraldenhampong1
 
PPTX
Types of essays
byMara Luna
 
PDF
print.pdf hii and ghijlmnidldldndcbcjdkdkdk
bykarankumar67656
 
PPTX
essay writing how to write eassay, basics.pptx
byhamzajavedofficial24
 
PPTX
Essay writing (2)
bymaahwash
 
PPTX
The teaching of an essay
byJohn Paul Palmes
 
PDF
Essay
byLena Repina
 
PPTX
FORMAL ESSAY and INFORMAL (FAMILIAR) ESSAY
byIndranil Sarkar M.A
 
PPTX
Wl lecture 2 essay 001
byNadine Guevarra
 
PDF
Ias english notes
byZenitheducation
 
PPTX
4.types of essays
byLineekela Fillipus
 
PPTX
Lesson 1 - Essay Structure
bymejiajustin1976
 
PDF
Poetry World and its nature & characters
byRamelLigue1
 
PPTX
Types-of-Essay.pptx in English and types of essay
byAlexisMayDelValle
 
DOCX
Examples A definition essay may try and define ..docx
byelbanglis
 
DOC
Essay writing tips
byIrina K
 
PDF
Writing the literary essay 2020
bycherone98
 
PPT
Essaymodes
byYvonne Napigkit-Lacay
 
PDF
CREATIVE-NONFICTION-LESSON-7-ESSAY-WRITING-for-Ruby.pdf
bysentillasjencel
 
PDF
CREATIVE-NONFICTION-LESSON-7-ESSAY-WRITING.pdf
bysentillasjencel
 
Essay writing1.pptx
bygeraldenhampong1
 
Types of essays
byMara Luna
 
print.pdf hii and ghijlmnidldldndcbcjdkdkdk
bykarankumar67656
 
essay writing how to write eassay, basics.pptx
byhamzajavedofficial24
 
Essay writing (2)
bymaahwash
 
The teaching of an essay
byJohn Paul Palmes
 
Essay
byLena Repina
 
FORMAL ESSAY and INFORMAL (FAMILIAR) ESSAY
byIndranil Sarkar M.A
 
Wl lecture 2 essay 001
byNadine Guevarra
 
Ias english notes
byZenitheducation
 
4.types of essays
byLineekela Fillipus
 
Lesson 1 - Essay Structure
bymejiajustin1976
 
Poetry World and its nature & characters
byRamelLigue1
 
Types-of-Essay.pptx in English and types of essay
byAlexisMayDelValle
 
Examples A definition essay may try and define ..docx
byelbanglis
 
Essay writing tips
byIrina K
 
Writing the literary essay 2020
bycherone98
 
Essaymodes
byYvonne Napigkit-Lacay
 
CREATIVE-NONFICTION-LESSON-7-ESSAY-WRITING-for-Ruby.pdf
bysentillasjencel
 
CREATIVE-NONFICTION-LESSON-7-ESSAY-WRITING.pdf
bysentillasjencel
 

More from Sophia Marie Verdeflor

PPTX
Similar Values and Traditions of Filipino and Chinese
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
PPTX
Afro-Asian Literature
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Timeline of Philippine Literature
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Introduction to Architecture, Design and Allied Arts
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Pamantayan sa Bawat Baitang - Grade 7, 8, 9 & 10
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Mga Teorya - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Mga Dulog sa Pagtuturo - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Limang Pangunahing Kakayahan (Macro Skills) - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Layunin ng Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Course Desciption - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Ang mga Pilosopiya at mga Teoryang Batayan ng Pagtuturo-Pagkatuto - Edukasyon...
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Character Profile: Simoun, Huli at Kabesang Tales
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Reaction Paper: Kabanata 37: Ang Hiwaga
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Suring Pelikula - ANAK
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOC
El FIlibusterismo: Buod ng Kabanata 1-10
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Amelia Earhart Timeline
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
PPTX
Thyroid Glands
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) Ekonomiks-Pagkonsumo
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
DOCX
Pagsulong at Pag-unlad
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
PPTX
Patakarang Pananalapi
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Similar Values and Traditions of Filipino and Chinese
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Afro-Asian Literature
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Timeline of Philippine Literature
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Introduction to Architecture, Design and Allied Arts
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Pamantayan sa Bawat Baitang - Grade 7, 8, 9 & 10
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Mga Teorya - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Mga Dulog sa Pagtuturo - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Limang Pangunahing Kakayahan (Macro Skills) - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Layunin ng Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Course Desciption - Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP)
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Ang mga Pilosopiya at mga Teoryang Batayan ng Pagtuturo-Pagkatuto - Edukasyon...
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Character Profile: Simoun, Huli at Kabesang Tales
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Reaction Paper: Kabanata 37: Ang Hiwaga
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Suring Pelikula - ANAK
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
El FIlibusterismo: Buod ng Kabanata 1-10
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Amelia Earhart Timeline
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Thyroid Glands
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) Ekonomiks-Pagkonsumo
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Pagsulong at Pag-unlad
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 
Patakarang Pananalapi
bySophia Marie Verdeflor
 

Recently uploaded

PPTX
3. Off-season and protected cultivation of vegetable crops.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
PDF
W.B. Yeats: The Visionary & The Observer A Comprehensive Study of 'The Second...
bykrutivyas2005
 
PPTX
Cultivation practice of Root vegetables.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
PDF
Harmonising Tertiary Education through XR and AI: Innovative approach in the ...
byTorrens University Australia
 
PPTX
How to Manage Margin & Cost in Odoo 18 POS
byCeline George
 
PDF
Plant Respiration.pdf Remedial Biology Unit-5 B.Pharm 1st Year
bySaurabh Dubey
 
PPTX
Details Study of Joints (articulation).pptx
byAshish Umale
 
PPTX
L5 DRG Pulsed Radiofrequency ablation.pptx
bySandeep Margan
 
PPTX
All Things 2025 - A Year in Review Quiz!
byShashank Jogani
 
PDF
Renewable Energy Resources Unit 2 Easy notes (EduShine Classes).pdf
byaaquib913
 
PPTX
Cultivation Practice of Brinjal in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
PDF
• Reinforcing the Human Firewall: Moving From Awareness to Applied Skill
byAdityarajsinh Gohil
 
PDF
RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM_ ANATOMY_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
bygovt. college of nursing bikaner
 
PPTX
Cultivation practice of Cucumber, Pumpkin and summer squash in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
PDF
Gaming Quiz 2025- 27th October 2025, Quiz Club NITW
byQuiz Club NITW
 
PPTX
CHAPTER 4. Size Reduction, Size Separation, Mixing, Filtration, Drying, Extra...
bySharibJamal
 
PDF
A Short Guide to Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Krishnaveni Manubolu, Raveesha P...
byMan_Ebook
 
PDF
GDGoC TAE Orientation presentation for WOW-Verse hackathon
bymayurpatiltae
 
PPTX
Cultivation Practice of Major Cole crops in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
PPTX
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS by Avi
byAVIJIT SARKAR
 
3. Off-season and protected cultivation of vegetable crops.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
W.B. Yeats: The Visionary & The Observer A Comprehensive Study of 'The Second...
bykrutivyas2005
 
Cultivation practice of Root vegetables.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
Harmonising Tertiary Education through XR and AI: Innovative approach in the ...
byTorrens University Australia
 
How to Manage Margin & Cost in Odoo 18 POS
byCeline George
 
Plant Respiration.pdf Remedial Biology Unit-5 B.Pharm 1st Year
bySaurabh Dubey
 
Details Study of Joints (articulation).pptx
byAshish Umale
 
L5 DRG Pulsed Radiofrequency ablation.pptx
bySandeep Margan
 
All Things 2025 - A Year in Review Quiz!
byShashank Jogani
 
Renewable Energy Resources Unit 2 Easy notes (EduShine Classes).pdf
byaaquib913
 
Cultivation Practice of Brinjal in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
• Reinforcing the Human Firewall: Moving From Awareness to Applied Skill
byAdityarajsinh Gohil
 
RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM_ ANATOMY_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
bygovt. college of nursing bikaner
 
Cultivation practice of Cucumber, Pumpkin and summer squash in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
Gaming Quiz 2025- 27th October 2025, Quiz Club NITW
byQuiz Club NITW
 
CHAPTER 4. Size Reduction, Size Separation, Mixing, Filtration, Drying, Extra...
bySharibJamal
 
A Short Guide to Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Krishnaveni Manubolu, Raveesha P...
byMan_Ebook
 
GDGoC TAE Orientation presentation for WOW-Verse hackathon
bymayurpatiltae
 
Cultivation Practice of Major Cole crops in Nepal.pptx
byUmeshTimilsina1
 
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS by Avi
byAVIJIT SARKAR
 

Ilocano Literature

  • 1.
    ILOCANO LITERATURE A PowerpointPresentation Prepared by Group 4 (VERDEFLOR, MANCILLA, DELOS REYES, FERRER, AGUILAR, PASCUAL, ANTONIO, GUTIERREZ)
  • 2.
  • 3.
    DEFINITION • It isan analytic, interpretative, or critical literary composition usually much shorter and less systematic and formal than a dissertation or thesis and usually dealing with its subject from a limited and often personal point of view
  • 4.
    DEFINITION ACCORDING TOAN ESSAYIST A literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything. ALDOUS HUXLEY
  • 5.
    HOW TO WRITEAN ESSAY • INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH  accomplishes three purposes i. it captures the reader’s interest ii. it suggests the importance of the essay’s topic iii. it ends with a thesis sentence THESIS SENTENCE - offers a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay, research paper, etc.
  • 7.
    HOW TO WRITEAN ESSAY • BODY PARAGRAPH  begins with a topic sentence  If the thesis sentence contains multiple points or assertions, each body paragraph should support or justify them, preferably in the order the assertions originally stated in the thesis
  • 8.
    HOW TO WRITEAN ESSAY • CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH  usually restates the thesis and leaves the reader something about the topic to think about  If appropriate, it may also use a call to act, inviting the reader to make a specific course of action with regard to the points that the essay presented
  • 9.
    TYPES OF ESSAY •There are two forms of essays; literary and non-literary. Literary essays are of four types:  Expository  Descriptive  Narrative  Persuasive
  • 10.
    EXPOSITORY ESSAY • Inan expository essay, the writers give explanation of an idea, theme or issue to the audience by giving their personal opinions. This essay is presented through examples, definitions, comparison, and contrast.
  • 11.
    EXPOSITORY ESSAY • Example: Accordingto Wolf (2004), globalization is deemed as a movement in the direction of greater integration, as both natural and manmade barriers to international economic exchange continue to fall. This definition includes not only the increased international mobility of goods within the world economy, but also the greater mobility of services, capital, labour and financial assets.
  • 12.
    DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • Asit sounds like, it gives description about a particular topic or describes the traits and characteristics of something or a person in details. It allows artistic freedom and creates images in the minds of readers through the use of five senses.
  • 13.
    DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • Example “AsI passed through the gates I heard a squeaky voice. A diminutive middle-aged man came out from behind the trees — the caretaker. He worked a toothbrush-sized stick around in his mouth, digging into the crevices between algae’d stubs of teeth. e was barefoot; he wore a blue batik shirt known as a buba, baggy purple trousers, and an embroidered skullcap. I asked him if he would show me around the shrine. Motioning me to follow, he spat out the results of his stick work and set off down the trail.” (From “The Sacred Grove of Oshogbo” by Jeffrey Tayler)
  • 14.
    DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY • Thisis an example of a descriptive essay, as the author has used descriptive language to paint a dramatic picture for his readers of an encounter with a stranger.
  • 15.
    NARRATIVE ESSAY • Narrativeessay is non-fiction, but describes a story with sensory descriptions. The writers not only tell story, but also make a point by giving reasons.
  • 16.
    NARRATIVE ESSAY • Example: “Iam afraid I do not attract attention, and yet there is not a single home in which I could done without. I am only a small, black kettle but I have much to interest me, for something new happens to me every day. The kitchen is not always a cheerful place in which to live, but still I find plenty of excitement there, and I am quite happy and contented with my lot…” (The Autobiography of a Kettle by John Russell)
  • 17.
    NARRATIVE ESSAY • Inthe following example, the author is telling an autobiography of a kettle and describes the whole story in chronological order. The author has described kettle as a human being, and allows the readers to feel, as he has felt.
  • 18.
    PERSUASIVE ESSAY • Inthis type of essay, a writer tries to convince his readers to adopt his position on a point of view or issue after he provides them solid reasoning in this connection. It requires a lot of research to claim and defend an idea. It is also called an argumentative essay.
  • 19.
    PERSUASIVE ESSAY • Example: “Itis impossible to love, and be wise … Love is a child of folly. … Love is ever rewarded either with the reciprocal, or with an inward and secret contempt. You may observe that amongst all the great and worthy persons…there is not one that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits and great business do keep out this weak passion…That he had preferred Helena, quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much of amorous affection quitted both riches and wisdom.” (Of Love by Francis Bacon)
  • 20.
    PERSUASIVE ESSAY • Inthis excerpt, Bacon attempts to persuade the readers that people, who want to be successful in this world, they must never fall in love. By giving an example of famous people like Paris, who chose Helen as his beloved but lost his wealth and wisdom, the author attempts to convince the audience that they can lose their mental balance by falling in love.
  • 21.
    ELEMENTS OF ANESSAY • The following are the elements of an essay:  Idea  Motive  Structure  Evidence  Explanation  Coherence  Implication  Presence
  • 22.
    IDEA • the generalproposition or thesis that your essay argues about its topic • It should be: (1) true, but (2) arguable--not obviously true, and (3) limited enough in scope to be argued in a short composition and with available evidence
  • 23.
    MOTIVE • a reasonfor writing, suggested at the start of the essay • establishing why you thought the topic needed taking up • why the reader should care (the "so what" factor)
  • 24.
    STRUCTURE • the shapeyour idea takes • the sequence of sub-topics and sections through which it is unfolded and developed • this happens by the complementary activities of CONVINCING your reader and EXPLORING your topic
  • 25.
    EVIDENCE • the factsor details, summarized or quoted, that you use to support, demonstrate, and prove your main idea and sub-ideas
  • 26.
    EVIDENCE • Evidence needsto be: • ample and concrete--enough quotation and vivid summary so readers can experience the texture of the work, its sound and feel, so they feel able to judge your analysis • explicitly connected to the idea--so it's always clear exactly what inference is being made from the evidence, exactly how the details support the idea or sub-idea.
  • 27.
    EXPLANATION • bits ofbackground information, summary, context to orient the reader who isn't familiar with the text you're discussing
  • 28.
    COHERENCE • smooth flowof argument created bytransition sentences that show how the next paragraph or section follows from the preceding one, thus sustaining momentum • echoing key words or resonant phrases quoted or stated earlier
  • 29.
    IMPLICATION • places whereyou speculate on the general significance of your particular analysis of a particular text • you suggest what issues your argument raises about the author's work generally, or about works of its kind (e.g. all short stories), or about the way fiction or criticism works, etc.
  • 30.
    PRESENCE • the sensationof life in the writing, of a mind invested in and focused on a subject, freely directing and developing the essay--not surrendering control (out of laziness or fear) to easy ideas, sentiments, or stock phrases.
  • 31.
    FUNCTION OF ESSAY •The function of an essay depends upon the subject matter, whether the writer wants to inform, persuade, explain or entertain. In fact, the essay increases the analytical and intellectual abilities of the writers as well as readers. It evaluates and tests the writing skills of a writer and organizes his/her thinking to respond personally or critically to an issue. Through an essay, the writers present their arguments in a more sophisticated manner. In addition, it encourages the students to develop concepts and skills such as analysis, comparison and contrast, clarity, exposition, conciseness, and persuasion.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    ILOCANO LITERATURE INTRODUCTION • pertainsto the literary works of writers of Ilocano ancestry regardless of the language used • the terms "Iloko" and "Ilocano" are different “ILOKO” – language “ILOKANO” – people or the ethnicity of the people who speak the Iloko language
  • 34.
    • one ofseveral regional Philippine literatures • one of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature
  • 35.
    HISTORY OF ILOCANOLITERATURE • Ilocanos are descendants of Austronesian-speaking people from southern China via Taiwan • Families and clans arrived by viray or bilog, meaning "boat" • The term Ilokano originates from i-, "from", and looc, "cove or bay", thus "people of the bay.“ • Ilokanos also refer to themselves as Samtoy, a contraction from the Ilokano phrase sao mi ditoy, "our language here"
  • 36.
    PRECOLONIAL TIMES TOTHE 19TH CENTURY • Composed of:  folk songs  riddles  proverbs  lamentations – dung aw  epic stories (written or oral)
  • 37.
    • Ancient Ilokanopoets expressed themselves in folk and war songs Example: Dallot – improvised, versified and at times impromptu long poem delivered in sing-song manner • During Spanish regime, Ilokano poetry was generally patterned after Spanish models
  • 38.
    • Earliest knownwritten Iloko poems  Romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez
  • 39.
    FRANCISCO LOPEZ • anAugustinian friar who, in 1621, published his own Iloko translation of the Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko
  • 40.
    DOCTRINA CRISTIANA • it isthe oldest example of Christian literature in the local language. It is based on the teachings of Cardinal Bellarmine, a theologian and doctor of the Church
  • 41.
    • Study ofIloko Poetry  Gramatika Ilokana - published in 1895 - based on Lopez's Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before 1606.
  • 42.
    PEDRO BUCANEG • collaboratedwith Lopez in the translation of the Doctrina into Iloko • first known Ilokano poet • "Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature“ • blind since childhood • Biag ni Lam-ang
  • 43.
    BIAG NI LAM-ANG •“Life of Lam-ang” • 17th century • Published in El Ilocano – December 1889 to February 1890 • “Vida de Lam-ang”
  • 44.
    18TH CENTURY • Missionariesused religious, secular literatures → Christianity • Religious works  “Sumario de las Indulgencias” (1719) - Fr. Jacinto Rivera  “Pasion” (St. Vincent Ferrer’s Sermons into Iloko) (1845) - Fr. Antonio Mejia
  • 45.
    19TH CENTURY • LeonaFlorentino - “National Poetess of the Philippines” “Ilocana Mother of Filipino Poetry” opoems appeared too syrupy for comfort otoo sentimental to the point of mawkishness oUtterly devoid of form
  • 46.
  • 47.
    FR. JUSTO CLAUDIOFOJAS • Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas- Ilokano secular priest, Leona Florentino’s Contemporary. He wrote: oNovenas oPrayerbooks oCatechism
  • 48.
    FR. JUSTO CLAUDIOFOJAS oMetrical Romances oDramas oBiographies oSpanish grammar dictionary oIloko-Spanish dictionary
  • 49.
    ISABELO DELOS REYES •Leona’s son who wrote: o Poems o Stories o Folklore o Studies o Seemingly interminable religious o Political Articles
  • 50.
  • 51.
    • The achievementof both Claudio Fojas and de los Reyes is possibly more significant than the critical reader of Iloko literature today is ready to admit
  • 52.
    COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA •Comedia (moro-moro) & Zarzuela opresented for the first time in the Ilocos (19th Century) oStill popular today as they were first staged
  • 53.
  • 54.
    COMEDIA (MORO-MORO) • isa play that became popular in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It depicted battles between Christians and Moros-as Muslims in the Philippines are popularly known-with the Moros as the perpetual villains who always lost to the Christians in the end • a highly picturesque presentation of the wars between Christians and Muslims
  • 55.
  • 56.
    ZARZUELA • is aSpanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance • an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once melodrama, comic-opera, and the skit interminably preoccupied with the eternal theme of boy-meets-girl-who- always-live-happily-ever-after-against-seemingly- impossible-odds are still as popular today as they were when first staged in the Ilocos
  • 57.
    COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA •Comedia – scripted from corridos oPrince Don Juan oAri Esteban ken Reyna Hipolita oDoce Paris oBernardo Carpio oJaime Del Prado
  • 58.
    COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA •Marcelino Mena Crisologo -helped popularize the zarzuela based on the culture and tradition of the Ilokanos particularly those in Vigan, Ilocos Sur
  • 59.
  • 60.
    COMEDIA AND ZARZUELA •Pascual Agcaoili y Guerrero (1880-1958) – he is from Ilocos Norte who wrote and staged “Daguiti Agpaspasukmon Basi” • Isaias R. Lazo (1887-1983) – he is from San Vicente, Ilocos Sur who wrote comedia and zarzuela
  • 61.
    YEAR 1892 • firstIloko novel, written by Fr. Rufino Redondo –RUFINO REDONDO an Augustinian friar, titled "Matilde de Sinapangan.“
  • 62.
    YEAR 1892 • DonQuintin Alcid - wrote another Iloko novel, "Ayat, Kaanonto Ngata?" ("Love, When Shall it Be?")
  • 63.
    YEAR 1892 • ArturoCenteno of Vigan - he is from Ilocos Sur who also wrote three novels titled:  "Apay a Di Mangasawa?" ("Why Doesn't He Get Married?"), "Dispensara" and; "Padi a Puraw Wenno Naamo a Kibin" ("A White Priest or a Good Guide").
  • 64.
    THE 20TH CENTURYLITERATURE • more intense in literary activity • Some of the literature in this period are: "Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales" ("Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful Revenge") by Mariano Gaerlan (1909); "Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan" ("Improvement Despite Obstacles") by Facundo Madriaga (1911); "Mining Wenno Ayat ti Cararua" ("Mining or Spiritual Love") by Marcelino Peña Crisologo (1914);
  • 65.
    THE 20TH CENTURYLITERATURE  "Nasam-it ken Narucbos nga Sabong dagiti Dardarepdep ti Agbaniaga" ("Sweet and Fresh Flower of a Traveller's Dreams") by Marcos E. Millon (1921);  "Sabsabong ken Lulua" ("Flowers and Tears") by R. Respicio (1930);  "Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?" ("Why Did They Kill Don Simon?"), first known detective novel in Iloko by Leon C. Pichay (1935);  "Puso ti Ina" ("A Mother's Heart") by Leon C. Pichay (1936).
  • 66.
    THE 20TH CENTURYLITERATURE • November 3, 1934 – Bannawag Magazine (sister publication of Liwayway, Bisaya and Hiligaynon)  Iloko literature reached a headland  Many Ilokanos started to write literary pieces
  • 67.
  • 68.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • (Ilokoword meaning "dawn") is a Philippine weekly magazine published in the Philippines by Liwayway Publications Inc. It contains serialized novels/comics, short stories, poetry, essays, news features, entertainment news and articles, among others, that are written in Ilokano, a language common in the northern regions of the Philippines
  • 69.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Bannawag’sshort stories showed sustained growth • 1920 – short stories written were poor imitations of equally poor American fiction and early short story writers had practically no literary background in their attempts.
  • 70.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1947– growth of the short story was not apparent until Bannawag resumed publication in this period • Most of the stories published dealt with themes of: War Guerilla activities Japanese Artrocities Murder Pillage Death
  • 71.
    20TH CENTURY LITERATURE •While many articles have been written by Ilokanos and non-Ilokanos about the Ilocos Region, few scholarly studies have been conducted. Among these scholars were:  Leopoldo Y. Yabes (UP) – made a brief survey of Iloko Literature (1934) Findings: Iloko Literature began with Pedro Bukaneg
  • 72.
    20TH CENTURY LITERATURE Thomas B. Alcid (UST) – made a study on Iloko prose fiction – discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko novel and their possibilities in Philippine Literature (1940) • Findings: Short stories and novels were still young and needed more improvement
  • 73.
    20TH CENTURY LITERATURE •1954 – Mercedes F. Guerrero (MLQEI) - made a master thesis titled “Critical Analysis of the Outstanding Iloko Short Stories Published in the Bannawag from 1948 to 1952” • Findings: Iloko Stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs of the Filipino people
  • 74.
    20TH CENTURY LITERATURE •Guerrero also found out that the Ilokano author served his society by: 1) Preserving the ideals, customs and traditions of the people. 2) Bringing out the social consciousness of the era—its mood, conflicts, struggles, and rehabilitation. 3) Awakening man's sensibilities to the joys, sorrows, loves, hatreds and jealousies of the people. 4) Casting away sectional sentiments and prejudices and bringing about fuller understanding of the different ethnic groups.
  • 75.
    20TH CENTURY LITERATURE •“Dalang: An Introduction to Philippine Literature in Iloko” – Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. (1967) o traits and characteristics of the Ilokanos • Of their literature, he stated: "...The Ilokano language is so highly developed as to have produced the greatest number of printed works in any Philippine language, next to Tagalog
  • 76.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE Bannawag hasplayed and still plays a major role in the development of Iloko literature. It is the only magazine where Ilokano writers hope to publish most of their writingsAt present, it publishes:  Poems (daniw)  Short Stories (sarita)  Novels (nobela)  Essays (salaysay)  Comics  Biographies  Folktales  And many other writings
  • 77.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1930s– most of its contents were translations from the Liwayway magazine save a novel by Hermogenes F. Belen titled "Nadaraan a Linnaaw" (Blood-stained Dew) which was serialized in 1947
  • 78.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Otherwriters at that time included:  Benjamin M. Pascual David D. Campañano Godofredo S. Reyes Benito de Castro Jose P. Acance Benjamin Gray Marcelino A. Foronda,Jr.
  • 79.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1960s– poems, short stories and novels published by the Bannawag became better — in craftsmanship, development of plots and themes, among others. and Writers by then, most of whom were college students and professionals, had a bigger library of literary books
  • 80.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • 1961– for the development of the Iloko short story, Bannawag launched a writing contest. • Judges were: Prof. Santiago Alcantara of the National University Prof. Angel C. Anden of the Manuel L. Quezon University and;  Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. of the De La Salle University-Manila
  • 81.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Thesaid contest lasted until 1970 • One of the judges said the quality of Iloko short stories was competitive with those written in English
  • 82.
    BANNAWAG MAGAZINE • Beforethe martial-law era, most of the poems, stories and novels dwelt on political unrest and protests, like rallies and demonstrations by students, professionals and workers against the government. (From an essay by Jose A. Bragado. Bragado is one of the foremost writers in contemporary Ilokano literature. He is a former literary editor of Bannawag magazine and past president of GUMIL, an international association of Ilokano writers.)
  • 83.
    ILOKO LITERATURE: TODAYAND TOMORROW • Ilokano writers have also published their works in foreign countries • One of the most popular authors of Ilocano ancestry abroad was the late Carlos Bulosan
  • 84.
    CARLOS BULOSAN • a California immigrantborn to Ilokano parents in Pangasinan
  • 85.
  • 86.
    F. SIONIL JOSE •Born: December 3, 1924 • A Filipino journalist and fictionist • Currently the most internationally translated Filipino author • Declared as National Artist for Literature in 2001 • Has been called as a Philippine National Treasure
  • 87.
    F. SIONIL JOSE •Late fifties, he founded the Philippine branch of PEN which is an international organization of poets, playwrights and novelists • 1965 – he started his own publishing house SOLIDARIDAD • 1966 – he began publishing the remarkable Solidarity which is a journal current affairs, ideas and arts, still going strong today
  • 88.
    F. SIONIL JOSE •His works are available in 28 languages • He has been awarded numerous fellowships and awards; most notable in:  1980 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication  2004 Pablo Neruda Centennial Award from Chile
  • 89.
    F. SIONIL JOSE •WORK: “Yabang:Our curse and undoing”
  • 90.
    F. SIONIL JOSE •Other works: (Essay and non-fiction) In Search of the Word (De La Salle University Press, March 15, 1998 We Filipinos: Our Moral Malaise, Our Heroic Heritage Soba, Senbei and Shibuya: A Memoir of Post-War Japan Heroes in the Attic, Termites in the Sala: Why We are Poor (2005) This I Believe: Gleanings from a Life in Literature (2006) Literature and Liberation (co-author) (1988)
  • 91.
    ILOKO LITERATURE: TODAYAND TOMORROW •Back home, many Iloko writers have won major prizes in the annual Palanca Awards
  • 92.
    PALANCA AWARDS • themost prestigious and most anticipated of all literary contests in the Philippines
  • 93.
    PALANCA AWARDS • Thesefamous winners' names include:  Reynaldo A. Duque  Ricarte Agnes  Aurelio S. Agcaoili  Lorenzo G. Tabin  Jaime M. Agpalo Jr.  Prescillano N. Bermudez  William V. Alvarado  Maria Fres-Felix  Clarito G. de Francia  Arnold Pascual Jose  Eden Aquino Alviar  Severino Pablo  Ariel S. Tabag  Daniel L. Nesperos  Roy V. Aragon  Danilo Antalan  Joel B. Manuel  Bernardo D. Tabbada  Noli S. Dumlao and;  others
  • 94.
    CHILDREN’S BOOK Ti BantayA Nagayat Iti Maysa A Billit • fully illustrated, colored children's picture book • original story is The Mountain That Loved A Bird by Alice McLerran • Originally published in the United States with illustrations by Eric Carle, the story has been translated to Iloko by Herminio S. Beltran, Jr. and illustrated with new art by Beaulah Pedregosa Taguiwalo drawn from the landscapes of the Philippines
  • 95.
    CHILDREN’S BOOK Ti BantayA Nagayat Iti Maysa A Billit • publisher is Mother Tongue Publishing Inc., a new publishing company based in Manila, Philippines formed in November 2006 by Mario and Beaulah Taguiwalo • mission is to publish books in as many languages as possible
  • 96.
    THE GUMIL -GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • On October 19, 1968, GUMIL Filipinas (Ilokano Writers Association of the Philippines) was organized in Baguio City • Arturo M. Padua, then mayor of Sison, Pangasinan, was elected president. • The officers took their oath of office before President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
  • 97.
    THE GUMIL -GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • GUMIL Filipinas or Gunglo dagiti Mannurat nga Ilokano iti Filipinas, Inc., was incorporated and registered with the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission on January 8, 1977.
  • 98.
    THE GUMIL -GUNGLO DAGITI MANNURAT NGA ILOKANO • GUMIL Filipinas' main objectives are: – To provide a forum in which Ilokano writers can undertake common and cooperative efforts to improve their craft of writing literary, historical, research and other works; – To enrich Ilokano literature and cultural heritage as phases of the national identity by encouraging the members to concentrate on writing extensively and intensively about the social, economic, cultural and other aspects of growth and development among the Ilokanos through literature, history, research, or the like; – To publish books of poetry, short stories, essays, novels, historical accounts, research and critical studies, and other writings; and – To assist each member in pursuing his/her writing career and in fulfilling his life as a member of Philippines society.