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      i
About the Department




The Department of Mechanical Engineering started in the year 1979, has now
grown into a full-fledged Department offering undergraduate and Post
Graduate courses in Mechanical Engineering with the present intake of 120
students. The Department also offers two Post Graduate courses, M.Tech. in
Design Engineering and M.Tech. in Computer Integrated Manufacturing. There
has been a significant improvement in quality, stature, infrastructure and other
facilities.
The department is a recognized Research Centre under VTU and 8 research
scholars are working for their Doctoral research. The department has to its
credit many funded projects from leading organisation like AICTE, Naval
Research Board, Institution of Engineers, etc.
The department has so far graduated more than 4200 Mechanical Engineers
who are contributing significantly to the development and running of various
public and private organizations in India and abroad in the fields of Academics,
Research, Industrial and Social sector.
The Department of Mechanical Engineering is Accredited for 5 years by
National Board of Accreditation (NBA), New Delhi.


                                       ii
Message




                                   Dr. C. P. S. Prakash
                                    Professor and Head
                            Department of Mechanical Engineering


It is a matter of Pride that we are bringing out Department Newsletter “YANTRA
20XI”AUTUMN ISSUE. I heartily congratulate the student editorial team for all the effort.
The department is embarking upon lot of new Initiatives to reach a mark of Academic
Excellence.

There has been a total turn around in the department, with lot of new academic initiatives
being launched. A greater focus is given for industry- institution interaction by way of
industrial visits, technical talks by industry experts, etc. I wish this trend will only develop
to make our department one of the best in the country.

I thank Vice Principal & Principal, DSCE, Secretary, DSI, and Dr. Premachandra Sagar,
Vice Chairman & CEO, DSI, for supporting the Department in its growth towards
excellence.




                                              iii
CFD Study for Geometrical Optimization of a Special Purpose
                                                               contents 01
Carburettor

Advanced Electro hydraulic systems for Material testing                 05

Cell phone Radiation may alter Brain                                    06

Landing Gear: The Ultimate Shock Absorber                               07

A Billion+ Intentional Law Breakers V/S LOKPAL                          09
Germany – the hub of quality education for Mechanical
Engineers                                                               10

F-1 in India !!                                                         12

Harish Hande – the illuminator                                          14

Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS)                                  15

The Green Ride                                                          16

An Expo to remember                                                     17

DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES                                                   19

        Parent - teacher meet held on 3.10.2011                         20

        Delegates’ visit                                                21

        Inauguration of new basic workshop and addition of facilities   22

        Ayudha pooja was celebrated on 3.10.11                          24

        Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended                          25

        Papers Published in Conference/Workshops/Seminars               26

        Student paper presented at                                      27
        conference/workshops/seminars/technical symposia

        Student Project Exhibition at International/National            29
        conference/workshops/technical symposia

        Student site visit/technical tours conducted                    30

        Invited special lecturer                                        30

        Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended                          31

        Industrial visit                                                32

        Credits                                                         33




                                        iv
CFD    Study    for  Geometrical                                Introduction
 Optimization of a Special Purpose
 Carburetor for Application with                                 Mixing devices for gases used in gas engines generally
 GaseousFuels of Low Energy                                      Referred to as carburetor, for mixing air and gaseous fuels
                                                                 are commonly attached to the intake manifold of an internal
 Density    at    Low    Operating
                                                                 combustion engine. In gas carburetor the mixing of air and
 Pressures
                                                                 gaseous fuels needs to be in a proper ratio for particular
                                          1                  2   demand of the engine. In the current state of technological
                           Arunkumar KH , and Rajan N K S
        1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. DSCE, Bangalore.      advances, it is recognized that Biomass is one of the
                   2 Research Scientist, CGPL, IISC, Bangalore   viable and      sustainable renewable resources and new
                               Email: nksr@cgpl.iisc.ernet.in    technologies emerging        out      of   biomass      based
                                                                 gasification systems find a significant role in bridging the
                                                                 energy crisis. The advanced biomass gasification systems
Abstract
                                                                 are known to generate producer gas as the combustible
Design of a gas carburetor for application with Gases of low     fuel that is clean enough to be used in gas engines.
energy density such as Producer Gas, Coal gas And Syngas         However in order to use the standard gas engines some
with a special requirement for low pressure loss is              of its components need modifications before they are used to
considered for      its   geometrical     and performance        handle this gaseous fuel. Since this technology is an
optimization. The device is meant for generation of an           emerging one and is yet to be disseminated in the scale of
optimal air-fuel mixture to meet varying load conditions         driving market, it is essential that components which
of the engine and at varying supply pressure of the fuel.        require modifications need be studied and standardized.
More critically the application is to address either a           Carburetor is one of the important components in such
positive or negative incoming pressure of the fuel line          category and it is identified that additional research work
and to allow for seamless operation under such                   is to be carried out in Establishing a design procedure for
conditions. A set of geometrical configurations of the           this application. The work presented here is an effort in this
specially designed carburetor is comprehensively analyzed        regard. Air/fuel ratio characteristic exert a large influence
for its mixing performance and pressure losses in the            on exhaust emission and fuel economy in Internal
device with CFD modeling using a commercially available          Combustion engine. With increasing demand for high fuel
industry standard 3-D RANS code. It is observed that             efficiency and low emission, the need to supply the engine
currently there are no carburetors being produced                cylinders with a well-defined stoichiometry mixture under all
commercially that meet these requirements. Some of               circumstances has become more essential for better
the concepts evolved [1] are attempted to be optimized and       engine performance. Carburetors are in general defined as
to standardize them as well. In the prevailing state of          devices where a flow induce Pressure drop forces a fuel flow
technology, it is found that development of such a               into the air stream. An ideal carburetor would provide a
carburetor for use with low energy density fuels at low          mixture of appropriate air-fuel (A/F) ratio to the engine
working pressures is essential in addressing the                 over its entire range of operation from no load to full
technology gap. The CFD simulation model is made up              load conditions. To ensure proper industrial dissemination
of a mixing chamber that has orifices for air and fuel           these special Carburetors should be reproducible and
inlets to generate a stable stoichiometric mixture and           should have standardized operating procedures. 3-D RANS
work close to ambient conditions. The modeling gas               CFD code is used for the flow analysis and a computational
provided a good insight into the flow details and has            model with suitable mesh is generated. The k-ε turbulence
paved way in optimization of geometrical design to get a         model is considered to be the optimal model for the case
good mixing efficiency and with least pressure drop.             considered. The geometric models are built using Catia-V5
                                                                 geometric modeling code used.
Key Words: Carburettor, IC Engine, Stoichiometry, CFD,
Turbulence, Low Energy Density Fuels.                            2. Geometric Modelling and Meshing
                                                                 Some of the prime factors considered in designing the
                                                                 carburetor are simplicity and ruggedness as basic
                                                                 requirements that would achieve reproducible and good

                                                                 1
performance. The air and fuel flow through orifices              4. CFD Analysis
entering into a mixing chamber of the carburetor enables         As mentioned earlier, primary concept of this carburetor is
to produce stoichiometric ratio with good mixing of air          taken from the earlier reported work [1,2].This work addresses
and gas. Carburetor is being designed to have air and            the geometrical and design optimization of this design
fuel flow near ambient conditions of working pressure.           concept. The CFD simulations are carried out on the
The carburetor is as shown in the Fig.1 and it has               carburetor geometric models as shown in Fig.4. The air
orifices at air and fuel inlets such that the A/F ratio at       and fuel pass through inlet ducts of size 50mm X 50 mm.
ambient flow condition should maintained stoichiometry           The air inlet is kept tangential and fuel inlet radial to the
for a 25 kW engine. The amount of fuel flow inside the           cylindrical mixing chamber. Air and fuel enter into the mixing
carburetor is controlled by butterfly valves which are           chamber through orifices of sizes of 28 mm and 26.5 mm
located prior to the air and fuel inlet orifices. The            diameters, respectively. Fig.5 shows the fuel mass fraction
pressure balancing electronic control module drives              contours, air mass fractions, streamline plots and velocity
suitably the butterfly valve with the help of a DC motor         vector plots at different cross sectional planes. From the
that brings the valves for a null pressure differential          analysis, it can be seen that the mixing of fuel and air in
across the manifolds of the fuel and air. In a practical         the carburetor is occurring fairly well and rendering the
system, the variation of air-fuel ratios are indicated by a      variation in mass fraction at the exit nearly to be within
differential pressure sensor and the valve movements are         2% considered to be good enough for a premixed
controlled based on this feedback towards maintaining            combustion in the engine. The velocity at outlet is
the stoichiometric air- fuel ratio. A detailed concept of        designed to be below 10m/s, Re works out to be 35055 and
the first generation carburetor based on this working            pressure drop across the carburetor is found be about 116
principle is brought out in earlier reported work [1,2]. A       Pa. In the previous works on carburetor analysis it is
reported work [3] also mentions the need for homogeneity         noticed that there is considerable pressure drop at the
in mixing and maintenance of the air-fuel ratio in the gas       outlet. Efforts are made to reduce the pressure drop and
carburetors. In order to overcome the problems associated        to achieve the proper mass fraction by changing the air
with the use of zero pressure regulators and to maintain                          °   °   °       °
                                                                 inlet position (15 , 30 , 45 and 60 ) and Figure 5.1 shows the
the stoichiometry A/F mixture, carburetor uses the orifices      contour plots for the variation of mass fraction, pressure
at both air and gas lines. Orifices are designed based on        variation in the existing carburetor domain. Further
the mass flow rate of the gas required for IC engine. Fig.3      analysis is carried out to study the impact of change in
shows the orifice meter for air and fuel control. Continuous                                                     °,   °   °
                                                                 the position of air inlet (by changing it to 15 30 , 45 and
hexahedron meshed model considered for CFD analysis                  °
                                                                 60 with respect to the original tangential position) and by
and which is shown in Fig.4.1, with 1.4lakh
                                                                 changing the diameter of the outlet. The contour plots for
computational nodes.
                                                                 different air inlet positions is shown in figures 5.2 and 5.3

3. Governing Equations and the Boundary
                                                                 5. Results
Conditions                                                       The Fig 5.4(a) shows the percentage variation air mass
For the present flow analysis the 3D RANS equations have         fraction with different air inlet position consider full mass
been considered. The Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stocks             flow condition and without valve control and Fig 5.4(b) shows
Equations are solved for steady, single phase and viscous        the pressure variation along the length of the carburetor for
flow. A 3 Dimensional RANS code having upwinding                 different air inlet positions. From these plots one can
implicit scheme and k–ε approach for turbulence is used          notice that for air inlet angles 15°, 30° and 45° are suitable
for obtaining numerical solution. The equations are solved       to obtain the desired mixing but the pressure drops are
for steady incompressible flow. The boundary and initial         considerably high in these cases and are in the order of 116
conditions used include (a) no slip at the walls; (b) Assigned   Pa.
mass flow rate and pressures at inlet and outlet ports. The
successive interactive method for the computations is            In order to reduce the pressure drop across the device, a
carried out to obtain converged solutions with RMS               change in configuration is made with the outlet is
residuals diminishing with more than 4 decade fall.              increased by 1.5 times than the existing exit port of
                                                                 carburetor and considering the valves are fully open.


                                                                 2
Figure 5.5(a) and 5.5(b) shows the percentage variation
of mass fraction and pressure variations at the exit,           References
respectively. From these plots one can see that air inlet
      o                                                         1.     T. R. Anil, S. D. Ravi, M. Shashikanth, N. K. S. Rajan,
at 45 meets the requirements with lower mass fraction                  P.G.Tewari. “CFD Analysis of a Mixture Flow in a
variation and is within 2%. The pressure drop is found to be           Producer Gas Carburetor”, International Conference on
                                                                       Computational Fluid Dynamics, Acoustics, Heat
20 Pa and is quite acceptable. This set of results reveal the          Transfer and Electromagnetics CFEMATCON-06, July
optimization achieved in the geometrical configurations for            24-25, 2006, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
the concept considered.                                         2.     T.R.Anil, P.G.Tewari, N.K.S.Rajan, An Approach for
                                                                       Designing of Producer Gas Carburetor for Application
                                                                       in   Biomass     based    Power     Generation   Plants
Conclusion                                                             proceedings of the national conference of NATCON
The work is carried out with an objective to achieve                   2004, Bangalore.
optimum design for a carburetor for engine application with     3.     Klimstra J, “Carburetors for Gaseous Fuels –on Air to Fuel
fuels of low energy contents, mentioned earlier. 3–D                   ratio, Homogeneity and Flow restriction. SAE paper
CFD simulations made have been able to capture the                     892141
detailed functional features of fluid flow in the
carburetor configurations considered.           The results
obtained from the computational studies provide a good
insight of its functional behavior. Turbulent model based
on k-ε model with a RANS code has been used for the CFD
predictions of the fuel and air mass fractions and the
carburetor performance has been evaluated.              The                                                                  Outle
outcome has brought out an optimal design of the                Air Inlet
                                                                                                                             t
carburetor that can be used for prototype testing and
qualifying tests. The results indicate that there is a
good mixing of the constituent gases in the geometries                                                              Mixing Chamber
considered and the optimization has allowed to have
reduced pressure drop of about 20 Pa. This optimization
                                                                     Producer gas
has paved a way in overcoming multiple hardware                      Inlet                                       Orifice
building and testing and has allowed to get enhanced
performance of the prototyping model that could lead
                                                                                                  Butterfly valve
to blend suitably for the engine applications specified.
Apart from the reduction in the cost function of the                         Fig.2: 3-D Model of producer gas carburetor
design, this approach has led to provide performance
border lines in the possible geometrical options giving
an edge over the empirical design approach and manage
to meet the constraints of the applications.          These
aspects of this work are considered to provide a design
alternative in bridging the technology gap in the area of
low energy fuel based engine applications.



                                                                            Fig.3: Flow Control Orifices for Producer Gas
                                                                               Carburetor (a) Fuel control (b) Air control




          Fig 1: Assembled view of the Test Rig Setup



                                                                3
Fig 4: Model considered for       Fig 4.1: Mesh Geometry Model of Carburetor
            Carburetor




       Fig 5(a)                                        Fig 5(b)




                                          Fig 5 (a): percentage variation air mass
                                          fraction with different air inlet position
                                          consider full mass flow condition and
                                          without valve control
                                              (B) : pressure variation along the
                                          length of the carburetor for different air
                                          inlet positions




      Fig 5(a)

.




                                  4
Advanced Electro hydraulic                                 vehicle. This allows test to be completed in the
  systems for Material testing                               laboratory on a subassembly before the complete
                                                             vehicle is developed. This reduces total
Modern        technology      has    advanced      the       development time and provides early reliability
development of many new materials and products.              information. The addition of the digital computer
Technology in these areas has increased due to the           to test system has increased testing capability in
requirement of space travel, new transportation              areas previously too complex for testing in the
methods and advanced construction methods of                 laboratory. The computer has also provided many
Civil Engineering structures such as buildings &             new testing materials to determine complex
bridges. These developments have created the                 properties of the material.
need for new and advanced test methods of these
materials and products. Electro hydraulic test                                     Prof. Prabhakar Kuppahalli
systems have provided the tools to perform tests                                           Associate Professor
to develop materials as-well-as to determine the                                        Mechanical engineering
reliability of the finished products for its end use.

Industrial uses of these equipments may be
divided into two categories:
         Basic material research
      Final product or component testing.

Material research is mainly concerned with
developing and testing a material for certain
physical properties, such as high strength
characteristics at elevated temperatures. It is
responsibility of those involved in the product
testing to subject a product or a component in its
final geometric form to the conditions that closely
simulate the end use.

The two areas, material testing and product
testing have different requirements and yet the
tests can be completed with the same type of
equipments. In many cases the test arrangement
and performance requirement are difficult but the
equipment is basically the same.

Electro Hydraulic closed- loop systems are
dedicated to producing realistic tests so materials
and products can better be designed for actual
service use. This requires equipment capable of
reproducing a program to a high degree of
accuracy as-well-as being adaptable to perform
many different types of tests. These systems have
been developed and proven for many types of
applications. The basic principle of closed loop
testing has been accepted throughout industry.

For example, in automotive testing, it is possible to
create a synthesized program of field condition for
a complete vehicle or for a subassembly of that


                                                         5
Cell phone radiation may alter                            phones limit the most radiation when they initially
            Brain                                         establish contact with the cell tower making their
                                                          “Digital hand shake”. To reduce exposure, it is best
         We are used to a culture where people            to wait until after your call has been connected to
cradle their cell phones next to their heads with         put your cell phone next to your ear.
the same constancy and affection that toddlers
hold their security blanket. Doing so could alter                  During the ensuing conversation it is
brain activities.                                         advisable to tilt the phone to tilt the phone away
                                                          from your ear when you are talking and only bring
         It is advised to keep cell phones at a           it close to your ear when you are listening. The
distance by putting them on a speaker mode or             emission of radiation is significantly less when a
using a wired headset whenever possible. The next         cell phone is receiving signals than when it is
best option is wireless Bluetooth headsets or             transmitting.
earpieces which limit the radiation at far lower
level. If a headset isn’t feasible, holding your                    Also your cell phone limits less when you
phone just slightly away from ear can make a big          are stationery because when you are moving
difference; the intensity of radiation of the             rapidly- say in a car or a train – it must repeatedly
radiation diminishes sharply with distance. “EVERY        issue little bursts of radiation to make digital
MILLIMETER COUNTS”.                                       handshakes with different towers as it moves in
                                                          and out of range. (MORE CAUSE TO HANG UP
         So, crushing your cell phone into your           WHEN YOU BUCKLE UP).
ears to hear better in a crowded bar is probably a
bad idea. Go outside if you have to make or take a                 Any situation where your cell phone has a
call. And you might not want to put your cell             weak signal indicates it has to work harder and
phone in your breast or pant pockets either,              thus will emit more radiation. Children’s
because that also puts it right up against your           developing brain and tissues are thought to be
body. Carry it in a purse or briefcase or get a non       most vulnerable to cell phone radiation. Texting,
metallic clip that orients it away from the body.         instead of talking might be safer. That is, if you
                                                          don’t rest your cell phone against your body while
         Some studies have suggested a link               typing out your message.
between cell phone use and cancer, Lower bone
density and infertility in men. You can get an idea        USE YOUR CELL PHONE WISELY AND BE HEALTHY.
of the relative amounts of radiation various cell                             Prof. Prabhakar Kuppahalli.
phone models limit by looking at their Specific                                            Associate Professor,
Absorption Rate (SAR). This number indicates how                                Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

much radiation is absorbed by the body when                                                    DSCE, Bangalore

using the handset at maximum power. A cell
phone cannot be sold in the U.S unless an FCC
(Federal Communication Commission) approved
laboratory says its SAR is below 1-6watts/kilogram,
In Europe the maximum is 2 watts/kilogram.

The apple iphone 4 is listed at 1-127
watts/kilogram. The Motorola Droid at 1.5 and LG
Quantum at 0.35. You may look for this number in
the website of the major carriers and not from
your local wireless store and it is not usually
displayed in your set or the user manual either.

More important than looking for the low SAR
value, is how you use the cell phone. Many cell

                                                      6
LANDING GEAR: The Ultimate                                  off. The Concorde, for instance, had a retractable
     Shock Absorber                                         tail "bumper" wheel, as delta winged aircraft need
                                                            a high angle when taking off. Some aircraft with
                                                            retractable conventional landing gear have a fixed
         How do Humans support their own
                                                            tail wheel, which generates minimal drag (since
weight? Well we have our indigenously built Legs
                                                            most of the airflow past the tail wheel has been
which act as supporting structure with Knee joint,
                                                            blanketed by the fuselage) and even improves
a kind of Damper. Similarly, for a humongous
                                                            yaw stability in some cases.
Airplane such as AIRBUS A380 (Largest Passenger
Jet ever), this is by far an Aviation engineering           To decrease drag in flight some undercarriages
marvel of 21st century both in terms of technology          retract into the wings and/or fuselage with wheels
and scale of implementation into a Flying giant.            flush against the surface or concealed behind
Considering the size of this flying giant, it needs a       doors; this is called retractable gear. If the wheels
supporting structure, probably strongest of its             rest protruding and partially exposed to the air
kind. For this it has Undercarriage as supporting           stream after being retracted, the system is called
structure and Landing Gear as Damper which alone            semi-retractable.
supports the whole weight of the giant A380.
                                                            The Airbus A340-500/-600 has an additional four-
Typically wheels are used, but skids, skis, floats or
                                                            wheel undercarriage bogie on the fuselage
a combination of these and other elements can be
                                                            centreline, much like the twin-wheel unit in the
deployed, depending on the surface. Landing gear
                                                            same general location. The Boeing 747, a long
usually    includes wheels equipped       with shock
                                                            time and only competitor for Airbus, has five sets
absorbers for solid ground, but some aircraft are
                                                            of wheels: a nose-wheel assembly and four sets of
equipped with skis for snow or floats for water,
                                                            four-wheel bogies. A set is located under each
and/or skids or pontoons (helicopters).
                                                            wing, and two inner sets are located in the
The undercarriage is a relatively heavy part of the         fuselage, a little rearward of the outer bogies,
vehicle, it can be as much as 7% of the takeoff             adding up to a total of eighteen wheels and tires.
weight, but more typically is 4-5%. Wheeled                 The Airbus A380 also has a four-wheel bogie under
undercarriages     normally      come      in    two        each wing with two sets of six-wheel bogies under
types: conventional      or       "tail     dragger"        the fuselage. The enormous Ukrainian Antonov
undercarriage, where there are two main wheels              An-225 jet cargo aircraft has one of the largest, if
towards the front of the aircraft and a single, much        not the largest, number of individual wheel/tire
smaller, wheel or skid at the rear; or tricycle             assemblies in its landing gear design - with a total
undercarriage where there are two main wheels               of four wheels on the twin-strut nose gear units,
(or wheel assemblies) under the wings and a third           and a total of 28 main gear wheel/tire units,
smaller wheel in the nose.                                  adding up to a total of 32 wheels and tires.

The taildragger arrangement was common during
the early propeller era, as it allows more room for
propeller clearance.Most modern aircraft have
tricycle    undercarriages.       Taildraggers    are
considered harder to land and take off (because
the arrangement is unstable, that is, a small
deviation from straight-line travel is naturally
amplified by the greater drag of the main wheel
which has moved farther away from the plane's
centre of gravity due to the deviation), and usually
require special pilot training. Sometimes a small
tail wheel or skid is added to aircraft with tricycle                  A typical aircraft landing gear
undercarriage, in case of tail strikes during take-


                                                        7
For light aircraft a type of landing gear which is
economical to produce is a simple wooden arch
laminated from ash, as used on some homebuilt
aircraft. A similar arched gear is often formed from
spring steel. The Cessna Airmaster was among the
first aircraft to use spring steel landing gear. The
main advantage of such gear is that no other
shock-absorbing device is needed; the deflecting
leaf provides the shock absorption.

There         are       several         types      of
steering. Taildragger aircraft may be steered
by rudder alone (depending upon the prop
wash produced by the aircraft to turn it) with a
                                                                     Landing Gear of Antonov An-225
freely-pivoting tail wheel, or by a steering linkage
with the tail wheel, or by differential braking (the
use of independent brakes on opposite sides of
the aircraft to turn the aircraft by slowing one side       Another way of steering an aircraft is by
more sharply than the other). Aircraft with tricycle        Differential Braking. This depends on asymmetric
landing gear usually have a steering linkage with           application of the brakes on the main gear wheels
the nose wheel (especially in large aircraft), but          to turn the aircraft.
some allow the nose wheel to pivot freely and use
                                                            Malfunctions or human errors (or a combination of
differential braking and/or the rudder to steer the
                                                            these) related to retractable landing gear have
aircraft. Some aircraft require that the pilot steer
                                                            been the cause of numerous accidents and
by using rudder pedals; others allow steering with
                                                            incidents throughout aviation history. Belly
the yoke or control stick. Some allow both. Still
                                                            landing, is an accident that may result from the
others have a separate control, called a tiller, used
                                                            pilot simply forgetting, or failing, to lower the
for steering on the ground exclusively. Some
                                                            landing gear before landing or a mechanical
aircraft link the yoke, control stick, or rudder
                                                            malfunction that does not allow the landing gear
directly to the wheel used for steering.
                                                            to be lowered. On September 21, 2005, JetBlue
Manipulating these controls turns the steering
                                                            Airways Flight 292 successfully landed with its
wheel (the nose wheel for tricycle landing gear,
                                                            nose gear turned 90 degrees sideways, resulting in
and the tail wheel for taildraggers). The
                                                            a shower of sparks and flame after touchdown.
connection may be a firm one in which any
                                                            This type of incident is very uncommon as the
movement of the controls turns the steering wheel
                                                            nose oleo struts are designed with centering cams
(and vice versa), or it may be a soft one in which a
                                                            to hold the nosewheels straight until they are
spring-like mechanism twists the steering wheel
                                                            compressed by the weight of the aircraft.
but does not force it to turn.
                                                                                              Manjunath SB
The former provides positive steering but makes it
                                                                                  Senior Research Assistant
easier to skid the steering wheel; the latter                            Mechanical engineering department
provides softer steering (making it easy to
overcontrol) but reduces the probability of
skidding. Aircraft with retractable gear may disable
the steering mechanism wholly or partially when
the gear is retracted.




                                                        8
A Billion+ Intentional Law                                    supposed to pay. We’ll cut trees for expanding our
Breakers V/S LOKPAL                                           portico so that we can park our vehicles easily.
                                                              We’ll tell all sort of lies to escape from work &
Thinking beyond the Media                                     either attend a function or go to a cricket match.
Generated Hype called “ANNA”                                  Phew!! The list is endless. And these are just petty
                                                              things mentioned here. Think about much more
Hats off to Mr. Anna Hazare!!!!                               grave things.
Except, during the Emergency Rule (1975 - 1977),                       Agreed many laws are not fair & just.
never in the history of Independent India had such            Many laws are old and do not make sense. But
proportions of general public in India unanimously            that doesn’t mean that, we blatantly break them.
participated in an event for a social cause for               We should try to get our bureaucracy to change
Indian Republic as had done for Anna Hazare’s fast            such rules. But no, we simply love breaking rules &
for a “stronger Lokpal Bill”. Probably, after a long,         regulations. We are born with that psyche. Now,
long time we have got someone who can be                      obviously we can’t escape the so called ‘long-arm’
actually called a leader, a person who can                    of the law every time. Naturally it also means that,
motivate masses for good cause. And to say the                if we are caught we wouldn’t like to face the actual
least, it was heartening and relieving to see that            punishment or fine or whatever it is. So, the
people of India have not gone dead completely.                alternative is: pay bribe to the law enforcing
There is still some national pride, sense and social          authority. Now, these law enforcing people are
sensitivity left in us. We can still steer this               also one amongst us only. So, they’ll also stray
wonderful country out of the rut that it is currently         from their set path.
sinking in. All hope is not lost.                                      That means, mere presence of an
           But, there is more to all this “Lokpal Bill”       authority is not going to clean up the mess that we
than meets the eye. The hype generated by media               have created and are still creating. After all, who’s
regarding the public participation in the fasting             more authoritative than a Prime-Minister in this
event is masking a much bigger problem than the               country? If he/she can’t prevent scams and
anti-corruption bill or Anna Hazare’s fight itself.           corruption, then what guarantee is there that a
And that problem is: “Our Indian Psyche” / “Our               “Lokpal” can? Who’s there to check whether the
Indian Mentality”. If we take a very keen close               lokpal himself is corrupt or not?
look, make an unbiased introspection of our daily                      The answer for all our corruption
behavior in public then, there should be no two               problems is not some law or an authority. It is
opinions about the resulting inference that: we are           “US” (not the United States). We need to change
“habitual intentional law-breakers” by nature.                ourselves first. Even when there is no law
           Take the example of our traffic.                   enforcing authority in the vicinity we should
Irrespective of which place in India it is the                inherently have the good habit/nature of adhering
scenario is same. All of us have the highest                  to the rule/law. The day this happens, then
disregards to traffic rules. We jump signals                  nothing else is required.
intentionally. We go in wrong direction in one-
ways. If it’s a no-parking area then we should park                    Otherwise, think about this ratio:
our vehicle there. We display our driving skill and
potential by riding more than 2 (many a times 4)              “1 LOKPAL v/s 1 Billion+ Intentionally Law-Breaking
people on a two-wheeler. Don’t bother about the               People”.
indicators on our vehicles. They are for show only.                                                      Narahari
Disciplined lane driving? What’s that? Haphazard                                                         Lecturer
parking? Yes we are masters in that. The other                                                Dept. of Mech Engg.
person on the road be damned. ‘It’s my road and I
don’t care’. So on, and so forth.
           No, it’s not just about our driving. We are
like this in all others matters too. Our ingenuity in
making public places dirty is to be seen to be
believed. Likewise, we purposefully build 3 storey
(or multi-storied) buildings where only a house
with ground floor is allowed. We’ll stealthily do the
road cutting for sanitary pipe-laying in the night.
We somehow try to travel on old passes in buses
&trains. We pull all the tricks in C.A books to cheat
the government off the taxes that we are

                                                          9
Germany – the hub of quality                                 favorable for people who believe in understanding
   education for Mechanical                                    and sharing different perceptions on various
                                                               aspects of learning. The country provides
          Engineers                                            opportunity for those people who want to set
                                                               raise their own bar to achieve success.
         The thought of learning and its well
execution finds expression with Germany, which is
one of the developed countries personifying the                What you need to know about German
universal spirit of learning especially in the field of        Universities:
Engineering. Germany has been a hub of various                          Earlier Germany never had a concept of
important activities related to developments and               Bachelor and Masters study, it had only one
innovations in the area of Engineering and the                 degree called “Diploma Engineering”, which is a
study programs in German universities play a very              combination of Bachelors and Masters. Since 3
important role in such developments. The study                 years, the system has been changed and they offer
programs in Germany are very well stylized                     Bachelor and Masters separately just to get in line
keeping in mind the latest engineering and                     with the globalization of education system.
technological advances, which help students to                 The most important thing for any International
keep up to date with the latest cutting edge                   student is to select the right University for their
technologies. The one main factor that attracts                Master’s study. Here, you can find two types of
most of the students to Germany is the nominal                 universities. One is the Technical University
tuition fee. As most of the universities are                   (Universitaet or TH as it is called in German), which
government funded or government universities, so               is completely research oriented and the other one
they charge very low fee from students.                        is called as School of Applied Studies
                                                               (Fachhochschule – FH as known in German), which
         For students dreaming to be a part of                 is mainly practical oriented. For students who
some major engineering advances, German                        want to get into research, Technical University is
universities offer a great platform. With some of              the best place to pursue their masters. Here
the major Automotive OEMs being situated in very               courses are purely Theory based and very few
close proximity makes Germany even more                        practical courses are offered. In School of Applied
attractive for higher education particularly for               Studies, you can find courses which are tailor
Mechanical Engineers. The success of German                    made of Industrial application with more practical
Universities and engineers has lots to do with the             courses.
Industry-University Research collaboration. The
demand for higher education in Germany has                              Although, there is no proper ranking
increased tremendously in the last 3 to 4 years.               system for the German Universities, most of the
One main reason for its popularity among foreign               Technical Universities are assumed to be of very
students is that it helps to develop your skills and           high standard. There are few websites which give a
talent in best way to suit changing trends of                  brief comparison about all the universities. One
international market.                                          such website is www.daad.de.

The benefits for international students looking to             Courses Offered:
pursue higher education in Germany are:
                                                                   Although, in Germany the number of English
        Involvement in some high end research                 taught master’s program is very limited, it offers a
         projects                                              very wide range of courses on different
        Access to highly sophisticated and                    specialization. Most of the English taught master
         advanced research facilities                          courses are specialized courses, you may not find a
        Open system for learning and interaction              general Mechanical Engineering masters course.
         with leading Researchers                              So, it’s very important for any International
        Industrial Projects and part time jobs at             student to decide on what specialization they are
         some of the top companies                             looking for before they take up a course. Different
        High quality of lectures imparted by some             courses being offered for International Masters
         of the leading industry specialists                   students under Mechanical Engineering are:

Germany as such is multi-cultural and rich with                        Computational Mechanics
heritage; this factor is another important factor                      Automotive Engineering
which makes learning conditions effective and                          Automotive Systems Engineering


                                                          10
    Transportation Engineering
        Production Engineering
        Mechatronics Engineering
        Design and Development in Mechanical
         Engineering
        Combustion Engines
        Power-train Technology
        Aerospace Engineering

    Duration of Master’s courses in Germany may
vary between 1 and half to 2 years depending on
the type of university. In most of the Technical
Universities its 2 years and in School of Applied
Studies mostly it is 1 and half years.

Entry requirements for higher education
in Germany:

         Applying for any course in a German
University is very straight forward and hassle free.
All international students applying for English
taught Master’s course in German universities is
required to prove their English language capability,
with a good TOEFL or IELTS score. Although, the
courses are offered completely in English, its
highly advised for students to learn German up to
intermediate proficiency in both speaking and
writing, which will help students socialize and
more importantly increase their prospects in
search of Projects and Jobs. GRE is not mandatory
for most of the universities, but considering the
increase in competition it could well decide your
fate. Any paper presentations or involvement in
some research activities could boost your profile.
So, all my fellow juniors at DSCE, I would like to
wish you all a great fun and success during your
bachelors and also for your future prospects. With
my above article I have tried to share some
information about higher education in Germany,
which I hope would be useful for all those who
wish to study further in Germany. If any of you
want to get more information on the same you
could contact me any time and I would be more
than pleased to help you out.

I would like to thank Prof. Dr.C.P.S Prakash for
providing me an opportunity to share my thoughts
about higher education in Germany.
Wish you all success.
                                Rajath M. Shenoi
               (Alumni: DSCE Mechanical Engg.- 2005)
                                   Graduate Student
                             RWTH Aachen University
                                           Germany
                     Email: rajathshenoi@gmail.com




                                                       11
F-1 in INDIA!!!                                              200,000. The track in all has 16 largely medium
                                                             speed corners where F1 cars will lap at an average
                                                             speed of 210 km/h. The back straight will let F1
                                                             cars reach 320 km/h making it one of the fastest
                                                             tracks in the world. The expected F1 car lap time is
                                                             1 minute 27 seconds.

                                                             Technical specifications:

                                                             Engine

                                                             The 2006 Formula One season saw the (FIA)
                                                             introduce the current engine formula, which
                                                             mandated cars to be powered by 2.4
                                                             liters naturally aspirated engines in the V8
                                                             engine configuration.       Further        technical
                                                             restrictions have also been introduced with the
                                                             new 2.4 L V8 formula to prevent the teams from
                                                             achieving higher RPM and horsepower too quickly.
Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and               The 2009 season limited engines to 18,000 rpm, in
referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World          order to improve engine reliability and cut costs.
Championship, is the highest class of single
seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération              Transmission
Internationale      de     l'Automobile (FIA).  The
"formula" designation in the name refers to a set            Formula           One        cars         use semi-
of rules with which all participants' cars must              automatic sequential gearboxes, with regulations
comply. The F1 season consists of a series of races,         stating a 4–7 forward gears and 1 reverse gear,
known as Grand Prix (in English, Grand Prizes),              using rear wheel drive. The gearbox is constructed
held on purpose-built circuits and public roads.             of carbon titanium, as heat dissipation is a critical
The results of each race are combined to                     issue, and is bolted onto the back of the engine.
determine two annual World Championships, one                Fully automatic gearboxes and systems such as
for the drivers and one for the constructors, with           launch control and traction control, are illegal, to
racing drivers, constructor teams, track officials,          keep driver skill important in controlling the car.
organizers, and circuits required to be holders of           The driver initiates gear changes using paddles
valid Super Licenses, the highest class of racing            mounted on the back of the steering wheel
license issued by the FIA.                                   and electro-hydraulics perform the actual change
                                                             as well as throttle control.
Formula One cars are considered to be the fastest
circuit-racing cars in the world, owing to very high         Steering wheel
cornering speeds achieved through the generation
of large amounts of aerodynamic down force.                  The driver has the ability to fine tune many
Formula One cars race at speeds of up to                     elements of the race car from within the machine
360 km/h (220 mph) with engines limited in                   using the steering wheel. The wheel can be used
performance to a maximum of 18,000 revolutions               to change gears, apply rev. limiter, adjust fuel/air
per minute.                                                  mix, change brake pressure, and call the radio.
                                                             Data such as engine rpm, lap times, speed, and
Buddh International circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar          gear is displayed on an LCD screen. The wheel
Pradesh, India, built at a cost of about 10 billion          alone can cost about £25,000 and with carbon
has a length of 5.14 km and an area of 875 acres             fiber construction, weighs in at 1.3 kilograms.
(354ha). Seating capacity is initially expected to be
110,00 with provisions to increase it later to

                                                        12
Brakes                                                      Kinetic Energy Recovery System(KERS)

Disc brakes consist of a rotor and caliper at each          The boost systems known as Kinetic Energy
wheel. Carbon composite rotors are used instead             Recovery System (KERS).These devices recover the
of steel or cast iron because of their superior             kinetic energy created by the car's braking process.
frictional, thermal, and anti-warping properties, as        They store that energy and convert it into power
well as significant weight savings. These brakes are        that can be called upon to boost acceleration.
designed and manufactured to work in extreme                KERS adds 80 HP / lap(approx.) and weighs only
temperatures, up to 1,000 degrees Celsius . An              35 kg
average F1 car can decelerate from 100 to 0 km/h
                                                            Top speeds
in about 15 meters .!!
                                                            Top speeds are in practice limited by the longest
Performance
                                                            straight at the track and by the need to balance
Grand Prix cars and the cutting edge technology             the car's aerodynamic configuration between high
that constitute them produce an unprecedented               straight line speed (low aerodynamic drag) and
combination of outright speed and quickness for             high cornering speed to achieve the fastest lap
the drivers. Every F1 car on the grid is capable of         time. Off late some teams have achieved a top
going from 0 to 160 km/h and back to 0 in less              speed of about 370 KMPH!!
than five seconds.
                                                            Source: InternetBy
The combination of light weight (640 kg in race
                                                                                                Vikram Rao B
trim for 2011), power (950 bhp with the 3.0 L V10,
                                                                                                 7th semester
with the 2007 regulation 2.4 L V8), aerodynamics,
and ultra-high performance tyres is what gives the
F1 car its performance figures. The principal
consideration for F1 designers is acceleration, and
not simply top speed. Acceleration is not just
linear forward acceleration, but three types of
acceleration can be considered for an F1 car's, and
all cars' in general, performance

Acceleration
The 2006 F1 cars have a power-to-weight ratio of
1,250 hp/t Theoretically this would allow the car
to reach 100 km/h (60 mph) in less than 1 second.
However the massive power cannot be converted
to motion at low speeds due to traction loss and
the usual figure is 2 seconds to reach 100 km/h
(60 mph). After about 130 km/h (80 mph) traction
loss is minimal due to the combined effect of the
car moving faster and the down force, hence the
car continues accelerating at a very high rate. The
figures are

   0 to 100 km/h: 1.7 seconds

   0 to 200 km/h: 3.8 seconds

   0 to 300 km/h: 8.6 seconds*




                                                       13
HARISH HANDE – THE                                   Social Entrepreneurship and the Nand & Jeet
ILLUMINATOR                                          Khemka Foundation. He was also the
                                                     featured attendee and speaker at the Clinton
                                                     Global Initiative 2007.

                                                     In 2008, Harish Hande was chosen
                                                     by Business Today as one of the 21 young
                                                     leaders for India’s 21st century. In mid
                                                     2008, India Today named him as one of the
                                                     50 pioneers of change in India.

                                                     He      was      awarded      with       Asia's
                                                     prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for
                                                     2011, also sometimes referred to as Asia's
                                                     Nobel Prize, for “his pragmatic efforts to put
                                                     solar power technology in the hands of the
                                                     poor, through his social enterprise SELCO
                Dr. Harish Hande
                                                     INDIA”
         Managing Director of SELCO India
                                                                                      Suhas Murali
                                                                                        th
Harish    Hande was born in Handattu,                                                  7 semester

Kundapura taluk, Udupi district, Karnataka
and raised in Rourkela, Orissa, India. After
completing his basic schooling in Orissa, he
went to IIT Kharagpur for his undergraduate
studies in Energy Engineering. He then went
to the U.S. to do his Master’s and later PhD.
in Energy Engineering at the University of
Massachusetts, Lowell

Harish Hande co-founded SELCO INDIA (in
1995), a social enterprise to eradicate
poverty      by     promoting  sustainable
technologies in rural India. With its
headquarters in Bangalore, SELCO has 25
branches in Karnataka and Gujarat. Today
SELCO INDIA has installed solar lighting
systems in over 120,000 households in the
rural areas of these states.

Harish Hande has won the Ashden Award for
Sustainable Energy 2005 and Tech Museum
Award 2005. Harish has also received the
world’s leading green energy award
from Prince Charles in 2005. In 2007 SELCO
INDIA won the Outstanding Achievement
Award from Ashden Awards. The award was
presented by Al Gore, former Vice President
of the United States of America. Harish
Hande was named the Social Entrepreneur of
the Year 2007 by the Schwab Foundation for


                                                14
Kinetic Energy Recovery                                accumulate hydraulic pressure which is then sent
         Systems (KERS)                                     to the wheels when required




         The Kinetic Energy Recovery System is
explained to the audience. Motorsport Business
Forum, Grimaldi Forum, Monte Carlo, Monaco. 5-6
December 2007. World © Sutton High voltage
KERS warning sticker on the Honda air box.
Formula One Testing 17-19 September 2008. Jerez,
Spain. Flybrid Systems' flywheel-based KERS unit.
Auto sport International Show, NEC, Birmingham,
England, Day One, 8 January 2009

                                                            How is the stored energy released by the driver?
                                                            The regulations stipulate that the release must be
                                                            completely under the driver’s control. There is a
                                                            boost button on the steering wheel which can be
                                                            pressed by the driver.



.
What is KERS?

         The acronym KERS stands for Kinetic
Energy Recovery System. The device recovers the
kinetic energy that is present in the waste heat
created by the car’s braking process. It stores that
energy and converts itinto power that can be
called upon to boost acceleration.

How does it work?

There are principally two types of system - battery         Why was KERS introduced?
(electrical) and flywheel (mechanical). Electrical
systems use a motor-generator incorporated in the           The aims are twofold. Firstly to promote
car’s       transmission      which        converts         thedevelopment of environmentally friendly and
mechanicalenergy into electrical energy and vice            road Car-relevant technologies in Formula One
versa. Once the energy has been harnessed, it is            racing;and secondly to aid overtaking. A chasing
stored in a battery and released when                       driver can usehis boost button to help him pass
required.Mechanical systems capture braking                 the car in front, while the leading driver can use
energy and use it to turn a small flywheel which            his boost button to escape. In line with the
can spin at up to 80,000 rpm. When extra power is           regulations, there are limits on the device’s use
required, the flywheel is connected to the                  and therefore tactics - when and where to use the
car’srear wheels. Incontrast to an electrical KERS,         KERS energy - come into play.
the mechanical energy doesn’t change state and is
                                                                                                   Ritesh Dixit
therefore more efficient.
                                                                                           7th Sem Mechanical
         There is one other option available -
hydraulic KERS, where braking energy is used to

                                                       15
The Green Ride                                       the city light and easy, and MiraQua’s small
                                                                footprint helps with this even more. Parking into a
                   -Supreeth GVattam                            small space is not uncomfortable for the driver at
                                          5th sem
                                                                all and it reversely contributes back in reserving
                                                                precious urban space. The passengers can get in
Whenever we step out of our house, we always                    and out conveniently via the front. The usable
see vehicles around us. Vehicles that gulp in gallons           floor area is about 1.9 by 0.6 meters, makes the
of fuel and help us to get to a certain destination.            small vehicle capable of shipping large articles,
The dependent of humans on these means of                       even a bike. And handling it in and out is too easy.
transport is comparable to the dependence of fish
on water, just like the fish won't be able to live
without water, we humans would not be able to
live without transportation. But today this
dependence on transportation has made us the
slaves to an entity called “Crude oil” which intern
is ruining the greatest gift that we have got i.e.
“Mother Earth”. Everyone has read about the
damage the Green house gases are doing on the
environment. The fact that it even threatens to cut
short human life. The fact that carbon emissions
from such vehicles are also increasing global                   Need: The number of private vehicles is increasing,
warming. The ill effects doesn't end here, when we              and they are often used by only 1 or 2 passengers.
look at it to serve us for the future, it fails totally,        These facts also apply to many other developing or
according to the “EU Emery policy blog” which                   developed countries. The aim is to contain
reveals to us the startling fact that these fuels               adequate sense of uniqueness, pride and
wouldn’t last a century, the generations to come                satisfaction into a small vehicle package, tailored
by would be left with such stories of the these                 for city residents. In does not only enhance
fuels rather than the fuel itself.                              people’s life quality, but also encourage the use of
                                                                green energy. The name MiraQua is combined with
Well that about the ill-effects of this not so                  ‘miracle’ and ‘aqua’. It implies in the future cities,
wonderful thing called “crudeoil”.                              each one of these small EV represents a water
                                                                droplet, the traffic network would be running
When it comes to megacities, there is one                       smoothly as a water stream network, efficiently
common thing among all of them, from New York                   bring       people       from       A      to       B.
to New Delhi and from Moscow to Mumbai, Traffic
congestion has always been an unsolvable
problem. Globally the traffic density in urban hubs
is increasing at alarming rates and the respective
governments are unable to curb the growth inspite
of installing world class “Intra city mass transit
systems”. To sum it up world is facing serious
threat from crudeoil and traffic congestion and
one has to come up with a solution which is going
to solve both the problems.                                     The fact that the entire front sectionof the car
                                                                opens up allows for drivers to put large packages
A genius Chinese engineer “ChaoyiLi” has come up                such as bicycles inside the car. Not bad, we think
with an interesting design which will solve both                you’ll agree, for a tiny car. Being so small and
these problems with a single solution which is                  functional means that the car is expected to be a
“MiraQua”                                                       big hit with city dwellers. The fact that it’s zero
MiraQua is a compact EV that adopts in-wheel-                   emission is just icing on the cake. With this I just
motor and drive-by-wire technologies. Free from                 wish to conclude with a quote from the“Dalai
conventional vehicle layout, it lets passengers to              Llama” which reflects the mistakes on part of the
ingress & ampegress via one large asymmetrical                  humans about living for thefuture and forgetting
frontgate. Accessing the rear seats when a front                the present
seat is stowed up. Sounds strange? Flip to look at                .
the benefits. Electric drive train makes driving in


                                                           16
An Expo to Remember                                          which itself is connected to the frame of the bike.
                                                             A yoke is connected between the cross member of
                                -    Vivek Harsha            the forks and frame of the bike using a ball joint.
                                                             When you hit a bump with telelever, the
                                                             suspension forces are transmitted through the ball
The Auto Expo 2011 conducted by the Times                    joint, across the link and up through the shock unit
Group in the month of August was a special one               into the frame of the bike. The design of the
for the college, the mechanical department and for           Telelever effectively reduces dive under braking.
the four of us who were privileged to present a              Since diving under braking is less, it is not required
project at the event. We were one of five colleges           to design a separate anti-dive mechanism. Another
that were called upon to display our projects and            benefit is that the forces acting on the steering
showcase our abilities over the four days. There             head bearings are drastically reduced. In fact with
were some really good projects on display, amidst            telelever, one has to get used to the concept of
all the fancy as well as the vintage cars and bikes.         braking without the bike diving at the front.

                                                             Along with our project there were other unique
The project on display from our college was the
                                                             ventures by other reputed colleges. One of them
Telelever Suspension. It is a very unique and old
                                                             was an Effi-cycle, which is a three wheel cycle that
school mechanism used in the old BSA bikes which
                                                             is chain driven. It includes a gear system which was
has all but died down under the overwhelming
                                                             quite unique and a very small differential at the
usage of the modern mechanisms like telescopic
                                                             back. Then there were gearless bikes that ran on
suspension.The problem with telescopic fork
                                                             diesel using a bullet engine and also on
suspension is that all the forces acting on the front
                                                             compressed air.
of the bike are transmitted to the handlebars. The
telelever overcomes this aspect and applies
opposing forces and allows the front part to take
on a lot of weight during braking and hard

cornering without traditional fork dive. This means
we can handle much rougher roads and brake
harder without upsetting the chassis like
conventional forks. With telelever, there is a single
shock unit in place of the telescopic forks.
Telelever has front forks, but their primary                  Apart from the project displays, the other sights
function is to make a stiff frame for the front              and sounds of the Expo included a host of
wheel to sit in, and to allow the rider to steer the         companies showcasing their bestworks in the field
bike. The telelever fork unit is connected to a link         of automobile, which was a huge crowd puller.

                                                        17
However, amongst all the cars and bikes on               All in all I would like to thank the Head of the
display, the show stopper of the event was the           Mechanical Department Dr. CPS Prakash for the
Nissan 370Z. Its sheer presence and sleek looks          opportunity. Also, our faculty advisor VR
were enough to lure people to the expo. The              Srinivasanwho guided us through the event with
modern marvels were very creatively mixed with           complete faith. Finally, I thank the three friends
vintage collection of bikes and cars ranging from        who accompanied me through this amazing
the Chevrolets, Jaguars to the Morris Minor and          journey Sumukha H.S, Rajath Martin and Rushi
the old fashioned Jeep, which drew its own set of        Ganapathi without whom the journey would not
admirers. The other aspects of the event were the        have been as memorable as it is.
safety test track which amused a few people and
of course the stunt show that was conducted by
the best bikers in the country.




                                                    18
DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES




          19
Parent - teacher meet held on 3.10.2011




HOD Mechanical Engineering, Dr.C.P.S Prakash, addressing parents during the meet




                     Group photo on the occasion of meeting




                                      20
Visit of delegation from General Motors to the Department headed by
      Dr.Christian Schoenherr, Director, Vehicle Integration, GM




                 Dr. Christian Schoenherr with the students of mechanical engineering




                       HOD familiarizing delegates with facilities at department




                                                  21
Inauguration of new basic workshop and addition of facilities




      Sri.Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI, inaugurating the new workshop facilities at new automobile block DSCE




    View of new workshop facility                                Group picture of teaching and non-teaching
                                                               Faculties of Mechanical Engineering department
                                                      22
New Basic Workshop                             Inauguration of hydraulic hacksaw




                     Inauguration of new UTM


                               23
Ayudha pooja was celebrated on 3.10.11




HOD handing over token of respect to Sri. Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI                 HOD garlanding Dr. Hemachandra Sagar, Chairman, DSI




                                                    HOD garlanding Sri. Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI


                                                                         24
Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended




Sl.
           Name of the Faculty            Title of the Event                  Type of Event                        Details of Publication
No

1                                 Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm                                    th        st
                                                                   AICTE-MHRD Sponsored Summer    27 June – 1 July 2011Dept. of Applied Mechanics and
      Shridhar Kurse              with Wavelet Transformation in
                                                                   School                         Hydraulics, NIT, Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore
                                  Civil Engineering

2                                                                                                  th    th
                                                                                                  8 & 9 June 2011,
      Narasimhe Gowda             NCETME 2011                      National Conference
                                                                                                  MSRIT, Bangalore

                                                                   AICTE Sponsored Staff          18/07/2011 – 30/07/2011, Acharya Institute of
3     Sunil Magadum               Sensors and Robotics
                                                                   Development Program            Technology, Bangalore
                                                                                                  19/07/2011 – 22/07/2011, Zeus Numerix,
                                  Computational Fluid Dynamics:
      Kalyan Chakravarthy                                          4 Days Workshop                Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy Human Resource Development
                                  Design & Analysis
4                                                                                                 Institute, Hyderabad, India

5                                 Optimization Applications in     AICTE Sponsored 5 days Short
      Mrs. Aruna Devi. M                                                                          03/10/2011 – 07/10/2011, IIT, Madras
                                  Mechanical Engineering           Term Training Programme




                                                                         25
Papers Published in Conference/Workshops/Seminars


Sl.
      Name of the Faculty   Title of the Paper Published                                 Type of Event             Details of Publication
No.

                            Influence of SIC Filler Addition of Wear Behavior
1
                            of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite


                            Effect of alumina filler on tensile behavior of
2     Haseebuddin. M. R
                            carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

                                                                                                                     th    th
                                                                                                                   19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL Institute of
                            Modeling and analysis of elastic properties of      International Conference (ICMA –
3                                                                                                                  Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India &
                            polypropylene fiber matrix composite                              2011)
                                                                                                                   the University of Delaware, Delaware, USA


                            Moisture Absorption Effects on the Mechanical
4     Suresh. E
                            Properties of Epoxy Nano Composites


                            Trajectory Tracking of a 3 – dof articulated Arm
5     Sunil Magadum
                            by Inverse Kinematics using Jacobian Solutions




                                                                          26
Student paper presented at conference/workshops/seminars/technical
                                     symposia
Sl.     Names of Student
                           Names of the Guides                   Title of Paper                    Type of Event                Details of Paper
No.        Authors

                            Dr. C. P. S. Prakash     Structural Optimization of Airframe of
1        Abhinandan. M
                                                     Micro Air Vehicle and its Development


                                                     Investigation of Flexural Properties of
2         Ankita Sagar       Mrs. Aruna Devi           Silica Fume Reinforced particulate
                                                                  Composites


                                                    A Novel Approach for Manufacture of
                             Prof. Prabhakar
3         Nagababu. G                               Anchoring System in Aircraft Assembly                                  th    th
                               Kuppahalli                                                                               19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL
                                                   and Development of Corresponding Tools           International
                                                                                                                      Institute of Technology, Bangalore,
                                                                                                 Conference (ICMA –
                                                                                                                      Karnataka, India & the University of
                                                                                                        2011)
                                                                                                                            Delaware, Delaware, USA
                                                   Impact Damage Resistance of Composite
4       Manjunath. S. B    Shivashankar Srivatsa
                                                        Laminates and Curved Panels



                                                   Modeling and analysis of elastic properties
5          Anil Kumar       Haseebuddin. M. R
                                                    of polypropylene fiber matrix composite


                                                    Influence of SIC filler additions on wear
6       Shanth Kumar. B     Haseebuddin. M. R      behavior of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy
                                                                  composites




                                                                          27
Sl.   Names of Student
                           Names of the Guides                 Title of Paper                   Type of Event                Details of Paper
No.      Authors

                                                 Finite Element Analysis of Chip Formation
7       Chethan. C. M        Dr. Bhaskar Pal
                                                              during Grinding


                                                 Trajectory Tracking of a 3-DOF Articulated
8       Sridhar. M. P        Sunil Magadum       Arm by Inverse Kinematics Using Jacobian
                                                                 Solutions


                                                 Study of Forward Kinematics and Jacobian
9     Shivaprakash B.C.      Dr. Bhaskar pal
                                                       of Two Axis Polar Mechanism


                                                    Effect of Aluminum Filler on Tensile
10       Eshwari. N        M. R. Haseebuddin       Behaviour of Carbon Fiber Reinforced                                 th    th
                                                                                                                     19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL
                                                              Epoxy Composites                   International
                                                                                                                   Institute of Technology, Bangalore,
                                                                                              Conference (ICMA –
                                                                                                                   Karnataka, India & the University of
                                                                                                     2011)
                                                                                                                         Delaware, Delaware, USA


                                                   Modeling and Simulation of a Vehicle
11    Mallinath R Shetty    Shridhar U Kurse
                                                           Suspension System




                                                 Finite Element Modeling for Vibration and
12     Sreenivasa. S. T     Narasimhe Gowda         Dynamics Analysis of an Automotive
                                                                  Wheel


                                Dr. H.V.         Impact Damage Resistance of Composite
13     Sathyajith Ullal
                            Lakshminarayana           Laminates and Curved Panel


                                                                        28
Optimization of Line Design for Piston Rod
    14           Vikas. A         A.Shantharam
                                                                     Manufacturing Process
                                                                                                           National Conference on       th      th
                                                                                                                                      29 & 30 September 2011, PESIT,
                                                                                                           “Trends and Advances in
                                                                                                                                               Bangalore
                                                             Analytical Study of Elastic Properties of       manufacturing Engg”
    15       Anil Kumar. T. A     M. R. Haseebuddin         the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite
                                                                   by Finite Element Method




                            Student Project Exhibition at International/National
                                conference/workshops/technical symposia
Sl.      Names of Project
                                Names of the Guides               Title of Project                       Prize Won           Details of Paper
No.      Students


1        Sumukha.H.S
         1DS07ME104
                                                                                                                             Auto Show, organized by Times of India
                                     Mr. V. R. Srinivasan         Tele Lever Suspension System           Participation       25/08/2011 – 28/08/2011, Palace Grounds,
                                                                                                                             Bangalore
2)       Vivek Harsha
         1DS08ME118




                                                                                     29
Student site visit/technical tours conducted
Sl.
        Name of the Place Visited                                Names of Coordinators                    Place of Visit     Date
No.
1       Bangalore Metallurgicals                                 Vivek Bhandarkar                         Bangalore          24/08/2011

2       Rapsri Industries                                        Vivek Bhandarkar                         Bangalore          17/09/2011

3       Billforge Pvt. Ltd                                       M. K. Venkatesh                          Bangalore          24/09/2011



                                                           Invited special lecturer
Sl.     Name of the Invited         Background Industry/
                                                             Title of the Subject                               Date            Venue
No      Scholar with full address   Academic/R&D

                                                             Dimensionless Group and Performance
1       Dr. G R. Srinivasa          Academic                                                                    09/09/2011      C. D. Sagar Auditorium
                                                             Characteristics of Thermal Turbo Machines


                                                             What next after             Graduation   –   An
2       Shri. B. S. Govind          Industry                                                                    16/09/2011      Mechanical Department
                                                             Interactive Session


1)    Dr. H. V. Lakshminaryana, Professor gave a Keynote Lecture on Impact Damage Resistance, Response, Damage Tol erance of Composite Structures –
      Prediction and Verification on 19/08/2011.
                        th                         th
2)    CIL Training for 4 Semester Students on 19 September 2011
3)    Mr. Shivakumar. V, Sumukha. H. S, Wagish S Lonikar, Patel Parth. R, Ravi Ranjan & Sagar. B. S participated in the 3 Da y National Seminar on Advances in
                                                                 nd     th
      Manufacturing Sciences, Technology & Techmart held on 22 – 24 September 2011 at Bangalore International Exhibition Centre, Tumkur Road, Bangalore,
      India
4)    Dr. H. V. Lakshminarayana, Professor gave a talk on “Integration of CAE Tools for Innovation in Product Design and Manufacture” in ANSYS Academic User
      Conference on 13/10/2011 in Hotel Sheraton at Brigade Gateway, Bangalore.
5)    Prof. Shivashankar R Srivatsa, Asst. Prof. attended Conference on “Integration of CAE Tools for Innovation in Product Design and Manufacture” in ANSYS
      Academic User Conference on 13/10/2011 in Hotel Sheraton at Brigade Gateway, Bangalore.


                                                                                    30
Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended
Sl.
                Name                Title of the Event             Type of Event                     Details of Publication
No
1           Anil Kumar. S

2           Sachin Janna

3          Gujuraj Tandel

4          Pavan Kumar. V

5     Muhammed Aslam Ahmed

6             Prasad. P

7          Puneeth Kumar

8     Jebin Abraham Pullukalayil
                                                         One Day National Workshop on Tribo     th
                                    ADITECH – 2011                                            14 October 2011, BIT, Bangalore
9             Vinod. K                                             Technologies

10         Balasaheb Patil

11         Phalguna. B. N

12        Nitesh Bhaskar. N

13             Yuvraj

14    Chennappa. H. Korishetti

15           Pradeep. S

16        Prashant Betgeri


                                                          31
Industrial visits pictures




     Metallurgical Exhibition at Bangalore             Visit to Rapsri Engineering Industries by 3rdsem
International Exhibition Centre on 22/09/2011 –                       students 17/09/2011
                  24/09/2011




       Bangalore Metallurgical                                              BillforgePvt. Ltd.
                                                  32
Published By




Department of Mechanical Engineering
Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering
S.M.Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout
Bangalore – 560078, Karnataka, India
www.dscemech.com

Editor in Chief
Dr. C.P.S. Prakash
Prof. and HOD
Department of
Mechanical Engineering

Editor
Mr. Haseebuddin M.R.
Lecturer
Department of
Mechanical Engineering

Editorial Team
Mr. Chidambaram G, 4th year BE
Mr. Puneeth M S, 4th year BE
Mr. Rajath Martin, 4th year BE
Mr. Shesha Sai B A, 4th year BE




                                        33

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Yantra 2011 autumn

  • 1. 228 i
  • 2. About the Department The Department of Mechanical Engineering started in the year 1979, has now grown into a full-fledged Department offering undergraduate and Post Graduate courses in Mechanical Engineering with the present intake of 120 students. The Department also offers two Post Graduate courses, M.Tech. in Design Engineering and M.Tech. in Computer Integrated Manufacturing. There has been a significant improvement in quality, stature, infrastructure and other facilities. The department is a recognized Research Centre under VTU and 8 research scholars are working for their Doctoral research. The department has to its credit many funded projects from leading organisation like AICTE, Naval Research Board, Institution of Engineers, etc. The department has so far graduated more than 4200 Mechanical Engineers who are contributing significantly to the development and running of various public and private organizations in India and abroad in the fields of Academics, Research, Industrial and Social sector. The Department of Mechanical Engineering is Accredited for 5 years by National Board of Accreditation (NBA), New Delhi. ii
  • 3. Message Dr. C. P. S. Prakash Professor and Head Department of Mechanical Engineering It is a matter of Pride that we are bringing out Department Newsletter “YANTRA 20XI”AUTUMN ISSUE. I heartily congratulate the student editorial team for all the effort. The department is embarking upon lot of new Initiatives to reach a mark of Academic Excellence. There has been a total turn around in the department, with lot of new academic initiatives being launched. A greater focus is given for industry- institution interaction by way of industrial visits, technical talks by industry experts, etc. I wish this trend will only develop to make our department one of the best in the country. I thank Vice Principal & Principal, DSCE, Secretary, DSI, and Dr. Premachandra Sagar, Vice Chairman & CEO, DSI, for supporting the Department in its growth towards excellence. iii
  • 4. CFD Study for Geometrical Optimization of a Special Purpose contents 01 Carburettor Advanced Electro hydraulic systems for Material testing 05 Cell phone Radiation may alter Brain 06 Landing Gear: The Ultimate Shock Absorber 07 A Billion+ Intentional Law Breakers V/S LOKPAL 09 Germany – the hub of quality education for Mechanical Engineers 10 F-1 in India !! 12 Harish Hande – the illuminator 14 Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) 15 The Green Ride 16 An Expo to remember 17 DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES 19 Parent - teacher meet held on 3.10.2011 20 Delegates’ visit 21 Inauguration of new basic workshop and addition of facilities 22 Ayudha pooja was celebrated on 3.10.11 24 Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended 25 Papers Published in Conference/Workshops/Seminars 26 Student paper presented at 27 conference/workshops/seminars/technical symposia Student Project Exhibition at International/National 29 conference/workshops/technical symposia Student site visit/technical tours conducted 30 Invited special lecturer 30 Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended 31 Industrial visit 32 Credits 33 iv
  • 5. CFD Study for Geometrical Introduction Optimization of a Special Purpose Carburetor for Application with Mixing devices for gases used in gas engines generally GaseousFuels of Low Energy Referred to as carburetor, for mixing air and gaseous fuels are commonly attached to the intake manifold of an internal Density at Low Operating combustion engine. In gas carburetor the mixing of air and Pressures gaseous fuels needs to be in a proper ratio for particular 1 2 demand of the engine. In the current state of technological Arunkumar KH , and Rajan N K S 1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. DSCE, Bangalore. advances, it is recognized that Biomass is one of the 2 Research Scientist, CGPL, IISC, Bangalore viable and sustainable renewable resources and new Email: nksr@cgpl.iisc.ernet.in technologies emerging out of biomass based gasification systems find a significant role in bridging the energy crisis. The advanced biomass gasification systems Abstract are known to generate producer gas as the combustible Design of a gas carburetor for application with Gases of low fuel that is clean enough to be used in gas engines. energy density such as Producer Gas, Coal gas And Syngas However in order to use the standard gas engines some with a special requirement for low pressure loss is of its components need modifications before they are used to considered for its geometrical and performance handle this gaseous fuel. Since this technology is an optimization. The device is meant for generation of an emerging one and is yet to be disseminated in the scale of optimal air-fuel mixture to meet varying load conditions driving market, it is essential that components which of the engine and at varying supply pressure of the fuel. require modifications need be studied and standardized. More critically the application is to address either a Carburetor is one of the important components in such positive or negative incoming pressure of the fuel line category and it is identified that additional research work and to allow for seamless operation under such is to be carried out in Establishing a design procedure for conditions. A set of geometrical configurations of the this application. The work presented here is an effort in this specially designed carburetor is comprehensively analyzed regard. Air/fuel ratio characteristic exert a large influence for its mixing performance and pressure losses in the on exhaust emission and fuel economy in Internal device with CFD modeling using a commercially available Combustion engine. With increasing demand for high fuel industry standard 3-D RANS code. It is observed that efficiency and low emission, the need to supply the engine currently there are no carburetors being produced cylinders with a well-defined stoichiometry mixture under all commercially that meet these requirements. Some of circumstances has become more essential for better the concepts evolved [1] are attempted to be optimized and engine performance. Carburetors are in general defined as to standardize them as well. In the prevailing state of devices where a flow induce Pressure drop forces a fuel flow technology, it is found that development of such a into the air stream. An ideal carburetor would provide a carburetor for use with low energy density fuels at low mixture of appropriate air-fuel (A/F) ratio to the engine working pressures is essential in addressing the over its entire range of operation from no load to full technology gap. The CFD simulation model is made up load conditions. To ensure proper industrial dissemination of a mixing chamber that has orifices for air and fuel these special Carburetors should be reproducible and inlets to generate a stable stoichiometric mixture and should have standardized operating procedures. 3-D RANS work close to ambient conditions. The modeling gas CFD code is used for the flow analysis and a computational provided a good insight into the flow details and has model with suitable mesh is generated. The k-ε turbulence paved way in optimization of geometrical design to get a model is considered to be the optimal model for the case good mixing efficiency and with least pressure drop. considered. The geometric models are built using Catia-V5 geometric modeling code used. Key Words: Carburettor, IC Engine, Stoichiometry, CFD, Turbulence, Low Energy Density Fuels. 2. Geometric Modelling and Meshing Some of the prime factors considered in designing the carburetor are simplicity and ruggedness as basic requirements that would achieve reproducible and good 1
  • 6. performance. The air and fuel flow through orifices 4. CFD Analysis entering into a mixing chamber of the carburetor enables As mentioned earlier, primary concept of this carburetor is to produce stoichiometric ratio with good mixing of air taken from the earlier reported work [1,2].This work addresses and gas. Carburetor is being designed to have air and the geometrical and design optimization of this design fuel flow near ambient conditions of working pressure. concept. The CFD simulations are carried out on the The carburetor is as shown in the Fig.1 and it has carburetor geometric models as shown in Fig.4. The air orifices at air and fuel inlets such that the A/F ratio at and fuel pass through inlet ducts of size 50mm X 50 mm. ambient flow condition should maintained stoichiometry The air inlet is kept tangential and fuel inlet radial to the for a 25 kW engine. The amount of fuel flow inside the cylindrical mixing chamber. Air and fuel enter into the mixing carburetor is controlled by butterfly valves which are chamber through orifices of sizes of 28 mm and 26.5 mm located prior to the air and fuel inlet orifices. The diameters, respectively. Fig.5 shows the fuel mass fraction pressure balancing electronic control module drives contours, air mass fractions, streamline plots and velocity suitably the butterfly valve with the help of a DC motor vector plots at different cross sectional planes. From the that brings the valves for a null pressure differential analysis, it can be seen that the mixing of fuel and air in across the manifolds of the fuel and air. In a practical the carburetor is occurring fairly well and rendering the system, the variation of air-fuel ratios are indicated by a variation in mass fraction at the exit nearly to be within differential pressure sensor and the valve movements are 2% considered to be good enough for a premixed controlled based on this feedback towards maintaining combustion in the engine. The velocity at outlet is the stoichiometric air- fuel ratio. A detailed concept of designed to be below 10m/s, Re works out to be 35055 and the first generation carburetor based on this working pressure drop across the carburetor is found be about 116 principle is brought out in earlier reported work [1,2]. A Pa. In the previous works on carburetor analysis it is reported work [3] also mentions the need for homogeneity noticed that there is considerable pressure drop at the in mixing and maintenance of the air-fuel ratio in the gas outlet. Efforts are made to reduce the pressure drop and carburetors. In order to overcome the problems associated to achieve the proper mass fraction by changing the air with the use of zero pressure regulators and to maintain ° ° ° ° inlet position (15 , 30 , 45 and 60 ) and Figure 5.1 shows the the stoichiometry A/F mixture, carburetor uses the orifices contour plots for the variation of mass fraction, pressure at both air and gas lines. Orifices are designed based on variation in the existing carburetor domain. Further the mass flow rate of the gas required for IC engine. Fig.3 analysis is carried out to study the impact of change in shows the orifice meter for air and fuel control. Continuous °, ° ° the position of air inlet (by changing it to 15 30 , 45 and hexahedron meshed model considered for CFD analysis ° 60 with respect to the original tangential position) and by and which is shown in Fig.4.1, with 1.4lakh changing the diameter of the outlet. The contour plots for computational nodes. different air inlet positions is shown in figures 5.2 and 5.3 3. Governing Equations and the Boundary 5. Results Conditions The Fig 5.4(a) shows the percentage variation air mass For the present flow analysis the 3D RANS equations have fraction with different air inlet position consider full mass been considered. The Reynolds–Averaged Navier–Stocks flow condition and without valve control and Fig 5.4(b) shows Equations are solved for steady, single phase and viscous the pressure variation along the length of the carburetor for flow. A 3 Dimensional RANS code having upwinding different air inlet positions. From these plots one can implicit scheme and k–ε approach for turbulence is used notice that for air inlet angles 15°, 30° and 45° are suitable for obtaining numerical solution. The equations are solved to obtain the desired mixing but the pressure drops are for steady incompressible flow. The boundary and initial considerably high in these cases and are in the order of 116 conditions used include (a) no slip at the walls; (b) Assigned Pa. mass flow rate and pressures at inlet and outlet ports. The successive interactive method for the computations is In order to reduce the pressure drop across the device, a carried out to obtain converged solutions with RMS change in configuration is made with the outlet is residuals diminishing with more than 4 decade fall. increased by 1.5 times than the existing exit port of carburetor and considering the valves are fully open. 2
  • 7. Figure 5.5(a) and 5.5(b) shows the percentage variation of mass fraction and pressure variations at the exit, References respectively. From these plots one can see that air inlet o 1. T. R. Anil, S. D. Ravi, M. Shashikanth, N. K. S. Rajan, at 45 meets the requirements with lower mass fraction P.G.Tewari. “CFD Analysis of a Mixture Flow in a variation and is within 2%. The pressure drop is found to be Producer Gas Carburetor”, International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Acoustics, Heat 20 Pa and is quite acceptable. This set of results reveal the Transfer and Electromagnetics CFEMATCON-06, July optimization achieved in the geometrical configurations for 24-25, 2006, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India the concept considered. 2. T.R.Anil, P.G.Tewari, N.K.S.Rajan, An Approach for Designing of Producer Gas Carburetor for Application in Biomass based Power Generation Plants Conclusion proceedings of the national conference of NATCON The work is carried out with an objective to achieve 2004, Bangalore. optimum design for a carburetor for engine application with 3. Klimstra J, “Carburetors for Gaseous Fuels –on Air to Fuel fuels of low energy contents, mentioned earlier. 3–D ratio, Homogeneity and Flow restriction. SAE paper CFD simulations made have been able to capture the 892141 detailed functional features of fluid flow in the carburetor configurations considered. The results obtained from the computational studies provide a good insight of its functional behavior. Turbulent model based on k-ε model with a RANS code has been used for the CFD predictions of the fuel and air mass fractions and the carburetor performance has been evaluated. The Outle outcome has brought out an optimal design of the Air Inlet t carburetor that can be used for prototype testing and qualifying tests. The results indicate that there is a good mixing of the constituent gases in the geometries Mixing Chamber considered and the optimization has allowed to have reduced pressure drop of about 20 Pa. This optimization Producer gas has paved a way in overcoming multiple hardware Inlet Orifice building and testing and has allowed to get enhanced performance of the prototyping model that could lead Butterfly valve to blend suitably for the engine applications specified. Apart from the reduction in the cost function of the Fig.2: 3-D Model of producer gas carburetor design, this approach has led to provide performance border lines in the possible geometrical options giving an edge over the empirical design approach and manage to meet the constraints of the applications. These aspects of this work are considered to provide a design alternative in bridging the technology gap in the area of low energy fuel based engine applications. Fig.3: Flow Control Orifices for Producer Gas Carburetor (a) Fuel control (b) Air control Fig 1: Assembled view of the Test Rig Setup 3
  • 8. Fig 4: Model considered for Fig 4.1: Mesh Geometry Model of Carburetor Carburetor Fig 5(a) Fig 5(b) Fig 5 (a): percentage variation air mass fraction with different air inlet position consider full mass flow condition and without valve control (B) : pressure variation along the length of the carburetor for different air inlet positions Fig 5(a) . 4
  • 9. Advanced Electro hydraulic vehicle. This allows test to be completed in the systems for Material testing laboratory on a subassembly before the complete vehicle is developed. This reduces total Modern technology has advanced the development time and provides early reliability development of many new materials and products. information. The addition of the digital computer Technology in these areas has increased due to the to test system has increased testing capability in requirement of space travel, new transportation areas previously too complex for testing in the methods and advanced construction methods of laboratory. The computer has also provided many Civil Engineering structures such as buildings & new testing materials to determine complex bridges. These developments have created the properties of the material. need for new and advanced test methods of these materials and products. Electro hydraulic test Prof. Prabhakar Kuppahalli systems have provided the tools to perform tests Associate Professor to develop materials as-well-as to determine the Mechanical engineering reliability of the finished products for its end use. Industrial uses of these equipments may be divided into two categories:  Basic material research  Final product or component testing. Material research is mainly concerned with developing and testing a material for certain physical properties, such as high strength characteristics at elevated temperatures. It is responsibility of those involved in the product testing to subject a product or a component in its final geometric form to the conditions that closely simulate the end use. The two areas, material testing and product testing have different requirements and yet the tests can be completed with the same type of equipments. In many cases the test arrangement and performance requirement are difficult but the equipment is basically the same. Electro Hydraulic closed- loop systems are dedicated to producing realistic tests so materials and products can better be designed for actual service use. This requires equipment capable of reproducing a program to a high degree of accuracy as-well-as being adaptable to perform many different types of tests. These systems have been developed and proven for many types of applications. The basic principle of closed loop testing has been accepted throughout industry. For example, in automotive testing, it is possible to create a synthesized program of field condition for a complete vehicle or for a subassembly of that 5
  • 10. Cell phone radiation may alter phones limit the most radiation when they initially Brain establish contact with the cell tower making their “Digital hand shake”. To reduce exposure, it is best We are used to a culture where people to wait until after your call has been connected to cradle their cell phones next to their heads with put your cell phone next to your ear. the same constancy and affection that toddlers hold their security blanket. Doing so could alter During the ensuing conversation it is brain activities. advisable to tilt the phone to tilt the phone away from your ear when you are talking and only bring It is advised to keep cell phones at a it close to your ear when you are listening. The distance by putting them on a speaker mode or emission of radiation is significantly less when a using a wired headset whenever possible. The next cell phone is receiving signals than when it is best option is wireless Bluetooth headsets or transmitting. earpieces which limit the radiation at far lower level. If a headset isn’t feasible, holding your Also your cell phone limits less when you phone just slightly away from ear can make a big are stationery because when you are moving difference; the intensity of radiation of the rapidly- say in a car or a train – it must repeatedly radiation diminishes sharply with distance. “EVERY issue little bursts of radiation to make digital MILLIMETER COUNTS”. handshakes with different towers as it moves in and out of range. (MORE CAUSE TO HANG UP So, crushing your cell phone into your WHEN YOU BUCKLE UP). ears to hear better in a crowded bar is probably a bad idea. Go outside if you have to make or take a Any situation where your cell phone has a call. And you might not want to put your cell weak signal indicates it has to work harder and phone in your breast or pant pockets either, thus will emit more radiation. Children’s because that also puts it right up against your developing brain and tissues are thought to be body. Carry it in a purse or briefcase or get a non most vulnerable to cell phone radiation. Texting, metallic clip that orients it away from the body. instead of talking might be safer. That is, if you don’t rest your cell phone against your body while Some studies have suggested a link typing out your message. between cell phone use and cancer, Lower bone density and infertility in men. You can get an idea USE YOUR CELL PHONE WISELY AND BE HEALTHY. of the relative amounts of radiation various cell Prof. Prabhakar Kuppahalli. phone models limit by looking at their Specific Associate Professor, Absorption Rate (SAR). This number indicates how Dept. of Mechanical Engineering much radiation is absorbed by the body when DSCE, Bangalore using the handset at maximum power. A cell phone cannot be sold in the U.S unless an FCC (Federal Communication Commission) approved laboratory says its SAR is below 1-6watts/kilogram, In Europe the maximum is 2 watts/kilogram. The apple iphone 4 is listed at 1-127 watts/kilogram. The Motorola Droid at 1.5 and LG Quantum at 0.35. You may look for this number in the website of the major carriers and not from your local wireless store and it is not usually displayed in your set or the user manual either. More important than looking for the low SAR value, is how you use the cell phone. Many cell 6
  • 11. LANDING GEAR: The Ultimate off. The Concorde, for instance, had a retractable Shock Absorber tail "bumper" wheel, as delta winged aircraft need a high angle when taking off. Some aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear have a fixed How do Humans support their own tail wheel, which generates minimal drag (since weight? Well we have our indigenously built Legs most of the airflow past the tail wheel has been which act as supporting structure with Knee joint, blanketed by the fuselage) and even improves a kind of Damper. Similarly, for a humongous yaw stability in some cases. Airplane such as AIRBUS A380 (Largest Passenger Jet ever), this is by far an Aviation engineering To decrease drag in flight some undercarriages marvel of 21st century both in terms of technology retract into the wings and/or fuselage with wheels and scale of implementation into a Flying giant. flush against the surface or concealed behind Considering the size of this flying giant, it needs a doors; this is called retractable gear. If the wheels supporting structure, probably strongest of its rest protruding and partially exposed to the air kind. For this it has Undercarriage as supporting stream after being retracted, the system is called structure and Landing Gear as Damper which alone semi-retractable. supports the whole weight of the giant A380. The Airbus A340-500/-600 has an additional four- Typically wheels are used, but skids, skis, floats or wheel undercarriage bogie on the fuselage a combination of these and other elements can be centreline, much like the twin-wheel unit in the deployed, depending on the surface. Landing gear same general location. The Boeing 747, a long usually includes wheels equipped with shock time and only competitor for Airbus, has five sets absorbers for solid ground, but some aircraft are of wheels: a nose-wheel assembly and four sets of equipped with skis for snow or floats for water, four-wheel bogies. A set is located under each and/or skids or pontoons (helicopters). wing, and two inner sets are located in the The undercarriage is a relatively heavy part of the fuselage, a little rearward of the outer bogies, vehicle, it can be as much as 7% of the takeoff adding up to a total of eighteen wheels and tires. weight, but more typically is 4-5%. Wheeled The Airbus A380 also has a four-wheel bogie under undercarriages normally come in two each wing with two sets of six-wheel bogies under types: conventional or "tail dragger" the fuselage. The enormous Ukrainian Antonov undercarriage, where there are two main wheels An-225 jet cargo aircraft has one of the largest, if towards the front of the aircraft and a single, much not the largest, number of individual wheel/tire smaller, wheel or skid at the rear; or tricycle assemblies in its landing gear design - with a total undercarriage where there are two main wheels of four wheels on the twin-strut nose gear units, (or wheel assemblies) under the wings and a third and a total of 28 main gear wheel/tire units, smaller wheel in the nose. adding up to a total of 32 wheels and tires. The taildragger arrangement was common during the early propeller era, as it allows more room for propeller clearance.Most modern aircraft have tricycle undercarriages. Taildraggers are considered harder to land and take off (because the arrangement is unstable, that is, a small deviation from straight-line travel is naturally amplified by the greater drag of the main wheel which has moved farther away from the plane's centre of gravity due to the deviation), and usually require special pilot training. Sometimes a small tail wheel or skid is added to aircraft with tricycle A typical aircraft landing gear undercarriage, in case of tail strikes during take- 7
  • 12. For light aircraft a type of landing gear which is economical to produce is a simple wooden arch laminated from ash, as used on some homebuilt aircraft. A similar arched gear is often formed from spring steel. The Cessna Airmaster was among the first aircraft to use spring steel landing gear. The main advantage of such gear is that no other shock-absorbing device is needed; the deflecting leaf provides the shock absorption. There are several types of steering. Taildragger aircraft may be steered by rudder alone (depending upon the prop wash produced by the aircraft to turn it) with a Landing Gear of Antonov An-225 freely-pivoting tail wheel, or by a steering linkage with the tail wheel, or by differential braking (the use of independent brakes on opposite sides of the aircraft to turn the aircraft by slowing one side Another way of steering an aircraft is by more sharply than the other). Aircraft with tricycle Differential Braking. This depends on asymmetric landing gear usually have a steering linkage with application of the brakes on the main gear wheels the nose wheel (especially in large aircraft), but to turn the aircraft. some allow the nose wheel to pivot freely and use Malfunctions or human errors (or a combination of differential braking and/or the rudder to steer the these) related to retractable landing gear have aircraft. Some aircraft require that the pilot steer been the cause of numerous accidents and by using rudder pedals; others allow steering with incidents throughout aviation history. Belly the yoke or control stick. Some allow both. Still landing, is an accident that may result from the others have a separate control, called a tiller, used pilot simply forgetting, or failing, to lower the for steering on the ground exclusively. Some landing gear before landing or a mechanical aircraft link the yoke, control stick, or rudder malfunction that does not allow the landing gear directly to the wheel used for steering. to be lowered. On September 21, 2005, JetBlue Manipulating these controls turns the steering Airways Flight 292 successfully landed with its wheel (the nose wheel for tricycle landing gear, nose gear turned 90 degrees sideways, resulting in and the tail wheel for taildraggers). The a shower of sparks and flame after touchdown. connection may be a firm one in which any This type of incident is very uncommon as the movement of the controls turns the steering wheel nose oleo struts are designed with centering cams (and vice versa), or it may be a soft one in which a to hold the nosewheels straight until they are spring-like mechanism twists the steering wheel compressed by the weight of the aircraft. but does not force it to turn. Manjunath SB The former provides positive steering but makes it Senior Research Assistant easier to skid the steering wheel; the latter Mechanical engineering department provides softer steering (making it easy to overcontrol) but reduces the probability of skidding. Aircraft with retractable gear may disable the steering mechanism wholly or partially when the gear is retracted. 8
  • 13. A Billion+ Intentional Law supposed to pay. We’ll cut trees for expanding our Breakers V/S LOKPAL portico so that we can park our vehicles easily. We’ll tell all sort of lies to escape from work & Thinking beyond the Media either attend a function or go to a cricket match. Generated Hype called “ANNA” Phew!! The list is endless. And these are just petty things mentioned here. Think about much more Hats off to Mr. Anna Hazare!!!! grave things. Except, during the Emergency Rule (1975 - 1977), Agreed many laws are not fair & just. never in the history of Independent India had such Many laws are old and do not make sense. But proportions of general public in India unanimously that doesn’t mean that, we blatantly break them. participated in an event for a social cause for We should try to get our bureaucracy to change Indian Republic as had done for Anna Hazare’s fast such rules. But no, we simply love breaking rules & for a “stronger Lokpal Bill”. Probably, after a long, regulations. We are born with that psyche. Now, long time we have got someone who can be obviously we can’t escape the so called ‘long-arm’ actually called a leader, a person who can of the law every time. Naturally it also means that, motivate masses for good cause. And to say the if we are caught we wouldn’t like to face the actual least, it was heartening and relieving to see that punishment or fine or whatever it is. So, the people of India have not gone dead completely. alternative is: pay bribe to the law enforcing There is still some national pride, sense and social authority. Now, these law enforcing people are sensitivity left in us. We can still steer this also one amongst us only. So, they’ll also stray wonderful country out of the rut that it is currently from their set path. sinking in. All hope is not lost. That means, mere presence of an But, there is more to all this “Lokpal Bill” authority is not going to clean up the mess that we than meets the eye. The hype generated by media have created and are still creating. After all, who’s regarding the public participation in the fasting more authoritative than a Prime-Minister in this event is masking a much bigger problem than the country? If he/she can’t prevent scams and anti-corruption bill or Anna Hazare’s fight itself. corruption, then what guarantee is there that a And that problem is: “Our Indian Psyche” / “Our “Lokpal” can? Who’s there to check whether the Indian Mentality”. If we take a very keen close lokpal himself is corrupt or not? look, make an unbiased introspection of our daily The answer for all our corruption behavior in public then, there should be no two problems is not some law or an authority. It is opinions about the resulting inference that: we are “US” (not the United States). We need to change “habitual intentional law-breakers” by nature. ourselves first. Even when there is no law Take the example of our traffic. enforcing authority in the vicinity we should Irrespective of which place in India it is the inherently have the good habit/nature of adhering scenario is same. All of us have the highest to the rule/law. The day this happens, then disregards to traffic rules. We jump signals nothing else is required. intentionally. We go in wrong direction in one- ways. If it’s a no-parking area then we should park Otherwise, think about this ratio: our vehicle there. We display our driving skill and potential by riding more than 2 (many a times 4) “1 LOKPAL v/s 1 Billion+ Intentionally Law-Breaking people on a two-wheeler. Don’t bother about the People”. indicators on our vehicles. They are for show only. Narahari Disciplined lane driving? What’s that? Haphazard Lecturer parking? Yes we are masters in that. The other Dept. of Mech Engg. person on the road be damned. ‘It’s my road and I don’t care’. So on, and so forth. No, it’s not just about our driving. We are like this in all others matters too. Our ingenuity in making public places dirty is to be seen to be believed. Likewise, we purposefully build 3 storey (or multi-storied) buildings where only a house with ground floor is allowed. We’ll stealthily do the road cutting for sanitary pipe-laying in the night. We somehow try to travel on old passes in buses &trains. We pull all the tricks in C.A books to cheat the government off the taxes that we are 9
  • 14. Germany – the hub of quality favorable for people who believe in understanding education for Mechanical and sharing different perceptions on various aspects of learning. The country provides Engineers opportunity for those people who want to set raise their own bar to achieve success. The thought of learning and its well execution finds expression with Germany, which is one of the developed countries personifying the What you need to know about German universal spirit of learning especially in the field of Universities: Engineering. Germany has been a hub of various Earlier Germany never had a concept of important activities related to developments and Bachelor and Masters study, it had only one innovations in the area of Engineering and the degree called “Diploma Engineering”, which is a study programs in German universities play a very combination of Bachelors and Masters. Since 3 important role in such developments. The study years, the system has been changed and they offer programs in Germany are very well stylized Bachelor and Masters separately just to get in line keeping in mind the latest engineering and with the globalization of education system. technological advances, which help students to The most important thing for any International keep up to date with the latest cutting edge student is to select the right University for their technologies. The one main factor that attracts Master’s study. Here, you can find two types of most of the students to Germany is the nominal universities. One is the Technical University tuition fee. As most of the universities are (Universitaet or TH as it is called in German), which government funded or government universities, so is completely research oriented and the other one they charge very low fee from students. is called as School of Applied Studies (Fachhochschule – FH as known in German), which For students dreaming to be a part of is mainly practical oriented. For students who some major engineering advances, German want to get into research, Technical University is universities offer a great platform. With some of the best place to pursue their masters. Here the major Automotive OEMs being situated in very courses are purely Theory based and very few close proximity makes Germany even more practical courses are offered. In School of Applied attractive for higher education particularly for Studies, you can find courses which are tailor Mechanical Engineers. The success of German made of Industrial application with more practical Universities and engineers has lots to do with the courses. Industry-University Research collaboration. The demand for higher education in Germany has Although, there is no proper ranking increased tremendously in the last 3 to 4 years. system for the German Universities, most of the One main reason for its popularity among foreign Technical Universities are assumed to be of very students is that it helps to develop your skills and high standard. There are few websites which give a talent in best way to suit changing trends of brief comparison about all the universities. One international market. such website is www.daad.de. The benefits for international students looking to Courses Offered: pursue higher education in Germany are: Although, in Germany the number of English  Involvement in some high end research taught master’s program is very limited, it offers a projects very wide range of courses on different  Access to highly sophisticated and specialization. Most of the English taught master advanced research facilities courses are specialized courses, you may not find a  Open system for learning and interaction general Mechanical Engineering masters course. with leading Researchers So, it’s very important for any International  Industrial Projects and part time jobs at student to decide on what specialization they are some of the top companies looking for before they take up a course. Different  High quality of lectures imparted by some courses being offered for International Masters of the leading industry specialists students under Mechanical Engineering are: Germany as such is multi-cultural and rich with  Computational Mechanics heritage; this factor is another important factor  Automotive Engineering which makes learning conditions effective and  Automotive Systems Engineering 10
  • 15. Transportation Engineering  Production Engineering  Mechatronics Engineering  Design and Development in Mechanical Engineering  Combustion Engines  Power-train Technology  Aerospace Engineering Duration of Master’s courses in Germany may vary between 1 and half to 2 years depending on the type of university. In most of the Technical Universities its 2 years and in School of Applied Studies mostly it is 1 and half years. Entry requirements for higher education in Germany: Applying for any course in a German University is very straight forward and hassle free. All international students applying for English taught Master’s course in German universities is required to prove their English language capability, with a good TOEFL or IELTS score. Although, the courses are offered completely in English, its highly advised for students to learn German up to intermediate proficiency in both speaking and writing, which will help students socialize and more importantly increase their prospects in search of Projects and Jobs. GRE is not mandatory for most of the universities, but considering the increase in competition it could well decide your fate. Any paper presentations or involvement in some research activities could boost your profile. So, all my fellow juniors at DSCE, I would like to wish you all a great fun and success during your bachelors and also for your future prospects. With my above article I have tried to share some information about higher education in Germany, which I hope would be useful for all those who wish to study further in Germany. If any of you want to get more information on the same you could contact me any time and I would be more than pleased to help you out. I would like to thank Prof. Dr.C.P.S Prakash for providing me an opportunity to share my thoughts about higher education in Germany. Wish you all success. Rajath M. Shenoi (Alumni: DSCE Mechanical Engg.- 2005) Graduate Student RWTH Aachen University Germany Email: rajathshenoi@gmail.com 11
  • 16. F-1 in INDIA!!! 200,000. The track in all has 16 largely medium speed corners where F1 cars will lap at an average speed of 210 km/h. The back straight will let F1 cars reach 320 km/h making it one of the fastest tracks in the world. The expected F1 car lap time is 1 minute 27 seconds. Technical specifications: Engine The 2006 Formula One season saw the (FIA) introduce the current engine formula, which mandated cars to be powered by 2.4 liters naturally aspirated engines in the V8 engine configuration. Further technical restrictions have also been introduced with the new 2.4 L V8 formula to prevent the teams from achieving higher RPM and horsepower too quickly. Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and The 2009 season limited engines to 18,000 rpm, in referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World order to improve engine reliability and cut costs. Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Transmission Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set Formula One cars use semi- of rules with which all participants' cars must automatic sequential gearboxes, with regulations comply. The F1 season consists of a series of races, stating a 4–7 forward gears and 1 reverse gear, known as Grand Prix (in English, Grand Prizes), using rear wheel drive. The gearbox is constructed held on purpose-built circuits and public roads. of carbon titanium, as heat dissipation is a critical The results of each race are combined to issue, and is bolted onto the back of the engine. determine two annual World Championships, one Fully automatic gearboxes and systems such as for the drivers and one for the constructors, with launch control and traction control, are illegal, to racing drivers, constructor teams, track officials, keep driver skill important in controlling the car. organizers, and circuits required to be holders of The driver initiates gear changes using paddles valid Super Licenses, the highest class of racing mounted on the back of the steering wheel license issued by the FIA. and electro-hydraulics perform the actual change as well as throttle control. Formula One cars are considered to be the fastest circuit-racing cars in the world, owing to very high Steering wheel cornering speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of aerodynamic down force. The driver has the ability to fine tune many Formula One cars race at speeds of up to elements of the race car from within the machine 360 km/h (220 mph) with engines limited in using the steering wheel. The wheel can be used performance to a maximum of 18,000 revolutions to change gears, apply rev. limiter, adjust fuel/air per minute. mix, change brake pressure, and call the radio. Data such as engine rpm, lap times, speed, and Buddh International circuit in Greater Noida, Uttar gear is displayed on an LCD screen. The wheel Pradesh, India, built at a cost of about 10 billion alone can cost about £25,000 and with carbon has a length of 5.14 km and an area of 875 acres fiber construction, weighs in at 1.3 kilograms. (354ha). Seating capacity is initially expected to be 110,00 with provisions to increase it later to 12
  • 17. Brakes Kinetic Energy Recovery System(KERS) Disc brakes consist of a rotor and caliper at each The boost systems known as Kinetic Energy wheel. Carbon composite rotors are used instead Recovery System (KERS).These devices recover the of steel or cast iron because of their superior kinetic energy created by the car's braking process. frictional, thermal, and anti-warping properties, as They store that energy and convert it into power well as significant weight savings. These brakes are that can be called upon to boost acceleration. designed and manufactured to work in extreme KERS adds 80 HP / lap(approx.) and weighs only temperatures, up to 1,000 degrees Celsius . An 35 kg average F1 car can decelerate from 100 to 0 km/h Top speeds in about 15 meters .!! Top speeds are in practice limited by the longest Performance straight at the track and by the need to balance Grand Prix cars and the cutting edge technology the car's aerodynamic configuration between high that constitute them produce an unprecedented straight line speed (low aerodynamic drag) and combination of outright speed and quickness for high cornering speed to achieve the fastest lap the drivers. Every F1 car on the grid is capable of time. Off late some teams have achieved a top going from 0 to 160 km/h and back to 0 in less speed of about 370 KMPH!! than five seconds. Source: InternetBy The combination of light weight (640 kg in race Vikram Rao B trim for 2011), power (950 bhp with the 3.0 L V10, 7th semester with the 2007 regulation 2.4 L V8), aerodynamics, and ultra-high performance tyres is what gives the F1 car its performance figures. The principal consideration for F1 designers is acceleration, and not simply top speed. Acceleration is not just linear forward acceleration, but three types of acceleration can be considered for an F1 car's, and all cars' in general, performance Acceleration The 2006 F1 cars have a power-to-weight ratio of 1,250 hp/t Theoretically this would allow the car to reach 100 km/h (60 mph) in less than 1 second. However the massive power cannot be converted to motion at low speeds due to traction loss and the usual figure is 2 seconds to reach 100 km/h (60 mph). After about 130 km/h (80 mph) traction loss is minimal due to the combined effect of the car moving faster and the down force, hence the car continues accelerating at a very high rate. The figures are 0 to 100 km/h: 1.7 seconds 0 to 200 km/h: 3.8 seconds 0 to 300 km/h: 8.6 seconds* 13
  • 18. HARISH HANDE – THE Social Entrepreneurship and the Nand & Jeet ILLUMINATOR Khemka Foundation. He was also the featured attendee and speaker at the Clinton Global Initiative 2007. In 2008, Harish Hande was chosen by Business Today as one of the 21 young leaders for India’s 21st century. In mid 2008, India Today named him as one of the 50 pioneers of change in India. He was awarded with Asia's prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for 2011, also sometimes referred to as Asia's Nobel Prize, for “his pragmatic efforts to put solar power technology in the hands of the poor, through his social enterprise SELCO Dr. Harish Hande INDIA” Managing Director of SELCO India Suhas Murali th Harish Hande was born in Handattu, 7 semester Kundapura taluk, Udupi district, Karnataka and raised in Rourkela, Orissa, India. After completing his basic schooling in Orissa, he went to IIT Kharagpur for his undergraduate studies in Energy Engineering. He then went to the U.S. to do his Master’s and later PhD. in Energy Engineering at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell Harish Hande co-founded SELCO INDIA (in 1995), a social enterprise to eradicate poverty by promoting sustainable technologies in rural India. With its headquarters in Bangalore, SELCO has 25 branches in Karnataka and Gujarat. Today SELCO INDIA has installed solar lighting systems in over 120,000 households in the rural areas of these states. Harish Hande has won the Ashden Award for Sustainable Energy 2005 and Tech Museum Award 2005. Harish has also received the world’s leading green energy award from Prince Charles in 2005. In 2007 SELCO INDIA won the Outstanding Achievement Award from Ashden Awards. The award was presented by Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States of America. Harish Hande was named the Social Entrepreneur of the Year 2007 by the Schwab Foundation for 14
  • 19. Kinetic Energy Recovery accumulate hydraulic pressure which is then sent Systems (KERS) to the wheels when required The Kinetic Energy Recovery System is explained to the audience. Motorsport Business Forum, Grimaldi Forum, Monte Carlo, Monaco. 5-6 December 2007. World © Sutton High voltage KERS warning sticker on the Honda air box. Formula One Testing 17-19 September 2008. Jerez, Spain. Flybrid Systems' flywheel-based KERS unit. Auto sport International Show, NEC, Birmingham, England, Day One, 8 January 2009 How is the stored energy released by the driver? The regulations stipulate that the release must be completely under the driver’s control. There is a boost button on the steering wheel which can be pressed by the driver. . What is KERS? The acronym KERS stands for Kinetic Energy Recovery System. The device recovers the kinetic energy that is present in the waste heat created by the car’s braking process. It stores that energy and converts itinto power that can be called upon to boost acceleration. How does it work? There are principally two types of system - battery Why was KERS introduced? (electrical) and flywheel (mechanical). Electrical systems use a motor-generator incorporated in the The aims are twofold. Firstly to promote car’s transmission which converts thedevelopment of environmentally friendly and mechanicalenergy into electrical energy and vice road Car-relevant technologies in Formula One versa. Once the energy has been harnessed, it is racing;and secondly to aid overtaking. A chasing stored in a battery and released when driver can usehis boost button to help him pass required.Mechanical systems capture braking the car in front, while the leading driver can use energy and use it to turn a small flywheel which his boost button to escape. In line with the can spin at up to 80,000 rpm. When extra power is regulations, there are limits on the device’s use required, the flywheel is connected to the and therefore tactics - when and where to use the car’srear wheels. Incontrast to an electrical KERS, KERS energy - come into play. the mechanical energy doesn’t change state and is Ritesh Dixit therefore more efficient. 7th Sem Mechanical There is one other option available - hydraulic KERS, where braking energy is used to 15
  • 20. The Green Ride the city light and easy, and MiraQua’s small footprint helps with this even more. Parking into a -Supreeth GVattam small space is not uncomfortable for the driver at 5th sem all and it reversely contributes back in reserving precious urban space. The passengers can get in Whenever we step out of our house, we always and out conveniently via the front. The usable see vehicles around us. Vehicles that gulp in gallons floor area is about 1.9 by 0.6 meters, makes the of fuel and help us to get to a certain destination. small vehicle capable of shipping large articles, The dependent of humans on these means of even a bike. And handling it in and out is too easy. transport is comparable to the dependence of fish on water, just like the fish won't be able to live without water, we humans would not be able to live without transportation. But today this dependence on transportation has made us the slaves to an entity called “Crude oil” which intern is ruining the greatest gift that we have got i.e. “Mother Earth”. Everyone has read about the damage the Green house gases are doing on the environment. The fact that it even threatens to cut short human life. The fact that carbon emissions from such vehicles are also increasing global Need: The number of private vehicles is increasing, warming. The ill effects doesn't end here, when we and they are often used by only 1 or 2 passengers. look at it to serve us for the future, it fails totally, These facts also apply to many other developing or according to the “EU Emery policy blog” which developed countries. The aim is to contain reveals to us the startling fact that these fuels adequate sense of uniqueness, pride and wouldn’t last a century, the generations to come satisfaction into a small vehicle package, tailored by would be left with such stories of the these for city residents. In does not only enhance fuels rather than the fuel itself. people’s life quality, but also encourage the use of green energy. The name MiraQua is combined with Well that about the ill-effects of this not so ‘miracle’ and ‘aqua’. It implies in the future cities, wonderful thing called “crudeoil”. each one of these small EV represents a water droplet, the traffic network would be running When it comes to megacities, there is one smoothly as a water stream network, efficiently common thing among all of them, from New York bring people from A to B. to New Delhi and from Moscow to Mumbai, Traffic congestion has always been an unsolvable problem. Globally the traffic density in urban hubs is increasing at alarming rates and the respective governments are unable to curb the growth inspite of installing world class “Intra city mass transit systems”. To sum it up world is facing serious threat from crudeoil and traffic congestion and one has to come up with a solution which is going to solve both the problems. The fact that the entire front sectionof the car opens up allows for drivers to put large packages A genius Chinese engineer “ChaoyiLi” has come up such as bicycles inside the car. Not bad, we think with an interesting design which will solve both you’ll agree, for a tiny car. Being so small and these problems with a single solution which is functional means that the car is expected to be a “MiraQua” big hit with city dwellers. The fact that it’s zero MiraQua is a compact EV that adopts in-wheel- emission is just icing on the cake. With this I just motor and drive-by-wire technologies. Free from wish to conclude with a quote from the“Dalai conventional vehicle layout, it lets passengers to Llama” which reflects the mistakes on part of the ingress & ampegress via one large asymmetrical humans about living for thefuture and forgetting frontgate. Accessing the rear seats when a front the present seat is stowed up. Sounds strange? Flip to look at . the benefits. Electric drive train makes driving in 16
  • 21. An Expo to Remember which itself is connected to the frame of the bike. A yoke is connected between the cross member of - Vivek Harsha the forks and frame of the bike using a ball joint. When you hit a bump with telelever, the suspension forces are transmitted through the ball The Auto Expo 2011 conducted by the Times joint, across the link and up through the shock unit Group in the month of August was a special one into the frame of the bike. The design of the for the college, the mechanical department and for Telelever effectively reduces dive under braking. the four of us who were privileged to present a Since diving under braking is less, it is not required project at the event. We were one of five colleges to design a separate anti-dive mechanism. Another that were called upon to display our projects and benefit is that the forces acting on the steering showcase our abilities over the four days. There head bearings are drastically reduced. In fact with were some really good projects on display, amidst telelever, one has to get used to the concept of all the fancy as well as the vintage cars and bikes. braking without the bike diving at the front. Along with our project there were other unique The project on display from our college was the ventures by other reputed colleges. One of them Telelever Suspension. It is a very unique and old was an Effi-cycle, which is a three wheel cycle that school mechanism used in the old BSA bikes which is chain driven. It includes a gear system which was has all but died down under the overwhelming quite unique and a very small differential at the usage of the modern mechanisms like telescopic back. Then there were gearless bikes that ran on suspension.The problem with telescopic fork diesel using a bullet engine and also on suspension is that all the forces acting on the front compressed air. of the bike are transmitted to the handlebars. The telelever overcomes this aspect and applies opposing forces and allows the front part to take on a lot of weight during braking and hard cornering without traditional fork dive. This means we can handle much rougher roads and brake harder without upsetting the chassis like conventional forks. With telelever, there is a single shock unit in place of the telescopic forks. Telelever has front forks, but their primary Apart from the project displays, the other sights function is to make a stiff frame for the front and sounds of the Expo included a host of wheel to sit in, and to allow the rider to steer the companies showcasing their bestworks in the field bike. The telelever fork unit is connected to a link of automobile, which was a huge crowd puller. 17
  • 22. However, amongst all the cars and bikes on All in all I would like to thank the Head of the display, the show stopper of the event was the Mechanical Department Dr. CPS Prakash for the Nissan 370Z. Its sheer presence and sleek looks opportunity. Also, our faculty advisor VR were enough to lure people to the expo. The Srinivasanwho guided us through the event with modern marvels were very creatively mixed with complete faith. Finally, I thank the three friends vintage collection of bikes and cars ranging from who accompanied me through this amazing the Chevrolets, Jaguars to the Morris Minor and journey Sumukha H.S, Rajath Martin and Rushi the old fashioned Jeep, which drew its own set of Ganapathi without whom the journey would not admirers. The other aspects of the event were the have been as memorable as it is. safety test track which amused a few people and of course the stunt show that was conducted by the best bikers in the country. 18
  • 24. Parent - teacher meet held on 3.10.2011 HOD Mechanical Engineering, Dr.C.P.S Prakash, addressing parents during the meet Group photo on the occasion of meeting 20
  • 25. Visit of delegation from General Motors to the Department headed by Dr.Christian Schoenherr, Director, Vehicle Integration, GM Dr. Christian Schoenherr with the students of mechanical engineering HOD familiarizing delegates with facilities at department 21
  • 26. Inauguration of new basic workshop and addition of facilities Sri.Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI, inaugurating the new workshop facilities at new automobile block DSCE View of new workshop facility Group picture of teaching and non-teaching Faculties of Mechanical Engineering department 22
  • 27. New Basic Workshop Inauguration of hydraulic hacksaw Inauguration of new UTM 23
  • 28. Ayudha pooja was celebrated on 3.10.11 HOD handing over token of respect to Sri. Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI HOD garlanding Dr. Hemachandra Sagar, Chairman, DSI HOD garlanding Sri. Galiswamy, Secretary, DSI 24
  • 29. Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended Sl. Name of the Faculty Title of the Event Type of Event Details of Publication No 1 Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm th st AICTE-MHRD Sponsored Summer 27 June – 1 July 2011Dept. of Applied Mechanics and Shridhar Kurse with Wavelet Transformation in School Hydraulics, NIT, Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore Civil Engineering 2 th th 8 & 9 June 2011, Narasimhe Gowda NCETME 2011 National Conference MSRIT, Bangalore AICTE Sponsored Staff 18/07/2011 – 30/07/2011, Acharya Institute of 3 Sunil Magadum Sensors and Robotics Development Program Technology, Bangalore 19/07/2011 – 22/07/2011, Zeus Numerix, Computational Fluid Dynamics: Kalyan Chakravarthy 4 Days Workshop Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy Human Resource Development Design & Analysis 4 Institute, Hyderabad, India 5 Optimization Applications in AICTE Sponsored 5 days Short Mrs. Aruna Devi. M 03/10/2011 – 07/10/2011, IIT, Madras Mechanical Engineering Term Training Programme 25
  • 30. Papers Published in Conference/Workshops/Seminars Sl. Name of the Faculty Title of the Paper Published Type of Event Details of Publication No. Influence of SIC Filler Addition of Wear Behavior 1 of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite Effect of alumina filler on tensile behavior of 2 Haseebuddin. M. R carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites th th 19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL Institute of Modeling and analysis of elastic properties of International Conference (ICMA – 3 Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India & polypropylene fiber matrix composite 2011) the University of Delaware, Delaware, USA Moisture Absorption Effects on the Mechanical 4 Suresh. E Properties of Epoxy Nano Composites Trajectory Tracking of a 3 – dof articulated Arm 5 Sunil Magadum by Inverse Kinematics using Jacobian Solutions 26
  • 31. Student paper presented at conference/workshops/seminars/technical symposia Sl. Names of Student Names of the Guides Title of Paper Type of Event Details of Paper No. Authors Dr. C. P. S. Prakash Structural Optimization of Airframe of 1 Abhinandan. M Micro Air Vehicle and its Development Investigation of Flexural Properties of 2 Ankita Sagar Mrs. Aruna Devi Silica Fume Reinforced particulate Composites A Novel Approach for Manufacture of Prof. Prabhakar 3 Nagababu. G Anchoring System in Aircraft Assembly th th Kuppahalli 19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL and Development of Corresponding Tools International Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Conference (ICMA – Karnataka, India & the University of 2011) Delaware, Delaware, USA Impact Damage Resistance of Composite 4 Manjunath. S. B Shivashankar Srivatsa Laminates and Curved Panels Modeling and analysis of elastic properties 5 Anil Kumar Haseebuddin. M. R of polypropylene fiber matrix composite Influence of SIC filler additions on wear 6 Shanth Kumar. B Haseebuddin. M. R behavior of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites 27
  • 32. Sl. Names of Student Names of the Guides Title of Paper Type of Event Details of Paper No. Authors Finite Element Analysis of Chip Formation 7 Chethan. C. M Dr. Bhaskar Pal during Grinding Trajectory Tracking of a 3-DOF Articulated 8 Sridhar. M. P Sunil Magadum Arm by Inverse Kinematics Using Jacobian Solutions Study of Forward Kinematics and Jacobian 9 Shivaprakash B.C. Dr. Bhaskar pal of Two Axis Polar Mechanism Effect of Aluminum Filler on Tensile 10 Eshwari. N M. R. Haseebuddin Behaviour of Carbon Fiber Reinforced th th 19 & 20 of August 2011, BTL Epoxy Composites International Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Conference (ICMA – Karnataka, India & the University of 2011) Delaware, Delaware, USA Modeling and Simulation of a Vehicle 11 Mallinath R Shetty Shridhar U Kurse Suspension System Finite Element Modeling for Vibration and 12 Sreenivasa. S. T Narasimhe Gowda Dynamics Analysis of an Automotive Wheel Dr. H.V. Impact Damage Resistance of Composite 13 Sathyajith Ullal Lakshminarayana Laminates and Curved Panel 28
  • 33. Optimization of Line Design for Piston Rod 14 Vikas. A A.Shantharam Manufacturing Process National Conference on th th 29 & 30 September 2011, PESIT, “Trends and Advances in Bangalore Analytical Study of Elastic Properties of manufacturing Engg” 15 Anil Kumar. T. A M. R. Haseebuddin the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite by Finite Element Method Student Project Exhibition at International/National conference/workshops/technical symposia Sl. Names of Project Names of the Guides Title of Project Prize Won Details of Paper No. Students 1 Sumukha.H.S 1DS07ME104 Auto Show, organized by Times of India Mr. V. R. Srinivasan Tele Lever Suspension System Participation 25/08/2011 – 28/08/2011, Palace Grounds, Bangalore 2) Vivek Harsha 1DS08ME118 29
  • 34. Student site visit/technical tours conducted Sl. Name of the Place Visited Names of Coordinators Place of Visit Date No. 1 Bangalore Metallurgicals Vivek Bhandarkar Bangalore 24/08/2011 2 Rapsri Industries Vivek Bhandarkar Bangalore 17/09/2011 3 Billforge Pvt. Ltd M. K. Venkatesh Bangalore 24/09/2011 Invited special lecturer Sl. Name of the Invited Background Industry/ Title of the Subject Date Venue No Scholar with full address Academic/R&D Dimensionless Group and Performance 1 Dr. G R. Srinivasa Academic 09/09/2011 C. D. Sagar Auditorium Characteristics of Thermal Turbo Machines What next after Graduation – An 2 Shri. B. S. Govind Industry 16/09/2011 Mechanical Department Interactive Session 1) Dr. H. V. Lakshminaryana, Professor gave a Keynote Lecture on Impact Damage Resistance, Response, Damage Tol erance of Composite Structures – Prediction and Verification on 19/08/2011. th th 2) CIL Training for 4 Semester Students on 19 September 2011 3) Mr. Shivakumar. V, Sumukha. H. S, Wagish S Lonikar, Patel Parth. R, Ravi Ranjan & Sagar. B. S participated in the 3 Da y National Seminar on Advances in nd th Manufacturing Sciences, Technology & Techmart held on 22 – 24 September 2011 at Bangalore International Exhibition Centre, Tumkur Road, Bangalore, India 4) Dr. H. V. Lakshminarayana, Professor gave a talk on “Integration of CAE Tools for Innovation in Product Design and Manufacture” in ANSYS Academic User Conference on 13/10/2011 in Hotel Sheraton at Brigade Gateway, Bangalore. 5) Prof. Shivashankar R Srivatsa, Asst. Prof. attended Conference on “Integration of CAE Tools for Innovation in Product Design and Manufacture” in ANSYS Academic User Conference on 13/10/2011 in Hotel Sheraton at Brigade Gateway, Bangalore. 30
  • 35. Conference/Workshops/Seminars Attended Sl. Name Title of the Event Type of Event Details of Publication No 1 Anil Kumar. S 2 Sachin Janna 3 Gujuraj Tandel 4 Pavan Kumar. V 5 Muhammed Aslam Ahmed 6 Prasad. P 7 Puneeth Kumar 8 Jebin Abraham Pullukalayil One Day National Workshop on Tribo th ADITECH – 2011 14 October 2011, BIT, Bangalore 9 Vinod. K Technologies 10 Balasaheb Patil 11 Phalguna. B. N 12 Nitesh Bhaskar. N 13 Yuvraj 14 Chennappa. H. Korishetti 15 Pradeep. S 16 Prashant Betgeri 31
  • 36. Industrial visits pictures Metallurgical Exhibition at Bangalore Visit to Rapsri Engineering Industries by 3rdsem International Exhibition Centre on 22/09/2011 – students 17/09/2011 24/09/2011 Bangalore Metallurgical BillforgePvt. Ltd. 32
  • 37. Published By Department of Mechanical Engineering Dayanand Sagar College of Engineering S.M.Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout Bangalore – 560078, Karnataka, India www.dscemech.com Editor in Chief Dr. C.P.S. Prakash Prof. and HOD Department of Mechanical Engineering Editor Mr. Haseebuddin M.R. Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering Editorial Team Mr. Chidambaram G, 4th year BE Mr. Puneeth M S, 4th year BE Mr. Rajath Martin, 4th year BE Mr. Shesha Sai B A, 4th year BE 33