Basic introduction of heart

1. Human Heart

2. 2
Introduction
• Hollow, muscular organ
• The heart is a complex muscular pump.
• 300 grams (size of a fist)
• It maintains blood pressure of the body.
• The heart pumps about 1,00,000 times
• moves 7200 liters (1900 gallons) of blood every
day.

3. HODS - November
2006
3
HEART

4. 4
HEART ANATOMY
1. Location of heart
2. Covering layers of heart
3. Layers of heart
4. Chambers of heart
5. valves

5. Location of the heart
• The heart is located
between the lungs.
• behind the sternum
• above the diaphragm.
• Its centre is located
about 1.5 cm to the
left of the midsagittal
plane.

6. 6
Heart’s position in thorax

7. SOHAN A. PATEL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY,

8. 6. Heart Valves
Function-
• prevent blood from flowing backwards
Two types of valves in heart
1. Atrioventricular valves (AV)
2. Semi-lunar valves (SL)

9. 1. Atrioventricular Valves
Located between Atrium and
ventricles.
Right AV valve (Tricuspid)
• Located between Right
Atrium and ventricle.
• Contains 3 cusps
Left AV valve (Mitral or
Bicuspid)
• Located between left Atrium
and ventricle.
•Contains 2 cusps

10. 2. Semilunar valves
• Located at exit of ventricles, originate from
endothelial lining of veins
Heart contains two semilunar valves
• Pulmonic valve
• Aortic valve

13. Internal structure of Heart

15. The Heart
These are arteries.
They carry blood away
from the heart.
This is a vein. It brings
blood from the body,
except the lungs.
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
blood supply
The heart has four chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
now lets look inside the heart

16. The Heart
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
valve
Vein from Lungs
Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs
Vein from Head and Body
valve

17. How does the Heart work?
blood from the
body
blood from
the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
STEP ONE

18. The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO

19. How does the Heart work?
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
STEP THREE

20. 3 Kinds of Circulation:
• Pulmonary circulation
• Coronary circulation
• Systemic circulation

21. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart again

22. sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html

23. Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of
the heart

24. http://sln.fi.edu/biosci2/systems/

25. Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue
located throughout the body , except for
the heart and lungs

26. http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/systemic.html

28. Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY
Blood Vessels

29. Arteries
• Carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Main artery called the aorta
• Aorta divides and branches and become Many smaller
arteries
• Each region of your body has system of arteries
supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.

30. The ARTERY
thick muscle and elastic
fibres
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow the artery
to stretch under pressure
the thick muscle can contract
to push the blood along.

31. Aortic arch
Arteries
Pulmonary artery
(trunk)
Coronary
arteries

32. Arteries circulation

33. Veins
• Carry blood to the heart
• Receive blood from the capillaries
• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back to
the heart
• Allow blood to move in one direction

34. The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
thin muscle and elastic
fibres
veins have valves which act to
stop the blood from going in the
wrong direction.
body muscles surround the veins so that when
they contract to move the body, they also
squeeze the veins and push the blood along the
vessel.

35. Capillaries
• Very thin
• Only one cell thick
• Connect arteries & veins

36. Capillaries
• Food and oxygen released to the body
cells
• Carbon dioxide and other waste products
returned to the bloodstream

37. The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
they exchange materials between
the blood and other body cells.
The exchange of materials between
the blood and the body can only occur
through capillaries.

38. artery vein
capillaries
body cell
The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

39. http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html

40. www.biosbcc.net/doohan/ sample/htm/heart.htm

43. Heart Circulation

44. Heart Circulation

46. Veins
circulation

47. Physiology Of heart

48. Properties of Cardiac muscle:-
1.Excitability or irritability
2.Contractility
3.Automaticity
4.Rhythmicity
5.Refractory period
6.Tonicity

49. Coordination of chamber contraction, relaxation

50. I. Excitability (Irritability):
= the ability of cardiac muscle to respond to
adequate stimuli by generating an action
potential followed by a mechanical
contraction.

54. Electrophysiology of the cardiac muscle cell

55. The Conduction System
• Electrical signal begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node:
"natural pacemaker."
– causes the atria to contract.
• The signal then passes through the atrioventricular
(AV) node.
– sends the signal to the ventricles via the “bundle of
His”
– causes the ventricles to contract.

56. The Conduction System

57. The normal electrocardiogram

58. Abnormalities of Heart:-
1. Hypertension
2. CHF (Conjunctive heart failure)
3. Hyperlipidemic
4. Arraythmias
5. Angina pectories