Detailed description of pest of Mango and their management

2. 1.Mango Hopper
•S.N. - Amritodus atkinsoni
•Family - Cicadellidae
•Order - Hemiptera

3. Mark of Identification
•Nymph
• Pale yellow, very active and hide in lower shoots
or in cracks in the barks.
•The insect appears in February when mango trees
come to flowering.
•Adult
large, light brown with two spots on head

4. •Host plant
•Mango, Citrus ,Mulberry ,Sapota.
•Life history
•Eggs - Laid in tissues of flower and midribs of
young leaves.
•Nymph - N.P. – 8 to 13 days
•Life cycle completed 12-29 days.

5. Mango hopper

6. Mango hopper

7. Nature of damage
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the young
leaves tender shoot and flower
•Withering of flower buds and die off.
•Shedding of flower buds and flowers
•Presence of honey dew secretion on lower leaves
and development of sooty mould.
•Affect the fruit setting.

8. Sooty Mould

9. Management
•Avoid close planting, as the incidence very severe in
overcrowded orchards.
•Orchards must be kept clean by ploughing and removal of
weeds.
•Removal of weeds and alternate host plants like Hibiscus,
Custard Apple, Guava Etc.
•Avoid excess use of nitrogenous fertilizers.
•Smoking of orchards by burning of crop residues/cow dung
cake during evening hours.

10. •Biological Control :
•Application of bio-agents, Metarhizium
anisopliae @ 1x 108 cfu/ml (cfu – Colony
forming unit)
•Beauveria bassiana @ 108 cfu /ml on tree trunk
once during off season and twice at 7 days
interval during flowering season.

11. Chemical control
•1st spray - first spray in fortnight of October on entire tree with
0.0075% cypermethrin 10EC OR fenvalerate 20 EC
•2nd spray - after bud burst stage – 0.1% carbaryl 50WP.
•3rd spray- 15 days after 2nd spray at flowering 0.005%
imidacloprid 17.8%
•4th spray- 15 days after 3rd spray 0.03% methydemeton 50EC.
•5th spray- 15 days after 4th spray 0.05% quinalphos 25 EC.
•6th spray- 15 days after 5th spray 0.04% monocrotophos 36WSC.

12. 2.Mango stem borer
•S.N. - Batocera rufomaculata
Batocera rubus.
•Family - Cerambycidae
•Order - Coleoptera

13. Mark of Identification
•Grub
Linear, fleshy, apodous
•Adult
Grayish beetle with two pink dots and
lateral spine

14. Mango stem borer

15. •Host plant
Mango , Fig, Rubber, Mulberry
•Life history
Eggs - laid in under loose bark
Larva - grub period about 6 month.
Pupa - inside the stem.
•No. of generation – 1 / year.

16. Nature Of Damage
•Grub bore and tunnels into stem
•Branches dries up.
•Feeding the vascular tissues
•Drying of terminal shoot in early stage
•Tree may be die in case of severe
infestation.

17. Control Measures
•Remove and destroy dead and severely
affected branches of the tree
•Remove alternate host cotton .
•Grow tolerant Mango varieties viz., Neelam,
Humayudin.
•Make a wire hook insert in hole and remove
the grub and kill it.

18. •Insert petrol soaked cotton plug into borer
holes and plaster the hole with mud.
•If infestations are severe then apply the copper
oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.
•One Celphos tablet (3 gm. Aluminum
phosphide) per hole
•Apply Carbofuran 3G -5 gm per hole and plug
with mud.

19. 3.Mango fruit fly
•S.N. - Bactrocera dorsalis
•Family - Trypetidae
•Order - Diptera

20. Mark of identification
•Larva
Yellowish apodous maggots.
•Adult
Light brown with transparent wing

21. •Host plant
Mango , Banana , Citrus , Mulberry
•Life history
Eggs - laid in under the rind of fruit
Larva - 1-4 weeks
Pupa -in soil.

22. Mango fruit fly

23. Nature Of Damage
•Maggot bore into the fruit and feed on
pulp .
•Infested fruit start rotting and drop down.
•Oozing of fluid
•Brownish rotten patches on fruits.

24. Mango fruit fly damage
Rotting of fruits.

25. Control measure
•Collect fallen infested fruits and dispose them by dumping in a
pit
•Provide summer ploughing to expose the pupa
•Monitor the activity of flies with methyl eugenol sex lure traps.
•Bait spray - combing any one of the insecticides and molasses
or jaggery 10 g/l,
1.Malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, 2. Dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l,
•Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and
Spalangia philippines

26. 4.Mango stone weevil
•S.N. - Sternochetus mangiferae
•Family - Curculionidae
•Order - Coleoptera

27. •Host plant
Mango only.
•Life history
Eggs - in the skin of ripening fruit.
Pupa - inside the stone.
•No of generation -1/year

29. Nature Of Damage
•Grubs bore through the pulp ,enter into the stone feed
on inner content of the stone and pass entire life inside
the stone.
•Adult feeds on pulp and find its way out of ripe fruit as
result discoloration of pulp adjacent to the stone.
•Larval excreta is seen when the infested mangoes are
cut.
•There is no external sign of infestation on fruit.

30. Control Measures
•Collect and destroy the fallen fruits.
•Spray Deltamethrin 1.5 -2ml / 1 lit .
•Spraying Dimethoate (0.1%)twice at 15 days interval
when fruits are of marble size.
•Spraying the trunks with kerosene oil emulsion after
harvest to kill the adult.

31. 5.Mango mealy bug
•S.N. - Drosicha mangiferae
•Family - Pseudococcidae
•Order - Hemiptera

32. Mango Mealy Bug

33. Nature Of Damage .
•Nymphs and adults suck the sap from the young
leaves tender shoot and flower
•Withering of flower buds and die off.
•Shedding of flower buds and flowers
•Affect the fruit setting.

34. Control measure
•Soil application of 2% methyl parathion
•Use of sticky bands to prevent the climbing on
trees
•Apply methyl parathion 1ml/lit, chlopyriphos
20EC 2.5 ml/l
•Release of Australian ladybird beetle,
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree

35. 6.Bark Eating Caterpillar.
• S.N. - Indarbela tetraonis
Indarbela quadrinotata
• Family - Metarbelidae
• Order - Lepidoptera

36. Mark of identification
•Larva
Stout and dirty brown in color
•Adult
Stout yellowish ,
Males are smaller than the females.

37. •Host plant
Mango, Citrus ,Ber ,Guava Pomegranate
•Life history
Eggs - on bark.
Pupa - inside the larval tunnel.
•No of generation -1/year

38. Bark Eating Caterpillar.

39. Nature of damage .
•Larva bore into wood making short tunnel at
joint of branches in which they hide during day
and come out at night and feed on bark.
•They form ribbon like webbing of wood ,frass
and silken thread over the bark surface.
•As result sap conducting tissues are damaged.
which is interrupt in translocation of cell sap.

40. Control Measures.
• Keep orchard clean and avoid
overcrowding of tress.
• Use of iron hook in the active holes and
plugging with mud to kill the larva.
• Plugging with cotton swabs soaked in 10
ml of dichlorvos or petrol .