Detailed description of pest of Cucurbitaceous vegetable and their management

2. 1.Cucurbit Fruit fly
•S.N. - Bactrocera cucurbitae (Melone fruit fly)
Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly )
Dacus ciliatus (Ethiopian fruit fly)
•Family - Tephritidae
•Order - Diptera

3. •Economical importance
•Huge annual losses to several crops.
•More than 50% crops are damaged by fruit
flies
Host plants
Bitter gourd, Snake gourd, Melons, Mango,
Ber, Guava

4. Mark of Identification
•Adult
•Resemble common housefly but has conical
shape & yellowish
•Maggot
•Small dirty white, legless, tapering at one
end.

5. Fruit fly

6. Life history
• Egg : 200,laid just under the
skin(epidermis) of the fruits
•Pupa : in soil

7. Life Cycle

8. Nature of damage
•Only maggots cause damage by feeding near ripe fruits,
riddling them and polluting pulp.
•Maggots bore into the fruit and feed on pulp forming
lesions.
•Fruits decay due to secondary bacterial infection.
•Damage is more serious in melons.
• Fruits at early stage also are attacked. Such fruits do not
develop. Infestation results in premature drop of fruits.
•The damage is more in monsoon season.

9. Fruit Fly

10. Management
•Removal and destruction of fallen fruits
•Affected fruits collected and destroyed. ·
• Harvesting of fruits before ripening. ·
•Deep ploughing to expose hibernating stage.
•“CUE LURE” is an effective attractant being used to
trap cucurbit fruit fly. ·
• Poison baiting with malathion 20ml malation +200
jaggary + 20 lit of water ·

11. Parasitoids:
Opius fletcheri
Predator - Ant

12. 2.Red pumpkin beetle
•Red pumpkin beetles- Raphidopalpa
faveicollis .
•Black pumpkin beetles - Raphidopalpa
intermedia .
•Yellow pumpkin beetle - Ceratia cincta.
•Family - Chrysomelidae
•Order - Coleoptera

13. Red pumpkin beetle

14. •Economical importance
•Most destructive pest
•Damage the young seedlings
Host plants –
Bitter gourd, Snake gourd, Melons

15. Life history
• Egg - 150-300 laid in moist soil
•Larva - 5-27 days depending on
moisture & temp.
•Pupa - in soil P.P.- 15-35 days
•Adult - live for 20 -197 days .

16. Life cycle

17. Nature Of Damage
• Beetles are mainly responsible for the damage of the plant
above ground .
• They damage the leaves flower and fruits making irregular
holes and causing death or retardation of growth .
• Grub live in soil and feed on roots and stem of the plant .
• Fruits and leaves also get damaged when come in contact
with the soil
• Damaged roots stem start rotting
• In case of heavy infestation re -sowing is required .

18. Control Measures
•Deep summer ploughing exposes the grubs and pupae.
•Collection and destruction of adults ·
• Dusting the plants with ash temporarily repel the
beetles.
• Dusting the soil and foliage with carbaryl 10D
• Foliar spray with
• Carbaryl 3g/l or methyl parathion 2 ml/l
• Dimethoate at 2 ml/l or malathion 2 ml/l ·

19. Parasitoid

20. 3. Blister beetle
•S.N. - Mylabis pustulata
•Family - Meloidae
•Order - Coleoptera

21. Blister beetle

22. •Economical importance
•Most destructive pest.
•This beetle secreted acidic substance called
Canthredin from their body
•When crushed on human body cause blisters
and hence that are called blister beetles.
Host plants –
Bitter gourd, Snake gourd, Melons, cotton
Groundnut ,Millets

23. Life history
• Egg - laid in soil
•Grub - found in soil & feed on eggs
of grasshopper & locust .
•Pupa - in soil

24. Nature Of Damage
•Beetles feed o pollen & petal of flower
buds
•As result fruit setting adversely
affected .

25. Control measure
•Hand collection of beetles .
• Dusting the soil and foliage with carbaryl
10D
• Foliar spray with
• Carbaryl 3g/l or methyl parathion 2 ml/l or
• Dimethoate at 2 ml/l or malathion 2 ml/l ·

26. 4.Aphids
• S.N. - Aphis gossypii
• Family - Aphididae
• Order - Hemiptera

27. Aphid

28. •Adult:
•Most aphids do not lay eggs.
•They usually reproduce through
parthenogenesis .
•Development of embryo without mating with
males .

29. Nature of damage .
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the
leaves
•The affected plants turn yellow, get deformed
and dry away
• Aphids also secrete honeydew on which sooty
mould grows, which hampers the
photosynthetic activity.

30. Control Measures.
• Seed treatment with imidachloprid
• Thiamethoxam 5 kg/seed
• Use of yellow sticky trap.

31. 5.Serpentine leaf miner
• S.N. - Liriomyza trifolii
• Family - Agromyzidae
• Order - Diptera

32. Mark of identification
•Egg : Eggs are minute in size and orange yellow in
color.The egg hatches in 4 days.
•Larva : Apodous maggot , Full grown maggot
measures 3 mm. L.P. 7 days.
•Pupa : Pupation is in soil. Some pupae are found in
leaves. P.P - 7 days.
•Adult : It is a pale yellowish fly, measuring 1.5 mm in
length.Total life cycle takes 3 weeks.

33. Serpentine leaf miner

34. Life cycle

35. Nature Of Damage
•Maggot feeds on leaves
of chlorophyll mining in
between epidermal
layers.
•Leaves with serpentine
mines
•Drying dropping of leaves
in severe case

36. Leaf mining damage on leaves

37. Control Measures.
• Removal of affected plants,
• Growing tomato as a trap crop
• Foliar spray with neem oil 5ml/l can minimizes
the incidence

38. 6.White fly
• Whitefly - Bemisia tabaci
•Family - Aleurodidae
•Order - Hemiptera

39. Mark of Identification
• Adult
•With yellowish body and red eyes .
• Wings white or greenish
•Nymph
•Smaller in size , sluggish & pale yellow

40. whitefly

41. •Host plant
Brinjal, Okra, Potato,cabbage , Cauliflower
,Tomato, Melon
•Life history
Eggs - Underside of leaves.
Nymph - 9 to 14 days.
Life cycle completed - 13 -122 days .
No of generation - 10 -12 /year

42. Nature Of Damage
•Nymph and adult suck the cell sap from leaves as
result leaves wither and turn brownish .
•Shedding of flower buds and flowers.
•Nymph and adult excrete honey dew on which
black sooty mould develops which affects the
photosynthesis