Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) is a dental cement that has been used for over 150 years. It is used for multiple applications including impressions, temporary fillings, root canal fillings, cementing, and surgical dressings. ZOE cement sets via a chemical reaction between zinc oxide and eugenol. It has low strength but is biocompatible. Modified versions with additions like EBA or polymers have improved properties but ZOE remains useful due to its favorable pulpal response and low cost.

1. - PRESENTED BY
ROSHNI MAURYA

2. Zinc Oxide – Eugenol (ZOE) Impression Paste
Zinc Oxide –Eugenol (ZOE) Cement
Zinc Oxide – Eugenol (ZOE) Filling material
Periodontal Pack

3.  For full arch edentulous impression
without or minor undercut.
wash impression
surgical paste
 Bite registration paste

5.  TUBE I
 Zinc oxide (ZnO) 87%
 Oil( FIXED VEGETABLE/MINERAL) 13%

6.  Eugenol 12~15%
 Oil
 Rosin 50%
 Filler (kaolin) 20%
 Resinous balsam 10%
 Acc. Soln(Cacl2), color 5%
Non eugenol paste Carboxylic acids

7. Zinc oxide-eugenol
Impression paste

8. ZnO + eugenol Zn eugenolate + ZnO(unreacted)
(powder) (liquid)
(Solid)

9. @ Very low viscosity
@ Low dimensional change 0.1%
@ Irreversible chemical change
Disinfection : 2% alkaline
glutarldehyde solution

10.  Equal length of the two paste is extruded
shorten by increase
Temperature&Humidity
 Working time 3-5 min
 Mixing time 45-60 s
 Mixed with stainless steel spatula in paper
pad or glass slab

11.  Materials are classified as:
 HARD PASTE(TYPE 1)
 SOFT PASTE(TYPE 2)
 FINAL SETTING :
 Type 1: within 10 mins
 Type 2 : 15 mins

12. Manipulation

13.  Accuracy of soft tissue impression (mucostatic)
 Inexpensive
 Adhere well to dental compound
 Good surface detail reproduction
 Good dimensional stability

14. May irritating to soft tissue
Inadequate working or setting time
-excessive humidity and/or temperature
Distortion-unstable tray

15.  ZOE cement introduced in 1858, is used as a
 Protective , sedative lining in deep carious cavities,
 For temporary filling
 Temporary cementing
 Pulp capping
 Root canal filling
 Periodontal / surgical packing
 Depending on their use they vary widely in their
properties. In general, they are cements of low
strength, are least irritating of all dental cements, are
known to have an obtundant effect on exposed dentin.

16.  CLASSIFICATION: (ADA SP. NO. 30) 4 TYPES
 TYPE 1 ZOE- for temporary cementation
 TYPE II ZOE – permanent cementation
 TYPE III ZOE – temporary filling, thermal
insulation
 TYPE IV ZOE – cavity liners
 AVAILABLE AS :
 Powder, liquid
 Two paste system

17.  Unmodified
 Tempac - type III
 Cavitic - type IV
 Tempbond - type I
 EBA alumina modified
 Opotow
 Alumina EBA - type II
 Polymer modifies
 Fynal - type II
 IRM - type III
 Non- eugenol
 Nogenol - type I
 Freegenol - type I

18.  POWDER
 Zinc oxide – 69.0% - principal ingredient
 White rosin - 29.3% - To reduce brittleness of set cement
 Zinc stearate -1.0% - Accelerator , plasticizer
 Zinc acetate – 0.7% - Is added in some powders, acts with eugenol in a
similar manner as zinc oxide
LIQUID
 Eugenol – 85.0 - Reacts with zinc oxide
 Olive oil - 15.0 - Plasticizer
 Zinc oxide is also main constituent of gutta-percha points mainly used in
endodontic root canal filling, commonly known as GP Points.

19.  First
ZnO + water  Zn(OH)2
 Second
Zn(OH)2+2HE  ZnE2 + H2O
SETTING TIME : 4 - 10 mins
Water accelerates the reaction
Zinc eugenolate is easily hydrolyzed by moistures

20.  Complete reaction between zinc oxide and
eugenol takes about 12 hrs. this is too slow for
clinical convenience.
 Manufacture: most active ZnO powders are
those formed from zinc salts like zinc
hydroxide, zinc carbonate by heating at 3000
degree Celsius.
 Particle size : smaller particles sets faster.
 Accelerators : Alcohol, glacial acetic acid, water
 Heat : cooling glass slab, slows reaction
 Retarders : the set can be treated with glycol ,
glycerin
 p/l ratio : higher the ratio, faster the set.

21.  MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:
 Compressive strength : are relatively weak cements.
Ranges from a low of 3 -4 Mpa upto 50-55 MPa.
 Tensile strength : 0.32- 5.3 MPa
 Modulus of elasticity : 0.22 – 5.3 GPa
 THERMAL PROPERTIES:
 Thermal conductivity : 3.98[Cal. Sec-1 cm-2]x
10-4
 Co-efficient of thermal expansion : 35x10-
6/celsius

22.  Solubility and Disintegration : solubility is highest
among cements (0.4 wt %) . Disintegrate in oral fluids.
Solubility is reduced by increasing p/l ratio.
 Film thickness :is 25 um, is higher than other
cements.
 Adhesion : do not adhere well to enamel or dentin
 Biological properties :
 PH and effect on pulp: PH is 7 -8 ; pulpal response
classified as mild
 Bacteriostatic and obtundant properties
 Optical properties : set cement is opaque

23. Type Setting
time
[min]
Compressive
strength
[MPa]
Solubility
[%]
Film
thickness
[µm]
Type I 4-10 35 maximum 2.5 25
Type II 4-10 35 maximum 1.5 25
Type III 4-10 35 maximum 1.5 -

24.  P/L SYSTEM: p/l ratio : 4:1- 6:1 by wt
 Oil of orange is used to clean eugenol cement
from instruments.
 TWO PASTE SYSTEM: equal lts. Of each paste
are dispersed and mixed until a uniform color
is observed.
 SETTING TIME :4-10 MINS
 ZOE cements set quickly in mouth due to
moisture and heat.

25. 25

26. 26

27.  Introduced to improve mechanical properties of Zoë cement.
Modified ZOE cements are:
 EBA-Alumina modified cements
 Polymer reinforced
 EBA- ALUMINA MODIFIED CEMENTS:
 COMPOSITION
 POWDER : Zinc oxide- 70 %
 Alumina- 30 %
 LIQUID : EBA- 62.5 %
 Eugenol- 37.5 %
 PROPERTIES : Better than unmodified ZOE
 Com. St.- higher 55 Mpa
 Tensile St.- 4.1 Mpa
 Modulus of elasticity – 2.5 GPa
 Film thickness - 25um
 Solubility, disintegration in water -0.05 %wt

28. Glass slab are recommended for EBA- alumina
modified cements. after dispensing , powder is inco.
Into liquid in bulk, kneaded for 30 secs, and then
stropped for an additional 60 secs with broad strokes
of spatula to obtain a creamy consistency. They have
long working times.
SETTING TIME:
9.5 MINS

29.  Composition:
 POWDER : Zinc oxide- 70 %
 finely divided natural or synthetic resins
 LIQUID : Eugenol
 acetic acid – accelerator
 Thymol - antimicrobial
 zinc oxide is surface treated
 SETTING REACTION: Similar to zoe cements. acidic
resins, if present, may react with zinc oxide,
strengthening the matrix.
 SETTING TIME : 6-10 MINS
 FACTORS AFFECTING SETTING TIME:
 Low p/l ratio inc. setting time
 Moisture: accelerates setting time.

30.  Cements have improved mechanical properties.
 Compressive st :48 MPa
 Tensile st : 4.1 Mpa
 Modulus of elasticity : 2.5 GPa
 Film thickness : 32 um
 solubility ,disintegration : 0.03 % wt
 pulp response : similar to unmodified zoe -
moderate
 improved abrasion resistance and toughness.
 MANIPULATION :
 PROPER P/L is dispensed on a dry glass slab. Powder
is mixed into liquid in small portions with vigorous
spatulation.
 WORKING TIME : Long working time.

31.  Luting agent
 As base
 As temporary filling material,
 As cavity liner

32.  Some zoe materials contain antibiotics such as tetracycline,
steroids as anti- inflammatory agents. Their principal use is in
pulp capping and RCT. One product also contains barium
sulphate, which is radiopaque.
 ZINC OXIDE/ ZINC SULPHATE TEMPORARY
RESTORATIONS:
 These are single component temporary filling materials.
 Supplied as a single component putty like paste in small tubes,
syringes or plastic containers.
 Commercial Names : Cavit (ESPE) , Caviton (GC) , Coltosol
(Coltene)
 Use in short term temporary restorations after caries excavation,
RCT etc.


33.  COMPOSITION: zinc oxide; zinc sulphate -1- hydrate ; calcium
sulphate – hemihydrates ; dibutyl phthalate (plasticizer) ;
diatomaceous earth.
 SETTING REACTION: sets by chemical reaction, it sets by
reacting with water which it absorbs from the mouth or from the
cavity. Setting occurs slowly, expands on setting.
 SETTING TIME : Surface hardens in about 20 to 30 mins.
Complete hardening takes place in 2-3 hrs.
 PROPERTIES : May be white /pink colored. Has good initial
sealing. as expands on setting, marginal seal is further improved.
Seal gradually dec. with time. strenght is low, its life is short,so
material must be used for not more than 1-2 wks.
 MANIPULATION : material is dispensed, inserted into cavity
using a cement carrier . container should be closed immediately,
material is condensed into cavity using a plastic filling instrument
; as sets by hydration , cavity should not be fully dried before
placing the material.

34.  It is probably the most commonly used root canal
filling material for primary teeth.
 Camp in 1984 introduced endodontic pressure syringe
to over come the problem of underfilling .
 Underfilling is frequently clinically acceptable.
 Overfilling may cause a mild foreign body reaction.
 Another disadvantage of ZOE paste is difference
between its rate of resorption and that of the root tooth.

35. Walkholf
paste
KRI
paste
Maisto
paste
Vitapex Endoflas Colla
cote
Guedes
– Pinto
paste
Parachlor
o-phenol
Camphor
Menthol
Iodoform
80.8%
Camphor
4.86%
Parachlor
ophenol
2.025%
Menthol
1.215%
Zinc
oxide 14g
Iodoform
42g
Thymol
2g
Chlorphe
nol
Camphor
3cc
Lanolin
0.5g
Calcium
hydroxid
e
Iodoform
Oily
additives
Zinc
oxide
56.5%
Barium
sulfate
1.63%
Iodoform
40.6%
Calcium
hydroxid
e 1.07%
Eugenol
pantachlo
rophenol
Synthetic
collagen
0.30g
iodoform
0.25g
calcium
hydroxid
e 0.1ml
Camphor
ated
paramon
ocloroph
enol
Composition of commonly used root canal materials
for primary teeth

36. Properties ZOE Ca(OH)2 with
Iodoform
(VITAPEX)
KRI Paste
1. Restore at the same rate
as the tooth
2. Harmless
3. Overfill resorbs
4. Antiseptic
5. Easily applied
6. Adheres to the wall
7. Easily removed
8. Radiopaque
9. No discoloration
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Comparison of materials used for
pulpectomy in primary teeth

37.  The material has been involved in a wide range
of applications in dentistry, including use as an
impression material for edentulous mouths, a
surgical dressing, bite registration paste,
temporary filling material, root canal filling
material, cementing medium, temporary
relining material for dentures . The physical
and mechanical properties and handling
characteristics generally are inferior to those of
other long –term luting cements. Main
advantage of improved ZOE cements is their
biocompatibility.

38. cement
type
setting
time
(min)
film
thickness
(um)
24-hr
compress
ive
strength
(MPa)
24-hr
Diametr
al tensile
strength
(MPa)
elastic
modulus
(GPa)
solublity
in water
pulp
respon
se
Zinc
phosphate 5.5 20 104 5.5 13.5 0.06 Moder
ate
ZOE (type
I)
4.0-10 25 6-28 - - 0.04 Mild
ZOE-
EBA(type
II)
9.5 25 55
4.1 5.0 0.08 Mild
ZOE plus
polymer
(type III)
6.0-10 32 48
4.1 2.5 0.04 Mild
GIC 7.0 24 86 6.2 7.3 1.25 Mild
to
moder
ate

39. THANK YOU