Zika virus by Owen
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The Zika virus is transmitted through mosquito bites and can be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy, potentially causing microcephaly in infants. Microcephaly results in an abnormally small head size and can lead to seizures, developmental delays, intellectual disability, and problems with movement and balance. While most infected individuals have no symptoms or only mild symptoms, the virus poses serious risks during pregnancy due to its ability to cross the placenta and impact fetal brain development.
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The Zika virus was discovered in Africa in 1947 and can cause mild illness, but its emergence in the Americas has coincided with a marked increase in microcephaly. Microcephaly is a birth defect where the baby's head is much smaller than expected and is associated with problems in brain development. Studies of the Zika outbreak in French Polynesia from 2013-2014 found that the risk of microcephaly was about 1% for mothers infected during the first trimester of pregnancy. While this risk appears low, a very high percentage of people were infected during Zika outbreaks, so it remains an important public health issue despite the relatively low risk for any individual fetus.
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The Zika virus was discovered in Africa in 1947 and can cause mild illness, but its emergence in the Americas has coincided with a marked increase in microcephaly. Microcephaly is a birth defect where the baby's head is much smaller than expected and is associated with problems in brain development. Studies of the Zika outbreak in French Polynesia from 2013-2014 found that the risk of microcephaly was about 1% for mothers infected during the first trimester of pregnancy. While this risk appears low, a very high percentage of people were infected during Zika outbreaks, so it remains an important public health issue despite the relatively low risk for any individual fetus.
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1) Glyphosate may insert itself into proteins instead of glycine during protein synthesis, disrupting protein folding and function. This could explain correlations between glyphosate use and diseases.
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3) Genetically modified mosquitoes used in experiments may incorporate more glyphosate into the Zika virus due to their diet, contributing to disease.
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This document summarizes the current epidemiology of the Zika virus. It describes how the virus originated in Africa and has since spread to Asia and the Americas. The virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. While most infections are asymptomatic, it can cause mild flu-like symptoms. Complications include microcephaly in fetuses of infected mothers and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Public health efforts focus on mosquito control and prevention through avoiding bites and pregnancy in infected areas. Vaccine research is ongoing but no vaccine currently exists.
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This document summarizes information about Zika virus infection in pregnancy from several sources:
- Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and was first isolated in Uganda in 1947. Recent outbreaks have occurred in French Polynesia, Brazil and other parts of the Americas.
- Brazil reported an increase in infants born with microcephaly in 2015 which was linked to Zika virus infection during pregnancy after the virus was detected in amniotic fluid and brain tissue of affected fetuses and infants.
- The CDC provides testing and screening guidelines for pregnant women with travel history or residence in areas with Zika virus transmission to monitor infections and potential fetal impact.
Zika Virus infection ( disease )
Zika virus disease is a mosquito-borne viral infection that primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
It is related to other pathogenic vector borne flaviviruses including dengue, West-Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans
Genre: Flavivirus
Vector: Aedes mosquitoes (which usually bite during the morning and late afternoon/evening hours)
Reservoir: mosquitoes (gut, blood, saliva )
human ( blood, prostate, semen and testes )
Zika virus
- Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus first identified in 1947 in Uganda. It spread widely in 2015-2016 throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean.
- It is transmitted primarily via the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. While most cases are asymptomatic, it can cause mild fever and rash. A major concern is its link to microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers.
- There is no vaccine or treatment. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites through protective clothing and repellents, especially for pregnant women considering travel to outbreak areas.
Zika virus: New public health threat
Three years ago, the Zika virus was nowhere to be found in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika outbreak — with more than a million people infected by the mosquito-transmitted disease
Zika virus
The document summarizes information about the Zika virus. It discusses how the World Health Organization declared Zika a public health emergency due to its suspected link to microcephaly. It then provides details about the symptoms of Zika virus, how it is transmitted, diagnosed, prevented, and treated. The document also discusses the WHO and CDC responses to Zika and efforts to develop a vaccine.
Zika virus
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus that causes mild fever and rash. It was first discovered in Uganda in 1947 and recent outbreaks have occurred in the Americas. The virus is transmitted primarily through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. While most infections cause mild symptoms, infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. There is no vaccine or treatment currently available, so prevention focuses on reducing mosquito habitat and exposure through clothing and repellents.
Zika
El virus zika es causado por la picadura de un mosquito, Aedes aegypti, y se cataloga como un arbovirus perteneciente al género flavivirus.
NOZika Presentation_English rev 0117
The document summarizes information about the Zika virus, including that it is mosquito-borne and can also be sexually transmitted. It notes that while most adult cases are mild, Zika infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects in babies. The document provides details on symptoms, transmission routes, areas affected, current case numbers in New Jersey, recommendations for pregnant women, and steps individuals can take to prevent Zika infection through mosquito bites and safe sex.
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Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitos and can cause birth defects. It was first identified in 1947 in Uganda. Symptoms include rash, fever, joint pain, and red eyes. While there is no vaccine or treatment, physicians recommend rest, fluids, and acetaminophen to help the body fight infection. The most effective prevention is to avoid mosquito bites by using repellent, wearing protective clothing, and staying indoors. Pregnant women are advised to postpone travel to affected areas or strictly avoid mosquito bites if travel is necessary.
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zikavirus in detailed -160207110239.pptx
This document provides an overview of Zika virus. It discusses the virus's origin and identification in Uganda in 1947, its isolation from humans in Nigeria in 1954, and outbreaks in Brazil starting in 2015. Symptoms of Zika virus disease are usually mild, but it has been linked to microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The virus is transmitted primarily via Aedes mosquito bites. While no vaccine exists, prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellent and protective clothing.
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- Vitamin A deficiency is a major health problem in developing countries. Emerging research shows Vitamin A may help reduce infectious disease incidence. It also acts as a natural antioxidant protecting cell lipids from free radical damage.
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1) Glyphosate may insert itself into proteins instead of glycine during protein synthesis, disrupting protein folding and function. This could explain correlations between glyphosate use and diseases.
2) Glyphosate insertion into the Zika virus and human proteins could cause molecular mimicry and an autoimmune response, potentially explaining microcephaly.
3) Genetically modified mosquitoes used in experiments may incorporate more glyphosate into the Zika virus due to their diet, contributing to disease.
The current epidemiology of Zika virus
This document summarizes the current epidemiology of the Zika virus. It describes how the virus originated in Africa and has since spread to Asia and the Americas. The virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. While most infections are asymptomatic, it can cause mild flu-like symptoms. Complications include microcephaly in fetuses of infected mothers and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Public health efforts focus on mosquito control and prevention through avoiding bites and pregnancy in infected areas. Vaccine research is ongoing but no vaccine currently exists.
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Shaping the Caribbean's response to Zika, UWI’s Zika Task Force (www.uwi.edu/zika) is gathering and providing expert advice to develop a strategic, scientific approach toward tackling the Zika virus.
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This document summarizes information about Zika virus infection in pregnancy from several sources:
- Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and was first isolated in Uganda in 1947. Recent outbreaks have occurred in French Polynesia, Brazil and other parts of the Americas.
- Brazil reported an increase in infants born with microcephaly in 2015 which was linked to Zika virus infection during pregnancy after the virus was detected in amniotic fluid and brain tissue of affected fetuses and infants.
- The CDC provides testing and screening guidelines for pregnant women with travel history or residence in areas with Zika virus transmission to monitor infections and potential fetal impact.
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Zika virus disease is a mosquito-borne viral infection that primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.
It is related to other pathogenic vector borne flaviviruses including dengue, West-Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans
Genre: Flavivirus
Vector: Aedes mosquitoes (which usually bite during the morning and late afternoon/evening hours)
Reservoir: mosquitoes (gut, blood, saliva )
human ( blood, prostate, semen and testes )
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- Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus first identified in 1947 in Uganda. It spread widely in 2015-2016 throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean.
- It is transmitted primarily via the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. While most cases are asymptomatic, it can cause mild fever and rash. A major concern is its link to microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers.
- There is no vaccine or treatment. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites through protective clothing and repellents, especially for pregnant women considering travel to outbreak areas.
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Three years ago, the Zika virus was nowhere to be found in the Western Hemisphere. But in 2015, Brazil suddenly found itself in the throes of an unprecedented Zika outbreak — with more than a million people infected by the mosquito-transmitted disease
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The document summarizes information about the Zika virus. It discusses how the World Health Organization declared Zika a public health emergency due to its suspected link to microcephaly. It then provides details about the symptoms of Zika virus, how it is transmitted, diagnosed, prevented, and treated. The document also discusses the WHO and CDC responses to Zika and efforts to develop a vaccine.
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Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus that causes mild fever and rash. It was first discovered in Uganda in 1947 and recent outbreaks have occurred in the Americas. The virus is transmitted primarily through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. While most infections cause mild symptoms, infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. There is no vaccine or treatment currently available, so prevention focuses on reducing mosquito habitat and exposure through clothing and repellents.
Zika
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- Vitamin A deficiency is a major health problem in developing countries. Emerging research shows Vitamin A may help reduce infectious disease incidence. It also acts as a natural antioxidant protecting cell lipids from free radical damage.
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4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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- 2. WHY ZIKA SO HORRIBLE? WHY SO MUCH CONCERN? Transmitted through placenta Microcephaly (smaller head) for infants Seizures Developmental delay (speech, sitting, standing) Intellectual disability Problems with movement and balance Difficulty swallowing Hearing loss Vision problems
- 3. WHAT IS ZIKA VIRUS? Transmitted through Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) First discovered in 1947 and named after Zika forest in Uganda 1952 : first human case Outbreaks in the past focus on Africa, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands Recently : May 2015 in Brazil and now spread to…
- 6. BE WARE OF INSECT REPELLENTS Follow the product label instructions Safe and effective for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Do not use insect repellents on babies younger than 2 months old. Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old.
- 7. SYMPTOM/ DIAGNOSIS/ TREATMENT 80% have no symptoms Mostly mild symptoms and fade away in few days Diagnosed through blood or urine test Currently no treatment (only supportive care), no vaccine Take acetaminophen for fever and pain. Š Do not take aspirin or other non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs may cause bleeding if Dengue
- 8. 2226 RULE FOR THOSE LEAVE ZIKA AREAS Olympic held in Rio, Brazil (Aug. 5th ) Female Symptoms in 2 weeks Hospital Delay pregnancy for 2 months Male Abstinence for 2 months Symptoms Abstinence for 6 months