Detailed description of pest of Citrus and their management

2. 1.Lemon Butterfly
•S.N. - Papilio demoleus
•Family - Papilionidae
•Order - Lepidoptera

3. Mark of Identification
•Butterfly
• have yellow and black marking on wings.
•Larva
•Green color ,measures 38 mm

4. •Economical importance
It is the most destructive pest in nurseries
•Host plant
• All citrus spp.
•Other plant like ber ,bale, kadhi limb ,
bawachi .

5. •Life history
•Eggs - 70-180, Singly on tender leaves.
•Larva - L.P. – 2 Weeks.
•Pupa - Pupation on plant remain attached by silken
threads.
•P.P - 10 to 15 days, may extended up to 2-3 months in
winter
•No. of generation - 4 / year
•S.O. - Pest active in monsoon season.

6. Larva Pupa

7. Lemon butterfly

8. Nature of damage
•The caterpillars feed voraciously on
leaf lamina leaving behind only the
midrib
•Incase of severe infestation, entire
tree is defoliated

9. Nature of damage of
Lemon butterfly

10. Management
•Hand picking of the caterpillar in early stage of
infestation .
•Spraying with Monocrotophos (1.5 ml/lit of water).
•Spray o.1% carbaryl
•Spray o.05% fenvalerate
•Spray o.05% quinolphos
•Spray Bt .1gm / lit.
•Spray 3% NSKE

11. 2.Leaf miner
•S.N. - Phyllocnistis citrella
•Family - Gracillaridae
•Order - Lepidoptera

12. Leaf miner

13. Economical importance
•Most destructive pest
•Active in monsoon
•Infestation noticed in seedling stage
•Responsible for the spread of bacterial
infection causing Citrus canker .

14. Citrus canker

15. Mark of Identification
•Moths
•Sliver white color
• Forewings with brown stripe and prominent
black spot near the tip.
•Caterpillar
•Yellow in color with brown mandibles

16. •Host plant
All citrus spp.
•Life history
Eggs - singly on underside of leaves
Larva - 1-2 weeks
Pupa - inside the larval mines on leaves
•No. of generation – 9-13 / year.

17. Nature Of Damage
•On hatching larva feed on leaf tissues between
upper and lower surface of leaves making glistering
zigzag tunnels .
•Affected leaves turn pale yellow, curl and finally
dry.
•Mined leaves may get bacterial infection which
leads to citrus canker.

18. Affected leaves

19. Control Measures
•Remove and destroy infected leaves.
•Pruning of all the affected parts during winter
•Spraying plant with Methyl Demeton (0.03%) and
Phosphamidon (0.035%)
•Spray o.05% Monocrotophos
•Spray o.1% Malathion
•Spray neem oil 100ml / 10 lit. water

20. 3.Citrus psylla
•S.N. - Diaphorina citri
•Family - Psyllidae
•Order - Hemiptera

21. Economical importance
•Most destructive pest
•Responsible for the spread of
mycoplasma disease causing
Greening melody .

23. Mark of identification
•Adult
•Small ,dark brown in color .
•wings are folded like roof over
body

24. Citrus psylla

25. •Host plant
Citrus , Other plants belonging to family
Rutaceae
•Life history
Eggs - 800 in leaf axis
Nymph - N.P. 2 weeks in summer 3-4weeks
in winter
Adult - longevity may extend over 6 month .
No .of generation – 9 / year

26. Nature Of Damage
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the
tender leaves , shoot and bud which as
result curl ,dry up and ultimately drop
down
•Complete crop failure are reported in
severe infestation .

27. Citrus psylla

28. Control measure
•A number of natural enemies such as species of
coccinellids and ladybird beetles attack the nymphs of
citrus psylla
•Spray the plants with Phosphamidon (0.025%)
• Parathion (0.025%)
• Also application of Monocrotophos (0.025%)
•Malathion (0.03%) or Dimethoate (1.5%) I
•Release predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouziery @
5 beetles /tree.

29. 4.White fly & Black fly
•Citrus Whitefly - Dialeurodes citri
•Black fly - Aleurocantus woglumi
•Family - Aleurodidae
•Order - Hemiptera

30. Economical importance
•Common occurrence , destructive
pest
•It causes Kolshi in citrus .
•Reduce plant vigor

31. Mark of Identification
•White fly –
• Adult - with yellowish body and red eyes .
• Wings white or greenish
•Black fly
•Smaller in size and black in color

32. Citrus whitefly

33. Citrus Black Fly

34. •Host plant
Citrus, Cotton, Banana, Coffee &
Other Ornamental Plant
•Life history
Eggs - Underside of leaves.
Nymph - 3 to 10 weeks.

35. Nature Of Damage
•Nymph and adult suck the cell sap from leaves as
result leaves wither and turn brownish .
•Nymph and adult excrete honey dew on which
black sooty mould develops.
•The blackish coating commonly called Kolshi
•Fruit setting adversely affected in case of severe
infection

36. Black sooty mould

37. Control Measures
•Spray with Dimethoate 0.05%
•Spray with 0.075 %malathion .
•Drench the trees with sufficient solution of
Monocrotophos (1.5 ml/L)
Phosphamidon(0.7 ml/L)
Acephate (0.8 ml/L)
•Release of predator malada bonineusis @200
eggs/tree

38. 5.Fruit Sucking Moth
•S.N. - Eudocima fullonica
Eudocima materna.
•Family - Noctuidae
•Order - Lepidoptera

39. Mark of Identification
•Moths
• Moths large sized .
•Forewings grey or brown
•hind wings orange or yellow with the black spot
in the Center.
•E. fullonica - kidney shape black spot
•E. materna - round black spot

40. •Host plant
•Larva - feeds on leaves of Gulvel andVasantvel .
•Moths - feeds on citrus fruit ,mango
,pomegranate ,grapes, cashewnut .
Life history
Eggs - 300 on leaves of weed. I.P. 3-4 days.
Larva - semilooper 5 cm . L.P. 20 days.
Pupa - in soil
S.O. - Active in kharif season .

41. Fruit sucking moth

43. Nature Of Damage .
•Moths are nocturnal & seen flying in
orchard after dusk .
•Moths puncture the ripening fruits & suck
the juice .
•Bacteria infection to the infested fruit
causes rotting.

44. Nature Of Damage

45. Control measure
•Eradication of the host plant . Gulvel and
vasantvel
•Poison baiting ( 20ml malathion 50 EC + 200
gm Jaggary +20 lit water )
•Bagging of fruit with the paper or cloth
bags .
•Removal and dispose of fallen fruit.

46. 6.Aphids
• S.N. - Toxoptera citricida
• Family - Aphididae
• Order - Hemiptera

47. Aphid

48. Nature of damage .
• Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the tender
leaves , shoot and bud which as result curl ,dry up
and ultimately drop down
• Sever attack at flowering may affect fruit setting.
• Plant growth is stunted
• Sooty mould produced on honey dew excreted by
aphids
• Vector of citrus tristeza virus (CTV)

49. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection

50. Control Measures.
• Given under citrus psylla

51. 7.Mealybug
• S.N. - Planococcus citri
• Family - Psedococcidae
• Order - Hemiptera

52. Nature of damage .
• Feeds on roots ,bark , foliage and fruit .
• Fruit discoloration
• Fruit splitting
• Fruit drop

53. Control Measures.
• Given under citrus psylla
• Pruning
• Apply sticky bands to tree trunk for
controlling crawlers of mealy bugs.
• Release of Australian lady bird beetle

54. 8.Citrus thrips-
• S.N. - Scirtothrips citri
•Family - Thripidae
• Order - Thysanoptera

55. Nature of damage .
•Nymph and adult -----
•Leaves become cup shaped, leathery,
distorted and wrinkled
• Silvery-white irregular patches and a
circular ring appear around the neck of
fruit

56. Control Measures.
• Spray 1250 ml triazophos 40 EC
• Spray 1000 ml oxydemeton
methyl 25 EC