7. How did printing technology impact literacy and educationSol.pdf

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7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Solution 7. How did printing technology impact literacy and education? Printing technology impacted literacy and education. Printing transformend the world and made very important changes. Previously people don\'t have much access to information. They used to write. So, the books are expensive. In 15th century Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing machine and made it available to world. Not all are rich enough to buy hand written books till 15th century. As books are expensive so does literacy. To learn to read and write, need to refer to books. When this printing machine came to availability, books became cheap and affordable. Then on wards the barrier of high cost had gone. Source of knowledge are hand written papers or books besides people. Information is not so much available. Again because of expensive things. When printing is available news papers came into picture and from then on people had one more source of knowledge which is cheaper. In this way printing technology impact literacy and education..

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With which portion of an epithelial cell in the stomach would food be in contact? basal surface basement membrane tight junctions apical surface gap junctions Which of the following relationships between a tissue and its general function is not correct? Epithelial: control Nerve: control Connective: support Muscle: movement Goblet cells are found in which of these epithelia. Stratified squmous Simple squmaous Transitional Simple columnar Solution 1. apical surface The stomach surface is lined with mucus secreting columnar epithelial cells. A single cell structure consists of three surfaces-apical, lateral and basal. The apical surface faces the intestinal lumen. Extending from the apical surface are numerous fingerlike projections (100 nm in diameter) called microvilli, referred as the brush border due to their appearance. Microvilli greatly increase the area of the apical surface, enhancing the absorptive and transportive capacity of the intestinal epithelium. Overlying the brush border, are the oligosaccharide side chains of integral membrane glycoproteins, glycolipids, and enzymes (glycocalyx) catalyzing the final digestion of ingested carbohydrates and proteins. The resultant monosaccharides and amino acids produced are transported across the intestinal epithelium and eventually into the bloodstream. The lateral surface encloses tight junctions, adherens junctions, spotdesmosome, gap junction, intermediate filament, and hemidesmosome. -Tight junctions, prevent diffusion of substances between the intestinal lumen and the blood via the extracellular space between cells. They function as a selective and semipermeable barrier between apical and basolateral compartments of the epithelial layer. They facilitate the passage of small ions and water-soluble solutes through the paracellular space while preventing the passage of luminal antigens, microorganisms and their toxins. -Gap junctions are door-like connections between each epithelial cells.They allow movement of small molecules and ions between the cytosol of adjacent cells. -The remaining three types of junctions, adherens junctions, spot desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes are critical to cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The basal surface of the epithelial cells is the basal lamina, consisting of a fibrous network of collagen and proteoglycans that supports the epithelial cell layer. 2. epithelial:control Epithelial cells line the body cavities and surface of organs and blood vessels. Their functions include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. 3. simple columnar Goblet cells are found scattered among the epithelial cells, mostly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. These cells are simple columnar epithelial cells with a narrow base and expanded apical portion (glandular shape). They secrete mucus which protect against stress and chemical damage, and destroy the microorganisms and particulate matter..

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Write the interface (.h file) of a class Accumulator containing: A data member named sum of type integer. A constructor accepting no parameters. A function named getSum that accepts no parameters and returns an integer. A function named add that accepts an integer parameter and returns no value. Solution Accumulator.h class Accumulator{ private: int sum; public: Accumulator(); int getSum(); void add(int x); };.

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You are carrying out PCRs in lab. Why do you not need helicase, SSB, primase, ligase, sliding clamp? Solution 1. Helicase: Helicase is an eznyme that plays a crucial role in seperating the DNA double helix by unwinding it. 2. SSB: It stands for Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein (SSB). It binds with high affinity to single-stranded DNA and destabilizes helical duplexes. This helps DNA polymerases to bind to substrates easily. SSB do not bind to double stranded DNAs. 3. Primase: Primase is an enzyme that synthesize primers (short stretches of DNA for the DNA synthesis to proceed) in vivo. In In a PCR experiment, two specific primers are designed and added in the reaction for amplifying specific sequences. 4. Ligase: This enzyme catalyze the DNA repair process by joining of ends of DNA molecules. In these reactions, this enzyme links the phosphate to a neighboring sugar molecule, thus forming the backbone of DNA. 5. Sliding clamp: This clamp protein binds to DNA polymerase (enyme synthesizing the DNA chain), and prevents it from dissociation from the template. Thus it acts as a promoting factor in DNA replication process. The clamp-polymerase interactions are stronger and more specific. It increases the rate of reaction progression..

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Write your own definition of cloning. No plagarism!SolutionClo.pdf

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