You are carrying out PCRs in lab. Why do you not need helicase, SSB,.pdf

•

0 likes•3 views

You are carrying out PCRs in lab. Why do you not need helicase, SSB, primase, ligase, sliding clamp? Solution 1. Helicase: Helicase is an eznyme that plays a crucial role in seperating the DNA double helix by unwinding it. 2. SSB: It stands for Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein (SSB). It binds with high affinity to single-stranded DNA and destabilizes helical duplexes. This helps DNA polymerases to bind to substrates easily. SSB do not bind to double stranded DNAs. 3. Primase: Primase is an enzyme that synthesize primers (short stretches of DNA for the DNA synthesis to proceed) in vivo. In In a PCR experiment, two specific primers are designed and added in the reaction for amplifying specific sequences. 4. Ligase: This enzyme catalyze the DNA repair process by joining of ends of DNA molecules. In these reactions, this enzyme links the phosphate to a neighboring sugar molecule, thus forming the backbone of DNA. 5. Sliding clamp: This clamp protein binds to DNA polymerase (enyme synthesizing the DNA chain), and prevents it from dissociation from the template. Thus it acts as a promoting factor in DNA replication process. The clamp-polymerase interactions are stronger and more specific. It increases the rate of reaction progression..

Education

Similar to You are carrying out PCRs in lab. Why do you not need helicase, SSB,.pdf

DNA REPLICATION

Koppala RVS Chaitanya

Modifying enzymes .pptx

Elizabeth Philip

DNA Replication

NimishaBhatia3

Dna Modifying Enzymes by Arijit Pani

Arijit Pani

DNA replication

C Ebeling

Fundamental techniques of gene manipulation

Manigandan s

Ligase enzyme

Kristu Jayanti College

DNA Replication

SalmaAjmal

Origin of replication, replication fork, enzymes

AnuKiruthika

Enzimas de restriccion

CiberGeneticaUNAM

Important components of replication machinery

ammara12

DNA polymerases are a group of enzymes that are used to make copies of DNA templates, essentially used in DNA replication mechanisms. These enzymes make new copies of DNA from existing templates and also function by repairing the synthesized DNA to prevent mutations. DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond which makes up the backbone of DNA molecules. It uses a magnesium ion in catalytic activity to balance the charge from the phosphate group.

DNA POLYMERASE

Rabia Khan Baber

DNA REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES INITIATION ELONGATION AND TERMINATION

aanitadanappanavar

Replication in prokaryotes

Replication

Dna

dna replication

DNA STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND MANIPULATION

Keii Cee Simsuangco

DNA Replication.pptx

RayanMehera

DNA STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND MANIPULATION

Keii Cee Simsuangco

Similar to You are carrying out PCRs in lab. Why do you not need helicase, SSB,.pdf (20)

DNA REPLICATION

Modifying enzymes .pptx

DNA Replication

Dna Modifying Enzymes by Arijit Pani

DNA replication

Fundamental techniques of gene manipulation

Ligase enzyme

DNA Replication

Origin of replication, replication fork, enzymes

Enzimas de restriccion

Important components of replication machinery

DNA POLYMERASE

DNA REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES INITIATION ELONGATION AND TERMINATION

Replication in prokaryotes

Replication

Dna

dna replication

DNA STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND MANIPULATION

DNA Replication.pptx

DNA STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND MANIPULATION

More from info961251

With which portion of an epithelial cell in the stomach would food be in contact? basal surface basement membrane tight junctions apical surface gap junctions Which of the following relationships between a tissue and its general function is not correct? Epithelial: control Nerve: control Connective: support Muscle: movement Goblet cells are found in which of these epithelia. Stratified squmous Simple squmaous Transitional Simple columnar Solution 1. apical surface The stomach surface is lined with mucus secreting columnar epithelial cells. A single cell structure consists of three surfaces-apical, lateral and basal. The apical surface faces the intestinal lumen. Extending from the apical surface are numerous fingerlike projections (100 nm in diameter) called microvilli, referred as the brush border due to their appearance. Microvilli greatly increase the area of the apical surface, enhancing the absorptive and transportive capacity of the intestinal epithelium. Overlying the brush border, are the oligosaccharide side chains of integral membrane glycoproteins, glycolipids, and enzymes (glycocalyx) catalyzing the final digestion of ingested carbohydrates and proteins. The resultant monosaccharides and amino acids produced are transported across the intestinal epithelium and eventually into the bloodstream. The lateral surface encloses tight junctions, adherens junctions, spotdesmosome, gap junction, intermediate filament, and hemidesmosome. -Tight junctions, prevent diffusion of substances between the intestinal lumen and the blood via the extracellular space between cells. They function as a selective and semipermeable barrier between apical and basolateral compartments of the epithelial layer. They facilitate the passage of small ions and water-soluble solutes through the paracellular space while preventing the passage of luminal antigens, microorganisms and their toxins. -Gap junctions are door-like connections between each epithelial cells.They allow movement of small molecules and ions between the cytosol of adjacent cells. -The remaining three types of junctions, adherens junctions, spot desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes are critical to cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The basal surface of the epithelial cells is the basal lamina, consisting of a fibrous network of collagen and proteoglycans that supports the epithelial cell layer. 2. epithelial:control Epithelial cells line the body cavities and surface of organs and blood vessels. Their functions include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. 3. simple columnar Goblet cells are found scattered among the epithelial cells, mostly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. These cells are simple columnar epithelial cells with a narrow base and expanded apical portion (glandular shape). They secrete mucus which protect against stress and chemical damage, and destroy the microorganisms and particulate matter..

With which portion of an epithelial cell in the stomach would food be.pdf

info961251

Write the interface (.h file) of a class Accumulator containing: A data member named sum of type integer. A constructor accepting no parameters. A function named getSum that accepts no parameters and returns an integer. A function named add that accepts an integer parameter and returns no value. Solution Accumulator.h class Accumulator{ private: int sum; public: Accumulator(); int getSum(); void add(int x); };.

Write the interface (.h file) of a class Accumulator containing A d.pdf

info961251

Write your own definition of cloning. No plagarism!SolutionClo.pdf

info961251

Write appropriate SQL DDL statements (Create Table Statements) for declaring the following relational database schema. Specify appropriate primary keys, referential keys, and other constraints. RESEARCHER Name Title EXPERIMENT Eid Date Time X# MICROARRAY Mid Platform Organism Tissue CONTAIN Eid Mid Solution DDL statements for researcher,Experiment, MidArray,Contain table Create Table Researcher ( X# int Not Null, Name Varchar(20), Tilte Varchar(20), Primary Key(X#) ); Create Table Experiment ( Eid int Not Null, Date Date, Time Date, X# int, Primary Key(Eid), Foreign Key(X#) References Researcher(X#) ); Create Table MicroArray ( Mid int Not Null, Platform varchar(20), Organism varchar(20), Tissue varchar(20), Primary Key(Mid) ); Create Table Contain ( Eid int, Mid int, ForeignKey(Eid) References Experiment(Eid), ForeignKey(Mid) References MidArray(Mid) ); For further queries kindly get back.

Write appropriate SQL DDL statements (Create Table Statements) for d.pdf

info961251

Write a class called Student that extends the provided Person class. Ensure that your student class is a concrete class. The foo method for a person should display (to standard output) the person\'s age and name in a nice way (e.g, \"Nigel\'s age is 14\"). When a person makes a noise it is their name repeated N times where N is the person\'s age. public abstract class Person implements Noisy Person Class public String name; 3 ublic int age; s public abstract void foo); public interface Noisy 2 String noise) 1 public interface Noisy{ Noisy Interface 1 public interface Comparable 2 i Comparable Interface int compareTo(Type other); 1 public class Date 2 int day, month, year; Date Class public Date(int d, int m, int y){ dayd; month - m; year-y; Solution public class Student extends Person{ Student(String name, int age){ this.name = name; // initialising the student properties this.age = age; } public void foo(){ if(isNoisy()){ //check if person makes noise for(int i=0 ; i< age; i++ ){ System.out.print(\" \"+name+\" \"); } }else{ System.out.println(name+\"\\\'s age is \"+age); } } } // Note: Information about the Noisy class is required..

Write a class called Student that extends the provided Person class..pdf

info961251

why NADH and FADH2 are a type of energy currency Solution Energy used by the body for its many activities ultimately comes from the chemical energy in our food. The chemical energy in our food is converted to reducing agents NADH and FADH2 . These reducing agents are then used to make ATP. ATP stores chemical energy ,so that it is available to the body in a readily accessible form. The energy needed by the body is coming from NADH and FADH2, that why they are type of energy currency..

why NADH and FADH2 are a type of energy currencySolutionEnergy.pdf

info961251

Who is D.L Shell? Solution Hi friend, Donald L. Shell (March 1, 1924 – November 2, 2015) was an American computer scientist who designed the Shell sort sorting algorithm. He acquired his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Cincinnati in 1959, and published the shell sort algorithm in the Communications of the ACM in July that same year. YOu can read on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Shell.

Who is D.L ShellSolutionHi friend,Donald L. Shell (March 1,.pdf

info961251

Which of the following correctly states the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum ? lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of the lipid components of lipoproteins absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats. storage of calcium ions synthesis of the cell\'s membranes Solution As per the given options rough endoplasmic reticulum functions are :- 2) Absorbtion, synthesis and transport of fats & 4) Synthesis of cell membranes Generally, the eucaryotic cell contains two types of endoplasmic reticulum i) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum why named as rough means it contains ribosomes on it so, the surface of the reticulum looks rough. The main function of the rough ER is protein synthesis due to the ribosomes. Rough ER through the membrane contact sites contact with the other organells allowing the transfer of lipids and other small molecules. The intestinal cells, pancreatic cells, which involves in the absorption process contains more rough ER why because the proteins synthesized by the Rough ER involved in the intracellular transport of resynthesized lipids.So the rough ER indirectly helps in the absorption process. ii)Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:- Due to the absence of ribosomes it looks smooth so named as smooth ER. The main role is lipid metabolism, and synthesis of carbohydrates and steroid harmones and storage of calcium ions So, in the given question the first option(Lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, synthesis of lipid components of lipo proteins) indicates smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 2nd option Absorbtion, synthesis and transport of fats indicates Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 3rd Option Indicates(Storage of Calcium ions) smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum functions 4th Option is synthesis of cell membrane, For this function the main role of rough Endoplasmic reticulum is during the lipid transport the replenishment of new membranes is done by the morphological change of rough endoplasmic reticulum involved..

Which of the following correctly states the functions of the roug.pdf

info961251

What is isomerism? How many kinds are there? Define each kind and explain with examples? What is isomerism? How many kinds are there? Define each kind and explain with examples? Solution The process of isomerism involves the isomers .These are basically defined as the molecules which have the same molecular formula but they usually possess a different arrangement of the atoms in space. They are of two types: 1.Constitutional isomers :They are defined as the compounds in which the various atoms are connected or bonded in a different manner .They are also called as structural isomers 2.Stereoisomers:On the other hand ,they are the compounds which differ on the basis of orientation in space.They are of two types a)Enantiomers :They are the compounds which are usually a mirror image of one another and thehese mirror images are also non-superimposable b)Diastereomers :They are isomers which are not mirror images of one another.Moreover these compounds are non-superimposable. They are of two types: cis and trans ->Cis-isomers are the isomers which usually contain atoms which are oriented on the same side of a bond. ->On the other hand the Trans-isomers are the compounds that have atoms oriented on opposite sides of a bond.

What is isomerism How many kinds are there Define each kind and.pdf

info961251

What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer What is the definition of the words, and state the difference between them if there is: 1- D-Flip Flop 2- Register 3- Equality 4- Counter 5- Adder 6- Multiplexer Solution 1. The D flip-flop tracks the input, making transitions with match those of the input D. The D stands for \"data\"; this flip-flop stores the value that is on the data line. It can be thought of as a basic memory cell. The Q output always takes on the state of the D input at the moment of a rising clock edge. (or falling edge if the clock input is active low). 2. A register is a group of binary cells suitable for holding binary information. A group of cascaded flip flops used to store related bits of information is known as a register. 4. A counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. Each pulse applied to the clock input increments or decrements the number in the counter. 5. An adder, also called summer, is a digital circuit that performs addition of n-bit binary numbers. 6. A multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line. A multiplexer of 2n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output..

What is the definition of the words, and state the diffe.pdf

info961251

Two sources of radio waves (call them 1 and 2) are separated by a distance d along the a-axis in the plane, and emit sinusoidal waves of the same wavelength A and frequency f in the N (+y), S (-y), E (+x), and W (-x) directions. Suppose that we want to arrange the sources to broadcast a signal in the E direction, but not the W. Can this be accomplished? If so, how? In not, why? Solution both the sources are identicle and emit in all direction N,S,E,W. by introducing a path difference equal to half wave length the waves will have distructive interference and signal is destroyed but this happens in both the direction E nd W equally. Hence it is not possible to arrnge the sources such that we have signal only in E nd not in W, the only way to achieve this is to shield the source in W direction or put reflectors in W direction so that all W signal is reflected back to E.

Two sources of radio waves (call them 1 and 2) are separated by a dis.pdf

info961251

Use the information in the table to select the image that represents the structure of B-form DNA. Solution First one represents the B DNA The structure identified by Watson and Crick, is known as B DNA and is believed to be the idealised form of the structure adopted by virtually all DNA in vivo. It is characterized by a helical repeat of 10 bp/turn by the presence of base pairs lying on the helix axis and almost perpendicular to it, and by having well defined, deep major and minor grooves..

Use the information in the table to select the image that represents .pdf

info961251

Triggers can only be used to update table values. PL/SQL blocks have a section used to declare variables. True False Solution Please find the answers below: 1) False; triggers are not only used to update the table values, but also they are being used in many places like: generating derived column, enforcing referential integrity, imposing security authorizations, etc... 2) True; PL/SQL has a dedicated section where the variables are being declared. The blocks name is DECLARE block, which comes before the actual code of statements which is defined in a BEGIN - END blocks..

Triggers can only be used to update table values. PLSQL blocks have.pdf

info961251

TB is a major worldwide disease with new cases arising at an alarming rate, What factors can account for this and what lays behind the trend of multidrug resistant strains of mycobacterium? please cite reference. Solution Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacteriam tuberculosis. TB is one of the most common cause of death due to infection of the mycobacteriam species.various factor have been found to develop resistance against M. tuberculosis. resistance means simply afterwards that drug potency in terms of pharmacological response will be decresed gradually and at certain level it will not active against the strain. There are two types of resistance 1. natural resistance and second is aquired resistance. natural resistance is found on wild strain. multidrug resistance is the phase in which strain is not responsive against primary line therapy of disease. factor which induced resistance gene factor In a recent year study suggest that the patient who shows the presence of HLA -DRB1 13 and HLA-DRB 1 14 has two fold risk to develop resistance against strain.(Park et al.) Incomplete and inadequate mangment Review of literature suggests that the most powerful factor of MDR-TB is a history of treatment of tuberculosis(diagnosis). TB patients get treated with DOTS regimens not only through the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), but also receive treatment from private medical doctors. Irregular, incomplete, inadequate treatment is the commonest mean of acquiring drug resistant due to improper mangment of drug mostly organism develop the resistnacce against drug eg. use of single drug to treat tb is the fetal cause to develope resistance against organisms.it may be due to ignorance. anothe common error in prescription error it may like additions syndromes. Inadequate treatment compliance : the change over form has complied a significant effece in development of drug resistance it was observed that only 44 per cent of the patients receiving short-course treatment (n=2300) and 36 per cent of those receiving standard chemotherapy (n=1000) completed 81 per cent or more of their treatment. Noncompliance with prescribed treatment is often underestimated by the physician and is difficult to predict. On the other hand, certain factors such as psychiatric illness, alcoholism, drug addiction and homelessness do predict noncompliance .The drug defaulter, just like placebo reactor is not a consistent or readily identified person demographic factors such as ,sex, age, marital status,socio-economic status and education levelhave not been found to correlate with the degree of compliance..

TB is a major worldwide disease with new cases arising at an alarmin.pdf

info961251

7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Solution 7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Printing technology impacted literacy and education. Printing transformend the world and made very important changes. Previously people don\'t have much access to information. They used to write. So, the books are expensive. In 15th century Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing machine and made it available to world. Not all are rich enough to buy hand written books till 15th century. As books are expensive so does literacy. To learn to read and write, need to refer to books. When this printing machine came to availability, books became cheap and affordable. Then on wards the barrier of high cost had gone. Source of knowledge are hand written papers or books besides people. Information is not so much available. Again because of expensive things. When printing is available news papers came into picture and from then on people had one more source of knowledge which is cheaper. In this way printing technology impact literacy and education..

7. How did printing technology impact literacy and educationSol.pdf

info961251

Question 1////Theories of Law Subject __________ is a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provides resources, expertise, and information with the goal of maximizing its capabilities to detect, prevent and respond to terrorist activities. State patrol Federal investigations units Fusion centers DHS 2 points Question 2 By 2008, the TSA had supplied about 43,000 __________ in an effort to secure air transportation systems. police officers U.S. coast guard agents border patrol agents security personnel 2 points Question 3 The average life expectancy of a police officer is __________ years old. 62 49 57 40 2 points Question 4 The Department of Justice oversees all of the following agencies EXCEPT: the Federal Bureau of Investigation. the U.S. Marshals Service. the Drug Enforcement Administration. the Financial Crimes Network. 2 points Question 5 The most controversial method of ending job discrimination is the concept of __________. affirmative action reverse discrimination adverse impact double marginality 2 points Question 6 On average, about __________of full-time sworn personnel in a local police department are female. 88.7% 10.2% 2.7% 11.3% 2 points Question 7 The police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of __________. omniscience omnipresence patrolling fear 2 points Question 8 Klockars defines the basic functions of policing as: dealing with all those problems that may require the use of coercive force. patrolling on foot throughout local neighborhoods. arresting persons for crimes of vandalism. arresting persons for violent offenses. 2 points Question 9 The position of the Patrol Sergeant falls under the __________ in the chain of command from Chief to Patrol officer. Patrol Lieutenant Operations Captain Chief of Police First Lieutenant 2 points Question 10 The Supreme Court ruled that police may stop automobiles based on reasonable suspicion in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a crime was being committed. a traffic violation occurred. a random routine stop. all citizens are subject to the stop. 2 points Question 11 The __________ is considered one of the most important units in investigating terrorism in the U.S. FBI-Joint Terrorist Task Force ATF Department of Homeland Security National Counterterrorism Center 2 points Question 12 Studies have indicated that laws establishing administrative license revocations have helped reduce alcohol-related crashes by __________ percent. 30 40 20 60 2 points Question 13 Which of the following is NOT one of the FBI\'s post-9/11 priorities? To protect civil rights To combat terrorism against the United States To protect the U.S. against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes To monitor the flow of trade and travel 2 points Question 14 __________ is the process of running an organization so that the organization can accomplish its goals. Bureaucracy Management Structure Coordinating 2 points Question 15 In the early days of policing in England, the watchmen in a.

Question 1Theories of Law Subject__________ is a collaborative.pdf

info961251

Q: Describe the 2 types of homologs. (1) Orthologs (2) Paralogs Solution 1. Orthologs: These are genes found in different species that resulted from speciation of a common ancestral gene. During this event of evolution, the orthologs retain their original function. 2. Paralogs: These genes are resulted from duplication event with a genome. And during the evolution, paralogs evolve to attain new function unlike orthologs..

Q Describe the 2 types of homologs. (1) Orthologs (2) ParalogsS.pdf

info961251

Please fix the java code (using eclipse)package hw4p1;import jav.pdf

info961251

Overview You are tasked with writing a program called Social Security that prompts the user to enter the data (name and date-ofbirth)for a collection of people. The program will then process this collection (array) of People (objects we create in another file) to determine who qualifies for Social Security benefits. Specifications For our Social Security program we will need two java files 1. Person java The person class which stores the data for a specific individual 2. SocialSecurity.java (The driver) Details for these two class files appear below. Person ava UML diagram name: String birthdate: LocalDate Person0 Person (newName: String, month: int, day: int, year: int) NetName newName: String) void getName(): String set BirthDate month int, day: int, year int) void get BirthDate 0 LocalDate toString(): String calculate Age(myBirth LocalDate) int Person ava method description Two constructors 1. A Default constructor that creates a Person whose name and birthdate are set to null. 2. A parameterized constructor that accepts a String representation of the name, and three integers corresponding to the month, day, and year in which the person was born. Setters and getters for the two instance variables. A toString0 method that prints the person in the form dob Solution import java.time.LocalDate; import java.time.Period; import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter; import java.util.Scanner; class Person { String name; LocalDate birthdate; public Person() { super(); } public Person(String name, int month, int day, int year) { super(); this.name = name; this.birthdate = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public LocalDate getBirthdate() { return birthdate; } public void setBirthdate(int month, int day, int year) { this.birthdate = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } @Override public String toString() { DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(\"MM/dd/yyyy\"); birthdate.format(formatter); return \"Person [name=\" + name + \", birthdate=\" + birthdate + \"]\"; } public int calculateAge() { return Period.between(birthdate, LocalDate.now()).getYears(); } public void qualifySSN() { if(this.calculateAge()>66) System.out.println(\"Qualifies for Social Security Benifits\"); else System.out.println(\"Doesnot qualifies for Social Security Benefits\"); } } public class SocialSecurity { public static void main(String[] args) { if (args.length > 1) System.out.println(\"Invalid number of command line arguments\"); int num = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); Person[] p = new Person[num]; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in).useDelimiter(\"\\\ \"); ; for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { System.out.println(\"enter persons name\"); String name = in.next(); System.out.println(\"enter date of birth in the format Month Day Year\"); String dob = in.next(); String[] temp = dob.split(\" \"); p[i] = new Person(name, Integer.parseInt(temp[0]), Integer.parseInt(temp[1]), Integer.pa.

Overview You are tasked with writing a program called Social Security.pdf

info961251

A geneticist Dr. O. Sophila discovers a new mutation that causes the flies to shake and quiver. She calls this mutation spastic (sps) and determines that spastic is due to an autosomal recessive mutation. She wants to determine if the spastic gene is linked to the gene for vestigial wings (vg) - also a recessive phenotype. She has true breeding stocks for each kind of mutations. She crosses a spastic fly with a vestigial wing fly and then uses the resulting F1 females in a testcross. She obtains the following F2 flies from the testcross: Spastic with normal wings 230 NonSpastic with vestigial wings 224 Spastic with vestigial wings 97 NonSpastic with normal wings 99 Are the genes that cause vestigial wings and the spastic mutation linked? Provide the rationale to your answer. What is the genotype and phenotype of F1 females? Annotate the genotype notation illustrates whether sps and vg alleles are in cis or trans arrangement to each other. What is(are) phenotype(s) of th Solution Answer: 3.1) Spastic (recessive) = s; Nonspastic (dominant)=s+ Vestigial wings (recessive)= v; Normal wings(dominant) = V ssVV (spastic fly) x s+ s+ vv (Vestigial wings)-----P sV s+v----------------------------gametes s+sVv (nonspastic, normal wing)---------F1 F1 X ssvv------------Test cross. During test cross, all the progeny should be in equal proportion, but it is not the case. So the genes were linked. 3.2). F1 phenotype= nonspastic, normal wing Genotyope: s+sVv Recessive allele of one gene and dominant allele of the other gene present on the same chromosome, so the configuration of the genes is trans configuration. 3.3). The recombinant phenotypes of F2 files are= spastic with vestigial wings and nonspastic with normal wings 3.4). spastic with normal wings = ss Vv Nonspastic with vestigial wings = s+svv Spastic with vestigial wings = ssvv Nonspastic with normal wings= s+sVv 3.5). %Recombinant frequency = map distance (map units) Recombinat frequency = (total number of recombinants / Total progeny)100 = 97+99 = (196/650)100 = 30.15% The genetic distance between the v and s genes is 30.15 map units.

A geneticist Dr. O. Sophila discovers a new mutation that causes the .pdf

info961251

More from info961251 (20)