Prezentarea notiunilor de baza din seismologie realizata de Prof. Marijan - Herak Department al Facultatii de Geofizica din cadrul Universitatii de Stiinte din Zagreb, Croatia.
Burns Watershed Planning And RegulationWellsReserve
The Practice and Potential of Ecosystem-Based Management
Applying lessons from land use and coastal management in Maine hosted byWells National Estuarine Research Reserve,
Maine Coastal Program, Maine Sea Grant,the University of New England, and the Ecosystem-based Management Tools Network
Prezentarea notiunilor de baza din seismologie realizata de Prof. Marijan - Herak Department al Facultatii de Geofizica din cadrul Universitatii de Stiinte din Zagreb, Croatia.
Burns Watershed Planning And RegulationWellsReserve
The Practice and Potential of Ecosystem-Based Management
Applying lessons from land use and coastal management in Maine hosted byWells National Estuarine Research Reserve,
Maine Coastal Program, Maine Sea Grant,the University of New England, and the Ecosystem-based Management Tools Network
CLR hosted a Friday Forum webinar on February 22 titled 'Robust impact patterns: an approach to account for uncertainties in local sea-level rise vulnerability assessments', led by Jackie Yip of University of British Columbia.
While sea-level rise (SLR) is an inevitable effect of climate change, there are deep uncertainties regarding when and how SLR can impact society, which act as a significant barrier to adaptation. Recent literature calls for a shift from seeking optimal adaptation options to robust options that can perform reasonably under a range of possible futures, embracing uncertainties rather than eliminating them.
In response, this study develops a new approach, the Robust Impact Patterns (RIPs) method, to help decision-makers account for SLR impact uncertainties in adaptation planning. The method utilizes the pattern recognition capability of machine learning to transform thousands of local SLR impact maps into a small number of impact patterns that are robust across multiple futures, thereby processing an otherwise vast and overwhelming volume of impact information.
Jackie Yip is a Consequence Analyst at Kerr Wood Leidal, with experience in a range of climate vulnerability and resilience projects. Before joining KWL, she completed her Ph.D. at the Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability of UBC, where she conducted this presentation’s research in partnership with the City of Vancouver. At the organizational level, Jackie was also a technical lead at Fraser Health, where her work focused on improving the resilience of healthcare facilities in the Lower Mainland to extreme events, including flooding and extreme heat. More broadly, she has led the design of Resilient-C, an online platform connecting Canadian coastal municipalities to share knowledge and collaborate on reducing risks to coastal hazards.
Dr. Cynthia Rosenzweig, Senior Research Scientist, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Senior Research Scientist, Earth Institute at Columbia University Co-Chair Mayor Bloomberg’s Climate Change Commission Co-Director Urban Climate Change Research Network (UCCRN); National Institute for Coastal & Harbor Infrastructure, John F. Kennedy Center, Boston, Nov. 12, 2013: "The Triple Threat of Rising Sea Levels, Extreme Storms and Aging Infrastructure: Coastal Community Responses and The Federal Role" See http://www.nichiusa.org or http://www.nichi.us
This 45-minute presentation focuses on two natural disaster events that occurred in the 1960s that changed how we approach responding to disastrous incidents in the United States: The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 & Hurricane Betsy in 1965.
Presented by Jim Breaux
This session highlights the best student products from the award-winning graduate program in Foresight at the University of Houston. The session will include the best essays, forecasts, scenarios, and plans from the next generation of professional futurists.
Using the Futures wheels for Emergency PreparednessJames Breaux
These are the slides from my recent co-presentation at the WFS2014 Conference. I'm posting a YouTube of the talk that goes along with the slides http://youtu.be/g-3u0BMAYmI The idea here is to use a futures wheel similar to Jerome Glen's to generate novel alternative possibilities derivative from the initial trend [revealed from scanning the Litany and deeper layers {CLA reference}]. These posibilities and ideas can then be woven into scenarios, or discarded as brainstorming fancies.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. REDUCING NATURAL HAZARD RISK
AND INCREASING RESLIENCE
Mary Lou Zoback
Consulting Prof., Geophysics
1
SEISMIC HAZARDS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT-Cascadia Hazards Institute, Central WA Univ., April 4, 2014
2. Natural Hazard Assessment
1. Size, location, and
likelihood of future events
Bay Area Earthquake Likelihood
Forecast:
Working Group on California
Earthquake Probabilities
4. Natural Hazard Assessment
1. Size, location, and
likelihood of future events
2. Quantification of their
impacts/secondary hazards
Bay Area Earthquake Forecast;
Working Group on Earthquake
Probabilities
5. Probabilistic hazard assessments
National Seismic Hazard Map
2% chance of exceedance in 50 years
(2475 yr return period)
30 yr probability of tsunami
runup exceeding 0.5 m
Parsons and Geist (2009)
6. What politicians are interested in
A couple of decades ago, a California
congressman asked a seismologist
three simple questions:
What is the scope of the earthquake
problem in California?
What can we do about it?
How much will it cost?
7. Hazard Exposure
Risk
$ losses
# fatalities
# displaced
Social and
economic
disruption
Vulnerability
Physical event,
its impacts,
and collateral
(secondary)
hazards
Assets at Risk-
population,
buildings,
infrastructure,
ecosystems
Susceptibility to
damage,
disruption and
other adverse
consequences
due to physical
impacts
8. “The ability to prepare and
plan for, absorb, recover
from, or more successfully
adapt to actual or potential
adverse events”
Photo: Cedar Rapids, Iowa during the 2008 flooding
Source: AP photo/Jeff Robertson
2012, Free PDF available at
National Academies Press,
www.nap.edu 8
9. Physical resilience-
The foundation:
Zoning/bldg. codes
Retrofits
Levees
Social resilience
- The engine:
Personal
responsibility
Community
engagement
Strong social
networks
Strong & diverse
economy
Good governance
and political will
Resilience
9
10. 10
A TALE OF RESILIENCE …
Heroes
and a
Villain
Community
Activism
11. CAPSS = Community Action
Plan for Seismic Safety for
San Francisco
Brainchild of Laurence
Kornfield, Chief Building
Inspector
Saw 1995 Kobe, Japan EQ
first-hand and recognized it as
his worst nightmare
Purpose: To help San
Franciscans make good
decisions to reduce the City’s
earthquake risk
12. CAPSS - a project of the San Francisco Dept. of
Building Inspection, overseen by Building Inspection
Commission
Included a Citizen’s Advisory Committee
Started 2001 to 2003 – CANCELLED!
Resumed 2008 to 2010
“There will be
no earthquakes
while I am
Mayor of SF”
Mayor Willie
Brown
Mayors Newsome and Ed Lee
Jason Elliott
13.
14. Used HAZUS software on neighborhood scale inventory with
specific vulnerability functions for SF buildings
Examined 4 earthquake scenarios
San Andreas M6.5
San Andreas M7.2
San Andreas M7.9
Hayward M6.9
14
15. Maps of shaking
intensity for the 4
CAPSS scenarios
All produce shaking
throughout SF 2-4
times stronger than
shaking in Marina
during 1989 Loma
Prieta quake
16. Building Use
Single-
family
69%
2 unit
res.
12%
3+ unit
res.
14%
Other
res.
1%
Comm.
3% Indust.
1%
Structural type
WF SS
res
53%
Conc.
<1980
2%
WF
nonSS
res
43%
Mod.
Conc.
0%
Steel
Mom.
1%
Unref.
Mason.
1%
WF = Wood Frame
SS = Soft Story
Res = Residential
Comm = Commercial
Ind = Industrial
96% Residential 55% of Concern
17. SF second only to
NYC in % of
households that rent,
~66%
~70% subject to rent
control
50% residential
structures built prior to
1930
84% residential
structures built prior to
1970
Extensive soft-story
construction
19. San Francisco Planning and Urban Research
19
THE RESILIENT CITY:
DEFINING W HAT SAN FRANCISCO
NEEDS FROM ITS SEISMIC
MITIGATION POLICIES
SPUR REPORT
Adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors
January 16, 2008
Released February, 2009
The primary author of this report was Chris Poland
www.spur.org
1906 Centennial commemorationKatrina shelters
20. Goals :
establish performance goals for the "expected" earthquake
that support resilience
define transparent performance measures to reach
performance goals
suggest next steps for San Francisco's new buildings,
existing buildings and lifelines.
San Francisco Planning and Urban Research
20
THE RESILIENT CITY:
DEFINING W HAT SAN FRANCISCO
NEEDS FROM ITS SEISMIC
MITIGATION POLICIES
SPUR REPORT
Adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors
January 16, 2008
Released February, 2009
The primary author of this report was Chris Poland
www.spur.org
Generously underwritten by Degenkolb Engineers
1906 Centennial commemoration
Katrina shelters
21. 21
SPUR REPORT
Adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors
January 16, 2008
Released February, 2009
The primary author of this report was Chris Poland
www.spur.org
Generously underwritten by Degenkolb Engineers
THE RESILIENT CITY:
DEFINING W HAT SAN FRANCISCO
NEEDS FROM ITS SEISMIC
MITIGATION POLICIES
SPUR REPORT
Adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors
January 16, 2008
Released February, 2009
The primary author of this report was Chris Poland
www.spur.org
Generously underwritten by Degenkolb Engineers
THE RESILIENT CITY:
DEFINING W HAT SAN FRANCISCO
NEEDS FROM ITS SEISMIC
MITIGATION POLICIES
SPUR REPORT
Adopted by the SPUR Board of Directors
January 16, 2008
Released February, 2009
The primary author of this report was Chris Poland
www.spur.org
Generously underwritten by Degenkolb Engineers
23. 23
GOALS
1. Residents will be able to stay in
their homes
1. Residents quickly have access
to privately-run community
services
1. No building will collapse
catastrophically
1. Businesses and the economy
will quickly return to functionality
1. City’s sense of place preserved
24.
25. 1 & 2 unit
wood frame
soft-story
residences,
22%
3 & 4 unit
wood frame
soft-story
residences,
34%
5 & more unit
wood frame
residences
with 3 or more
stories, 33%
Concrete
buildings built
before 1980,
6%
All other types
of buildings,
5%
25
27. Building Categories 2010-
2015
2015-
2020
2020-
2025
2025-
2030
2030-
2035
2035-
2040
Wood frame residential buildings with three or more stories and five or more units**
Concrete tilt-up buildings
Residential buildings with three and four units
Private K-12 schools and private universities
Assisted living facilities
Concrete residential buildings built before 1980
Other types of residential buildings with more than five units
Hotels and motels serving tourists
Critical retail stores and suppliers
Single family homes and two unit residences
Concrete non-residential buildings built before 1980
Houses of worship
Preschools and daycare centers
Buildings used by large audiences
Historic buildings
Large buildings with welded steel moment frames built before 1994
Early retrofitted buildings
All other building types
Color key
Step 1: Facilitate a market in which earthquake performance is valued
Step 2a: Nudge market by requiring evaluation upon sale
Step 2b: Nudge market by requiring evaluation by a deadline
Step 3: Implementation period to require retrofit by a deadline
28. April 18, 2013 Mayor Lee signs into law, new ordinance for
mandatory inspection and retrofit for 5+ units, 3+ story soft-
story buildings permitted for construction prior to Jan. 1,
1978
28
Patrick Otellini –
Earthquake Safety Implementation
Program, SF’s Chief Resilience
Officer
29. “Earthquake Warning
This building is in violation of
the requirements of the San
Francisco Building Code
regarding earthquake
safety."
Posted on the building, can
not be removed until building
is in compliance
Recorded with the title of the
building
Disappointment: Annual
tenant notification not required
Approach – “My grandmother
lives in the building and my
uncle owns it.”
Simple template inspection to
determine soft-story condition,
~$500
Strengthening on ground floor
only
31. Infrastructure
provider
Number clients
served
Scope of upgrades Total cost/
source of funding
Pacific Gas and
Electric (PG&E)
15M throughout
N CA
System upgrade of underground
gas, electrical components,
substations, and admin building.
$2.5B
rate payers
Bay Area Rapid
Transit (BART)
400,000 daily
ridership
Retrofit core system-aerial
structures, stations, transbay tube
(completion system 2018, tube
2023)
$1.3B
bonds & taxpayers/
$3M from FEMA
East Bay Municipal
Utilities District
(EBMUDD)
1.3M in East
Bay
Entire system upgrade: pipelines,
fault crossings, dams, admin
building, pumping and treatment
plants (completed 1999?)
$0.19B
rate payers
California
Department of
Transportation
(CALTRANS)
38.3M state-
wide
Structurally upgraded and
seismically retrofit over 2000
bridges and overpasses, new E
span Bay Bridge
$13.08B
CA taxpayers
San Francisco
Public Utilities
Commission
(SFPUC)
2.6 M
residential,
commercial,
and industrial
Upgrade of 100+ yr old Hetch
Hetchy water system-pipelines, fault
crossings treatment facilities, and
reservoirs (2016 completion)
$4.6B
bond measure
Total Investment $21.6B
31
32. 32
Assess vulnerabilities to expected
earthquakes
Set performance goals for the
systems after the earthquake
Communicate risks/benefits and
secure funding
Develop creative and innovative
solutions for these complex problems.
– Include redundancy into the system
Continue to reassess system
performance as upgrades proceed.
– Develop real-time damage assessment
capability using USGS ShakeMaps
overlain by system fragility functions.
b 8+00
b 9+00
VAULT
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VAULT
TRANSITION
VAULT
TRANSITION
b 8+00
b 9+00
VAULT
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VAULT
TRANSITION
VAULT
TRANSITION
carrier pipe
33. 33
Widespread risk awareness
– USGS forecast
– Loma Prieta, Kobe, Katrina
Champions!
Detailed vulnerability assessment
Engagement of stakeholders
– CAPSS Citizen Adv. Comm.
– SPUR policy think tank
Plain English resilience performance
objectives
Creative solutions and equity – a plan
all vulnerable buildings in city
“Chance favors the prepared mind”
Bold leadership, citzenry willing to tax
themselves for public good
Step 1: Encourage retrofits
Step 2: Require evaluations & notification
Step 3: Require retrofits
34. 34
Earth Scientists are convinced if they just explain the
hazards to public, then they will take responsible action
At best, we assume if they can demonstrate cost-
effectiveness, then policy makers will act
…
Risk reduction and resilience requires a truly
interdisciplinary approach
Resilience is community-based and involves a number of
critical elements
35. Typically, homeowner or
business pays a premium
annually for coverage for loss
For floods, fires have thousands
of claims annually, easy to
determine premium
For rare natural hazards, rely on
“catastrophe models” of risk and
loss
Payout for claim is always less a
“deductible”, typically 15% for
natural hazards, policy may
cover temporary living expenses
Even if home unlivable, owner
still responsible for mortgage
35
36. 2500 square foot home
Construction price in Bay Area
$400/square foot
Home value = $1 million
CA EQ Authority premium in
94305 = $4000K/yr
Earthquake after 10 years:
– $40K in premium
– 15% deductible = $150K
Home must sustain $190K in
damage before you get
anything back from insurance!
36
