Presentation on the current state of cloud computing and the role that open source, containers and microservices are playing in the cloud. Presented to Florida Linux Users Exchange on April 9th, 2015

1. Florida Linux User Exchange April 2015
Mark Hinkle
Senior Director
Open Source Solutions
http://open.citrix.com
@mrhinkle
mrhinkle@gmail.com

3. Slides Can be Viewed and Downloaded at:
http://www.slideshare.net/socializedsoftware/
Copyright Mark R. Hinkle, available under the
CCbySA license some rights reserved 2015

5. Walking before you run

7. Inspired by Simon Wardley http://enterpriseitadoption.com/

8. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Amazon
Azure
Google
Rackspace
Revenue (in Billions)
Source: Company data, Evercore Group LLC, Research. Azure based on MSFT comments about a $1 billion rev run rate in May
2013. Google based on estimate by TBR (Technology Business Research)

9. Company Revenue Annual Growth
Amazon $962 million 49%
Microsoft $370 164%
IBM $259 86%
Salesforce $203 38%
Google $169 47%
Source: Synergy Research Group

10. “Citrix CloudStack 3 Brings the Power of Amazon-Style Clouds to
Customers of All Sizes”
Citrix Press Release, February 12, 2012
“AWS And Eucalyptus To Make It Easier For Customers To Migrate
Applications Between On-Premises Environments And The Cloud”
Eucalyptus Press Release, March 22, 2012
“HP Cloud Compute undercuts Amazon, too”
Tech Target, December 12, 2012

12. H/T: Adrian Cockcroft

13. https://twitter.com/swardley/status/585205624331444225/photo/1

14. Public PrivateHybrid

19. zzz
Public Cloud
• Global Footprint
• Massive Scale
• Extreme Velocity
Vendors
Advantages
Challenges
• Stability
• Security
• Privacy
• End-to-End
Network
• Security & SLA
• App QOS
• SI Capabilities
• Enterprise Trust
• SMB Channel
Managed Cloud SP/SI Cloud
• Higher price than
Public Cloud
• Limited services
capabilities
• Agility
• Stack lock-in
• Not always best of
breed for whole
stack

20. Compute
(Containers, KVM, Xen
Project)
Distirbuted Storage
(Ceph, Gluster)
Networking
(Open Daylight)
Orchestration – OpenStack, Apache CloudStack
Docker Apache Mesos Kubernetes
Platform-as-a-Service – CloudFoundry, OpenShift, Gigaspaces

22. Containers compared to Hardware Virtualization
• Different file formats for virtual machines
(VMware uses vmdk file format, Xen and Hyper-
V use VHD, KVM uses Raw or QCOW2)
• Guest images may be “processor architecture”
bound
• VMware and Xen can manage SCSI devices,
but KVM cannot
• KVM and Xen can use virtio drivers but not
VMware
• VMware uses a proprietary agent inside the
guest OS (VMware tools) which does not work
with Xen or KVM
• Yada, Yada, Yada

24. • Lightweight Linux execution environment
• Static application composition
• Reliable deployment
• Unit of resource isolation
• Execution isolation
• Multi-tenancy without heavyweight VMs

25. • Rapid deployment
• Ease-of-use
• Portability
• Provenance
• Reusable Code
• Open Source
• Configurable Layers
• Reproducible
• Version-Controlled
The Flux Capacitor
Of Cloud Computing

26. Legacy - Node First Development
App +SO bundled machine images
Fragile, tightly couple apps and little resource fungability.
Low resource efficiency
Containers
Hermetically sealed deployment units
Efficient isolation and resource use.
Clustering
Declarative app model
Agile, decoupled architecture
Smart (Machine Learning Enhanced)
Active Management
New World - Cluster First Development
Radically enhanced developer productivity: snap together systems.
Radically reduced operations overhead: deploy, run, update effortlessly
Operational specialization: cluster/infra ops separate from app ops

27. • Security???
• Binary Management (Repos)
• Resource tracking and separation
• Networking across clouds/hosts
• Container consistency (Multiple container sources)
• Many other problems with rapidly deployable, highly portable, easily
used technologies

29. Container Cluster Management – Scheduler
Kubernetes builds on top of Docker to
construct a clustered container scheduling
service. Kubernetes enables users to ask a
cluster to run a set of containers. The system
will automatically pick worker nodes to run
those containers on, which we think of more
as "scheduling" than "orchestration”
To learn more please visit:
https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetesGreek for Shipmaster

34. A design pattern in which software/application
components provide services to other
software/application components via a protocol,
typically over a network and in a loosely-coupled
way.
SOA Definition circa 1995

35. microservices(n) - Loosely coupled
service oriented architecture with
bounded contexts
If every service has to be
updated at the same time
it’s not loosely coupled
If you have to know
too much about surrounding
services you don’t have a
bounded context.

36. • Microservices can be introduced quickly
• Leave old services in production until time to clean-up
• Allows for faster speed of innovation
• Code pushes are only additive so no legacy issues

37. Rocket
?

38. NetflixBlog-http://techblog.netflix.com/2015/02/a-microscope-on-microservices.html

39. Alex Williams (the New Stack) : Looking out at 2015, what are some
of the issues that will be more complex in this distributed
infrastructure world for customers – what are some of the top ones
you see?
Mitchell Hashimoto(Hashicorp) - Number one is service proliferation, where
your data center just becomes more and more services. Number two is, inherently
becoming multi-data-center and highly-distributed at a much earlier stage. With things
like Docker, where you can run things in much smaller units, it becomes a lot easier to
start running a lot more services. As a result, we have a management problem, an
orchestration problem, and distributed system problems in there.
Source: http://thenewstack.io/new-stack-mitchell-hashimoto-containers-no-containers-one-question-2015/

42. Cloud 2.0
Where Awesome Starts

43. …the future of technological innovation is
not stealing limited resources away from
one another, but creating new resources
— and new opportunities to create new
resources — together in a rich ecosystem.
Allison Randal
Open Source Hacker
Former OSCON Program Chair
@allisonrandal
Open Source Isn’t a Zero-Sum Game

44. How can you tell if they’re Legit
• Code Velocity
• Committers
• Committer Reputation
• User-driven or Vendor-Driven Innovation
• User Activity
• Corporate Support*
• Reputation of Foundation*

45. Visualizing Community Activity
http://www.openhub.net http://activity.openstack.org

46. Innovate
Develop what doesn’t exist to address your needs
Leverage
Leverage the growing base of high-quality open source software
Commoditize
Shift non-differentiating tech to reliable services or sources
Simon Wardley – Open Source as a weapon

47. • Declarative > Imperative – State desired results, let the system actuate
• Control loops: Observe, rectify, repeat
• Simple > complex: Do as little as possible
• Modularity: Components, interfaces & plugins
• Legacy compatible: Requiring apps to change is a non-starter
• Network-centeric – IP addresses are cheap
• Non grouping - Labels are the only groups
• Cattle > pets: Manager your workload in Bulk
• Open > closed: Open Source, standards, REST, JSON, etc.
Courtesy: Craig Mcluckie Google Linux Collab Summit

48. • Massively Scalable
• Secure
• Competitive Prices
• Distributed Applications
• Proliferation of Microservices coming

49. • Cloud Tenets
(Rapid Elasticity, Metered, Self-Service, Pooling, Broad Network)
• Hosted on User Selected Hardware
• Tailored to just what you need
• Unlikely to have as many zones as public
• Next evolution of cloud isn’t all-in-on, it’s
federation of cloud services (no silos)

50. • Minimum Viable Cloud
• Network Quality of Service*
• Application Management *
• Service Level Differentiation*
• Developer Environments*
• Advanced Security*
• Continuous Integration*
• Developer Environments *

52. And I work on open source at Citrix.
http://open.citrix.com
Thank You

53. • Pattern: Microservices Architecture
• Gilt’s Kevin Scaldeferri on Enabling Micro-service Architectures with
Scala(Video)
• Heroku Blog - Why Microservices Matter
• Microservices Example – Azure Biz Talk
• Video: Integrating to Microservices by Adrian Cockcroft
• Distributed Systems for Fun and Profit